Hurumende yeUnited States haisati iri rondedzero iri kure: mapazi ayo matatu (‘kudzorwa, kutungamirira, uye kutonga () kuisa mitemo, kugombedzera mitemo, uye kutsanangura mitemo inoumba mufambiro wako, mubhadharo wako, tarisiro yako youtano, uye rusununguko rwako. Kunzwisisa kuti bazu rimwe nerimwe rinoshanda sei uye rinodzora zvinoitika zvako zvezuva riri rose hakusi bedzi zivo yehurumende inozvidavirira.

Bazu Romutemo: Vaiti Vemitemo Vanogadza Mitemo Yaunorarama Nayo

Bazu remitemo, rakaumbwa neImba yaVamiriri neDare (rokubatanidza Congress), rine mutoro zvikurukuru wokunyora nokupfuudza mitemo yehurumende. iyi mitemo inotapura anenge rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwako, kubva kumhepo yaunofema kusvikira kumitero yaunobhadhara. Asi kunze kwokuita mitero yakapfava, Congress inodzorawo bhajeti rehurumende, kutungamirira bazu revakuru, uye kumirira fariro dzavane mitezo munyika yose.

Kugadzira Kunoita Dare Mitemo Inotapura Muitiro Wako Wezuva Nezuva

Mutemo mumwe nomumwe wehurumende unotanga somutongo, uye muitiro wokushandura pfungwa kuva mutemo unononoka noune uye unorerutsa. Heino nzira iyo bazu remitemo rinopesvedzera nayo upenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva:

  • Mitemo yeProfeta neSafety:[[FT:1] Mitemo yakafanana ne [[FT:2] Affordic Care Act [ACA] kana kuti Clean Air Act inotapura kuti ungwaru hweutano hupi hwaunogona kusvika uye kunaka kwemhepo yaunofema. Somuenzaniso, gadziriro dzeACA pamamiriro ezvinhu anenge atangira kuvapo dzinoreva kuti mamiriyoni eAmerica haagoni kunyimwa inishuwa youtano nemhaka yechirwere chakapfuura.
  • Basa Rinotonga naWages:[[FLT: 1] Congress inogadza mubhadharo wakaderera wehurumende, mitemo yomuraudzo, uye mipimo yekotsekano yebasa kupfurikidza namasangano akadai seOccupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Kana ukashanda maawa anopfuura 40 pavhiki, mutemo unoda muripo wenguva yapakati unobva kuFair Labor Standard Act, inopfuudzwa neDare reKonquisi.
  • Mazai ne Betsero: Nguva iri yose unoona dereshi yemari inobhadharwa nokuda kweNgakano kana kuti Medicare, iro riri bazi remitemo pabasa. Congress inogadza zvikwaniriso zvemitero, zvitsama, uye zvikwereti, uye inotema kuenzana kwepurogiramu dzakadai seinishuwarenzi yourovha, yamuro yezvokudya (SAP), uye betsero dzavarwi.
  • Kubatsira nokudzidza Loans: Purogiramu dzeyamuro yevadzidzi dzeFederal,(Pelg Grants, direct Loans, uye basa-radict , yakaitwa nokutsigirwa neCongress. Chinjo mumutemo dzinotapura zvakananga ndyiko dzemari nomutoro wavakapedza kufunda.
  • [[NUMBO: 0] Dziviriro yeChombo: Mitemo yakadai seZvokwadi muRungendo uye Consumer Product Safety Act inokudzivirira pamiitiro yemari inonyengera nezvigadzirwa zvisina dziviriro. Iyi mitemo inopa masangano akadai seConsumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) chiremera chokuita.

Mari Yaishandiswa uye Simba Rezvidyiro

Pakabviswa mari yokunzvera kwesayenzi, kubudirira kwezvokura. Mari inosarudzwawo kuti inoshandiswa sei. Simba rinopesvedzera upenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva munzira huru. Apo zvirongwa zvegadziriro dzemarongedzero zveCongress, unowana migwagwa iri nani, mabhiriji, uye kufambiswa kwavose. Apo inoderedza mari yokushandisa nokuda kwokunzvera kwesayenzi, budiriro dzezvokurapa. Mari inotemawo ukuru hwechiuto, kushanda zvakanaka kweposvo, uye pfuma inowanika nokuda kwemapaki enyika. Gore rimwe nerimwe, House neDare remari yemari yemari inodzorwa yezvikwereti, uye chibereko chokupedzisira chinotapura chinhu kubva pamakomba ehotera ako aunonzwo kuenda kumibereko yezvikwereti yavadzidzi inotsigirwa nomutemo.

Kumirira Nokutarisira

Bazu remitemo rinoshandawo senzwi rako muWashington. Mumiriri wenyu naSenators vanoteerera itiro hanya dzemasangano, vanobata horo dzetaundi, uye vhoti nokuda kwako. Kupfuura kumirirwa, Congress inotungamirira bazi guru kupfurikidza nokunzwa nokunzvera. Somuenzaniso, apo sangano rehurumende rakadai seNdengedzero yeProvity Protection Agency (EPA) ringarerutsa mipimo yokushatisa, matare esangano anogona kudana vakuru vakuru vakuru kuti vapupurire, kuraira mapepa, uye kuronga mutemo wokuchinja kana kuti gadziridza zviito izvozvo. Uku kutarisira kunovimbisa kuti masangano anochengeta mitemo inoramba ichizvidavirira kuvanhu (EPA) uye kumitemo imene.

Bazu Rine Chiremera: Vamanikidzi Vanoisa Mitemo Mubasa

Bazu guru, rinotungamirirwa naPurezidhendi uye rinoumbwa navashandi vehurumende vanopfuura mamirioni 4 mumadhipatimendi ose namasangano, rine mutoro wokushandisa nokushandisa mitemo inopiwa neCongress.

Tapuro Yakananga yaPurezidhendi Patsika Noupenyu Hwezuva Nezuva

Purezidhendi anoronga purogiramu yenyika, anopa mirayiridzo yehurumende, uye anorayira masangano ehurumende pamusoro penzira yokududzira nayo nokuita nayo mitemo.

  • Mirairo yoMupandi: Mutungamiriri anogona kupa nhungamiro idzo chinjo muitiro pasina kumirira Congress. Somuenzaniso, miraidzo yavakuru vakuru pakutama inogona kutapura uyo anobvumirwa kupinda munyika, mugariro wavagamuchiri veDACA, uye kuchengetwa kwemitemo yemuganhu. Gadziriro imwe yevakuru vakuru inogona kuchinja upenyu hwamamirioni avanhu usiku.
  • Chinjo dzinodzorwa: Masangano eFederal mudzoro yaPurezidhendi . yakadai seNhungamiro yeNdevedzo, Departmental Producation, uye Department of Health and Human Services(ishakero dzesimba remitemo ine simba romutemo. Mutemo mutsva pamusoro pemipimo yokushanda zvakanaka kwepeturo unotapura zvakananga ndyiko nekuwanika kwemotokari. Chinjo mumitemo yene dziviriro yeNhakataro yePrementalgate inosarudza kuti upinde sei Internet.
  • Mutezo woMutezo neTrakate: Purezidhendi anotaurirana zvibvumirano nebvumirano zvebhizimisi, anoisa zvibvumirano, uye anotarisira ukama hwemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa. Apo dare rinodzosera bhizimisi, mutengo wezvinhu zvinotengwa nemagetsi (kubva kumichero) inochinja. Zvisarudzo zvokubva pazvibvumirano zvemamiriro okunze enyika yose zvinotapura mwero yechetura uye, pakupedzisira, mhepo yaunofema.
  • Hurumende dzenyika: Munguva dzenjodzi(pandemic), njodzi dzomusikirwo, kana kuti tyisidziro dzorudzi) Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kuzivisa njodzi yorudzi, kuvhura masimba chaiwo kudzosa mari, mauto anoshandira, kana kuti kuisa ganhuriro dzerwendo. Murakatira weCHOVAD wakaita kushandiswa kukuru kwamasimba evakuru vakuru kukurumidzisa kukura kwenhomba uye kugovera ruyamuro rwemari.

Mahofisi Edare Negadziriro Dzaunopindirana Nadzo Zuva Nezuva

Kunze kwaPurezidhendi, bazu rinotungamirira isangano guru ramadhipatimendi namasangano zvinopa mabasa nokugombedzera mirau. Hedzino dzimwe dzedzinotapura zvikurusa:

Department of Troads

Paunotyaira motokari, uchiita zvitima, mitemo yeDOT uye kuisa mari mumugwagwa mukuru uri pakati penyika, unodzora kufamba nendege, uye unotarisira Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

Department of Health and Human Services

HHS inodzora Medicare, Medicaid, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), uye National Institutes of Health (NIH). FDA inotendera mishonga yaunonwa uye nhomba dzaunowana. CDC inopa nhungamiro dzoutano dzinoumba mufambiro wavose, kubva kurumbidzo dzekuvhara kusvikira kungwariro dzezvokudya.

Department of dzidzo

DOE anoshandisa yamuro yavadzidzi yehurumende, anoroverera mitemo yamaruramiro avagari vemo muzvikoro, uye anounganidza mashoko pamusoro pemiuyo yedzidzo.

Department of Home Security

DHS inotarisira chengeteko yomuganhu, kuchengetwa kwezvokubuda, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Vatariri veTSA vanonzvera mabhegi ako panhandare dzendege. FEMA inoronga mhinduro yengwavaira pashure pemadutu kana kuti miraundi. Immigation and Customs Enforcementment (ICE) inomanikidza kubudisa mirairo yokubudisa.

Kushandisa Nokumanikidza

Kupa mutemo inhano yokutanga. Bazu guru rinofanira kukuita chaizvoizvo. Apo Congress inopfuudza mutemo mutsva wemhoteredzo, EPA inonyora mitemo yakananga kuti ishandise, mafekitari anonzvera kuzviisa pasi, uye anorongera faindi pavapunza. Apo Congress inochinja mutemo wemitero, zvimiro zveRevolution Service (IRS) zvinochinja, nhevedzano, uye bhabhu remite yemitemo ipi neipi inotsamira zvikuru pakuti bazu rebasa rinosarudza sei kuigombedzera.

Bazu Rokutonga: Vari Kupa Mhosva Vanodzivirira Kodzero Dzako

Bazu rokutonga, rinoumbwa neDare Rapamusorosoro namatare ehurumende akaderera, rinodudzira mitemo neBumbiro reMitemo. Rinobatira somurongi mukurusa, richipedza gakava uye richivimbisa kuti hakuna mutemo kana kuti chiito chokutungamirira chinoputsa maruramiro makuru akavimbiswa kwauri. Simba rezvisarudzo zvokutonga kazhinji kazhinji rinosvika kure kupfuura mativi apedyo mumhaka, richiumba nzvimbo yapamutemo yomunhu ari wose.

Kutapura Kunoita Matare Kodzero Ako Ezuva Nezuva Nerusununguko

Heino mienzaniso mishomanene yokuti matare anotapura sei upenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva:

  • Free Scount and translation: Zvisarudzo zveDare rapamusoro zvikurusa pamusoro peFirst Amendment zvinorondedzera zvaunogona kutaura, post paIndaneti, kana kuti kuramba. Mhaka dzakadai se Citizens United. FEC[FL:3] [2010] inotapura mari yenhimbe, nepo [[FLT: 4.] MAOY REY REAT REAT REF [[FL:] [2001] [FFL:2] inojekesa vadzidzi kodzero dzekurukurirano panhau dzenzanga.
  • Privtacy neFurveillance: Mu Riley v. California [2014] (2014, Dare rakatonga kuti mapurisa anowanzoda rugwaro pamberi pokunzvera foni yako yeserura. Iyi chisarudzo chinodzivirira zvakananga chitsama chikuru chamashoko omunhu oga aunotakura muhomwe yako zuva riri rose.
  • Urovha nemhuri: Chisarudzo chechiratidzo mu bergefell v. Hodges (2015] roorano imwe cheteyo youtevedzeri inonyoreswa pamutemo munyika yose, ichitapura mugariro wapamutemo wamamirioni emhuri uye kupa kusvika kubetsero dzakafanana nenhaka, kurera mwana, uye inishuwarenzi youtano.
  • Ruramisiro yorurimi: Dare rinotonga pamuitiro wakafanira, Miranda maruramiro, uye kururamisa nhungamiro dzinoumba kuti mapurisa anobata sei newe mukati mokumira kwemotokari kana kuti kusungwa. Chinodikanwa chokuti vakuru vakuru vakuverengei maruramiro enyu chinobva mu Marinda v. Arizona chisarudzo. (19666).
  • [[NHAU: 0] Mutemo wezvendangariro noMutengi:[[FLT: 1] matare eFederal anonzwa denho kumirairo yeEPA, dziviriro dzevatengi, uye chikwereti chezvigadzirwa. Chisarudzo chedare chokudzivisa kana kuti kutsigira mutemo chinogona kutapura kunaka kwemvura yako yokunwa kana kuti kukotsekana kwezvigadzirwa zvaunotenga.

Simba reDare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa Rokuhwirudzura

Simba rinokosha zvikurusa rebazu rinotonga ihwirudzuro yedare,() chirevo chokuzivisa mitemo kana kuti zviito zvokutungamirira zvisati zviri zvechibvumirano. Iri simba, rakatangwa mu Morbury v. Madison [183] [183], rinoreva kuti Dare Gurusa redare rinogona kurova mutemo unopiwa neDare kana kuti murairo wakapiwa naPrezidhesiparamendi kana kuti murairo wakapiwa naMostatical kana kuti kupesana neBumbiro remitemo. Somuenzaniso, mu [[FLT:] National Federation of Independent v. [Vane] [Magen’s] ([FLT][3]]] [FLT]] [FF]] [FF] inotenderwa , , Dare remitemo rinotenderwa kupfurikidza nokuchinja pamutemo]

Kuhwirudzura rutongeso kunobatira senzvero yokutsoropodza pamamwe mapazu, kuva nechokwadi chokuti rusununguko rwako rukuru harutsiviwi noruzhinji rwakakurumbira kana kuti mukuru mukuru anonyanyosvika. nguva iri yose Dare rinopa chisarudzo, rinogadza muenzaniso uyo matare akaderera anofanira kutevera uye iwo anoumba mutemo womunguva yemberi.

Matare Echibharo Negakava Rako

Nepo Dare Rapamusorosoro richiwana ngwariro hurusa, nhau hurusa dzehurumende dzinotongwa nematare oruwa nematare ezvikumbiro. Aya matare anotonga gakava raibatanidza mutemo womubatanidzwa, zvakadai sokuputsa mitemo kwepamutemo, kubhuroka, denho dzebumbiro remitemo, uye kupomera mhaka mukurwisana nehurumende yehurumende. Kana ukatongopa mhaka yehurumende, unopomerwa mhaka nedare rehurumende, kana kuti kudikanirwa kupedza gakava pasi pomutemo wehurumende, uchaoneka mudare rehurumende reruwa. Vatongi ikoko vanoturikira mitemo ndokushandisa muenzaniso weDare Gurusabvunzo, uye rutongeso rwavo runogona kukwidza jo.

Kubatanidzwa Kwebazu: Kunzvera Nokudzikama Muchiito

Kunzwisisa kuti vanobata sei kunobetsera sei kuona kuti nei chiito chehurumende chichinonoka uye chichikakavadzana — asiwo chikonzero nei chakagadzirirwa kudzivirira rusununguko rwako.

Kuongorora Pabazu Romutemo

  • Mutevedzeri Veto: Mutungamiriri anogona kupfuudza mutemo unopfuura neCongress, achimanikidzira Congress kuudzora netatu mbiri mumakamuri ose ari maviri.
  • [[[FUZI: 0] Judicial Review: Dare Gurusa rinogona kuputsa mutemo sechisina kubvumirwa, richiparadza chido chemitemo.
  • Sarudza Chibvumikiso: Purezidhendi anogadza vatongi vehurumende navakuru vakuru, asi Dare rinofanira kuvasimbisa. Ikoku kunopa Congress chekero pakugadzwa kwemukuru nepo achibvumirawo Purezidhendi kuumba judicary.

Nzvero Pabazu Rine Chinzvimbo Chikuru

  • Kutungamirira kwokutonga: Matare anonzvera zviito zvevakuru vakuru, magwaro echiduku, uye anodana zvapupu.
  • [ Simba reKupa: Imba inogona kushatisa Purezidhendi, Mutongi weSanihe, kana kuti vatongi vehurumende; Dare ipapo rinotonga uye rinogona kuvabvisa.
  • Kudzora kwapabonde: Congress kunodzora kupa mari, naizvozvo Purezidhendi haagoni kupedza mari pasina mvumo yemitemo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Judicial Review: Matare anogona kurova zvirango zvevakuru vakuru zvinopfuura chiremera chaPurezidhendi chebumbiro remitemo.

Nzvero Pabazu Rokutonga

  • [ Kugadza nokusimbisa: Mutungamiriri wehurumende anoisa vatongi, uye Dare rinovasimbisa. Ikoku kunovimbisa kuzvidavirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika.
  • Simba reChibvumirano rokuchinja Juriscion: Congress inogona kuganhurira marudzi enhau idzo Dare Rapamusorosoro rinogona kunzwa, uye rinogona kukarakadza chinjo dzebumbiro remitemo kuti ripedze zvisarudzo zvedare.
  • [ Kutevedzerwa kwaVatongi: Vatongi veFederal vanogona kutevedzerwa ndokubviswa neDare nokuda kwomufambiro usina kururama.

Mienzaniso Yenyika Chaiyoiyo Yemibatanidzwa

Muenzaniso wakatanhamara iAffordcable Care Act. Congress yakapfuudza mutemo (gurusititi), Purezidhendi akausaina (kuuraya), uye Dare Rapamusorosoro rakaitsigira muchisarudzo cha 2012 (jastia), pashure paikoko, bazu guru rakashandisa mutemo, asi Purezidhendi vakatevera vakashandisa mabasa ehurumende kugadziridza murairo waro, uye Congress gare gare gare yakarambawo chirango chaimbwa nomunhu mumwe nomumwe. Dare rakapfuurirawo kunzwa denho, dzakadai se [[FLT: 0] Californ v. Texas[FL:] [20] [2001], iyo yakatsigira mutemo zvakare. Iri-shure-ro rinoratidza kuti mapazu ose matatu anogara sei.

Kupedzisa: Kuzvipa Simba Nokunzwisisa

Bazu remitemo rinonyora mitemo, bazu rinotonga rinoiisa, uye bazi rinotonga rinoidudzira, asi hapana neimwe yenhau idzi kunze kwokunge wanzwisisa kuti inotapura sei upenyu hwako. Paunoziva kuti Congress inogadza mubhadharo muduku, unogona kutsigira kuti pave nemukana mukuru. Paunoziva kuti Purezidhendi anopa mirayiridzo yevakuru vakuru pakubuda munyika, unogona kutevera nhau ndokuita chiito. Paunoona kuti Dare repamusorosoro rinosarudza kodzero dzaro, unogona kudzivirira mashoko ako. Zivo yemashandiro ebazi rimwe nerimwe inokuita kuti usapinda muvagari vemo vakarovha. Shandisa simba iroro: vhoti musarudzo muvhoti, nyorera vamiririri vako, tevera nhau dzedare, uye dare rinozvidavirira. Kana uchiona kuti dare rinoita kuti risarumbidze kuzivikanwa navanhu vose.