Basa Rinokosha Rokusarudza Kukuru muHurumende yeAmerica Yehurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu

Sarudzo huru dzinobatira senzira kusimba rezvamatongerwe enyika muUnited States. Nepo sarudzo dzavose pakupedzisira dzichisarudza kuti ndiani ane nzvimbo, mukati memakwikwi makuru kuti munda wavada kubhapatidzwa unosundwa, zvikuva zvebato zvinoedzwa, uye zvinosarudzwa zvinotanga kuratidzirwa. Kunzwisisa kuti kusarudzwa kukuru kwose kuri kunokosha sei nokuda kwevose vari vaviri vadavi uye zvisarudzo zvinokosha nokuda kwemunhu upi noupi anofunda sayenzi yezvamatongerwe enyika, kutsigira, kana kuti kubatanidzwa kwehurumende. Nyaya ino inonzvera majangarati, uye mibato mikuru yezvisarudzo, inonangidzira pamashoko makuru, mifungo yenhau yazvino uno, uye kunzvera.

Chikonzero Nei Kusarudza Zvinhu Zvokutanga Kuchikosha

Sarudzo huru inopfuura zvikuru nhano yokutanga, ivo vanosarudza kuti vada kutora vachamirira vapi vebato rezvamatongerwe enyika musarudzo yavose, vachigadza nenzira inobudirira zvisarudzo zvinowanika kuvhotaro hurusa. Ukoshi hwezvivanzeri zvinotambanukira kunzvimbo huru dzinoverengeka:

  • Grassroots kutora rutivi: miromo inosimbisa mitezo yenzvimbo nefaira yebato kuumba nhungamiro yebato rayo, kazhinji kazhinji ichikudza manzwi omunzvimbomo pamusoro poutungamiriri hwebato rorudzi.
  • Kuvhenganisa kwapamazai: Muitiro mukuru wamashawi unobudisa vada kubetsera kwakakwana, kuva nechokwadi chokuti vasarudzo vose vakatoratidzira mwero wakati wekukwirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika.
  • Chiratidzo cheProtory: Migumisiro yepokutangira inotumira zviratidzo zvakajeka kuvatungamiriri vebato pamusoro penhau nemirangariro zvinowirirana nechivako, zvichipesvedzera purogiramu dzemitemo nemirairidzo yebato.

Sezvacherekedzwa ne [[FLT: 0] Brookings Institution, sarudzo huru dzinogona kubvisa nzvimbo huru yepfungwa dzebato, zvikurukuru apo kuvhota kunodzorwa nevhoti yakakomba zvikuru, kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru yakakomba zvikuru.

Marudzi Okusarudza Kunokosha Nemigumisiro Yako

Mitemo inodzora sarudzo huru inosiana zvikuru nehurumende, uye iyi misiano inochinja zvikuru mufambiro wavanoda kuvhota nokutora rutivi.

Mari Dzakavharwa

Mumapoka akavharwa, vavhoti bedzi vakanyorwa nebato vangavhota muchinhu chikuru chebato iroro. Iyi tsika inokurudzira ruvimbiko rwebato uye inodzivisa kuvhota, umo mitezo yebato rimwe ingavhota muchinhu chikuru chomumwe kuti ifurire kusarudzwa kwomushori asina simba. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti maprista akavharwa anosimbisa rucheno rwepfungwa uye kubvisa vhota. Dzinenge nyika 15, kubatanidza New York neFlorida, dzinoshandisa gadziriro huru dzakavharwa.

Zvikwereti Zvakazaruka

Vavhoti vapamberi vanobvumira muvhoti upi noupi akanyoreswa kusarudza kuti ndoupi mukuru webato wokutora. Iyi gadziriro inobatanidza zvikuru, asi inomutsa funganyo pamusoro povhota kwapamutemo. Somuenzaniso, muvhoti anochinja angavhota muDhemocratic huru kutsigira mutengi ane mwero zvikuru, angagona kunetesa tikiti reDemocratic. Michigan neVirginia vanoshandisa maPrim.

Matura Akavharwa

Semi - brimpmited primiers inobvumira vavhoti vasina kuvhota kusarudza kuti ibato ripi guru kuti rivhote, nepo mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa ichigona kuvhota mumakwikwi ebato ravo vamene. Iyi ganhuriro inobatanidza nokuperera kwebato. Mitengo yakadai seNorth Carolina neConnecticut inoshandisa muenzaniso uyu.

ZVIRI PASHURE ZVIMWE ZVOKUTANGA

Mumuitiro wapamusoro-pane uviri, vose vanoda kupiwa hofisi vanooneka padanho rokutanga rimwe, pasinei zvapo nesonganiro. Vavhoti vaviri vanoenda mberi kurusarudzo rwavose, kunyange kana vari vomubato rimwe chetero. Iyi gadziriro inovavarira kuderedza mitsetse yemitsetse ndokukurudzira vapindi vane mwero. California neWashington vanoshandisa pamusoro-paviri primeritary. Kunzvera kubva ku [ Fairvote] inokarakadza kuti masangano apamusoro-mavhiyi maviri anogona kuwedzera chisarudzo asi angaderedzawo kumirira kweboka duku.

Mazakwatira emari yapamusoro

Alaska ichangobva kugamuchira kuvhota kukuru kwechina kwakabatanidzwa nokuvhota kwakatanhamara musarudzo yavose. Mutsika ino, vawani vamavhoti vana vakakwirira zvikurusa, pasinei zvapo nechikamu, vakananga kurusarudzo rwakatanhamara. Iyi chinjo inogadzirirwa kusimudzira kuratidzirwa kwakafara ndokuderedza mativi okunze.

Kupesvedzera Kunoita Boka Kukuru

Varidzi vanofanira kuongorora nzvimbo umo muchina wokuvhota uduku, unobvisa vanhu mumapoka, uye kazhinji kazhinji wakanyanyisa kupfuura vanhu vose.

Kusarudza Nzvimbo

Kuti vahwinzvere, vada kutora nzvimbo dzinokwirira kunzvimbo inokwirira vatsigiri vebato. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira ku “kunyanyisa,” uko vada kukwikwidzana kuti vaongororwe somudziviriri wechokwadi zvikurusa wenheyo dzebato remitezo yehwaro. Muchikamu chikuru, vadaviri vangagamuchira mirau iri kure nomuvhoti wenhau, bedzi kudzikamisa mukati menhimbe dzerusarudzo. Chinoitika ichi, chinozivikanwa se “muuyo wedariro,” chinosanonyorwa mumabhuku esayenzi yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kushandisa Mari Nekuderedza Kutsarukana

Rubudiriro rukuru runopesvedzerwa zvikuru namano okuisa mari nebvumirano dzakatanhamara. Mari yokutanga inobva kuvapi vaduku nePACI vanodzorwa nebato inogona kuratidzira kufambika zvakanaka. Kudzorwa kunobva kuvanhu vane pesvedzero, vakadai saaichimbova purezidhendi kana kuti magaro ebato, inogona kusimbisa tsigiro nedenho. Kukwira kwemari yepaIndaneti yehotera duku yemabhawa, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza namaplatifomu akafanana neAct Blueall neWin Red, kwakabvumira vakwikwidzani kudenha vanodiwa.

Makwara Anonyungudutsa

Vanoda kutanga vanobudirira kazhinji kazhinji vanovaka mabasa makuru, vachitsamira pakugogodza pasuo, kubhangisa runhare, uye zvinoitika zvomunzvimbomo. Simba iri resangano rinogona kupfuurira musarudzo yavose, kuchipa mavambo makuru. Zvisinei, ngwariro yakakomba pamakwikwi makuru inogonawo kubvisa pfuma, zvichiita kuti vadaviri vave vasina dziviriro muvoruzhinji.

Zvinhu Zvine Simba

Utsotsi inzvimbo dzinorwiwa namapoka ebato romukati. MuDhemocratic Party, mapapiro anofambira mberi uye ane mwero anowanzorwisana pamusoro penhau dzakadai setarisiro youtano, muitiro wemamiriro okunze, uye ruramisiro youtsotsi. MuRepublican Party, mukaha pakati peisipo inosiana nepopulist kana kuti vairwisana nenzvimbo yakava chinhu chinoratidzira nhambo dzazvino uno. Uku kurwisana kwehondo kunorwisana kusati kuri bedzi kuumba murwi asi uyewo kuzivikanwa kwenguva refu nemubatanidzwa zvebato.

Zvisarudzo Zvokufambisa Muzvisarudzo Zvokutanga

Vavhoti vakuru vanowanzova vakasiana navavhoti vose zvavo. ivo vakavimbisana zvikuru mune zvamatongerwe enyika, vanobvisa vanhu munzanga, uye kazhinji kazhinji vakura zvikuru.

Mashoko Nezvinobudisa Nhau

Vavhoti vakuru vanotsamira zvikuru pamashoko akananga: zvinzvimbo zvemiitiro, zviito zvekurukurirano, uye kutsigira. Kunyorwa kwenhau, zvose zviri zviviri zvegamuchidzanwa nenzanga, kunoita basa guru. Vanogadzira nhambo dzevhairasi kana kuti vanowana bharaniro rakanaka kubva kumienzaniso ine pesvedzero vanogona kuwana simba rapakarepo. Zvisinei, mashoko asina kururama uye kuratidzirwa kwakasarudzwa kunogonawo kubvisa mativi makuru akasarudzwa.

Kuzivisa Boka Nepfungwa

Mumaprista, kuzivikanwa kwebato kunopiwa, naizvozvo vavhoti vanoshandisa mifungo kuvasiyanisi. Muvhoti uyo anozivisa se “asingachinji zvikuru” sezvingabvira achada muvhoti uyo anosimbisa kutemwa kwomutero, maruramiro epfuti, uye mipimo yegamuchidzanwa. “akasununguka zvikuru” angaisa pamberi vavhoti vanotsigira tarisiro youtano yapose pose kana kuti mutero unofambira mberi. Kurongwa kwepfungwa kwevhoti yeAmerica kwakaita kuti vavhoti vakuru vakuru vatsi vatsive, asi vanodzivisawo kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira.

Zvikonzero Zvepfungwa Nezvinotapura

Charisma, kutendeseka, uye kusarudzwa kunozivikanwa zvinopesvedzera zvakasimba. Voters vanowanzobvunza kuti: “Mutendi uyu anogona kukunda vhoti yavose here?” Somugumisiro, vanoda kubhabhatidzwa vanoonekwa sevanyanyisa kana kuti vasina kukwaniriswa vangarambwa kunyange kana vachigoverana pfungwa dzomuvhoti. Kuwedzerazve, vavhoti vangaranga vanenge vachida kukanganisa kana kuti kupokanidzana kwekare, kunyange zvazvo kuvimbika kwemadzinza kuchigona kukurira zvinhu zvakadaro.

Kuchinja Nokutora Rutivi

Kutanga kwakaderera zvikuru - kazhinji kazhinji 20-40% yavavhoti vakakodzera munyika pasina makwikwi avanapurezidhendi. Uku kuderera kunosimbisa simba ramapoka echimuko, vashingairi, uye vavhoti vane shungu huru. Nhamburiko dzokuwedzera kutora rutivi, dzakadai sekunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero, kuvhota kwapakuvamba, uye mapepa etsamba, zvakaratidzwa kusimudzira kubuda kwokutanga, asi muuyo wacho unova wakaderera kana uchienzaniswa nezvisarudzo. Pew Research Center

Kutapura Kunoita Kusarudza Kukuru Pazvisarudzo Zvikuru

Migumisiro yezvigaro zvehurumende inopinda musarudzo yavose, ichitapura chinhu chiri chose kubva pakuchinja kusvika kunharo dzemitemo.

Kudzikamisa Nokuongorora

Apo chikoro chinobudisa mashoko epfungwa akanyanyisa, vasarudzo vazhinji vangarwisa kukwirira kuvane mwero navanozvimirira. Nzvero inoratidzira kuti vanosarudzwa nomumapringi akavharwa vanowanzova vakaparadzaniswa zvikuru kupfuura avo vanoiswa mumibatanidzwa miviri yapamusoro. Zvisinei, muuyo wacho unojekeswa. Muruwa rwakakotsekana, dzvinyiriro huru dzinodzora; mumaruwa amakwikwi, vada kutora rutivi vane sundo dzakasimba zvikuru dzokuva nomwero.

Mukoto Wejeta uye Kushingaira

Makambani ezvibvumirano uye mabhii makuru anogona kusimudzira kuvimbisana kwavavhoti. Masangano eDermocratic Primial akaona chinyorwa, chakakuchidzirwa nefariro huru muvose vari vaviri vadaviriri uye nhau. Nenzira inopesana, majekiseni asina kuedzwa kana kuti majekesi maduku anogona kuodza mwoyo, uko kungapfuudzirwa kuna mukuru mukuru. Apo boka rinoita kuti chikamu chikuru chiparadzane, vamwe vatsigiri vomutsigiri vanorasikirwa vangagara pasi pesarusarudzo kana kuti vhota nokuda kwebato rechitatu.

Kubatana Kweboka

Vanachiremba vanokakavadzana vanogona kusiya pfundepfunde dzinoramba dziripo, zvichiita kuti zviome kuti mutungamiriri abatanidze mubato. Somuenzaniso, 2016 Republican yakatanga kurwisana zvinotyisa pakati peDonald Trump nevakwikwidzani vake, bva vaRepublicans vakawanda pakupedzisira vakatsigira varwi. Asi mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvakadai sevamwe vakaderera, vanorasikirwa zvikuru nevatsigiri vavo vangarega kana kuti kunyange kutsigira mutsigiri webato rinopikisa, vachinetesa tarisiro dzokusarudza.

Kuwana Mari Nezviwanikwa

Vatsigiri vanotarisana netsoropodzi dzakasimba kazhinji kazhinji vanoputsa mari dzenhimbe, vachivasiya vasina betsero mukurwisana navashori vakuru vanosanorumbidzwa. Nenzira yakapesana, vaparidzi vanohwina nzvimbo dzamabasa netsigiro yakafara vanogona kuisa simba rinova simba rokupinda mubasa rakasimba rokupa mari. Matare eboka renyika angagoverawo pfuma yakavakirwa pamakwikwi makuru, kumwe miuyo inoumba.

Zvinetso Netsoropodzo Zvezvisarudzo Zvikuru

Pasinei zvapo nechipikirwa chavo chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, sarudzo huru inoshorwa zvakakomba izvo zvakaparira kuti pave nokuchinja.

Kuchinja Kwakaderera uye Kusingamirirwi

Kutsoropodza kunopfuurira zvikurusa ndekwokuti vavhota vakuru havamiriri vavagari vemo vakawanda. Vachena zvikuru, vakuru, uye vakapfuma zvikuru kupfuura vose vari vaviri vavhota uye rudzi rwose zvarwo. Nzvero dzinoratidza kuti vavhoti vakuru vakakomba zvikuru uye vane bviro huru zvikuru yokuva nemirangariro yakasimba inopesana, inogona kutungamirira kukusagamuchirwa kwavadaviri munhanho navanhu vose zvavo.

Kujekesa Nokubvisa

Upamhi hunogona kuwedzera nhevedzano yezvamatongerwe enyika kupfurikidza navadaviri vanotusa avo vanofadza kumitezo yebato yakavimbika zvikurusa, kazhinji kazhinji yakanyanyisa zvikurusa. Iri simba rakabatanidzwa nokukwira kwavadaviriri navasingadi kugadzwa pamativi ose ari maviri, kunyange zvazvo muuyo wacho uchiziviswa zvikurusa mumaruwa anochengeta zvakakotsekana umo sarudzo dzavose dzisingakwikwidziri.

Kuoma Kunzwisisa Nokuvhiringidzika

Basa remitemo mikuru inodzorwa munyika inoparira nyongano kuvavhoti. Mumwe munhu anotama kubva kumugariro wapachena kuenda kumugariro wakavharwa angava asingazivi nezvenguva inotsaurirwa kunyoresa kana kuti zvinodikanwa zvebato. Uku kuoma kunzwisisa kunotapura zvikuru vaduku, vakapfuma zvishoma, uye vavhoti vakadzidza zvishoma, kupfuurira kutora rutivi.

Mutengo Nenguva

Nhimbe huru dzinogona kupedza mwedzi kana kuti kunyange makore, dzichishandisa pfuma yakawanda.Vatsigiri vanofanira kukwikwidza mari kuti vakwikwidze munyika dzakawanda, kazhinji kazhinji mavhoti okutanga asati aitwa. mwaka mukuru unorebeswa unogonawo kutungamirira kukuneta kwomuvhoti ndokuderedza ngwariro kukurukurirano dzinokosha dzemitemo.

Kushandisa Mitemo Yakanaka

Mudzimba dzevavhoti, dzimwe nguva vanhu vanotarisana nengozi yo “kuvhota vavhota,” apo vatsigiri vebato rakasiyana vanoyambuka noune kuti vasarudze munhu ane simba duku.

Kuchinja Nenguva Yemberi Yezvisarudzo Zvokutanga

Nemhaka yezvinetso izvi, zvikarakadzo zvakawanda zvokuchinja zvakawanwa.

  • Pamusoro pamativi maviri napamusoro-mana primies: rakagadzirwa kuderedza mativi apasi nokuwedzera makwikwi kupfurikidza nokubvumira vada kufunda vakawanda vanobva paboka rimwe kufambira mberi.
  • Kuvhota kwakatsikirirwa muPrimmes: Kubvumira vavhoti kuronga, vachisimudzira bvumirano uye kuderedza muuyo unoparadzirwa wavada kutora rutivi rwechitatu.
  • [ Kuvhura matrip ane kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero: kwakava nechinangwa chokuwedzera kwemikoto uye kuita kuti mumiriri ashandiswe zvikuru.
  • [ Zviri pachena kuti mari inoshandiswa panzvimbo inotambira: Kuderedza pesvedzero yavapi vakapfuma nePACIS, ingagona kuderedza nzvimbo yokutamba.
  • Nonpartarian primillaries: Mune dzimwe nharaunda, maprimite anobviswa chose chose nokuda kwesarudzo dzisiri dzepartis, kuchibvumira vavhoti vose kusarudza kuvatsvaki vose padanho rokutanga.

Iyi chinjo iri kuedzwa pamwero yehurumende neyomunzvimbomo. Somuenzaniso, Tsika yeAlaska yapamusoro-na yakarongwa [ yakaparadzirwa muna 2022 uye yakakwevera ngwariro yenyika somuenzaniso unobvira wokuderedza mativi apasi. Nzvero yapakuvamba inokarakadza kuti tsika yakakurudzira chivako chemibatanidzwa yepakati peyanza.

mhedziso

Sarudzo huru ibasa rehwaro asi risinganzwisisiki rehurumende yeAmerica. Vanoumba vanoda kutsiva simba, vanopa inzwi kumitezo yebato, uye vanopesvedzera kutungamirirwa kwepfungwa dzenyika. Kunyange zvakadaro vanotarisanawo nezvinetso zvikuru, kubatanidza kuvhakacha kwakaderera, kupfuudza, uye kusatsarukana. Kunzwisisa kuti maprimendial anoshanda sei, uye kuti angagadziriswa sei nokuda kwemunhu upi noupi ari kutsvaka kubatanidzwa negadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Sezvo nyika yacho inopfuurira kushanduka, vadzidzisi vose vari vaviri vanofanira kuramba vachiziva nezvemipimo inoita miganhuro yavo. Utano hweAmerica inotsamira panhau yehurumende inosarudzwa.