Kunzwisisa kuti hurumende yeUnited States yakarongwa sei uye kuti inoshanda sei inopfuura chidzidzo chevagari vemo chakawanda. Nhengo dzebumbiro remitemo yakagadzira gadziriro yakakamuraniswa noune kuva mapazi akaparadzana, rimwe nerimwe rine masimba aro rimene nemitoro, kurinda kuti risadzvinyirira uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti vanhu varambe vari manyuko echiremera. Chirongwa ichi chakatsungirira kweanopfuura mazana maviri emakore, kuchichichinjira kuzvinetso zvitsva nepo vachichengeta nheyo huru dzokutonga kwedemokrase. Muiyi nhungamiro yakawedzera, tichanzvera mapazi matatu ehurumende yehurumende muudzamende, gadziriro yokunzvera uye ganhuriro izvo zvinochengeta mamiriro ezvinhu ehurumende. Basa rehurumende yomunzvimbomo, basa rehurumende, dare ravagari vemo, uye revagari vemo vanoshanda basa rinokosha kuita basa.

Mapazi Matatu eHurumende Inotonga Nyika Dzakabatana

Bhizi rimwe nerimwe rine mabasa akasiyana, asi rakagadzirirwawo kunzvera, kudzivirira chinhu chipi nechipi kuti chisadzora. Iyi purogiramu inoratidzira chitendero chavavavambi, chakajekeswa muFederation Papers, kuti "chitendero chinofanira kuitwa kuti chikunde chinzvimbo."

Bazu Romutemo

Legislative Branch(*Chorern) ndiro boka rokuita mutemo rehurumende yehurumende yehurumende. Sezvakarongwa muChikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo, ibhimeral, inoumbwa neImba yavamiriri neDare. Ichi chivako chine mbiri chinovimbisa kuti zvose zviri zviviri mufananidzo wakavakirwa pachiverengero chavagari vemo uye kuenzana kwehurumende zvinoumbwa mumuitiro wemitemo.

  • Imba yaVamiriri: Mitezo yokuvhota inoshanda makore maviri, nezvigaro zvakagoverwa pakati penyika dzakabva pavagari vemo. Imba inotanga zvikwereti zvose zvemari uye ine simba rimwe rokudzosa vakuru vakuru vehurumende. Mitemo yayo inotendera kudzora kwavazhinji, ichiita kuti igamuchire zvikuru mufungo wavose.
  • Senate: 100 senators (mbiri pahurumende imwe) dzinobatira mashoko amakore matanhatu. Dare rinosimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi (vatongi, vamiriri, vanyori vedare), rinobatanidza zvibvumirano nezvivhoti zviviri zvechitatu, uye rinoita savatongi mumiedzo yokusaidzira. Mashoko aro marefu nemifananidzo yakaenzana zvakagadzirirwa kugovera dzikamo nokudzivirira fariro shomanene.

Miitiro yeCongress inoronga masimba akadai sokubhadharisa, kukwereta, kudzora kutengeserana kwenyika, kuzivisa hondo, uye kuchengeta mauto. Muitiro wemitemo unobatanidza kutongwa kwedare, kurukurirano youriri, uye kuyanana kweshanduro dzakasiana - siana dzeImba neDare matare . Dare reKenya richienda kuPurezidhendi. (se House Ways neFractary Committee(kufambisa basa rinokosha mukuumba mutemo. Nokuda kwezvikwereti nezvinoitika, shanyo Conforn.[FLT]

Bazu Rine Vatungamiriri

Yakatungamirirwa ne Mutungamiriri weUnited States, Bazu reGuru rinodzorwa rinopa mutoro wokusimbisa nokushandisa mutemo wehurumende. Chikamu II chinopa Purezidhendi masimba akafara, kubatanidza kubatira saMutungamiriri wemauto ane zvombo, kupa kanganwiro, uye bvumirano dzekurukurirano (pamberi pedare). Purezidhendi anopawo mirairo yechiremera chomutemo, iyo ine simba romutemo asi inofanira kupiwa muchiremera chemitemo kana kuti Bumbiro remitemo riripo.

  • Mutungamiriri wehurumende: aifuratira makore mana ari ose, Purezidhendi anogadza mitezo yedare, vatongi vehurumende, uye Dare rapamusorosa (nebvumirano yeDare). Mutungamiriri wehurumende angapa mutemo, asi Congress anogona kudzora chivhoti nezvikamu zviviri muzvitatu mumakamuri ose ari maviri.
  • Mutungamiriri wePurezidhendi: VP inobatira saPurezidhendi weDare (kuisa vhoti dzinoparadza tambo) uye iri yokutanga mumutsetse wenhevedzano yapurezidhendi.
  • Dare rePurezimendi rinobatanidza misoro ye 15 yemadhipatimendi makuru (sezvinei, State, Defense, Treasurence, Justice). Ava vanyori vanopa zano Purezidhendi ndokutungamirira masangano avo akasiana. Hurumende inobatanidzawo masangano akazvimirira akadai seEvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) neFederal Reserve.

Hukuru hweBazu raVapavhuri hwakakura munguva yakati, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzechengeteko yenyika, mirau yemari, uye garikano yenzanga. Nokuda kwamashoko apamutemo pamusoro pemirairo yavakuru vakuru nemibato yesangano, ona [[FLT: 0] Glot House.gov.

Bazu Rokutonga

Bazu reDare rinotonga rinotsanangura mitemo ndokuhwirudzura pamutemo waro. Chikamu III chinosimbisa matare ehurumende, neDare renyika pamugumo. Dare rine ruramisiro pfumbamwe (vatongi vakuru vapfumbamwe) uye vatongi vasere vanowirirana naPrezidhendi uye vanosimbiswa neDare. Vanobatira kugadza kwoupenyu hwose, uko kunovadzivirira padzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika uye kunobvumira rutongeso rwokuzvimirira.

  • Dare reMarbury: Rinonzwa zvikumbiro zvinobva kumatare ehurumende akaderera ndokutaura matare makuru anobatanidza mutemo womubatanidzwa kana kuti mibvunzo yebumbiro remitemo. Simba rawo rehwirudzuro(] Marbury v. Madison [185]] [183])] [8] [83] [83]] mira kurova mitemo inoputsa Bumbiro remitemo. [Londmarkss akadai se Brown v. Board yedzidzo yeD uye [FLT] [FL:] v [FLT]
  • Dare reLowder: Matare eUnited States eZvikwiro (matunhu) anohwirudzura zvisarudzo zvakabva kuMatare oruwa. Kune Matare eruwa 94 anobata nhau dzevagari vemo nedzeutsotsi. matare echienzi, akadai seDare reMitero reU.S. reTaxis kana kuti Dare reInternational Trade, nzvimbo dzakananga dzomutemo.

judiciary inovimbisa kuti mamwe mapazu aite mukati memiganhu yebumbiro remitemo. Nokuda kwemifungo nechakaitika, shanyira Supreme Courtut.gov.

Kuongorora uye Dzikamo Zvinoshanda

Unyanzvi hweBumbiro reMitemo huri mugadziriro inobatana ye michero nedzinodzikama. Bazu rimwe nerimwe rine zvishandiso zvokudzivisa zvimwe, kuvamba tsinhirano ine simba inodzivisa kuiswa kwesimba. Kunzwisisa aya masangano anokosha kuonga kuti mabasa ehurumende anoshanda sei.

  • .Idzo dzinodzorwa paGunhu reProvice:[[FLT: 1] Controls (simba rechikwama), dzinogona kukurira dare rapurezidhendi, kusimbisa vateshi, uye kubvisa Purezidhendi kana kuti vamwe vakuru. Inoitawo kuti dare rinzwike uye rinogona kusunda chipupuriro.
  • Mitemo Nzvero paChirevo: Mutungamiriri anogona kudzosa mari (kunyange adzorwa kutungamirira), kudana marusando chaiwo eDare, uye kuraira kwevakuru vakuru kunoisa maruramiro muchiremera chehurumende. Vhoti yaPrezidhendi inoputsa tab inopa pesvedzero yehurumende pamusoro pomutemo weDare.
  • Judicial Chekings Ose: [[FT: 1] matare eMitemo, zvikurukuru Dare Rapamusorosoro, anogona kuzivisa mitemo kana kuti zviito zvavakuru vakuru zvisiri zvoutongi. Purezidhendi anogadza vatongi, asi Congress anogadza nhamba yematare uye anogona kurambidza vatongi vanotevedzerwa.
  • Mitemo neLegislative Cheki paJudia: Purezidhendi anotonga vatongi, uye Dare rinovasimbisa. Dare rinogona kuchinja chiremera chematare ehurumende (nemimwe ganhuriro yebumbiro remitemo) uye rinogona kukarakadza kugadziriswa kwebumbiro remitemo kuti ripedze dudziro dzedare.

Mienzaniso yenyika chaiyoiyo yakawanda. Purezidhendi Franklin Roosevelt “dare redare” rorurongwa rwakadziviswa nechishoro chezvamatongerwe enyika. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, kupfura kwaPurezidhendi Nixon kwemuchuchisi chaiye weWatergate kwakatungamirira kuchisarudzo chavose cheDare Gurusa reUnited States v. Nixon [[FLT]] [19974]) kwaanofanira kuwirirana namapapona. Zvirevo zvavakuru vakuru pakutama vakadzorwa vakavharirwa kana kuti vatsigirwe nematare omubatanidzwa, zvichiratidzira kutamba kunopfuurira kwamapazu matatu.

Basa Rehurumende

priple yehurumende inokamuranisa simba pakati pehurumende yenyika nenyika. Tenth Amendment resting respotement kuhurumende (kana kuti kuvanhu) masimba api naapi asingapiwi kuhurumende yehurumende. Somuuyo, hurumende dzine chiremera chakafara pamusoro penhau dzakadai sedzidzo, zvokufambisa, kudzika pamutemo, mutemo wezvinhu, mutemo wemhuri, uye utano hwavanhu.

Bazu Romutemo Wehurumende

Hurumende imwe neimwe ine bazu remitemo inoita mitemo yehurumende. Nokusiya Nebraska (iyo ine chigaro chimwe chete), nyika dzose dzine mabhimeral communionals(imba yehurumende kana kuti gungano nedare rehurumende. Mazita anosiana, asi vamiririri vanowanzobatira mifungo yegore rimwe navakuru vemisi. Hurumende dzinewo simba rokukarakadza uye raintected reconsole kuU.S. Constitution uye kugadza miitiro yesarudzo yomunzvimbomo. Mitengo yakawanda inoumba miganhu yevagari vemo inobvumira kuisa mutemo zvakananga. [[FGLT:0] Dare reHurumende reHurumende rinewokuronga pamutemo.

Bazi Rinotungamirira reHurumende

Gavhuna ndiye mukuru webazu guru rehurumende uye anomanikidzira mitemo yehurumende. Kufanana naPurezidhendi, vadzori vane chiremera (kubatanidza chikamu chemari vhato simba pamusoro pezvikwereti zvemari), mapurisa ehurumende, gadza vakuru vakuru vehurumende, uye anotarisira bhajeti rehurumende. Hurumende zhinji dzinewo gavhuna mukuru, mumiririri mukuru, uye vanyori vemasangano vazhinji. Makurukota evatongi anosiana muhurumende nehurumende; somuenzaniso, vamwe vanamagavhuna vane masimba okugadza nesimba apo vamwe vanogoverana avo nemitemo kana kuti mabhodhi.

  • Governor: Inogadza nhevedzano yemiitiro, inogovera mugariro wekero yehurumende, uye inogona kukanganwira kana kuti kuchinja mitongo nokuda kwemhaka dzehurumende.
  • Dare reProfeta: kazhinji kazhinji rinobatira sapurezidhendi wehurumende uye rinotora chigaro kana gavhuna akasarairwa, akarega basa, kana kuti akafa.
  • Kabhinati yeChiteshi: Mahofisi edzidzo, zvokufambisa, utano, uye dziviriro yemhoteredzo zvinoshandisa mutemo nemirau yehurumende.

Bazu Rokutonga reHurumende

Hurumende imwe neimwe ine gadziriro yayo imene yedare, yakarongwa zvayo kuva nhurikidzwa: matare edare, matare anopfuurira ehurumende, uye dare rapamusorosoro rehurumende. matare ehurumende anotonga nhau zhinjisa dzemitemo muUnited States (anopfuura 90%) kubatanidza kukwirira mhaka dzoutsotsi, gakava routsotsi (kukuvadziko yomunhu oga), mutemo wemhuri, uye dare rehurumende rapamusoro zvikurusa ichiremera chikurusa pamutemo nenhau yehurumende, kunyange zvazvo zvisarudzo zvaro zvingakwidzwa kuU.S. Dare Rapamusoro rehurumende kana dare rikabatanidza nhau yomubatanidzwa.

  • Dare reChirevo: Rinonziwo matare makuru, matunhu, kana kuti maruwa (nhambo inosiana), iwaya matare orutivi rwokutanga. Anoitisa kutonga, anonzwa ufakazi, uye anosarudza maidi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Dare reAppeneta: matare anohwirudzura zvisarudzo zvokutonga nokuda kwechikanganiso chapamutemo. Hadzisi nyika dzose dzinezvo; dzimwe dzine dare rapamusoro bedzi nokuda kwokukwirira.
  • State Court: kazhinji kazhinji dare rokupedzisira ramabanza enhau dzomutemo wehurumende. Vatongi vangasarudzwa (mumitezo mizhinji) kana kuti kugadzwa (kazhinji kazhinji nagavhuna).

Kusiyana muzvivako zvedare rehurumende uye nzira dzokutonga (sarudzo yepartishan, kusarudza kusingatsigiri, kwakafanirwa nokuranga) kunoita kuti nyika imwe neimwe ive yakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, Texas ine gadziriro yedare yakakwirira zvikurusa yakaitwa nechepamusorosoro (jere renhau dzehurumende uye imwe yemhosva dzoutsotsi.

Hurumende Yomunzvimbomo: Mutsetse Wakananga Webasa Ravose

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hurumende Dzoruwa

Masangano zvikamu zvinodzora zvehurumende. Mabasa awo anosiana zvikuru: muNew England, mirangariro ine mitoro mishomanene; muzhinjisa yeMadokero neMadokero, mirau inogovera gadziriro dzechikoro, kuchengetwa kwomutemo (dhipatimendi redare rehurumende), kugadziriswa kwemigwagwa, uye mabasa enzanga. Boka reruwa kana kuti dare rinobatira zvikurukuru sedare remitemo neroukurukota. Mabhurogiramu mazhinji ane mutungamiriri weruwa kana kuti maneja anotarisira mabasa ezuva nezuva.

  • Commission/Council: Mirayiro, gamuchira bhajeti, uye gadza mwero yemitero yezvinhu.
  • Rapabhurari: Mutongi akasarudzwa ane mutoro wokuchengeta mutemo, majeri, uye chengeteko yedare munyika zhinjisa.
  • Clerk: Inochengeta zvinyorwa zvavose, inosarudza, uye inobudisa marezenisi eroorano.

Hurumende Dzehurumende

Mabhazi-manisita (mataundi, mataundi, uye misha), zvakabatanidzwa munzanga dzine masimba okugovera mhatsa yakasiana---ngodzi. Zvivako zvinowanzobatanidza macayor-council (misiyaniso yemongi kana kuti ine simba duku remota), [[COLT]] council-mal [[FLT]] conbon , [[FULT]] mitezo inobatanidzawo kuchengeteka kwapachena, mabasa, zvivako zvapachena, uye zvinyorwa zvekufambisa maguta mazhinji. [FLT] zvinodzora bhini yendege, uye kufambisa vanhu vanofamba nendege.

  • [[FOL:0] May: kazhinji kazhinji] mukuru mukuru, ane masimba pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvedare nechiremera pamadhipatimendi eguta.
  • Dare reMuguta: Rinoita mitemo, rinoronga bhajeti yemanisiparati, zvibvumirano zvinobvumira, uye rinomirira ruwa kana kuti panzvimbo huru.
  • Mutarisiri weCity : akagadzwa nedare mumamaneja, maneja anobata kutarisirwa kwezuva nezuva uye anohaya misoro yamadhipatimendi.

Maruwa Nemabhodhi Ezvikoro Chaiwo

Maruwa chaiwo mazvimiriri ehurumende anopa basa chairo, rakadai semvura, utsanana, kudzivirira moto, kana kuti kudzora umhutu. Ane mapuraidhi anodzora uye chiremera chokubhadhara. Maruwa ezvikoro ndiwo marudzi anozivikanwa zvikurusa, ane mabhodhi ezvikoro akasarudzwa anotarisira dzidzo, marusando, uye mitero yerechisvusvus. Maruwa chaiwo anogona kuparira masangano ehurumende asi anewo zvinetso.

Kukosha Kwokubatanidzwa Muchibvumirano Chokuberekana

Hurumende yakagadzirwa nezvichemo, zvikamu, uye zvikamu zvizhinji zvichiri kutsamira pakutora rutivi kwokushingaira kwavagari vemo vayo. Bumbiro reMitemo rinovamba ne “Isu Vanhu,” uye sarudzo iri yose, kutemwa kwavose, uye chikumbiro ishandiso youchangamire ihwohwo. Kunzwisisa kuti hurumende yakarongwa sei inogonesa vanhu kuva nenzira ine revo ine revo [] kupfurikidza nokuvhota mumunzvimbomo, nyika, uye sarudzo dzomubatanidzwa; kupfurikidza nokuonana navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa kuti vataure mirangariro; kupfurikidza nokubatira pamipamberi yemiteo yedare; kupfurikidza nokupinda misangano yehoro yetaundi; uye kupfurikidza nokumhanya nokuda kwehofisi.

Nzvero inoratidzira nguva dzose kuti apo vagari vemo vanogamuchira zvikuru, hurumende inogamuchira zvikuru uye miuyo inoratidzira zviri nani zvinodikanwa zvenzanga. Zvishandiso zvakadai se USA.gov zvinoita kuti kuve nyore kuwana vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, mutemo unoteverwa, kunyorerwa kwemibato yavose, uye kuziva maruramiro ako. Kunyange iri kutsigira paki itsva, inodenha kugadziridza ruramisiro yaparutsiro rwamabhi, chimiro chehurumende yeAmerica chinopa mapfundo akawanda okupinda.

mhedziso

Sangano rehurumende yeU.S.(_federal, nyika, uye romunzvimbomo) ibasa guru rokuronga, rinovakirwa pakuparadzana kwemasimba, hurumende, uye kunzvera nokudzikamisa. Bazu rimwe nerimwe rine mitoro yakasiana asi inotsamirana, kuumba gadziriro iyo yose iri yose inochinjika uye inochinjika. Kubva paImba yeCongress kuenda kudare reruwa, kubva paCabinecimain kusvikira kuboka rechikoro chomunzvimbomo, rutivi rwuri rwose runoita basa mukushandura nheyo dzoubati ushe hunosarudzwa navanhu kuva kushandiswa. Nzira yakanakisisa yokukudza tsika ino ndeyokuinzwisisa, kuitora rutivi mairi, uye kuireva kuva ine mutoro. Vagari vanoziviswa vane mutoro isimba gurusaro muboka rechikoro.