Kunzwa kwedare rehurumende ikokusarudza kwegadziriro yemitemo yeUnited States, kugovera mutoo wetsika umo vagadziri vemitemo vanounganidza nawo mashoko, vanonzvera ufakazi, uye kurukurirano. Munzvimbo yemari yokupa mari, uku kunzwa kunobatira sebhuroko rakakomba pakati pezvikarakadzo zvemari zvebazu guru uye kuranganisa kwokupedzisira kunotema kuti madhora ehurumende anoyerera sei kuzvikoro, makoreji, uye yamuro yavadzidzi. Kubva pakuva pamutemowo zvawo, kunzwa kunoumba kutemwa kwemabhiriyoni amadhora emari mudzidzo, kunopesvedzera zvinhu zvinokosha zvamasangano ehurumende, uye kupa inzwi kuva vapa mapurisa kubva kuvadzidzisi vekirasi kuenda kuyunivhesiti. Kunzwisisa kuti zvirongwa izvi zvokunzwa zvinoshandiswa uye kushandura sei mitoo yokuwana dzidzo yemari kuAmerica kunokosha yedzidzo.

Chikamu Chinoumba Kunzwa kweCongresonal

Kutongwa kwedare reCongress kunoitiswa zvikurukuru namatare nematare maduku muzvose zviri zviviri Imba yaVamiririri neDare. Masangano maviri anopesvedzera zvikurusa okutsigira dzidzo iDare reImba paDzidzo nerokushandira neDare reDare reBasa reHwero, Redzidzo, Rokushanda, uye Pensions (HELP). Mukati meaya matare, bhajeti nemhoshoro dzinochengetwa kuhwirudzura chikumbiro chebhajeti chegore negore chaPrezidhesi nokuda kweBato reDzidzo, apo kunzvera kunzvera kuitwa nokubudirira kwepurogiramu dziripo.

Kunzwa kunowanzotevera magadzirirwo. Chigaro chinotanga nemashoko anoratidza chinangwa, achiteverwa nezvapupu zvingabatanidza Munyori weDzidzo, vakuru vakuru vesangano, vamiririri vedzidzo, vatsvakurudzi, vatsigiri, uye panhambo nenhambo vadzidzi kana kuti vabereki. Chapupu chimwe nechimwe chinozivisa mashoko akarongwa, pashure peapo nhengo dzedare dzinomutsa mibvunzo. Izvi zvinopa vaiti vemitemo kuti vaongorore kusava nesimba mukuva nemitemo, zvinosimbisa migumisiro isingadzorwi yemitengo yemari, uye zvinobvisa misengwa yezvibvumirano kubva kuvatungamiriri vesangano. Chinyorwa chacho chinobatanidza chinyorwa chakanyorwa neufakazi hwose uye chinotumira rutivi rwedare redare repamutemo, icho chinozivisa gare gare gare kurukurirano dzepamhetezo yezvikwereti zvemari, uye rugwaro rwokupedzisira rwezvirongwa zvokubhadhakata.

Marudzi Enzeve Nemabasa Adzo

Hakusi kunzwa kwose kwakaumbwa. Kunzwa kwemabhangi, kwaiitirwa pakuvamba kwegore rekarenda, kunonangidzira ngwariro pazvikumbiro zvemari zvehurumende. Somuenzaniso, muna March 2023, Nhevedzo dzeHouse Approppies Mutestee paBasa, Health and Human Services, Education, uye Adminities AProticiona dzakaita kuti tere apo Munyori weDzidzidzo Miguel Cardona akadzivirira bhajeri remari yakasarudzwa yeDhipatimendi yeDzinesi. Panguva ino, mitezo inowanzodenha mirangariro pamusoro pemitengo, miitiro, uye kuda yamuro dzinotengwa, kana zvinhu zvomutsetse zvichiwedzerwa zvakananga, kugurwa, kana kuti kuruboshwe.

Kunzwa kwakanyanyowandirwa, mukupesana, kutarira shure kunzvera kuti mari yakapedzerwa sei munguva yakapfuura. Hurumende Accountability Office (GAO) inowanzobudisa mishumo iyo iri nhau yokunzwa kwakadaro. Kuteerera kwedare kwa 2022 paTitle I, purogiramu yehurumende inotsigira vadzidzi vanoshaiwa, yakaratidza kuti mabhiriyoni amadhora akanga arega kana kuti akashatiswa nemhaka yokunonoka kwechibvumirano chehurumende, inosunda nokuda kwezviito zvokuzvidavirira zvikuru. Nenzira yakafanana, kunzwa papurogiramu yaPell Grant kwakasimbisa musiyano unokura pakati pezvitsamariso zvinopa uye ndyiko dzechokwadi dzepakoreji, kuchitungamirira kuzvikarakadzo zvemari zvokugadziridza puro.

Kunzwa kwokubvumira imhaka yechitatu. Izvozvi zvinoitika apo Congress inorangarira kunyorwazve kwemitemo yedzidzo huru, yakadai seAll Scheevereds Act (ESA) kana kuti Mutemo weDzidzo wapamusoro. Mukati meiyi kurukurirano inopfuudzira kupfuura mwero wemari yegore negore kuchinjo mukupa mari. Somuenzaniso, mukati megadziriro ya 2015 Essa juping recustom recomment, kunzwa kwakabudisa gakava rinonyandura pamusoro pokuti upfuurire kushandisa mipimo yakavakirwa paHwo I kana kuti kuchinjikira kumakwikwidzano anopa mari yakavakirwa pamubato wegore negore. Somuenzaniso, mukati medziyo inopesvedzera nhasi.

Kushandisa Mari Zvikuru uye Zvinhu Zvokutanga

Kutapura kwakananga zvikurusa kwekunzwiwa kwemitemo yedzidzo yokutsigira dzidzo kunoonekwa muzvinyorwa zvakaisvonaka zvezvikwereti zvedzidzo. Kutsigira zvirongwa zvepurogiramu dzakadai seTitting I, Averevers Guideal Education Act (IEA) inopa, uye basa nedzidzo yemichina zvakaoma zvikuru. Mitemo inobvumira vagadziri vemitemo kunzvera kana aya matura anoparadzira nenzira inowirirana munyika, maruwa, uye vadzidzi. Uchapupu hunobva kuCongrega Corvationalional Research Service Service (CRS) uye GAO kazhinji kazhinji inozivisa migumisiro isingagadziriki semaruwa akapfuma anogamuchira mari yakawanda pajini imwe chete kupfuura varombo.

Somuenzaniso, muna 2019, kutonga kweDare Rinobetsera mari kwakasimbisa kuti hurumende yehurumende yakanga isina kutongosvitsa musengwa wayo unobvumirwa wokutsigira 40 muzana yeavhareji yemari paavhareji yedzidzo chaiyo. Chipupuriro chakabva kuvanotsigira kodzero dzeremapundudziko navakuru vakuru vezvikoro chakaratidzira dzvinyiriro chaiyoiyo yenyika yokuderera, kuchitungamirira kukugadziriswa kwemari mu 2020 yeappries pepa iro rakawedzerwa remari yeISEA ne $1.3 bhirioni yemari yakawanda zvikurusanosvika gore rimwe mugumi. Uyu wakanga uri muuyo wakananga woufakazi hwakapiwa mukuteerera.

Nenzira yakafanana, kunzwiwa kwaPall Grants mukati mekuderera kwemari kwa2008 kwakagovera mashoko anoratidza kuti mubhadharo mukuru wakafukidza 35 muzana bedzi yemari yeavhareji yokupinda yunivhesiti yavose yemakore mana, kudzika kubva pa70 muzana mukupera kwama 1970. Uchapupu ihwohwo hwakabetsera kuvaka nhau yeAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment Act yegadziriro idzo dzakawedzera mari yePell uye gare gare gare dzakatungamirira kukuratidza wedzero yewedzero yezvingaitika kusvikira kukukwira kwemitengo yenguva yemberi (paramende inongo ingadai yakamboitika pasina chinyorwa chokunzwa chakakwana.

Basa Roufakazi Nouchapupu

Uchapupu ichinhu chinokosha pakunzwa. Vaiti vemitemo vanowanzokoka boka rezvapupu zvinomirira mifungo yakasiana - siana kuva nechokwadi chekurukurirano yakadzikama. Nokuda kwokutsigira dzidzo kunzwiwa, ikoku kunobatanidza chaizvoizvo mukuru mukuru wehurumende (mutoo., Secreen Sercetate Secretate of Education), murapi wehurumende (muchib., mukuru wechikoro wehurumende), mutungamiriri weruwa (g., mumiririri wechikoro), uye mumiririri wesangano risingapindwi kana kuti sangano. Iyi inovimbisa kuti chinyorwa chokunzwa chibate zvose zviri zviviri dzidzo yemari yapanyuro yemari uye miuyo miduku yavadzidzi navadzidzisi.

Mumwe muenzaniso unokosha wakaitika mukati mokutongana kwechikamu 2021 pamusoro petapuro yeCHOVAD-19 pakutsigira dzidzo. Zvapupu zvakabatanidza mumwe mukuru mukuru wechikoro chokumaruwa weMississippi uyo akarondedzera kuti ndyiko yemari yoruwa rwake yakadya sei Thit I, munzveri weNational Bureaual of Economic Research uyo akapa mashoko pamusoro pokurasikirwa, uye mubereki womwana aishayiwa chaiwo akapupurira pamusoro pokuputsika kweminamato yemibato yendangariro yomubereki, akabatanidzwa nemashoko omunzveri, akapwisanisa mitezo mishomanene yeCongress kuti itsigirikidze kutsigira kurasikirwa kwaparera purodziro iyo pakupedzisira yakava rutivi rweAmericanFrectory Plantions mabhiriyoni $30 yeDreatting yeDreauersetry neFreat School (ESTER).

Kuvimbwa kwezvapupu. Kunzwa kazhinji kazhinji kunokoka vakuru vakuru kubva kuGO neCongregational Bal Bacter Office (CBO) kuti vape kunzvera kusingatsigiri. Somuenzaniso, mushumo 2020 GAO pamusoro pokuita mapurogiramu edzidzo yehurumende (aimirira mukati mokutonga) purogiramu dzinopfuudzira mativi mapfumbamwe, kuparira kuti mari ishande. Kunzwa kwakasunda Department of Education kusimbisa mapurogiramu anoverengeka okupa purogiramu edzidzo yehurumende, kuchichengetwa mukutonga kwemasangano ane mazana amamirioni amadhora.

Kuongorora Kunoita Nzeve Dzakaoma

Kunyange zvazvo kutonga kwa1918 kwataurwa munyaya yokutanga kuri muenzaniso wakanaka, kuongorora zvakaitika kare kunoratidza kuti kunzwa kwakachinja sei nzira yokutsigira nayo mari yedzidzo.

2018 Kunzwa Nezvebasa Redzidzo

8 June 2018 kunzwa pamberi peHouse Education neComfort Committee, yakadudza kuti “Basa reFederal muDzidzo nokukwira kweHurumende nedzokudzora kweNyika,” rakagovera chipupuriro chakabva kuna Munyori Betsy Devos, vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanoverengeka, uye murevereri wechikoro weparati. Mukati mokubvunzurudza, mitezo yedare yakasimbisa kuti musoro wemari yangu wakanga wave uri wakadzika nokuda kwegumi ramakore , apo nhamba yavadzidzi vanorarama muurombo yakakwira. Mutungamiriri mukuru weruwa weruwa muKentucky akapupurira kuti chiverengero chake chakakwirira chavagari vemo asi chakawana mutengo mukuru zvikuru nemhaka yemaruwa nemhaka yokuti “papulthromest. [1] Chino chapano chapamhene neudzo yourombo] Chino chapamhengeri chapamhengeri chapamheveri chapa mutengo chapamheteveri mutengo kudzo kudzo kumuka kumuka kumuka kumuka kwemari yemari

Uyezve, nyaya yacho yakafarirwa nevenhau venyika, kusanganisira zvikamu zveNPR neCNN, zvakasimudzira nhau yokutsigira mari yechikoro nemazvo.

Kuongororazve Kunzwa kweESEA kwa 2015

Mukati mekurukurirano pamusoro peFources Fizect, iyo yakatsiva No Child Sick Behind, kunzwa kuzhinji kwakaumba gadziriro dzokupedzisira dzemari dzemitemo. Kunzwa kunopesvedzera zvikuru muna March 2015 kwakava nenhau a GAO paTitle I kugona kuoneka [, iyo yakataura kuti kubvumira hurumende kubvisa musoro wemari kubva kuzvikoro zvakakwirira kuenda kune zvimwe mitoo. Chipupuriro chikuru chaDHO chaichasimbisa vatambi vakuru kuti vapinze mutauro unoda kuti inenge 95 muzana yemari yeTit I ichiripo muzvikoro zvinoshanda, gadziriro ichiri kushanda nhasi.

COVID-19 Examest Livings muna 2020-2021

Dambudziko racho rakaparira kudikanwa kusingaenzaniswi kwedzidzo yekurumidziro. Kunzwa muna March 2020, pamberi chaipo pekunyorwa kweCareSS Act, kwakabatanidza chipupuriro chakabva kuAmerican Federation of Teachers neNational Gadgers Association pamusoro pendyiko dzedzidzo iri kure, mapurogiramu ezvipo zvechikoro, uye midziyo yokuzvidzivirira. Education Recebration Fund, iyo yakaparadzira mabhiriyoni $30, yakaumbwa zvakananga nokunzwa kwokukurumidza kwemiriro yemitobvunzo yaisimbisa ruzivo rwezvigadzirwa, zvokudya, uye zvoutano hwendangariro. Gare gare gare gare gare, 2021, kugadziriswa kwemari yechikoro choruwa yeESTER yakabatanidza chibvumirano pamusoro pemari inoparadzirwa nemari nemitengo yomubatanidzwa. Chipupuriro chakaguma neDhindiro yeDhimbedzo yeDhimbedzo yedzidzo yedzidzo yemari kubva muna September 20242222.

2023 Kuronga Mari Kunzwa Paiparlent Evement

Muna May 2023, Dare Rinobetsera rakava nezita rokutonga rakanzi “Makore Mane Ogatori.” Zvapupu zvakabatanidza purezidhendi wekoreji wenzanga uyo akatsanangura kuti Pell anofukidza bedzi 26 muzana yendyiko dzechiverengero chavose, achimanikidzira vadzidzi vazhinji kutora zvikwereti zvavo voga. Muroori weDare Rinopa mari yeZvombo Congational Bal Batement Office [[[FLL: 1]] yakapa kunzvera kwakazara kuti kutsigire wedzero inoitika gore negore yakasungirirwa kukwira kwapamhikanwa kungawedzera $45 mabhiriyoni ane gumi amakore. Kunyange zvazvo chitsamapepa chacho chakatarisana netsoro yezvamatongerwe enyika, kunzwa kwakagovera nheyo yakajeka nokuda kwebhiritikiro yakasuma gore gare gare gare gare gare gare apo Pull aizova ne $1 $16 000 uye iso yeCer Index yeC.

Mafungiro Evanhu Neavo

Imwe yetapuro dzakavanzika asi dzine simba dzekunzwa mano avo okuumba hurukuro yavose. Apo chinyorwa chokunzwa chinoratidzira ufakazi hunogombedzera . zvakadai somudzidzi achirondedzera kuti kushaikwa kwavapinduri vechikoro kwakamumanikidzira sei kutungamirira mashandisiro ekoreji oga._Zvokuita kuti zvizivikanwe nenzwi. Ikoku kunoparira chibvumikiso: dzvinyiriro yavose yavanopa mutemo kuti vaite chiito, uye chinyorwa chokunzwa chinogovera bhosvo dzechokwadi dzokushora kana kuti kutsigira matanho akati emari.

Somuenzaniso, 2018 “March nokuda kweUFS" sangano rakabatanidzwa nokunzwa kwemisangano pamari yokukotsekana kwechikoro. Chipupuriro cheZvapupu kubva kuvapukunyuki vepapanzvimbo pezvikwata zvepaParkland uye vakuru vakuru vezvitambi zvakatungamirira kupfura kweSTEM School Violence Act ya2018, iyo yakabvumira mamirioni $100 gore negore nokuda kwetyisidziro nerovedzo. Chibvumirano ichocho chakanga chiri muuyo wakananga wekunzwa uko kwakakuwedzera simba revatsigiri vezvokutsigira dzidzo.

Nenzira yakafanana, 2012 ainzwa nokuda kwemakoreji ane mhindu — ayo akabudisa uchapupu kubva kuvaichimbova vadzidzi vakanga vaunganidza chikwereti chinorema zvikuru vasina kariro dzebasa — “mutemo unobhadhara”, kubatanidza yamuro yavadzidzi vehurumende kumigumisiro. Kuteerera, kutepfenyurwa paC-SPAN uye kwakafukidzwa zvikuru neNew York Times, kwakabvisa murangariro wavose mukurwisana namasangano ezvikara uye kwakatungamirira kuutarisiri vakasimba zvikuru hwechikamu.

Miganhu Nokutsoropodza Kwegadziriro Yokunzwa

Pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwazvo, kunzwa kwedare kwakarongwa hakune zvikanganiso. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti kunzwa kunogona kuva kunoparira, nemitezo inoshandisa maminiti avo mashanu ebvunzurudzo kunzvimbo yokuunganidza mashoko. Kukwira kwokuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzinogarwa pamwe chete kwakarevawo kuti kunzwa kunowedzera kunoratidzira zvapupu zvakasarudzwa kuti zvisimbise nzvimbo dzakafanorongwa, panzvimbo pokugovera unyanzvi hwakadzikama. Somuenzaniso, mukati mekunzwa kwechiTit X juniversance, mapoka ose ari maviri akakokwa kuti vatsigiriridze chimiro chavo chetsika, kuchideredza bviro yokubvumirana pane kubvumirana pane mamiriro ezvinhu.

Imwe ganhuriro ndeyokutora rutivi: karenda yokunzwa yakatsvikinyidzana, uye mitezo mizhinji yedare inopinda bedzi kwenguva pfupi, ichitsamira pavashandi kupfupikisa chipupuriro. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kukunyanyowandisa kwemiitiro yemari yakaoma kupfurikidza nokushandisa. Mukuwedzera, pesvedzero yavagamuchiri inowanzonzwiwa seri kwezviono; kunzwa kungarongwa kuparira chinyorwa chinoda indasitiri yakati kana kuti boka ravanamabhadharo. Somuenzaniso, kunzwa padzidzo yakakwirira inowanzotsigira uchapupu hunobva kusangano reyunivhesiti iro rinotsvaka kunzvera kwakawedzerwa, nepo pasina zvapupu zvavadzidzi vakaderera vanouya vachitaura pamusoro pezvinodikanwa zvavo zvemari.

Kunyanguvezvo, dziviriro dzemitemo — zvakadai sechinodikanwa nokuda kwezvirongwa zvechapupu chebipartisan nokuwanika kwemirangariro inopesana mumishumo miduku — vimbisa kuti kunzwa kunoramba kuri cheki inokosha pasimba roukuru. Muitiro wemitemo unotsamira paidzi temberi kuti ubudise chinyorwa icho matare namaCongress omunguva yemberi zvinogona kubvunza apo kududzira vavariro yemitemo.

mhedziso

Kunzwa kweCongress kunopfuura zvikuru rovedzo yekufananidzira; imota umo mitemo yedzidzo yokutsigira dzidzo inoedzwa, yakanatswa, uye pane dzimwe nguva inonyorwazve. Nokuunza pamwe chete vakuru vakuru vebazu, vatungamiriri vehurumende navatungamiriri vedzidzo vomunzvimbomo, vaongorori, uye vagari vemo vakatapurwa, kunzwa kunoparira ufakazi hukuru hwokuti zvimiro zvemari zvinoumba, mari inodzorwa, uye kunyange kuvakwa kwemitemo mikuru yehurumende. Kunzwa panzvimbo yedzidzo yehurumende yedzidzo, kurukurirano dzechinyakare ya 2015 Essa, uye kunzwika kwekurumidziro kwekurumidziro kucharatidzira kuti apo zvapupu zvose zvinova zvinodavirika uye mibvunzo zvinopinza, simba racho rinogona kunzwiwa kwamakore mumitengo yemaruwa echikoro uye zvikwama zvedzidzo zvinoteverwa mberi nokuda kwedzidzo. Sezvidzodzodzo dzinoitwa navadzidzi vanotsvaka kubetsera kubetsera kubetsera kubetsera kupfurikidza nokuwana dzidzo.