Kukosha Kwokuparadzira Mashoko

Munhambo umo munhuwo zvake akasangana nezviuru zvemashoko zuva nezuva (kubva pamisoro yenhau inogoverwa pamagariro avanhu kusunda zviratidzo kubva mupurogiramu dzenhau ) mano okuyera manyuko akachinja kubva paunyanzvi hunobetsera kuhunokosha. Ruzhinji rwamashoko, rwakabatanidzwa nekurumidziro yaanofamba, runoumba nzvimbo umo nhema dzinogona kupfuura maidi. Kubudisa nhau hakusati kuri bedzi kushandisirwa kwoungwaru; chimiro chokutora rutivi rwehurumende. Apo vanhu vanosanonzvera zvadzinorava, vanozvidzivirira vamene pakushandiswa, tsigiro yenhau yemitengo, uye kubetsera kuhurukuro yavose ine utano.

Mbavha hadzina kumbova dzakakwirira. Mistation inogona kuchinja mufambiro wavavhoti, kukudza mamiriro enyika, uye kunyange kuisa mungozi upenyu munguva dzengozi dzoutano hwavanhu vose. Muitiro wedemocracy unotsamira pamuvhota unogona kusianisa pakati pekushuma kwakavimbika namashoko anoparadzirwa. Pasina vanhu vakarovedzwa mukuyera kwapanyuko, hwaro hwokubvuma kwokuziva.

Kupiwa Simba Nokunzwisisa

Nzvero inokashanisa inopa vanhu simba rokudzora kudzora mashoko avo panzvimbo pokutora nokusangwarira maatomu api naapi kana kuti misoro yenhau inonyandura inoiswa pamberi pavo. Paunodzidza kubvunza vavariro dzetsime, kunzvera chinyorwa charo chenhau, uye kuyera kutaura kwacho, unobva pakuva mutengi wenhau kusvikira kukutora rutivi kwokushingaira muzvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo. Uku kusimba kunoderedza funganyo nevhiringidziko nemhaka yokuti hauchadi hako kuvimba nemirangariro yomudumbu kana kuti kuita kwemirangariro. Panzvimbo pezvo, une mutoo wakarongwa wokusarudza chiri chakavimbika. Masangano eDziroshiciation, mapoka enzanga, uye purogiramu dzokurovedza basa zvinoziva kuti kurava nokunyora mashoko hakudikanwi nokuda kwoupenyu hwazvino uno.

Kuzvidavirira Kwemasangano Enhau

Apo vateereri vanoda kuoneka nokuoma, masangano enhau anopindura. Muitiro wokuyera manyuko unoparira dzvinyiriro yemipimo yakakwirira. Mapepanhau, vatepfenyusi, uye mabudi emichina izvo zvinobudisa nguva dzose zvinosanosasaiswa, idiochess anoshumwa kuwana kuvimbika, nepo ayo akacheka makona kana kuti anoparadzira mashoko asina kujeka anoramba akavimbika. Uku kuzvidavirira kunosimbisa kutendeseka kwenhau muboka renhau. Kuyera kwapasi kunosimbisa kuperera kwamashoko muboka renhau. Kupa maturusiro akadai se News Gudge na[FLT] [D:] Medias Bias/Fct Licce[Flct:] Zvino mwero wezvibvumirano zvenhau, kupa maturuko avose kuti achengeterwe mashoko.

Kuziva Kuti Munhu Aiva Mugari Wemo Asingadi Umwari

Vanhu vakasanozivikanwa havasi chinhu choumbozha; chinodikanwa nokuda kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inoshanda. Vagari vasingagoni kutsauranisa zvokwadi nengano pamusoro pavadaviri, mitemo, kana kuti nhau dzenzanga. Magniformation anoputsa chikonzero chinodikanwa nokuda kwehurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Kupfurikidza nokunzvera nguva dzose, vanhu vanogadzira mepu yakavimbika yendangariro yenzvimbo dzemashoko, inovagonesa kupinda mukurukurirano ine revo uye kutora rutivi muupenyu hwevagari vemo nechivimbo. Chikamu ichi chinonzvera chikonzero nei chaunga chinopinza mumibayiro mukutonga, nzanga, uye kuvimba mumasangano.

Kutapura Kunoita Mashoko Asina Kunaka

Kunzwisisa zvakazara zvakunoita kunokosha kuti tiedze kuramba tichiedza kurwisa kukanganisa kwacho.

Kujekesa uye Kuparadzaniswa Kwehurukuro

Imwe yetapuro dzinonyengera zvikurusa dzenhema mano adzo okuparadzanisa vanhu. Mukutaura kwakarurama kazhinji kazhinji kunonyandura mirangariro, iyo inonyandura mirangariro yokusimbisa: vanhu vanotsvaka ndokudavira mashoko ayo anosimbisa mirangariro yavo isati yavapo. Mitemo yezviteshi zvemagariro zvenzanga inowedzera iyi tapuro kupfurikidza nokupa vashandisi zvinowirirana nezvinodiwa nezvinofarirwa zvavo uye kudziviswa kwakapfuura, kugadzira nzvimbo dzokufambisa mashoko. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvi zvinobvumiranwa zvinokuita zvinokuita kuti kuve kwakaoma kuti vanhu vabvume mirangariro inopesana, uye zvinotaura zvechokwadi zvinodikanwa nokuda kwekurukurirano yehurumende inopesana. Munzanga inosanonakirwa yezvinyorwa zvinogona kurambwa sechinyakare.

Ngozi Dzoutano Hworuzhinji Nekuvadziko Chaiyoiyo Yenyika

COVID-19 yakaratidzira kuti mashoko enhema anogona kuva chinetso choutano chavanhu nokukurumidza sei. Kutaura kwenhema pamusoro pokurapa, nhomba, uye nzira dzokupfuudzira dzakatungamirira vanhu kuramba zano rezvokurapa rakabvumikiswa, zvipatara zvakawanda uye zvinouraya. Nenzira yakafanana, kunyora kunodzivisa kugadzirwa kwemishonga kwakaparira kutanga kwezvirwere zvinodzivisika segwirikwiti. Ndyiko yemari yemashoko ezvoutano inofungidzirwa mumabhiriyoni ezvoutano kuti yave kuderera, kuwedzera kwezvipatara, uye kufa kusati kwasvika nguva. Kupera kwoutano, mashoko asina kururama pamusoro pekudziya kwemamiriro ezvinhu emisi yepasi pose, uye nhau dzenhema pamusoro pekutendeka kwesarusarudzo dzinokanganisa kutenda mumashandiro ehurumende.

Kuderera Kwokuvimba Mumasangano

Kuratidzirwazve kumashoko enhema kana kuti anotsausa (kunyange pamusoro pezvamatongerwe enyika, sayenzi, kana kuti mari) kunovimba kwete bedzi muzvinobudisa nhau asi mumasangano ose anotsamira pachivimbo chavanhu: hurumende, mayunivhesiti, masangano, uye mazai emiuyo. Apo vanhu vasingagoni kubvumirana pamaidi makuru, vanova vanopanikira uye havaiti. Ikoku kunozarura suo kurondedzero dzechirongwa cherondedzero nekurudziro zvehurumende. Kudzorera chivimbo kunoda kuzvipira kunotsigarira kukujeka, kuva kwechokwadi, uye dzidzo pamwero uri wose wenzanga.

Michina Yokuparadzira Mashoko Asina Kunaka

Kuti tinyatsoongorora zvinobuda munhau, zvinobatsira kunzwisisa kuti mashoko asiri iwo anopararira sei pakutanga.

Kusimbiswa Kwemitemo

Zvikamu zvemapepanhau zvenzanga zvakagadzirirwa kuvimbisana, kwete kururama. Maarufabheti azvo anoisa zvinhu zvinoparira kudhurowa, kugoverana, uye tsinhiro (//nemashoko anoorora kana kuti anotyiwa anowanzoita zviri nani kupfuura kushuma kwechokwadi. Nzvero ya2018 kubva ku MIT yakawana kuti nhema paTutter dzakaparadzirwa “pakuru, nokukurumidza, zvakadzika zvikuru, uye zvakafara zvikuru kupfuura zvokwadi mumapoka ose amashoko." Chirongwa cheidzidzichinoreva kuti kunyange chitsama chiduku chezvirimo chinotsausa chinogona kusvika kumamirioni pamberi pokuva nebanza rokupindira.

Makireji Nematombo Emasefa

Apo zvikuva zvinopa hunhu zvinopa mipimo yakavakirwa pamufambiro woushandisi, izvo nenzira yokusaziva zvinogadzira maflugens perconfix ayo anoratidzira bedzi magute nezvitendero zviripo zvomushandisi. Mukati meizvi, kutaura kwenhema kunogona kutenderera kwatendererazve pasina denho. Nokufamba kwenguva, vanoshandisa vangavamba kuvimba namanyuko avanofanira kuvamba nemhaka bedzi yokuti vanoratidzika kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji muzvokudya zvavo. Kubuda mukamuri reecho kunoda nhamburiko yokuziva: kutevera nhau dzakasiana, kupfurikidza nokushandisa mamwe mashoko maapoka, uye kutsvaka namaune manyuko orunako akakwirira kubva mumifungo yakasiana.

Basa Revaiti Vezvakaipa

Hakusi kurambwa kwose kunoitika netsaona. Nhimbe dzehurumende dzinopesana nenhau, masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika, uye mafamu ezvemhindu” mapurazi “mashoko emhindu” anogadzira nokuparadzira nhau dzenhema kuti apesvedzere sarudzo, kudyara kusawirirana, kana kuti kuparira mari inoshandiswa pakushambadza. Kuziva iyi miganhu yenyengedzo yemaune kunoita kuti kuonekwe kwapanyuko kuve kwokukurumidzira zvikuru. Audiencences dzisapanikire bedzi kururama kweshoko asi vavarirowo vavariro dzakaparira kubudiswa kwaro. Mabhachis akadai Adroolderation Komiti yeRCFFM inogona kubetsera vatori venhau dzenhau kurangarira mashoko kutomutsikano.

Kuziva Kwaunoita Mashoko Acho uye Kuverenga Mashoko

Uropi hwedu hunoiswa newaya kuti hushandise nzira dzokufunga, uye zvakawanda zvezvinhu izvi zvinobatsira kunzwisisa zvinotisiya tisina kudzivirirwa pakubvuma mashoko asiri iwo.

Kusimbisa Bias

Kutsigira kutsigira ikombamiro yokutsvaka, kududzira, uye kuyeuka mashoko ayo anobvumikisa zvitendero zvomunhu zvisati zvavapo. Pakurava nyaya yenhau, mumwe munhu ane mirangariro yakasimba yezvamatongerwe enyika achapa simba rakawanda nenzira yokusaziva kumashoko anotsigira ndokuramba ufakazi hunopokanidza. Kukurira fungidziro inoda nhamburiko yamaune: usati wadavira nhau, zvibvunze umene kana ungaigamuchira kana ichipesana nemirangariro yako. Tsvaka manyuko ane mukurumbira nokuchinja mirangariro, uye iva anodisa kuvandudza zvitendero zvako mukutarisana noufakazi hunogombedzera.

Mugumisiro Wekushandisa Dunning-Krugater

Iyi mirangariro yendangariro inorondedzera kuti vanhu vane zivo yakaganhurirwa kazhinji kazhinji vanopfuura zvikuru unyanzvi hwavo, nepo nyanzvi dzichikombamira kudukupisa hwadzo. Munzvero yenhau, mumwe munhu ane misoro mikuru yenhau inongova bedzi yapamusoro anganzwa ane chivimbo chokuwanira kuvimbika kwamanyuko pasina kuita nzvero huru ipi neipi. Nenzira yakapesana, munhu ane unyanzvi hwechokwadi angazengurira kusimbisa zivo yavo. Kuisa iyi ganhuriro kunokurudzira kuzvininipisa uye kusunda kushandiswa kwemifungo yakarongeka panzvimbo pokunzvera manyuko.

Kwakabva Kuzvitendero Zvinooneka

Vanhu vanowanzovimba nezviratidziro zvekuvimbwa, zvakadai sewebsite inotarisa nounyanzvi, zita rebhukwana rinozivikanwa, kana kuti songaniro nechinyorwa chakasikirwa. Nepo idzi nzira dzinogona kuva dzinobetsera, dzinoshandiswa zvisina kufanira. Vatambi vanogona kutevedzera magadzirirwe enzvimbo dzenhau dzapamutemo, kushandisa marogimeti akafanana, kana kuti kunyange kutenga nzvimbo dzapfuura dzemapepanhau anochekwa. “Ndakanzwa nezvadzo, naizvozvo dzinofanira kuva dzakavimbika” dzinogona kuva mhoshoro apo chinyorwa chakaiswa musero nedzvinyiriro dzemari, kudzokororera, kana kuti kuwana chose chose chose neboka refariro inoshaidzwa. Muchinjikwa-pasi unodzoro unodzorwa namasangano anozvidzora.

Mabasa Anoshanda Okuparadzira Mashoko

Nzira dzinotevera dzinogona kushandiswa kuzvinhu zvose zviri munhau, zvingava zvichiwanikwa pasocial network, muchina wokutsvaka, kana kuti mubudisi wenhau wegamuchidzanwa.

Nzvera Kunyorwa Kwamashoko Acho

Nzvera nhau yechinyorwa chacho, kuva muridzi, uye gadziriro dzokunyora. Tsvaka peji yakajeka inoti “Nezvadu” inotaura basa rokubudisa, manyuko okupa mari, uye mipimo yenhau. Masangano enhau anotanhamara anowanzotora rutivi mumasangano enyanzvi dzakadai seAmerican Press Institute kana kuti International Fact-Ccheting Network. Shandisa manyurobhurosa se Media Bias / Fact Check /[[FLM:1] kuona apo manyuko enhau anowanzova neapotendi eyokushuma kwakavimbika kwave kuri muwaro maererano nenhau.

Tsvaka Uchapupu Hwokutanga

Nyaya dzakavimbika dzinobatanidza kana kuti kududza manyuko makuru (manyuko makuru) manyoro efundo inorangarirwazve yavaenzani, mascreen apakuvamba ebvunzurudzo, kana kuti marekodhi akananga. Kana nhau ichiita kutaura kwoushingi asi inobatanidza bedzi manyuko asingazivikanwi kana kuti mimwe mishumo yenhau seuchapupu, iite nouchapupu. Tevedzera nzira: kana nyaya ikati “fundo yakawanikwa,” tyai kusvika kufundo iyoyo. Kana fundo yacho isingawaniki pachena, nzvera kuti chirongwa chomunzveri chine chinyorwa chinobudisa nhau. Chiteshi chamanyuko chinoteerera mutemo wokuva nechokwadi: Kana usingagoni kusimbisa kutaura kwacho, kutaura kwacho hakugoni kugamuchirwa.

Zvikamu Zvizhinji Zvinoparadzana

Usavimba namashoko mamwe chete anotsoropodza. Tsvaka nyaya imwe cheteyo mumativi ose makuru akasiana - siana ane mifungo yakasiana - siana yenhau (jere, The Associated Press, Reuters, BBC, NPR, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal). Kana nhau inooneka bedzi panzvimbo dzinotevedzana kana kuti mapym asina kunyorwa, ingava isina kuvimbika. Kunyange apo mabudiro akawanda anoshuma maidi akafanana, enzanisa kutara nomutauro kuti uone kusarura kwamanomano. Cross-reveration ndiyo nzira imwe inoshanda zvikurusa yokuparadzanisa zvokwadi nenhema.

Nzvero Dzounyanzvi Hwomunyori

Vanyori venhau. Kunzvera kwokukurumidza kwedzidzo yomunyori kunogona kuzivisa dzidzo yavo, zvinyorwa zvakapfuura, uye mapringidzi. Mutori wenhau anofukidza utano anofanira kuva nechinyorwa chakarurama chokushuma mumhanzi iyeyo; munzveri wezvamatongerwe enyika anofanira kuva anoonesa pamusoro perwisano dzipi nedzipi dzefariro. Iva anongwarira nyaya pasina wirirano kana kuti dzakanyorwa no “munyori mukuru” ane zivikanwo yake isingabviri kutendiswa. Uyewo tarira pamusipo: nyaya dzekare dzinotenderera se “zvitsva". Dzinogona kutsausa zvikuru.

Kureurura uye Kuzvidavirira kweBias

Manyuko ose enhau ane mwero wakati werusaruro, hapana chinhu chakadai sekusatora rutivi kwakakwana. Nharidzano haisati iri kuwana manyuko asina kuvimbika zvakakwana, asi kunzwisisa mamiriro netambanuko yorusaruro. Manyuko ari pachena pamusoro pechimiro chawo chokunyora (g., rugwaro rwetsinhiro runonyorwa semurangariro) rwakavimbika zvikuru kupfuura uyo anonyepedzera kuva asingatori rutivi apo anosunda purogiramu yakavanzika. Maturusi anotapura, akadai seAllSide na Media Bias/Fact, anogona kubetsera kunzwisisa kwako. Zvisinei, nguva dzose verenga mutoo wezverongedzero dzendangariro dzino.

Zvishandiso Nezviwanikwa Zvokuvandudzwa

Marudzi anotevera ematurusi anobatsira vanhu vanozviverenga uye vanotsvakurudza ruzivo.

Mawebsite Anoongorora Chokwadi

Masangano makuru anonzvera idi akazvimirira anobatanidza Snopes, FactCK.org, uye Politict[. Anowanzobvisa mashoko evhairasi, anotevera kururama kwemashoko ezvamatongerwe enyika nenhamba dzavo, uye anopa tsananguro dzakadza dzamashoko avo. Vakawanda inhengo dzeMarudzi eCC, dzinoda kuwirirana nebumbiro remitemo. Chinyorwa chimwe kana kuti zviviri zvenzvimbo idzi uye zvinoita muitiro wokutsvaka mashoko asati azviwadzana.

Mapeyikesheni eshopu ne Plugisito

Zvikamu zvakafanana neMa NewsGuard zvinoisa zvakananga muyamuro yako uye zvinoratidza mirau yechivimbo panzvimbo pezviwiro zvesociation nemigumisiro yokutsvaka. Media Bias/Fact Check inopa purojekiti inopa nhamba inopa rondedzero yetsananguro nezvokwadi yezviuru zvemanyuko. Aya maturusi anogovera mashoko anokurumidza kukupa pachena pasina kukuraira kuti usiye peji. Anobetsera zvikuru nokuda kwokunzvera manyuko aunosangana nawo pamaplatifomu asingawani zviratidzo zvokuvandika, zvakadai seReddit, Twitter, kana kuti Tik Tok.

Kuongorora mifananidzo kwakagadziridza uye kusimbisa vhidhiyo zvakachinjwa

Mistinformation inowanzotora majekiseni emifananidzo yakashandiswa, mavhidhiyo ekare, kana kuti mashoko enhema. Masuo akaita seGoogle Images Reins Rearch, Tineye, uye INVID-Weregist inoita kuti ukwanise kuisa kana kuisa mubatanidzwa pamufananidzo kana kuti vhidhiyo uye kuona payakambooneka. Izvi zvinogona kukurumidza kuratidza kuti mufananidzo we “madhiragi azvino uno” wakatorwa mune imwe nyika makore akanga apfuura. Kudzidza zvinokosha pakutsvaka mufananidzo ndeimwe nzira yakakwirira zvikuru yokushandisa kugadzira mifananidzo mutengi wezvinhu zvinobudisa mashoko anogona kutanga.

Kuvaka Tsika Yokurangarira Kunopanikirika

Kuedza kwomunhu mumwe nomumwe kuongorora manyuko enhau kunokosha, asi kuchinja kwegadziriro yetsika kunodikanwa nokuda kwetsika dzinokoshesa kushandiswa kunoda chiito pamwero wakasiyana - siyana: dzidzo, kuvimbisana munzanga, uye kutungamirira nomuenzaniso.

Kupinza Kudzidza Nezvinobudisa Mashoko Mudzidzo

Zvikoro zvine mutoro wokudzidzisa kurava nokunyora zvinobudisa nhau kubvira pazera duku. Curcula inofanira kubatanidza zvidzidzo pamusoro penzira yokuziva nayo zviri mukati zvinotsigirwa, kusiyana pakati penhau nemirangariro, kuyera manyuko, uye kuziva zvisakarurama zvine mufungo. Finland, inorangarirwa zvikuru somutungamiriri munharaunda ino, yakavamba kubatanidza kurava nokunyora nokunyora kwezvinobudisa nhau mudzidzo yenyika makore gumi apfuura uye yakaona kuderera kunowirirana nokusawirirana nenhema. Dzimwe nyika dzinogona kugadziridza mifananidzo yakafanana. Kurovedza kunofanira kuva kunopfuurira, semapuratifomu matsva uye unyanzvi hutsva.

Mabhazi Okushandira Munzanga Nekurukurirano Yavose

Maraibhurari, nzvimbo dzenzanga, uye nzvimbo dzapamusoro inzvimbo dzomusikirwo dzenzvimbo dzokushandira kunzvera nhau. Vakuru vazhinji havana kugamuchira dzidzo yepamutemo yokunyora nokunyora mashoko uye vanodisa nhungamiro. Vanova ne “News Vieduction Usiku” umo vatori rutivi vanoshandisa mhesano neidi munzanga vanogona kusimbisa muitiro ndokuvaka tsigiro. Kurukurirano yavose inoparira tsika yokubvunza kuti “Unoziva sei izvozvo?”

Murangariro Unoenzanisira

Vabereki, vadzidzisi, uye vanyengetedzi vane simba rakakura patsika dzemashoko dzeavo vakavapoteredza. Kupfurikidza nokutaura pachena pamusoro penzira dzavanoyera nayo nhau, kugoverana shure kwemanyuko eidi kutarira mutoo wavo vamene, uye kuramba kuparadzira zvinhu zvisina kusimbiswa, iyi mienzaniso yemienzaniso inogadza mupimo. Apo nhamba dzinoremekedzwa dzinobvuma kuti dzakanga dzisina kururama pashure pokunzvera manyuko, kunokurudzira vamwe kuita zvimwe chetezvo pasina kunyadziswa. Mutungamiriri mukushandisa zvinobudisa nhau chimiro chakajeka asi chine simba chokutora rutivi.

mhedziso

Muzera remashoko akawanda, kuyera manyuko enhau hachisi chisarudzo chatinosarudza. Utano hwehurumende yedu inosarudzwa navanhu, chengeteko yenzanga dzedu, uye kutendeseka kwehurukuro yedu yavose zvinotsamira pavagari vemo vanogona kunzvera nzvimbo yemashoko nounyanzvi uye nokupanikira. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa mashandiro emashoko asina kururama, kuziva kufungira kwedu timene kurongeka, kugamuchira unyanzvi hwechokwadi, uye dzidzo yokugona kurava nokunyora mashoko ose, tinogona kuchinja nzira yatinoshandisa nayo mashoko. Nguva iri yose tinomira tisati tagoverana, nguva iri yose yatinonzvera manyuko, nguva ipi neipi tinodzidzisa mumwe munhu kuita zvimwe, tinosimbisa mucheka wedu wenzanga yakaziviswa. Ikoku hakusi bedzi muitiro womunhu oga; ibasa ratina munzanga.