Kunzwisisa Kuwana Mari Yokufambisa MuUnited States

Kuvhota kwanzi kupfuurei + dhigirii iro vagari vemo vakakodzera vanogona kunyoresa nokukanda chivhozhokero pasina mhinganidzo dzisina kufanira. Chinochengeta chinhu chikuru chehurumende yedemokrase. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuvhota kuri nyore kunosiyana zvikuru nemhaka yemisiyano mumitemo, miitiro yokutungamirira, uye mibato yomunzvimbomo. Kubva pazvinodikanwa zvikuru zvokuganhurira mahwindo okuvhota apakuvamba, mhinganidzo hadzina kufanana kana kuti tsaona. Kunzwisisa izvi zvisariranisa iri nhano yokutanga kukuvaka gadziriro inotsiva inobatanidza.

Nyaya ino inoongorora mapoka makuru okuwana vhoti, inosimbisa mienzaniso yakananga yehurumende, uye inoronga mhinduro dzinoshanda.

Kuenzana Kunokosha Kwokuwana Mazakwatira emari

Kuwana mashoko hakusi nhau imwe chete asi muunganidzwa wezvinhu zvakabatanidzwa izvo zvinosarudza kuti munhu anogona here kukanda bhoti. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

  • Miitiro yokunyoresa kweVoter - Zviri nyore sei kunyoresa, kugadzira kero, uye kusimbisa kukwanisa kunyorwa?
  • [ nzvimbo nemaawa [ - Ko nzvimbo dzakakodzera, dzinosvikika, uye dzakazaruka dzakati rebei kuti dzigova nepurogiramu dzebasa here?
  • Mitoo inowanika – Ko vavhoti vanogona kuvhota pakuvamba mupedzi, pasina mabhora etsamba, kana kuti kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero here?
  • Zvinodikanwa zvokuratidza [ - zvimiro zvinogamuchirwa zveid zvinogamuchirwa namapoka ose avagari vemo here?
  • [[[Nhamba: 0] Mutauro nokutsigira kurava nokunyora – Ko brocks nezvishandiso zvinowanika mumitauro inotaurwa nezvikamu zvinokosha zvezvisarudzo here?

Rimwe nerimwe raaya mativi rinobata nomuitiro wenyika, tarisiro yomunzvimbomo, uye zvomene dzenzanga nezvemari, kuchitanga basa rakaganhurirwa rezvinoitika zvavavhoti izvo zvinogona kuchinja zvikuru kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune inotevera.

Matambudziko Anowanzoitika Munyika Dzose

Nepo hurumende iri yose ine mitemo yayo imene, denho dzakati dzinoitikazve nokudzokoroka kwakakwana kuti dzirangarirwe sedzinodzorwa. Pasi apa tinonzvera mhinganidzo dzinokosha zvikurusa, tichiyera panzvero kubva kumasangano akadai se Brennan Center yeChirevo[ ne

Mitemo Yokuziva

Panosvika 2025, migariro 36 inoda vavhoti kupa chimiro chakati chokuzivisa panzvero. Paidzodzi, 19 dzine zvinodikanwa zvemifananidzo zvakasimba zveID zvinoreva muvhoti asina id inodudzwa haagoni kukanda muvhoti wenguva dzose uye angada kudzoka nechizivikanwo chinogamuchirika kana kuti dare rinovhota. Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti mitemo yakadaro inodzivisa kubiridzira, asi nzvero yenguva dzose dzinoratidza kuti kubiridzira kworudzi urwu hakuwanzowanwi zvikuru. Vatsoropoteri vanonongedzera kuti inenge 11% yavavhoti inokwana, vakwegura, uye vagari vashomanene vamo vane chitupa chehurumende. Chinotoko chemari inowana mumwe chinogona kuva chinokosha, zvikurukuru munyika umo mahofisi omuchairi akaganhurirwa kana kuti mahofisi ari kure kure kure.

Somuenzaniso, Texas yashandisa mutemo wayo weID wakaoma chaizvo muna 2011 (SB 14), imwe dare rakawana kuti mutemo wairemedza vavhoti vashoma.

2. Mhinganidzo Dzokunyoresa

Kunyoresa kuvhota kunofanira kuva nyore, asi nyika dzakawanda dzinomisa zvipingamupinyi zvinodzivisa kutora rutivi. Mhinganidzo dzinozivikanwa navose dzinosanganisira:

  • Misi yokunyoresa yapakuvamba [ – United States inovhara kunyoresa mazuva 30 pamberi pesarudzo (seTexas neMississippi) inobvisa vagari vemo vanorasikirwa nokusawirirana kwacho, kunyange kana vachikodzerwa paZuva Rokusarudza.
  • Chiratidzo chezvinodikanwa zvougari hwemo – A zvishoma enyika, dzakadai seArizona neKansas, chakaedza kukumbira ufakazi hwechinyorwa hweugari hwemo kuti vanyorese, icho chinogona kuvhara vagari vemo vakazvarwa nahwo nevamwe vangasakwanisa kuwana magwaro akadaro nyore nyore.
  • Mipata yokunyoresa inoshanda uye paIndaneti - Nepo 23 zvikwangwani zvino zvine kunyoresa kwevhoti kuri nyore (AVR), dzimwe dzakawanda dzichiri kuvimba nezvimiro zvepepa uye kugadzirwa kwemabhuku, zvichiwedzera bviro yezvikanganiso nezvirambwa.

Mukuwirirana ne Conferenceal of State Legislatures, maererano neAVR ane mwero yokunyoresa yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura iyo isina, ichikarakadza kuti kurerutsa muitiro kunoparira betsero chaidzoidzo.

3. Nzvimbo Inoshatisa Inowanika Uye Inovharwa

Chiito chokuvhota chinotsamira panzvimbo nemaawa enzvimbo dzokuvhota. Nenzira isingafadzi, nyika dzakawanda dzakavhara mazana enzvimbo dzokuvhota mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, kazhinji kazhinji munzanga dzine ruvara nenzvimbo dzinowanikwa zvishoma. Mushumo wakaitwa neFreade Conference on Civil and Human Rights wakawanwa kuti pakati pa2018, nzvimbo dzokuvhotera dzinopfuura 1 600 dzakapfigwa muU.S., nenzvimbo dzakakwirira zvikurusa muTexas, Arizona, Louisiana, uye Georgia.

Madaro marefu nenguva dzinomirira ndiwo muuyo. MuMaricopa County, Arizona, vamwe vavhoti muna 2022 vakamirira maawa anopfuura maviri nemhaka yokuperevedza kwemichina yokuvhota navashandi vokuvhota. Nokuda kwavanhu vasina zvokufambisa zvakavimbika kana kuti mabasa akapfava, kumirira kwakadaro kunogona kuva kunodzivisa nenzira inobudirira. Mukuwedzera, nzvimbo zhinji dzokuvhota dzinoramba dzisingasvikiki kuva dzinovhota nerema, dzisina mazambu, mabhikicha akakodzera, kana kuti michina yokuvhotera inosvika, pasinei zvapo nezvinodikanwa zveHelp American Vote Act (Hava).

4. Nzira Dzinoganhurirwa Dzokupa Mari

Nyika dzinodzora kana vavhoti vachigona kukanda mavhota nokukurumidza kana kuti neposi pasina pembedzo. Sere kwa2024, 27 nyika neD.C. zvibvumidze kusavhota tsamba, nepo 14 nyika dzichiri kuda chikonzero chakananga (zvakadai sokubva mutaundi, chirwere, kana kuti basa rehondo) kuti vawane chivhoti chepositi. Mitezo yakadai seAlabama neMississippi, somuenzaniso, haibvumiri kuvhota nokukurumidza, kumanikidza kuvhota zvimwe musi weEconsotion Day kana kuti kuita mipimo mishomanene yokuvhota.

Kuwedzera mitoo yokuvhota kwakaratidzwa kuwedzera, zvikurukuru pakati pamapoka ane rutivi rwakaderera. Chinjo yeOregon kuvhota yose neposi muna 1998 yakawedzerwa ne 10 muzana musarudzo dzinotevera. Nenzira yakafanana, inotaura kuti kupa inenge vhiki mbiri dzokuvhota kwokukurumidza kuona mwero wakakwirira pakati pavashandi nevabereki vevana vaduku.

5. Matambudziko Emutauro Nokudzidza

Chikamu 203 cheVoting Rights Act, dzimwe nyika dzinofanira kugovera betsero yokuvhota mumitauro miviri kana inopfuura 10 000 kana kuti 5% yavagari vemo vemo vebasa rokuvhota iri mitezo yeboka rimwe romutauro muduku rine dzidzo yeChirungu yakaganhurirwa. Zvisinei, nzanga zhinji duku dzinowira pasi pechikumbaridzo ichocho, uye dzimwe nyika dzakadzivisa kugovera zvinhu zvinoshandurwa kunyange uko zvaidikanwa. Chikamu chine kutaura kukuru kwechiSpain, chiChina, chiVietnam, kana kuti kutaura chiTagalogian chingashaiwa vashandi vavhotera avo vanogona kubatsira vakurukuri vasiri vechiNgezi.

Mipinyi yokurava nokunyora inotapurawo vavhoti vanogona kutaura chiNgezi asi vane chinetso chokurava mutauro wetsono wakaoma, wakadai segadziridzo refu dzebumbiro rebumbiro remitemo kana kuti zvikarakadzo zvinovhiringidza. Ava vavhoti vangada betsero kurava chiroti, asi mitemo yehurumende inosiana pamusoro pokuti ndiani anogona kugovera betsero yakadaro. Dzimwe hurumende dzinoganhurira betsero kumitezo yemhuri kana kuti vashandi vekuvhota, izvo zvinogona kuva zvinetso kuvanhu vasingaunzi shamwari kunzvimbo yokuvhotera.

Zvinetso Zvikuru Zvomuhurumende: Kusanonzvera

Nepo mhinganidzo dzarondedzerwa pamusoro apa dzakapararira, mitemo yenzvimbo yehurumende inoita mhoteredzo dzakasiyana. Pasi apa tinonzvera kuti nyika shanu sei — Texas, Georgia, California, Florida, uye Arizona(em) denho dzakasiana nemheno.

Texas

Texas ine imwe yenzvimbo dzokuvhota dzinoganhurira zvikurusa munyika. Mutemo wayo wakasimba weID (SB 14) wakavharwa pakutanga nematare ehurumende asi gare gare wakatsiviwa neshanduro yakachinjwa ichiri kuisa mitoro. Hurumende hainawo kunyoresa kwepaIndaneti, uye nguva yayo yokunyoresa mupeta iri 30 pamberi pokuvhota (pakati pemaawa 24 okutanga munyika. Kuvhota kwapakuvamba kunobvumirwa kwenhambo yakaganhurirwa (kuvamba mazuva 17 pamberi peEcostation Day), asi nhamba dzakawanda, zvikurukuru dzomuruwa, dzine nzvimbo shomanene dzokuvhotera. Muna 2020, Harris County (Hous) yakaedza kupa kuvhotera kwapakuvamba kwe 24 uye kuvhotera kupfurikidza nokuvhota, asi vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende vakadenha nhamburiko idzodzo, uye pashure pacho vakashora nhamburiko idzodzo, uye vapa mitemo yakaitwa kuti irambidzwe.

Kupfuurirazve, Texas yakawedzera ganhuriro pakuvhota tsamba, kubatanidza kukumbira kuvhota mapepa eposi kuti zvibatanidze nhamba yerezenisi rokutyaira kana kuti zvikamu zvina zvokupedzisira zvenhamba yeSocial Security (hnust) zvinowirirana nechinyorwa chokuvhota chakananga kana kuti kumbiri yokukumbira kunorambwa. Mukuwirirana neTexas Civil Rights Project, makumi ezviuru ekukumbira tsamba akarambwa mu 202020 yokutanga nemhaka yeidzi dzisina kuwirirana.

Georgia

Chitsama 2021 Evolution Perfect Act yeGeorgia chakatanga chitsama chechinjo idzo vatsigiri vekodzero dzokuvhota vanodzivisa kusvika. Mutemo wakawedzera chinodikanwa chitsva chepikito nokuda kwokuvhota kwapasati pavapo (zvisati zvambofanana, siginicha chakanga chakwana), yakapfupikisa nhambo yevhoti, yakaganhurira chiverengero chebhorati kuisa mutsetse zvokudya kana kuti mvura kuvhotera vakamirira. Vatsoropotezi vanocherekedza kuti chinjo idzi dzakaitwa pashure pokuvhota mu 202020, iyo yakaona mitsetse mirefu munharaunda duku.

Kurutivi rwakanaka, Georgia yakava nokunyoresa kunozviitikira kwaibvira chifo cha2016 uye isati ichipa kuvhota kwetsamba uye kuvhota kwokukurumidza. Zvisinei, ganhuriro itsva dzakatotungamirira kumwero wakakwirira wokurambwa kwemabhora ashaikwa. Mujaho 2022, inenge 3% yamavhoti eposi yakarambwa, zvichienzaniswa ne1% mu 202020, maererano nemashoko anobva kuMabharani weGeorgia wehofisi yeHurumende.

California

California inomirira imwe yehurumende hurusa yokuvhota. Chifo cha 2021, hurumende inotumira rezenisi reposi kumunhu ari wose anovhota nokuda kwesarudzo dzose, uye vavhoti vanogona kuridzorera nepositi, pabhodhi, kana kuti mumunhu munzvimbo dzokuvhota. Kuvhota kwokutanga kunowanika kwamazuva 29 pamberi pekuvhota. Hurumende inopawo kunyoresa kumwe cheteko kwezuva revhoti, kunyoresa paIndaneti, uye mabhiri emitaurota mitauro yakawanda.

Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinetso zvinosara. Nzanga dzomumaruwa, zvikurukuru muCentral Valley uye kure kuchamhembe, dzine nzvimbo dzinovhota, dzinotungamirira kumadaro akareba. Vavhoti vamaIndia okuAmerica vanogara panzvimbo dzinoda kuvanzi vangashaiwa basa retsamba rakavimbika kana kuti kadhisi dzinosawirirana negadziriro dzakavakirwa pamugwagwa, dzinonetsa kunyoresa. Kuwedzera, California ine mwero wakakwirira wemabhorati nerobharoti, uye inenge 28% yakakandwa apo muvhoti weroori anopanikirwa anopanikirwa. Nhakanzvikanwiro dzinoda kurambwa kupfuura vavhoti venguva dzose. Mujambwa 2022, 200 000 vezvinyoreswa, uye vanenge 28% havana kuverengwa, nemhaka yenhau dzokunyoresa.

Florida

Kupinda kwenzvimbo yokuvhota kwakaumbwa nomutemo unokakavadzana. Muna 2019, vavhoti vakapfuudza Gadziriro 4, iyo yakangoerekana yadzorera maruramiro okuvhota kuvatongi vazhinjisa vakanga vapedza mitongo yavo. Zvisinei, chibvumirano cheRepublican chinodzora chinokurumidza kupfuura SB 7066, kuraira varwi kubhadhara faindi yose, mari, uye kudzoreswa pamberi pokubvumirwa kuvhota − chinodikanwa icho chinobvisa nenzira inobudirira vazhinji, sezvo hurumende yacho isina kuchengeta shopu hurusa yezvakanga zviri chikwereti. matare akavhara pamutemo uyu, asi kuvhiringidzwa kwacho kunopfuurira.

Florida inewo chinodikanwa chepikicha chakasimba nokuda kwokuvhota, ganhuriro dzokuvhota kukurumidza kusvikira kuukuru hwamazuva 14 (nechisarudzo chomunzvimbomo chokuderedza), uye haisati ichipa kuvhota kwetsamba kuvhota(-vhota) uye haifaniri kukumbira kurovha kwapakarepo vhoti imwe neimwe. Muna 2023, mutezo wemitemo wakapfuudza mimwe ganhuriro pamiitiro yokuvhotera, kubatanidza mutemo unoda masangano echikamu chechitatu kuendesa kunyoresa mukati mamazuva 14 uye unoisa faindi inorema nokuda kwokunonoka. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kuderera kukuru munhamba yamapoka anonyoresa vavhoti muhurumende, mukuwirirana neChibvumirano cheVakadzi Voter of Florida.

Arizona

Arizona yave iri nzvimbo yehondo pamusoro pokuvhota kwerinopfuura makore gumi. Hurumende ine ndaza yechigarire yokuvhota yapakuvamba, iyo inongotumira nayo fomu reposi kuvose vanoikumbira, uye inenge 80% yavavoti veArizona vanokanda mabhora neposi. Zvisinei, pashure pejakisi 2020, mutezo weRepublican unodzora SB 1260 uye mimwe mipimo iyo inosuma ganhuriro itsva. Mumwe mutemo unoda kuti maposi blot adzorwe ne 7 p.m. paZuvara reEcostation (zvino vaigona kugamuchirwa mazuva mashanu gare gare gare kana vakaiswa paProto neZunition). Mumwe mutemo unorambidza vakuru vakuru vakuru vanobva mukutumira posi vasingazvipiwirwi (kudziri zvenguva dzose).

Mune nharo huru, Arizona akapfuudza mutemo muna 2022 unoda chibvumikiso chougari hwemo nokuda kwokuvhota kwose, kubatanidza sarudzo yehurumende, pasinei zvapo nomutemo wehurumende (National Voter Brigiodition Act) uyo unoda bedzi kutaura kwakapikirwa kwokuwana kwehurumende. Kubvira pakutanga kwe 2025, Dare Gurusa reU. harina kutonga nenzira yakananga paiyi rwisano, richisiya Arizona iri munyika yetsika yapamutemo. Hurumende inewo nhau inokakavadzana yokuvhotera kubva mundandanda yokuvhotera kana vakakundikana kuvhota muvhota mbiri dzinotevedzana, muitiro wakadenhwa mudare.

Nei Tichifanira Kugadzirisa Matambudziko Aya

Kana vagari vemo vakakodzera vakabviswa kana kuti vakasarudzirwa kuvhota, kuvhota kunovapo hakumiriri mhatsa yakazara yemafungiro evanhu. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kumitemo inofuratira zvinodiwa nenzanga dzakaderedzwa uye inoderedza kuvimba kwevanhu muhurumende.

Nzvero yakaratidza nguva dzose kuti kubvisa mhinganidzo kunowedzera kutora rutivi. Somuenzaniso, fundo yakaitwa neTexas Lyceum yakawana kuti kufutunuka kwokuvhota kwapakuvamba uye kuringaniswa muTexas sezvingabvira kwaizowedzera purofiti pakati pavavhoti vaduku navaduku. Nenzira inopesana, chibvumikiso chinoganhurira chetengi yeArizona, kudai chakanga chaitwa zvizere nokuda kwesarudzo dzehurumende, chingadai chakadzivisa vavhoti vanofungidzirwa kuva 200 000 vakakodzera pakubhalisa, mukuwirirana nomushumo wakaitwa noMunyori wehofisi yeHurumende yeArizona.

Ndyiko dzemari nedzenzanga dzokuparadzana dzinoonekawo. Nzanga dzine vavhoti vakaderera dzinokombamira kugamuchira ngwariro shoma yehurumende uye zviwanikwa zvishoma nokuda kwezvikoro, zvirongwa, uye tarisiro youtano. Kuvhota munhu ari wose haisati iri nhau bedzi yokururamisira asiwo yokudzora kunobudirira.

Kuchinja Kwaizoitwa uye Kugadzirisa Kwazvingaita

Vagadziri vemitemo nevatsigiri vemitemo vakaona kuti pane kuchinja kwakasiyana - siyana kunogona kuita kuti vanhu vasarudze pasina kuisa kuvimbika kwesarudzo.

  • Zvinoshanda panzvimbo imwe chete Voter Explogion (AVR) - Apo vagari vemo vanobata pamwe namasangano ehurumende (umh., DMV, masangano anzanga), kunyoresa kwavo kunogadziriswa muchadenga kutoti vasarudza. AVR yakatenderwa kuwedzera mwero yokunyoresa pa10/20% munyika dzakakuita.
  • Hapana kukumbira kukumbira kupiwa kwematsamba naMamvumo yapamberi - Kubvumira vavhoti kukanda marobhoti pamberi poMusi Wekusarudza pasina chikonzero chakananga chinoderedza kuwanda munzvimbo dzokuvhota uye mawiro epurogiramu dzakasiyana- siyana. Manyika anofanirawo kugovera mabheroroko okudzosera kwakakwana kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti mabharakiti etsamba ari nyore kudzoka.
  • Same-Zuva reReligion – kubvumidza kunyoresa paZuva rorusando (kana kuti mukati mokuvhota kwapakuvamba) kunodzivisa vagari vemo vakakodzera kudzoswa kupfurikidza nokupotsa nguva. United States yakanyoreswa zuva rimwe chetero nguva dzose ine kunyoresa kwakakwirira zvikuru.
  • [[NHAU:0] .Inogonawo kuisa murau weVoter weMitemo - Panzvimbo pezvinodikanwa zvemapikicha zvakasimba, masangano anogona kugamuchira ruwara rwakafara rwezvizivikanwo zvezvishandiso, kubatanidza mabhiri ezvishandisiro, zvitatiso zvebhangi, kana kuti zvitsama zvemari yevadzidzi. Vanogonawo kuisa mari mukuita kuti zvishandiso zvapachena zviwane nokugovera masuti ezvitaira kana kuti kutambanudza maawa eDMV.
  • [ Kuisa mari yePolling Places nePoll Work Works - Pfuma inokwana inogona kuderedza nguva dzokumirira, kunatsiridza kuwanika kwevoti vakaremara, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti nzvimbo dzokuvhota dziripo nenzira yakakodzera. mari yeyatiro pasi peHIVA inogona kubetsera, asi masangano anofanirawo kuisa ikoku mumugariro wakarongwa wemari.
  • Language Alters and Transformation - Kufutunuka Chikamu 203 kumitauro yakawanda nemasimba, uye kugovera rovedzo nokuda kwavashandi vanovhota mumitauro yakasiyana, kunogona kubetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti mutauro hausati uri mhinganidzo kukuvhota.
  • Kudzorwa kweKodzero - Uniteds kuti kuputsa zvechigarire vanhu vane zvitendero zvemhosva kunofanira kupfuurira kudzorerwa kwokuzviitikira pakupedzwa kwomutongo, kubatanidza faindi yose nemitero, sorutivi rwomuitiro wokudzokerazve.

Zvakawanda zvezvinjo izvi zvine tsigiro yebipartisan pamwero womunzvimbomo. Somuenzaniso, Utah, nyika tsvuku yakatenderwa nenzira inotenderwa netendero yezuva rimwe chetero yakabva kuvakuru vakuru vesarudzo. Oklahoma haipi ufakazi hwevhota uye haina kuona ufakazi hwenhema dzakapararira. Chinokosha kuisa ngwariro pamhinduro dzinoshanda, dzinosimbiswa dzinosimbisa purota apo inochengetedza chengeteko.

mhedziso

Kunzvera denho kukuwana vhoti munyika dzakasiana - siana kunoratidza nzvimbo isina kurongeka zvikuru umo kodzero yokuvhota inoumbwa nejogirafi, mari, dzinza, uye mutauro. Nepo dzimwe nyika dzakagamuchira mitemo inoita kuti kuvhota kuve nyore, dzimwe dzakaita mhinganidzo dzinotapura nomutoo usingaenzaniswi vanhu vanoderedzwa. Muuyo ihurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inoshanda nenzira yakapfava zvikuru nokuda kwavamwe kupfuura nokuda kwedzimwe.

Kugadzirisa iyi mhatsa kunoda zvose zviri zviviri chiito chenzvimbo yapamusoro yehurumende nokutarisira kwehurumende. The For the People Act (H.R. 1 muDare rechi 117) yakakarakadza mipimo yorudzi nokuda kwokunyoresa kwomuvhoti, kuvhota kwapakuvamba, uye kuvhota, asi yakadzorwa muDare. Kusvikira mutemo wakakwana wakadaro wapfuura, vatsigiri vanofanira kupfuurira kurwisa nyika nehurumende kukudza kusvika, kudzidzisa muvhoti, uye kuchengeta vatongi vesarudzo vachizvidavirira.

Munhu wose akakodzera anokodzera kuvhota nenzira yakanaka, yakakodzera, uye yakachengeteka yokukanda nayo pepa ravo rokuvhota.