Table of Contents

Kudzika Mumitemo Yehurumende Yakazarurwa

Mitemo yokuratidzira, inozivikanwa serusununguko rwamashoko (FOI) inoita kana kuti kusvika kumashoko (TEAI) igadziriro dzemitemo dzinopa vagari vemo kodzero yokunzvera nokuwana makopi ezvinyorwa zvinoitwa nemvumo. Iyi mitemo inochinja chimiro chenguva dzose chehurumende kubva pachivande kusvika pakuvandika, kuvamba basa repamutemo kuti masangano azivise mashoko okuzivisa kutoti kushata chaiko. Nheyo yacho ndeyokuti mashoko ehurumende ndeevanhu, uye mutoro uri pahurumende kururamisa, kwete pavagari kuti varatidze kuti vanofanira kuaona.

Mitemo yazvino uno yokuratidza inowanzoita kuti kuonekwe kuve kurayira kwapakarepo,() kukumbira masangano emashoko akati kuti agare achibudisa pasina kumirira chikumbiro(8; apa kukumbira). Inogadzirawo mitumbi yakasununguka inotarisira, yakadai semiteve yemashoko kana kuti mahofisi emashoko, kugakava uye kuteererwa. Nyika dzinopfuura 120 dzakagamuchira rumwe rudzi rwemitemo yeFOI, dzichiratidza kuzivikanwa kwakapararira kuti vagari vemo vanoziviswa ndivo chiteshi chehurumende inozvidavirira.

Zvisinei, kushanda kwehurumende ipi neipi yeFOI kunotsamira pakugadzira kwayo, kuita, uye kugamuchirwa kwetsika muhurumende. Zvinhu zvakadai sokudividzwa kwechikamu, kudzorwa kwevasina kubvumirwa, kukurumidza kwezvikumbiro, uye kuzvimirira kwemiitiro yokukwidza zvose zvinotema kana mutemo uchipa simba vagari vemo kana kuti unoramba uri tsamba yakafa.

Basa Risingataurwi reMitemo Yokuona Zvakatipoteredza Munzanga Yechidhimoni

Mitemo yokuratidza mamiriro ezvinhu haisi yokungotarisira chete asi sezvishandiso zvoutano hwehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu.

Kuzvidavirira Nokutarisira

Pamwero mukurusa, mitemo yokuoneka inosunda vakuru vakuru vehurumende kuita sokunge zvisarudzo zvavo zvichanzverwa. Iyi ikoku “kushanda kwapamberi pezvisakiso zvikuru mukurwisana kana kuti mufambiro wokuzvimirira. Apo vashumiri, vashandi vomunyika, uye masangano vanoziva kuti zvibvumirano, nyorerano, uye mabasa omukati zvinodzorwa nokusunungurwa, sezvingabvira zvikuru zvinotevera miitiro yakafanira, kudzivisa rwisano dzefariro, uye nyora nenzira yokutendeseka. Vatori venhau, mishumo, uye vaoni veNGOS vanovimba neFOI zvikumbiro zvokufukura marara, kunyengera, uye kushatisa zvisina kufanira mari yapambwa kukuvadziko dzakavanzwa.

Kutora Rutivi Runozivikanwa Kwavose

Democracy inoda zvinopfuura sarudzo dzenhambo nenhambo; inoda kuti ipfuurire, kuvimbisana kworuzivo. Mitemo yokuona mativi azvo inoita kuti vagari vemo vapinzwe nemashoko anodikanwa kuyera zvikarakadzo zvemitemo, funganyo dzakakanganiswa, uye inoparira zvine revo kukurukurirano dzavose. Somuenzaniso, nzanga inorangarira chirongwa chitsva chokuronga nyika inogona kukumbira fundo dzezvirongwa zvemotokari, mirangariro yemhoteredzo, uye maminiti okusangana kunzwisisa kushaikwa kwemashoko akadaro. Pasina kuwana mashoko akadaro, kutora rutivi kunova kusina maturo .

Vimba Nevamwe uye Kuteerera Mutemo

Trust in government has eroded in many democracies. Transparency is a partial antidote. When governments voluntarily disclose information and respond openly to requests, they signal that they have nothing to hide. Over time, this openness can rebuild legitimacy, especially after scandals or crises. Conversely, secrecy breeds suspicion; citizens assume the worst when information is withheld. A transparent government can demonstrate that it is acting in the public interest, thereby earning the social license necessary for effective governance.

Kudzivirira Uori Nokuwana Unyengeri

Uori hunobudirira murima. Mitemo yokuratidzira inovhenekera chiedza pamabudiro esimba ravose nemari yomunhu oga. Kuiswa kweminyorero inobetsera yesimba ravose, zvibvumirano zvavose, mipiro yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye zviziviso zvepfuma zvinogoneswa navakuru vakuru vose. Masangano akafanana neTransparency International anoisa nyika dzine mitemo yakasimba inopinza kumashoko seyakashata zvishoma. Kubvumirwa kwapamutemo kukumbira mashoko kunobvumira vafemberi kubudisa ufakazi pasina kutya kutsiva, achiziva kuti mutemo unodzivirira kuzivikanwa kwavo nechikumbiro icho chimene.

Mativi Anokosha Anoita Kana Kuti Anoputsa Mutemo Unoratidza Zvakati twasu

Kunyange zvazvo mitemo yeFOI ichisiyana - siyana, zvimwe zvinhu zviri munyika yose zvinoratidza hurumende inobudirira.

Kodzero Yokusvika Pasina Kudikanwa Kwokururamiswa

Mutemo wakasimba wokuona zvakajeka unotaura kuti munhu upi noupi((chizen kana kuti kwete) angakumbira mashoko kubva kuboka ripi neripi revoruzhinji pasina kutsanangura chikonzero nei vachidaro. Ikoku kunobvisa mhinganidzo dzakafanana nokuda "fariro inodzoreka" kana kuti kuomerera pakuva mugari, uko dzimwe hurumende dzinodzvinyirira dzinoshandisa kuganhurira zvikumbiro.

Chenesa Ukuru Nebutiro Rakafara

Mutemo unofanira kufukidza mapazu ose ehurumende(apoka, anotonga, uye anotonga)(8) pamwe chete namabhizimisi ehurumende, mitumbi inogamuchira mari yavose, uye masangano avanhu oga anoita mabasa avose. Kunyora mapoka ose, akadai samasangano akangwara kana kuti hofisi yomukuru mukuru, kunogadzira nzvimbo dzakachengeteka dzokuvanza.

Zvine Mwero Chaizvo, Zvine Mwero

Njodzi dzinofanira kuva shoma, dzakajeka, uye dzinoiswa pamuedzo wefariro yavose. Kuregeredzwa kwapamutemo kunowanzobatanidza chengeteko yorudzi, kuva woga, kuvandika kwokutengeserana, uye miitiro yomukati inobvisa maruramiro. Zvisinei, mitemo isina kusimba inowanzobatanidza kusava nemhosva kukuru se "fariro yenyika yose" kana kuti "kubudirira kwehurumende," inogona kushatiswa kuti inyiwe chinenge chinhu chipi nechipi. Mutemo wakasimba unoda masangano kuti abvumikise kuti kuzivisa kuchaparira "kuvadziko yakakwirira" uye kuti kuvadziko iyi inopfuura fariro yavose mukujeka.

Nguva Dzinopedza Kufunga Nemiviri Yakanaka

Pasina miganhu, zvikumbiro zvinogona kupera nokusingaperi. Mitemo inoshanda inoraira miganhu yenguva yakaganhurirwa nemazuva anoshanda 15 kusvikira ku 30 (ane zvirango zvokunonoka). Vakadzi vanofanira kuganhurirwa kundyiko dzemitengo inoganhurirwa kumitengo inoganhurirwa kumitengo yokubereka; kubhadharisa kunzvera kukuru kana kuti kuhwirudzura zvinorambwa nenzira inobudirira. Mimwe mitemo inoshanda zvakanakisisa inopa muripo wemipiro yezvikumbiro nokuda kwefariro yavose.

Kutarisira Kwomunhu Oga uye Kukwirira Kwakasimba

Mutemo wokuona wakasimba bedzi sokushanda kwawo. Mumiririri wemashoko akazvimirira kana kuti mumiririri ane masimba okunzvera zvichemo, kuzivisa nhevedzano, uye masangano akaisvonaka asingatsigiri kunokosha. Kukwirira kunofanira kuva kwakasununguka kana kuti kwakaderera uye hakufaniri kukumbira gweta. Mumiganhu mizhinji, zvisarudzo zvomumiririri ndezvokupedzisira, zvinodzokororwa bedzi nehwirudzuro yedare.

Mirangariro Yenyika Yose: Kusiana Kunoita Mitemo Yokuona Zviri Nani Munyika Yose

Kuongorora mienzaniso inotungamirira uye inononoka kunoratidza kushanda kwegadziriro yepamutemo, pasinei zvapo nenheyo dzakagoveranwa, kuzadzika kwezvinoitwa nenyika kunochinja zvinoshamisa.

Sweden: Piona Worusununguko

Sweden Freedom of the Press Act (1766] imutemo wekaresa wekuoneka. Yakagadza kodzero yebumbiro remitemo yokupinda kuzvinyorwa zvapamutemo uye kurambidza kunzvera. Nhamba yakarevesawo Sweden yakatanga nheyo ye defiglighetchincipen[ [nheyo yokuwana pachena], inoshanda kuzvinyorwa zvose zviri zviviri uye kumatare. Iyi tsika yakadzika inoreva kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru veSweden havawanzodzivisa kuzivisa zvikumbiro, uye gadziriro inoshanda nokutevedzesa.

India: Kupa Vagari Vemo Simba Nokusatevedzera Mutemo

India’s Act (2005) ndiimwe yedzine simba zvikurusa munyika iri kubudirira. Inoshanda kuzviremera zvose zvavanhu pakati, hurumende, uye mwero yomunzvimbomo, inobatanidza mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kuisa miganhu yenguva yakakomba. Ruvara rwayo rutsva zvikurusa igadziriro ye [[FLT]]] [_FURT]] ZVINOGONGORORO zvinogona kukwidza vakuru vakuru vose vakaisvonaka kusvikira kundikano kana kuti kunonotsa kusina mhaka. Iyi nzira yokuzvidavirira yakashandura mufambiro weIndia inochinja mamiriro ezvinhu evarombo uye yakasimbiswa namamirioni vagari vemo kuti vade maruramiro avo.

United States: FAIA ALC

U.S. Freedom of Information Act (1966) ibwe renheyo yehurumende yeAmerica asi yazova yakanyanyoremedzwa. Nepo ichida kuti kuzivisa kuitike uye inoda masangano kupindura mumazuva 20 okushanda, chokwadi ndechokuti zvikumbiro zvizhinji zvinotarisana namakore okunonoka nemhaka yezvipingamupinyi negadziriro yokurega kunyoresa. Kushata kukuru kwechisimba i "ropafadzo yokudzivirira basa renyika," iyo masangano anowanzoshandisa kudzivirira kurukurirano dzemitemo. FOIA Reformation Act yehrect ye 2016 yakasimbisa kudzorwa kwapamutemo, asi kuita kunoramba kuri kusina kufanira.

China: Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka Pasina Kuzvidavirira

China yakaita mitemo yayo paOpen Government Information (2008) sorutivi rwechinjo huru zvikuru dzokudzora. Nepo ichida masangano kubudisa mashoko akati ndokugamuchira zvikumbiro, mutemo unomanikidzirwa nokusasunungurwa kukuru nokuda kwe "zvakavanzika zvehurumende" uye kushaikwa kwoutariri hwakazvimirira. Muuyo kuva pachena kwokujeka uko kunoita zvishomanene kupa simba vagari vemo kana kuti kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vapiwe mubvunzo unobatira murairo weparadziro panzvimbo pokutarisira kwehurumende.

United Kingdom: Fariro Yavanhu Inoshatiswa

Dare reUK' Freedom of Information Act (2000)[FT:1] inoshanda kuzviremera zvinopfuura 100 000. Chinhu chakasiyana chinenge chirongwa chefariro yavose [[ nokuda kwokusapinda kwakati: kunyange kana mashoko akawira muboka ringagona kunyimwa, anofanira kusunungurwa kana fariro yavose mukuzarura kuvadziko. Mumiriri weNzve weNjereso akasimba, asi Vhingi yakaedzazve kubvisa kushatisa kusingabvumirwiswi chaiko nokuda kwechisarudzo chemari chomukati, kunyora rugwaro runobva kuvatsigiriri.

Zvinetso Mukushandisa: Chikonzero Nei Mitemo Yakanaka Ichikundikana

Kupa mutemo wokuona zviri pachena rutivi rwuri nyore. Kuita kuti ive basa kunoda kukurira mhinganidzo dzesangano dzakadzika nedzetsika.

Kuramba Tsika Muhurumende Yavatongi

Vashandi vehurumende vakawanda vakarovedzwa munguva yokuvanza uye vakaratidzwa setyisidziro kuchiremera chavo kana kuti mukurumbira. Vanganonoka noune kuita chiito, kukumbira kusunungurwa kwakafara, kana kuti kungofuratira zvikumbiro.Kuchinja iyi tsika kunoda rovedzo inopfuuridzirwa, utungamiriri hwakasimba huchibva kumusoro, uye gadziriro yokutarisira basa inotusa kutendeseka panzvimbo pokuranga zvikanganiso zvinoratidzirwa nokuziviswa.

Kushaya Kungwarirwa Uye Kubatwa Nevanhu

Vagari vemo vazhinjisa havazivi kuti vane maruramiro apamutemo okukumbira mashoko, kusataura nzira yokuashandisa nayo. Munyika zhinji, muitiro wekukumbira unoramba wakaoma, uchida kuzviisa pasi kwakanyorwa, rondedzero dzakananga dzemagwaro, uye pane dzimwe nguva kubhadharwa kwemibhadharo. Masangano enzanga avagari vemo akafanana ne 19 Kururama Kukuna maIntercurement[ uye mativi okuoneka omunharaunda anoita basa rinokosha mukudzidzisa vagari vemo uye kugovera yamuro yeprobo nokuda kwezvikumbiro zvakakwirira.

Kupindwa Muropa Nemisiyano Yehurumende

Kuronga zvikumbiro zveFOI itsarukana. Zvirongwa zvinofanira kuwana magwaro, kuahwirudzura nokuda kwokusada kunyoresa, zvikamu zvinotapurwa, uye mhinduro dzetsika. Muvatarisiri vemari, zvikurukuru pamwero yomunzvimbomo, kungasava nemukuru weFOI akatsaurirwa uye pasina bhajeti yokuchengeta zvinyorwa. Pasina purojekita mumagadziriro azvino uno okutarisira mashoko navashandi vakarovedzwa, kodzero kumashoko inova youmbidzika kuru panzvimbo pokushanda.

Kushandiswa Zvisina Kufanira Nevanokumbira

Vashomanene vavakumbiri vanoshandisa mitemo yeFOI kunetsa masangano nezvinodikanwa zvikuru, zvisinganangiswi kana kuti kudzokorora chikumbiro chimwe chetecho nokusingaperi. Nepo mhinduro isingafaniri kusekesa kodzero yapamutemo yokuwana, mitemo yakawanda zvino inobatanidza gadziriro dzokuramba zvikumbiro "zvisina mufungo" kana kuti "zvisina mufungo zvikuru". Kudzikamisa dzikamo pakati pokudzivisa kubatwa zvisina kufanira nokudzivirirwa idenho inopfuurira.

Miitiro Yakanakisisa Yokuita Kuti Kuona Zvakanaka Kuve Kusingachinji: Kubva Pakuchinja Kuenda Pakushanda

Kuti vasapfuura utera hwegadziriro dzakavakirwa pamikumbiro, hurumende navatsigiri vanofanira kushandisa mazano akabvumikiswa.

Zvinoshandiswa Pakugadzira Zvokudya Sezvisina Kurongwa

Gadziriro dzokuona dzinobudirira zvikurusa dzinoderedza kudikanwa kwezvikumbiro zvomunhu mumwe nomumwe kupfurikidza nokubudisa mashoko enguva dzose. Muitiro wakanakisisa ndowokuda kubudiswa kwemanyuko makuru: mabhajeti namazai anonyorwa, mapepa emari, mibhadharo yehurumende, mitauro yemisangano, mishumo yemhoteredzo, uye zviwanwa zvokunzvera. Data. naUK'S]data. uk inoratidzira kuti zvikamu zvemaidi zvakazaruka zvinogona sei kuchinja kuoneka kubva kuU.

Kutapurika kwe Zvekugadzirwa-kugadzirwa

Maturusi emagetsi anogona kuderedza zvikuru kusaita kworuvara. Zvikumbiro zvepaIndaneti zvinobvumira vagari vemo kupinza nokutumira zvikumbiro zvemikoto yekombiyuta, uye masangano okushandisa kudzora zvakanaka. Kudzidzira michina inogona kubetsera kuronga magwaro okuongorora kubuda, uye maturusi anogadzirwa neanoshanda anogona kukurumidzisa kugadzirwa. Unyanzvi hwokugadzirwa kwemakombiyuta se michina yemabhirikiticha yakavakirwa painyorerwa yakaderera [ nokuda kwemisoro yenyika nemvumo dzevoko dzinogovera mapepa asina kudzivirirwa. Zvisinei, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa nemagetsi iko: masangano anoshandiswa zvakashata anogona kuita mitengo mitengo mitsva yemitengo yakaderera kana kuti vakweguru.

Kusimbisa Utarisiri Nokumanikidzwa

Vamiririri vemishumo yemashoko vazvimiririre vanofanira kuva nemari yakakwana, vashandi, uye masimba emitemo zvokumanikidza kuzviisa pasi. Vanofanira kubudisa mishumo yegore negore pamusoro pebasa resangano, kuziva vatengesi vasingatsauri, uye kuva nechiremera chokuisa faindi inokosha. Office yeCanada yeInformation Commissioner inogovera muenzaniso unobetsera nesimba rayo rokuronga uye basa reombustsman.

Kusimudzira Tsika Yokusununguka

Hurumende dzinofanira kuisa murovedzo yeFOI yapamutemo nokuda kwavashandi vose vavagari vemo, kubatanidza mativi akaenzana mukunzvera basa, uye kuziva pachena masangano ane zvinyorwa zvetevedzero yomuenzaniso. Leadered pamwero wezvamatongerwe enyika yakakomba: apo vakuru vakuru navakuru vemasangano vanotsigira kusununguka, shoko racho rinodzika.

Kubatanidzwa Nenzanga Yehurumende Seshamwari

Kuona chitarisiko chinhu chinoshanda. Hurumende dzinofanira kubvunza vatsigiri vokuona nokujeka pakunyora kana kuti kunyora mutemo, kugovera zvipo nokuda kwepurogiramu dzeFOI, uye batira pamwe navatori venhau kugadzira nhungamiro dzinoshandiswa neshamwari. Masangano akadai se Avhura Hurumende inogovera gadziriro nokuda kwehurumende nenzanga kuti zviite pamwe chete kukuchinja kunooneka.

Kuongorora Vakodzeri: Mitemo Yokuona Zvinhu Yakajeka Inoshanda

Kuongorora zvinhu chaizvo zvakazoitika munyika kunoratidza kushanda kunoita mutemo wokuona kuti zvinhu zviri papi.

Nzira Iyo FOI Yakaratidzira Nayo Dambudziko Remvura Rakaoma

Muna 2014, vakuru vakuru veMichigan vakachinjira guta reFlint kurwizi rweFlint vasingashandisi matanho okudzora kutsvedzerera. Mishumo yakatevera yokushatiswa kwomutobvu yakadzingwa pakutanga. Vatengi vakashandisa Freedom of Information Act yeMichigan kuti vawane maemail, mabasa, uye kunwa mvura migumisiro yakaratidza kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende vaiziva nezvokusvibiswa asi vakanyima mashoko. FOIA-driven zvakatungamirira kumhosva dzoutsotsi, nyika yengozi, uye kugarwa kwe $600 000 000 000 000 (Z $4 000 000).

RTI Act yeIndia Namaruramiro Okudya

Chibvumirano cheIndia's Tract to Information Act chave chichishandiswa kufumura kuvhiringwa kwezviyo zvakagadzirirwa mhuri dzine urombo pasi peSangano rokuparadzira. Vatengi muRajasthan vakaisa zvikumbiro kuti vawane mhindi dzegove, ipapo vakaadzora panzvimbo inotemwa. Vakawana kubiridzira kwakapararira, kubatanidza kubatira zvipo uye zviyo zvinotengeswa pamusika webhuruu. Kuchema kwavose kunoguma nokuchinja zvinhu, kubatanidza kuiswa kwegadziriro yegadziriro neregimeometic . RTI Act yakashandura muitiro wemiitiro yemifungo kuva inogamuchirwa namano anoshandiswa nokuda kwamamirioni.

Transparency yeSweden namapepa ePanama

Mitemo yakasimba yokuona yeSweden yakaita kuti vatori venhau vakwanise kukurumidza kuwana zvinyorwa zvehurumende zvine chokuita nePanama Pepers inodzungaira. Mumazuva akati, vatori venhau veSweden vakashandisa magwaro ehurumende kuzivisa vagari vemo nenhau dzepamhenderekedzo yegungwa, kuzivisa zvirongwa zvokudzivisa mutero pakati pevatambi vebhizimisi navanopa mari yezvamatongerwe enyika. Kumhanya nokudzikama kwenzvero, kunoitwa kuti kubvire nokuwana nyore nyore kuzvinhu uye mapepa ebhizimisi, vachimanikidza hurumende kudzivisa mutemo unodzivisa kubhadhanyiswa netso.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi: Miitiro Yokubereka Mumutemo Unoratidza Zvakanaka

Kuchinja kwenzvimbo yokuona zviri kuitika kuri kuchinja nemhaka yokuchinja kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, kuchinja kwematongerwe enyika, uye kutarisira kwenzanga.

Kuona Zviri Pari Pachena kwemitemo Nokuzvidavirira

Sezvo hurumende dzichiwedzera kuisa maarutimende emitemo nokuda kwezvisarudzo pamusoro pekuzvidzora, garikano, mapurisa, uye kurovha, kune kudikanwa kunowedzera kwokuoneka muidzi "bhokisi rebhuraka". Mitemo mitsva yakafanana neEU's Act Intelligial Act [[ inoda kuziviswa kwemaidi okurovedza, pfungwa dzemuenzaniso, uye miraudzo yeta yemibato yezvishandiso. Norway neNetherlands zvakagadza mitemo inopa vagari vemo kodzero yokunzwisisa kuti zvisarudzo zvemitemo inotapura zviinoita. Muganhuro unotevera wokujeka hausi zvinyorwa chete asi bumbiro remitemo.

Kuona Musha Zvauri Kunobatsira

Chivande pamusoro pokuva namakambani ane zvomenemene, zvivi zvenzvimbo, uye nzvimbo zvinogonesa mari kubhadharwa, kusabhadharwa kwomutero, uye mari isiri yapamutemo. Mumhinduro, EU, UK, uye dzimwe hurumende dzakawanda zvino dzinoda kunyoresa kwavose kuvari vezvinhu zvinobetsera. Corporate Transparency Act (2021) inoraira kuti makambani ashuma varidzi vawo vanobetsera kuveri veCMALI. Idzi rudzi rutsva rwokuvarasisa rutsva ruchadzorevera mhaka yemari yepasi rose.

Kutonhora Kwemamiriro Okunze Nezvakatipoteredza

Kukurumidzira kwebasa romugariro wemhoteredzo kuraira kudikanwa kukuru kwokuziviswa kwemitemo yebhizimisi nebumbiro rehurumende, ngozi dzemamiriro okunze, uye kutapura mhoteredzo. Masimba eMosaltial paPrecial Dissom (TCFD) urongwa hwakasimbiswa navanodzora munyika yose. Mitemo yokusha muFrance neNew Zealand inoda kuti zvose zviri zviviri masangano evoruzhinji neevoga azivise zvirongwa zvokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze nemishumo yefambiro yemamiriro okunze. Kodzero yeNzvakapoteredza FOI iri kusimbiswa kufukidza mashoko ezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvokushatiswa kwemhepo, uye mashoko okugovera mashoko.

Kodzero Yechisiko Chose Kumashoko Sekodzero Yavanhu

Komiti yeSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzapasi Pose yekodzero dzavanhu yakasimbisa kuti kodzero yokuwana mashoko yakajeka muChikamu 19 che International paChibvumirano cheSangano reSangano reMarudzi paChiviko nePustia (rusununguko rwekutaura). Uku kupinza kuri kuwana mubatanidzwa: matare mumativi akasiyana- siyana akaziva kodzero yebumbiro remitemo yokuwana, achisunda hurumende kuti dziise mitemo yakasimba zvikuru kunyange pasina chiito chemitemo. Chimiro chiri kukuita kuti iratidzire kwete chete ropafadzo yomutemo asi kodzero inokosha yomunhu.

Kupedzisa: Kuona magetsi Setsika Inopfuurira, Hausi Mutemo Pamabhuku

Mitemo yokuratidza zvinhu inodiwa zvikuru nokuda kwehurumende yapachena, asi haisati iri yokuzviparadza. Mutemo unonyorwa papepa hauvimbi kuti mugari womumusha uri kure anogona kuwana gwaro rezita renhau renyika, kana kuti mutori wenhau anogona kuwana chibvumirano chetsoropodzo chisati chapera chirongwa. Mukaha pakati pechipikirwa chapamutemo uye muitiro ndewokunoitika kukundikana kukuru kwokuona. Kuisa mukaha kunoda kudiwa navanhu vose, nzanga yakangwarira, matare ehurumende ane unyanzvi uye anotarisira zvakanaka, uye kuchinja chapachokwadi muhurumende kuti ione kujeka sesimba panzvimbo pokushatambira.

Sezvatinonyura zvikuru muzera ramashoko, mubvunzo hausati uchisiri kana hurumende dzichifanira kuva dzinooneka, asi nzira yokugadzira nayo gadziriro idzo dzinoita kuti kuoneka kwokuoneka kuve kwokuzvigadzira, kusvikika, uye kugoneka kushanda. Nyika dzinobudirira dzichava idzo dzinobata kuoneka kwete somutoro unotevedzerwa asi somubato mukuru unodzora (wechipiri unovaka chivimbo, unopa simba vagari vemo, uye pakupedzisira dzinoita kuti hurumende ishande zviri nani nokuda kwomunhu ari wose.