Simba Rechikumbiro: Kuchinja Kunoita Nhimbe Dzinoitirwa Vagari Vomunyika

Zvikumbiro zvakashanda kwenguva refu sechinhu chikuru chokuvimbisana kwehurumende, zvichipa vagari vemo mutoo wakarongeka wokupinza nawo kukumbirwa kwevanhu kuita zvematongerwe enyika. Nepo chikumbiro choga chisingawanzotsivi hurumende kana kuti kunyorazve mutemo, basa rinobudirira zvikurusa sezvinowedzera: zvinonyandura murangariro wavose, zvinokwezva kuongororwa kwezvinobudisa nhau, uye zvinoita kuti pave nemhoteredzo yezvamatongerwe enyika apo kusabudirira kusingachinjiki. Nyaya ino inonzvera fundo dzenhau dzinoverengeka apo chikumbiro chakarongwa chakarongwa chakabatsira zvakananga kugadziridza mamiriro ezvinhu ane retsika mumativi ose emhoteredzo, edzidzo, ezvoutano, uye mamwe masangano.

Muenzaniso mumwe nomumwe unoratidzira mutoo wakarovedzeka: chinodikanwa chakajeka, chinogoneka; kuunganidza kwakafara, kwomubatanidzwa; kushandiswa kwakarongwa kwamashandisirwo emichina namagamuchidzanwa; uye dzvinyiriro inopfuurira iyo inochinja zvamatongerwe enyika.

Muitiro Wemhoteredzo: Nhimbe Yokuponesa yeArctic

Muna 2013, mubatanidzwa unobatanidza Greenpeace nenzanga dzemo dzeArctic wakatanga chikumbiro chokuti “Sara muganhu weArctic”, uchiraira kudzorwa kwokuchera oiri nemibato yeindasitiri munharaunda yeArctic. Chikumbiro, chakaiswa muzvikuva zvakawanda, chakaunganidza nokukurumidza zvisaini zvinopfuura mamiriyoni maviri munyika yose. Chakava chinhu chikuru chenhimbe yaibatanidza chiito chakananga, zviteshi zvenhau (zvakadai sevatsigiri vezvokukwidza mafuta), uye zvitsigiro zvepamusoro zvepeti.

Nguva yenhimbe yacho yakanga iri yakanaka: Makambani eoiri akadai seShell ne Statinal (zvino Equinor) akanga achigadzirira kunzvera nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhenderekedzo dzegungwa munharaunda dzinotapukira, uye European Union yakanga ichirangarirazve muitiro wayo weArctic. Chikumbiro chakapa chiratidzo chakajeka chokuti vavhoti muEurope yose vakashora zvakasimba ngozi dzekurasika kweoiri mumvura inotsvuka muchadenga. Mumhinduro, [[FLT:] EURON] Palameter yakapfuudza chisarudzo muna 2014[FL:1] kukumbira chirambidzo paArctic oil kuchera mafuta uye kusikwa kwenzvimbo tsvene yakadzivirirwa kumativi ose okuNorth Pole. Nepo chisarudzo chacho chakanga chisina kugadzira, chakaendesa hurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika uye chakatungamirira kugamuchirwa kwezvirongwa zvezvakapoteredza zvenguva yemberi nokuda kwekugadzira.

Mukati mamakore mashomanene, makambani makuru eoiri akaderedza kana kuti kurega zvirongwa zvavo zveArctic, achidudza zvose zviri zviviri zvinhu zvemari nokusaziva mamiriro ezvinhu. Chikumbiro chacho chakanga chisiri chisakiso bedzi, asi chakaparira dzvinyiriro yavose yakaita kuti kuve kunodhura kwehurumende kuti ipe mvumo. Muna 2017, hurumende yeCantadia yeMandaddy inogonawo kuisa mamiriro ezvinhu ezera mashanu [ paapo yeArctic eoil efolse, kuraira zvakananga kwechirongwa chehurumende.

Kuchinja Dzidzo: Chikumbiro Chinotsigirwa Nedzidzo

Muna 2018, mubatanidzwa wevabereki, vadzidzisi, uye varongi venzanga muWashington State vakatanga chikumbiro che “Dzimwe Mari yeZvikoro zveWashington”. Chikumbiro chacho chakarayira kuti mutezo wehurumende upedze musiyano wemari unoramba uchitsigira maruwa akapfuma nezvikoro zvomumaruwa nemumaguta. Nhimbe yacho yakawedzera nemhaka yokukangaidzika kwekuvimba kwehurumende nemitero yenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo, uko kwakaparira kubviswa kwezviuru zvemadhora omudzidzi mumwe nomumwe.

Varongi vakashandisa mubatanidzwa wekupingudza suo nesuo, zvinoitika zvakavakirwa pachikoro, uye kuzivisa kwesocial network. Mukati memwedzi mitanhatu, chikumbiro chakaunganidzwa zvisaini zvinopfuura 150 000 — nhamba inokosha nokuda kwenhau imwe yenyika. Nhimbe yacho yakabatanidzawo kubudisa nhau dzomunzvimbomo, uko kwakabudisa mishumo yokunzvera inosimbisa kupfuurira muzvikoro zvinobatira nzanga dzinowana mari shoma. Chikumbiro chacho chakapiwa kuCapitol muOlympia nembiri yakakweva zviuru.

Mumhinduro, mubatanidzwa weHurumende yeWashington wakapfuudza “ Kubudirira Mubasa reProfessing Act” muna 2019, ichiwedzera kupiwa mari neanenge mabhiriyoni US $2 [Z $2] anopfuura makore mana. Mutemo wakaderedza ukuru hwekirasi, wakakudza mapurogiramu okudzidza apakuvamba, uye wakagovera tsigiro yokuwedzera nokuda kwavadzidzi vanoshaiwa zvikuru. Chikumbiro chakaita kuti nhau yacho ive isingabviri kupfurikidza nokuratidzira kuti vavhoti pamitsetse yemapatuko yedzidzo pamusoro pedzidzo yavose. Yakagoverawo muganhu wakajeka wakajeka wetsigiro yetsigiro yavose apo vagadziri vemitemo vaigona kururamisa kukwira mutero kunodikanwa kuti itsigire mari yokuchinja.

Ichi chinoitika chinoratidzira kuti kukumbira kwenzvimbo yehurumende kunogona kuva kunobudirira zvikuru apo kunoda chinodikanwa chakananga, chinoyevedza ndokuvaka tsigiro yakafara yemidzi inokweva uswa — zvikurukuru apo nhau yacho inotova nekangaidziko yavose. Rukundo rwakakurudzirawo zvikumbiro zvakafanana mune dzimwe nyika dzinoparapatika nemari yechikoro.

Muitiro Wokutarisira Utano: Chikumbiro Chomushonga Chisingatani Kudziviswa

Kupfuudzira mitengo yemirimo inotenderwa pamutemo kwakava chitsama chikuru chemitengo yezvamatongerwe enyika muUnited States mukupera kwama2020. Muna 2020, boka ramapoka emurwere anodzorwa zvinodhaka kubatanidza “ Mitemo yeMirimo Inoshambadzwa” [ sangano rakatanga chikumbiro chenyika kuti Congress iite chiito chokukurumidza kuderera kwemitengo yemirimo. Chikumbiro chinodanwa zvakananga kuti Medicare kupfumisa mitengo yemirimo, kubvisa mari yepaipi, uye kubvumira kutengeswa kwemishonga inoshaidzwa kubva kuCanada.

Nhimbe yacho yakashandisa kushambadza kwemichina, nhimbe dzetsamba, uye zvikwata zvinobatanidza zvikwata kuti zviunganidze 400 000 siginicha [ mumwedzi mitatu. Yairatidzirawo uchapupu hwomunhu oga kubva kuvarwere vakamanikidzwa kugovera insulin kana kuti kupfuudza kurapa nekenza nemhaka yendyiko. Idzi nhau dzakaunganidzwa mushumo wakapiwa kunhengo iri yose yeImba neDare. Nguva yokukumbira yacho yaiwirirana nokuchema kukuru pamusoro pemari inotengwa neapo inodzorwa naanozoroma, ichiwedzera njodzi.

Nepo pasina mutemo mumwe wakapiwa waisvitsa zvizere zvikumbiro zvacho, nhimbe yacho yakaparira dzvinyiriro yakakwana yezvamatongerwe enyika kufambisira mberi matanho anoverengeka emitemo. Mukupera kwa2020, “ Druging Reduction Act. [ yakatangwazve muDare, kubatanidza zvinhu zvakadai sokunyunguruka kwemitengo nekepisi paMedicaras Consutution’s f’of-pective. Mukuwedzera, nyika dzinoverengeka dzakaita mitemo yadzoresa yemitengo yemirimo, yakafuridzirwa nechikumbiro nokuda kwokuzvidavirira kukuru. Chikumbiro chakabetserawo vatambirwi vakaita zvinodhaka zvinobudisa nhau huru, kuchinja nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika nokuda kwokuchinja ramangwana.

Chinoitika ichi chinoratidza kuti kunyange apo chikumbiro chinenge chisati chichiwana chinjo huru nokukurumidza, chinogona kuchinja kurukurirano ndokukurumidzisa fambiro mberi yemwero.

Kodzero Dzevashandi: Kukumbira Kunodzivirira Vashandi

Kukura kunokurumidza kwemari kwakaparira vashandi kubviswa zvikurukuru padziviriro dzegamuchidzanwa dzakadai somuripo wakaderera webasa, zororo rokurwara, uye inishuwarenzi yokusashanda. Muna 2019, mubatanidzwa wavatyairi vanotasva bhasi, vashandi vanopa, uye masangano avashandi akatanga “ Faig Gig” chikumbiro [ muCalifornia, ichiraira mutemo iwoyo wehurumende kunyoresa gig savashandi vane maruramiro okubetsera. Chikumbiro chakarangarira California Bill 5 (AB5).

Varongi vaishandisa mibatanidzwa yakavakirwa paapp, kuungana kwokutumira mashoko, uye mumashoko panhandare dzendege uye nzvimbo dzokupa kuti vaunganidze siginicha dzinopfuura 300 000 [. Nhimbe yacho yakataura kuti makambani echimbichi akanga achiwana mhindu kupfurikidza navashandi vaishambadzira zvitsama zvebetsero. Kukumbira kwacho kwakabatira sechishandiro chikuru kuratidzira kubatana kwevagadziri vemitemo vakanga vachipanikira kuti vashandi vazhinji vaida kurangarirwa savashandi.

Muna September 2019, California yakapfuura AB-5, ichisimbisa kuedza kwakakomba nokuda kwenzvimbo yokuzvimirira yokuvaka. Nepo mutemo wakatarisana nedenho dzapamutemo dzinotevera nemwero wapamutemo (Proclation 22) iyo yakahesvurwa makambani akavakirwa paapple, chikumbiro chacho chakanga chakakomba mukuvamba simba remitemo yemitemo. Chakabvumikisa kuti vashandi vaigona kuronga mune zvematongerwe enyika, uye chakagadza muenzaniso unoteverwa nemitemo yakafanana muNew York, Washington, uye nyika dzinoverengeka dzeEurope. Chikumbiro chakamanikidzirawo makambani okukurukura pachena, ayo vaimbodzivisa, uye kunyandura kurukurirano yorudzi pamusoro pedziviriro yemitengo.

Chidzidzo chiri pano ndechokuti zvikumbiro zvakananga zvezvikamu zvinogona kukurira nhauro yokuti vagadziri vebhizimisi vatsva vanoda marudzi matsva okushandisa zvisina kufanira. Kupfurikidza nokuchinja zvigumbu zvomunhu kuva chikumbiro chavose, chikumbiro chakachinja vatyairi navashandi vanotakura vachibva mumabasa akakamukana kuva simba rezvamatongerwe enyika.

Chiito Chokunze: Chinangwa 1.5°C uye Mutemo Wemamiriro Okunze eEU

Sezvo kutsutsumwa kwemamiriro okunze enyika yose kwakawedzera muna 2019, mubatanidzwa wemhoteredzo NGOS kubatanidza 350.org naShamwari dzePasi vakatanga chikumbiro chokukurudzira Europe Union kuti iise munyu munyu wemambure pachipfuro chepfuti panosvika 2050 uye 65% desity ne2030 mumutemo. Chikumbiro chakanzi REACMCEL – Act zvino, chakapiwa kuEurope Commission ine [[FLT:] 1] mamirioni.

Nhimbe yakavakirwa pasimba reChishanu nokuda kwechikwata chechikoro cheFuture neChivitizeko cheClimatic Conflideration. Chikumbiro chacho chakaparira murairo wakajeka wavose wemitemo yenzvimbo inoshuva, kuchikuita kuti kuve nyore zvikuru kuti maMEP anofambira mberi asundire nokuda kwezvinoiswa. Muna 2021, European Union igamuchire Media Climate Law [[, iyo yakagadza nharidzano inobatira pamutemo yekusatora rutivi rwemamiriro okunze panosvika 2050 uye kuderera kwe5% mukubudisa mambure mukubudisa zvinhu. Nepo chikumbiro che 65% yakaitwa chisati chaitwa zvizere, mutemo wacho wakabatanidza gadziriro yokuwedzera chido chokuda kupfumbarwa kwenzvimbo munguva inopera nguva inopera.

Nyaya iyi inoratidza kuti kukumbira kunogona kupesvedzera mitumbi yamarudzi ose kupfurikidza nokubvisa tsigiro yemitsetse miraudzo. Chikumbiro chakaratidzirwa sechipunzwa chekodzero yavagari vemo kupasi rine utano hwakanaka, kunyorwa kwakapesvedzera nharo dzapamutemo dzinotevera pamberi peEuropean Court of Human Rights. Kwakaratidzawo kuti mikumbiro inogona kutsigira zvimwe zvimiro zvechiito, ichigovera mwero unoenzana wetsigiro yavose iyo vagadziri vemitemo vasingagoni kufuratira.

Kudzora Pfuti: Kufamba Nokuda Kwokukumbira Upenyu Hwedu Nemitemo yeHurumende

Pashure pekupfura kwa2018 paMarjory Stoneman Douglas High School muParkland, Florida, vapukunyuki vavadzidzi vakaronga “ Nhimbe yoUpenyu Hwedu”, iyo yakabatanidza chikumbiro chinoraira nzvero dzekare dzapasi pose, kukwidziridza zera duku rokutenga pfuti kusvikira ku 21, uye kurambidza zvombo zvokudenha. Chikumbiro [[FLT:] chakaunganidzwa zvisaini zvinopfuura 800 000 mumwedzi wokutanga, chakagamuchirwa paChinjo.org.

Kudururwa kukuru kwavose — pamwe chete neMarch nokuda kwemisangano yeMiraramiro Yedu yakakweva mamirioni munyika yose — kwakaparira dzvinyiriro isingaenzaniswi pahurumende navanogadzira mitemo. Nepo Congress isina kupfura mutemo wehurumende wokunzvera, chikumbiro nechiito chakabatana zvakabetsera zvakananga kupfuudzwa kwemitemo yekotsekano yepfuti inopfuura 50 yehurumende yekotsekano yepfuti muna 2018 moga], kubatanidza mitemo mitsvuku yeflag, yakavandudza kunzvera kwechiteve, uye kumirira Florida imene yakapfuudza Marjory Stonel Stones High School Publicture Safety Act, iyo yakamutsa kutengwa kwezera repfuti yezvitomu zvinorambidzwa, uye yakaita nhambo yokumirira.

Nyaya iyi inoratidza kuti kukumbira kunoitwa kuti pave nepurogiramu dzakananga dzemitemo kunogona kuita kuti pave nemigumisiro inooneka kunyange kana nyika ikaramba ichingoramba ichingoramba ichiteerera.

  • Key inoenda: A chikumbiro chakananga, chokudzokororwa kwemirangariro chinogona kuparira chinjo dzetsika dzehurumende munhandare yezvamatongerwe enyika inokakavara.
  • [[[FT:0] Isita yeBP:[[FT:1] [[FLT:]NPR: Hurumende nehurumende: Kutarira mitemo yepfuti yapfuudzwa chifo chapaParkland

Kusatora Rutivi Kwenyika: Kuchengeta Chikumbiro cheInternet

Muna 2017, Federal Commissions (FCC) yeUniversity Ajit Pai yakakarakadza kudzosa mitemo yokusatora rutivi kuseri kwemajeri yaidzivisa vapanhengedzero yeInternet kuvharanisa kana kuti kuisa zviri mukati. Mumhinduro, boka reAdvocacy ] FLT yakagadzira “ regaii Indaneti"[[[FT:3]] kukumbira kuti zvisainirwe [[FT:] zviri mamirioni 2,5] mukati memazuva. Kukumbira kuti FC ichengete Indaneti Indaneti Indaneti 2015.

Pasinei zvapo nenhamba yenhau yezvisaini, FCC yakavhota muna December 2017 kutorazve kusatora rutivi kwemabato. Zvisinei, chikumbiro chacho chakava nesimba renguva refu: chakaunganidza mamirioni avanhu vakapfuurira kumanikidza Congress. Mumwedzi yakatevera, hurumende dzinoverengeka dzakapfuudza mitemo yavo vamene yokusatora rutivi kwemambure, uye chikumbiro chacho chakabetsera tsigiro yavose nokuda kwe “ Saidza Indaneti Act” muImba yaVamiriri, iyo yaipfuura mu 2019 asi yakadzorwa muDare. Chikumbiro chakagoverawo kuva chokusatora rutivi rwapameso munhau inoumbwa mujambwa ye 2020, naPrententeererer aDériciant FCC yakaitwa kudzorera mitemo.

Kunyange zvazvo chikumbiro chacho chisina kudzivisa kudzokororwa, chakaparira kuwirirana kukuru uko vagadziri vemitemo vakagombedzera kudzokerazve nhau yacho. Muna 2024, FCC yakavhota kudzorera mitemo yokusatora rutivi kwemambure. Iyi nhau chiyeuchidzo chokuti zvikumbiro zvinogona kukunda hondo asi kukunda hondo kupfurikidza nokuvaka simba renguva refu rezvamatongerwe enyika.

Zvikarakadzo Zvokubudirira Mumutoo Wokukumbira: Zvinoziviswa Nezvidzidzo Zvenhau

Kuongorora zvirongwa izvi zvakasiyana - siyana kunoratidza nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzinoramba dzichiitwa dzinowedzera mukana wokuchinja maitiro.

Zvinodiwa Zvakajeka, Zvinoshanda

Chikumbiro chiri chose chinobudirira chaiva nechipfuro chaicho — nhamba yepepa, chiito chemitemo, kana kuti vhoti yemitemo.Vague anoraira kufanana ne “kuita chimwe chinhu pamusoro paX” chinowanzowana chiverengero. Chikumbiro cheArctic chakaraira presium; chikumbiro chemari yechikoro chinoda chitsama chakati chemadhora mumari yakawedzerwa yehurumende. Vaodhai vanofanira kuziva chaizvoizvo zvavari kukumbirwa kutsigira.

Chivako Chakakodzera Chenguva Yacho uye Chokuvaka Mari

Zvikumbiro zvinobudirira zvikurusa apo zvinowirirana namafafitera ezvamatongerwe enyika aripo — zvakadai serusando rwomutemo rwunomirira, nhambo yetsinhiro, kana kuti nhambo yeitiro hanya yavanhu yose yakawedzerwa (sepashure pengwavaira). nhimbe dzakanakisisa dzinovaka mibatanidzwa inopfuura vashingairi venguva dzose: vabereki, mapoka ebhizimisi, vatungamiriri vorudzidziso, uye vakakurumbira vakakudza kukwezverwa kwedzidzo, mugariro wokunze, uye kukumbira kudzora pfuti.

Kuparadzana Kwezviteshi Zvakawanda

Kukumbira kwatinonyanya kuita pafoni kana kuti paIndaneti kunenge kuri kutokwana. Kubudirira kukuru kunosanganisira kusaina siginicha dzepaIndaneti nokusaina zvinhu zvinobuda paIndaneti: misangano, zviitiko zvinobudiswa munhau, kushanya, uye uchapupu. Chikumbiro chevashandi chinoshandiswa pamashoko okutumira mashoko uye pakuungana kwenyama panzvimbo dzinotakurwa; chikumbiro chekunyorerana zvinodhaka chinotaura nyaya dzomunhu oga kuvaiti vemitemo.

Kubatanidzwa Kwenhau Nokushambadza

Nhimbe yeArctic yakashandisa zvipupuriro zvinoshamisa zvevatsigiri vaitsigira kugadzirwa kweoiri; chikumbiro chemari chechikoro chaisimbisa makirasi chaiwo akanga akashongedzwa.

Kupfuurira Nenguva Refu Zvinotevera

Nemhaka dzakawanda dziri pamusoro apa dzakatora makore kuti dziwane migumisiro. Chikumbiro chokusatora rutivi chapamubato hachina kumisa FCC repeal asi chakaisa fandesheni yokudzorera pakupedzisira. Varongi vokukumbira vanofanira kurangarira nhimbe yavo sorutivi rwekufamba kwenguva refu, kwete chiitiko chimwe chete. Kupfuurira kuvandudza vasaini, kuronda denho dzapamutemo, uye kutsigira vapamberi vanobatira pamwe kunotambanudza upenyu.

Mugumisiro: Basa Risingaperi Rezvikumbiro Musangano Rinosarudzwa Nehurumende

Kunyange zvazvo pasina chikumbiro chimwe chete chinogona kupedza zvinetso zvakaoma chete, kana chikabatanidzwa mugadziriro yakakura yedzidzo yavose, kubudisa nhau, uye chivako chesangano, zvinogona kuchinja magariro ezvamatongerwe enyika.

Munguva yokugadzira zvinhu, vagadziri vemichina vachinja, asi nheyo huru inoramba iripo: apo vagari vemo vakakwana vanotaura pamwe chete nechinodikanwa chakananga, chinoshanda, vanobva vachinja. Chingava chinangwa chacho chiri kudzivirira Arctic, kutsigira zvikoro, kuderedza mitengo yezvinodhaka, kana kuti kuchengetedza kodzero dzemichina, kukumbira kupa vanhu simba rokuita kuti masangano arambe achizvidavirira. Kukurudzira uye kutsigira kukumbira kurongwa hakusi unyanzvi chete — iko kudzivirira utongi hwakanaka, hunodavimbwa.