Gadziriro yeHurumende Nezvisarudzo Zvokutanga: Nhungamiro Inoshanda

Kunzwisisa gadziriro yehurumende nesarudzo dzinokosha kuvagari vemo vose vanoda kutora rutivi mune revoruzhinji. Izvi zvinhu zviviri zvehurumende inosarudzwa nehurumende inosarudzwa nehurumende yeruzhinji zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuumba kuti mitemo igadzirwe sei, kuti vatungamiriri vanosarudzwa sei, uye kuti inzwi ravose rinoshandurwa sei kuita zvematongerwe enyika. Iyi nhungamiro inogovera kunzvera nenzira yakajeka nhau dzose dziri mbiri, kutsanangura vanamakani avo, kuyanana kwavo, uye kukosha kwavo muhurumende yazvino uno.

Mapazi Matatu eHurumende: Nheyo Yehurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu

Nyika zhinjisa dzehurumende yehurumende inoumba hurumende yadzo pamapazu matatu akasiyana: mutungamiriri, mutongi, uye mutongi. Uku kuparadzana kwamasimba kwakarongedzerwa kudzivisa chinhu chipi nechipi kuwana udzori hwakawanda zvikuru uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti udzori hunoitiswa nokuzvidavirira nokujeka. Gadziriro inovakirwa panheyo yokuti simba rinofanira kuparadzirwa uye kudzikamiswa.

Bazu Rine Vatungamiriri

Bazu guru rine mutoro wokushandisa nokuisa mitemo. Rinowanzotungamirirwa nemusoro wehurumende, zvakadai se presidenti kana suturesi [, uye rinobatanidza dare readvisors namasangano ehurumende akasiyana- siyana. Mumasangano apurezidhendi akafanana neUnited States, purezidhendi anobatira vose vari vaviri musoro wenyika nomukuru wehurumende, anoshandisa chiremera chakazvimirira. Mumasangano eparamende, mushumiri mukuru mukuru mukuru ndiye musoro wehurumende uye akasarudzwa kubva kubazu remitemo, achiumba kubatanidzwa kwapedyo namasimba enyika. Basa guru resangano rehurumende rinobatanidza [FTB] , dare rehurumende redzimwe nyika dzose, uye kutungamirira hurumende kutungamirira hurumende.

Bazu Romutemo

Bazu remitemo idare rokuita mitemo, rinowanzonzi Congress, Parameter, kana kuti Gungano reNyika. Iro rine mutoro wokunyora, kukwikwidza, uye kuisa mutemo. Mumitemo yebhimeral, imba yomutemo inokamurwa kuva dzimba mbiri: imba yakaderera (inowanzonzi Imba yeVamiririri kana kuti Imba yeCommons) uye imba yapamusoro (yakadai seDare reSangano). Imba yepasi inomirira vanhu pamwero mukuru, nepo imba yepamusoro inogoverawo nzvimbo kana kuti nyika. Bazi remitemo rinodzorawo kushamba yehurumende, kupfuudzira nokubhadhara mitero. Kuwedzerazve, kazhinji ine chiremera pamusoro pebazu, kubatanidza mano okunzvera uye, mune mamwe masangano, kubvisa zviremera kana kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vebasa pahofisi.

Bazu Rokutonga

Bazu rinotonga rinodudzira mitemo uye rinova nechokwadi chokuti inowirirana nebumbiro remitemo. Rinoumbwa negadziriro yematare, ine dare rapamusoro kana kuti dare rebumbiro remitemo pamwero wakakwirira zvikurusa. Vatongi vari pabazu rino vakagadzwa chaizvoizvo panzvimbo pokusarudzwa, gadziriro yakaitirwa kuvadzivirira padzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika uye inobvumira kuita zvisarudzo zvisina ruramisiro. Bazu redare rinotonga rine simba rehwirudzuro ye [[FLT:], iyo inobvumira kuputsa mitemo kana kuti mabasa makuru anoputsa mutemo. Iro rinoita kuti riite nzvero yokusasarura pamamwe mapazu maviri, rinochengeta maruramiro omutemo mumwe nomumwe uye rinotsigira mutemo.

Kuongorora uye Dzikamo Zvinoshanda

Mazano egadziriro yemabhii matatu anogona kupfuudzwa ne michina nechiyero [ izvo bazu rimwe nerimwe rinoshandisa pane dzimwe. Somuenzaniso, purezidhendi (anotambudza) anogona kupfuudzwa nomutemo unopiwa neCongress (mutongo wezvikamu zvitatu), asi Chirongwa cheDare chinogona kukunda kuti nechepakati pezvikamu zviviri zvinovhota. Dare repamusoro redare (reredhiya) rinogona kuzivisa mutemo unopfuudzwa neCongresssion uye wasainwa napurezidhendi kuti urege kudzorwa. Vatongi vakuru vebazi vanofanira kusimbisa kugadzwa ikoko. Iri basa rinodzorwa rakakomba rinofanira kuvimbisa kuti pasati paine dare ringatongogona kuita pasina kutarisa vamwe. Ironge yakagadzirwa, kana kuti risaitwe nokuda kwechiito.

Kusiyanisa Kunoita Masangano Ehurumende Kusiyana Nehurumende

Nepo muenzaniso webhuranti unozivikanwa navose, kupedza kwayo kunosiana zvikuru munyika. Mu United States, gadziriro idemocracy yapurezidhendi ane kuparadzana kwakasimba kwamasimba. Purezidhendi anosarudzwa nenzira yakasiana nedare rinovhotera uye anoshandisa nguva yakatarwa. Mu [[FLT:] United Kingdom , sisitemu idemocracy apo mukuru wehurumende (gurukota guru nekabhataro) inotapurwa sei kubva kuidzo inoumbwa nehurumende uye inogona kubviswa sei nevhotera. Marudzi mazhinji akawanda eEurope anoshandisa gadziriro yezviwiriranwa, semienzaro, apo purezidhendi mukuru wehurumende anogoverana. Kunzwisisa uku kunokosha nemhaka yokuti anoumbwa sei, uye kuti igadzirirwe sei. [F4]

Kusarudza Kukuru: Nhano Yokutanga Mukusarudza

Sarudzo huru imakwikwi omukati ayo mabato ezvamatongerwe enyika anoshandisa kusarudza vadaviri vavo nokuda kwokusarudza kwavo kwavose. Iwo anoramba achirangarirwa, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji kazhinji kusanzwisiswa, rutivi rwemuitiro wedemocracy. Nepo sarudzo dzavose dzichisarudza kuti ndiani ari mubasa, sarudzo huru inosarudza kuti ndiani achakwikwidza musarudzo iyoyo yavose.Izvi zvinovaita mutoo wakasimba wokuumba purogiramu yezvamatongerwe enyika nechisarudzo zvinowanika kuvavhoti.

Kusarudza Kunokosha Ndekupi?

Sarudzo huru ndiro dare rokutanga umo vavhoti vanosarudza vada kutora mubato rezvamatongerwe enyika kuti vashande musarudzo yavose. Vakundi vevaprimite vanova vamiriri vakuru vebato. Vaparidzi vakasiana navakuru vakuru vebato, iyo iri misangano yomunzvimbomo umo mitezo inokurukura nokuvhota mugadziriro inobvisa maruramiro. Nepo vavhoti vava vapangi vakakurumbira zvikuru, vapamberi venzvimbo dzamabasa mumibato muruwa zhinjisa uye nyika dzinovashandisa. Muitiro mukurusa unovandudzwa mu [[FLT: 0] United States , asi mudzimwe hurumende, kubatanidza Canada, Argentina, Argentina namarudzi anoverengeka.

Nhau uye Kushanduka - shanduka Kwemhosva

Gadziriro huru yesarudzo yakatanga mukuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi20 mukati me Nhambo inofambiswa sesangano rokuchinja rakananga kuderedza simba remapurisa ebato nemichina yezvamatongerwe enyika. Pamberi pePrimite, vaisarudzwa mukokorodzano dzakavharwa dzaidzorwa namapati. Kuchinja kwakatangwa kwemaPromendi kuti apane nhengo dzebato rimwe nerimwe inzwi rakananga mukusarudza muwirirano. Nokufamba kwenguva, tsika yakabva kubva pafariro inofambira mberi kuva muitiro wakaoma uye pane dzimwe nguva unoumba kudzorwa kwemapatomato ezvematongerwe enyika. Nhasi, maPrimim anoitwa mavakito mava anodzorwa muverejini eAmerica uye anogamuchirwa nenzira inowedzera kutora rutivi rwezvirongwa zvemadhimonika.

Marudzi Ezvikwereti

Mitemo inodzora inogona kuvhota inosiyana zvikuru nehurumende nenyika, uye mitemo iyi inogona kubatsira zvikuru pazvakazoitika. Kunzwisisa marudzi akasiyana - siyana kunokosha kuti tinzwisise simba rematongerwe enyika riri kutamba.

Mari Dzakavharwa

Mune yakavanzwa, vavhoti bedzi avo vari mitezo yakanyoreswa yebato rezvamatongerwe enyika vanogona kuvhota muchinhu chikuru chebato iroro. Iyi gadziriro yakarongedzerwa kudzivisa mitezo yamapoka anopesana kubva ku "kuyambukira" kupesvedzera rimwe boka. Vavhoti vanovhara vanopinda zvikuru mundangariro nemhaka yokuti mitezo yebato yakatsaurirwa zvikurusa bedzi.

Zvikwereti Zvakazaruka

Mune zvikurukuru, muvhoti upi noupi akanyoreswa anogona kutora rutivi mubato ripi neripi guru, pasinei zvapo nesonganiro yavo vamene. Voter vanosarudza kuti ndoupi wokutanga wokuvhota apo vanosvika panzvero. Vavhuri vakarongwa kukurudzira vazvimiriri kuti vatsigire kutora rutivi rukuru uye kubvumira vavhoti vane mwero kuva neshoko mumuitiro wokusarudza. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti vavhuri vanogona kutungamirira ku "kuvhotera," uko mitezo yebato rimwe rinovhotera noune mubato mukurusa webato rinoshora. United States yakadai, Virginia, uye Wisconsin vanoshandisa mapriv.

Matura Akavharwa

Chinovharwa kaviri itsika yakavhengana. Vavhoti vasina kuvharwa kana kuti vakazvimirira vanogona kusarudza kuti idi rebato kuti vavhote, asi mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa inogona kuvhota mubato ravo. Iyi nzira inobvumira vanhu vanozvimirira kutora rutivi pavanenge vachiri kukwanisa kudzora boka. Kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira pakati pegadziriro dzakavharwa nedzisina kumira uye dzinoshandiswa munyika dzakadai seIllinois, New Hampshire, uye North Carolina.

Michina Miviri Yepamusoro naRaked-Choice Primies

Mamwe maganhu akabviswa chose chose kubva parusarudzo rwemagariro echikamu. pamusoro-pane vaviri. , vose vanoda kubhabhatidzwa vanomhanya pabhoti rimwe chete pasinei zvapo nebato. Vaviri vanogamuchira vavhoti vazhinjisa kurusarudzo. Kana pasina anogamuchira voruzhinji, kunyange kana vari vomubato mumwe chete. California, Washington, neNebraska vanoshandisa tsika ino. vanorega kuvhotera vanhu vazhinji kuti vaende kunzvimbo inoteverwa munhevedzano. Kana pasina anowana voti yokutanga yechoces, muvhotera namavhotera mashomanene anobviswa, uye vovhotera vavo vanodzorwa. Rutsungi rwaRFLT. Rutsungiri runopfuurira kupfumisa maguta makurusai.[Fose-Fose.]

Kukosha Kwezvisarudzo Zvokutanga

Sarudzo huru inopfuura zvikuru nhano yezvisarudzo mukarenda. Zvinobatira mabasa anokosha anoverengeka anoumba nzvimbo yose yezvamatongerwe enyika. Chokutanga, inoda kutsiva zvinyorwa zvavadari [ kuti vavhotera vachasarudza murusarudzo rwavo. Ikoku kunoreva kuti muitiro wokutanga unoganhurira nenzira inobudirira munda ndokuronga mitanharo yekurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika. Chechipiri, [[FLT:]] vagari vemubato kuratidzira zvido zvavo [[[FLT: 3]] uye kupesvedzera mufambiro webato. Apo vanopa mamiriro ezvinhu anowanzova vaidzwa namashoko avo. [FFFF], vanoshandura zvikuru, vanowana.[3] [FFFF]

Kuchinja Kunoita Utsotsi Hwematongerwe Enyika

Mitemo yesarudzo yokutanga ine tapuro huru parudzi rwavada kukunda uye mitemo yavanotsigira. Mumasumo akavharwa, umo vavhoti vanopfuura vose bedzi, vada kufambira kukwirira kutsika kuti vakwidzire. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kukuita kuti pave nokuwedzera. uko vakundi vakuru vanyanyonyanyisa kupfuura vavhoti vakuru, vachiita kubvumirana zvisina kufanira muhurumende. Muvavhuri, vada kukumbira kuva vazhinji, vateereri vane mwero zvikuru, vanogona kubudisa vatendi vePristrinomes. Muitiro mukuru, nokupesana, unogona kutungamirira kumakwikwikwidzani makuru pakati pavasaruri vaviri vanobva paboka rimwe chetero, kubvisa nenzira inobudirira mapoka ava vanobva mudzinza. Kunzwisisa uku ndiko kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoda kunzvera mugumisiro kana kuti agadzirire.

Kutsoropodza Nedenho Zvinosarudzwa Zvikurusa

Pasinei zvapo nemavara avo edemokrase, sarudzo huru hadzina kushaikwa navatsoropodzi vavo. Kuitira hanya kumwe kukuru ndiko muvhoti mukuru anotora. Sarudzo huru kazhinji kazhinji dzinokwezva vavhoti vashoma zvikuru kupfuura sarudzo dzavose, kazhinji kazhinji dzinoda kudarika 20% dzevavhoti vakakodzera munyika dzakawanda. Ikoku kunoreva kuti kurongwa kuduku, kunonyandurwa zvikuru kwevhotera kunogona kuva nepesvedzero yakakomba pane anosarurwa. Kuwedzera kuvhotera kukuru. Kumwe kutsoropodza ndiko kuti vavhotera vanogona [[FLT:]] kudzorwa kupfuurira kusingasviki, vapfumi vokwa [[FLT:], sezvinogoverwa zvikuru, sezvo vatendi vanowana vanowana kubatira nzvimbo dzapamhindiro. [5]

Nguva Yemberi Yezvisarudzo Zvokutanga

Gadziriro yokutanga iri kupedzisa mukupindura kuidzi tsoropodzo. Zvikamu zvinoverengeka zvakagamuchira kana kuti zviri kuedza kuvhota kwapakarepo mumibato, inogona kuderedza sundo yokutsigira kwakaipa uye kubudisa vawiri venhando netsigiro huru. Pane fariro inokura mu [ hoteration primes [[[[FLT]]] Primes] Primes [[[FLT]]]] senzira yokuderedza nayo kutora rutivi nokuwedzera. Vamwe vatsigiridzi vanokarakadza vanokarakadza [[[FLT:]] yapamburira mberi.[5], apo zvose zvinotaura kuti kudzorwa kwavo pazuva rimwe chete, kubvisa betsero isina kunaka yemagaro apakuvamba. Chiteshinanwawo chokutamba nokuedza kupfurikidza kutora reze.[Fractive-s]

Kubatanidza Masangano eHurumende Nezvisarudzo Zvokutanga

Gadziriro yehurumende nesarudzo huru zvinobatanidzwa zvikuru. Chimiro chehurumende . kungangova chapresidente, papalamende, kana kuti chishatiso chaidzoro. Mugadziriro yapurezidhendi, progameters ikakwirira, makwikwi makuru nemhaka yokuti mukundi anogona kuva munhu ane simba gurusa mune zvenyika. Musangano reparamende, maPretarymmendium haawanzooneka zvikuru nemhaka yokuti mutungamiriri mukuru anosarudzwa nebato, kwete zvakananga navanovhota, uye kunyanyonangidzirwa paruvara. Rudzi rwegadziriro hurusa inogonawo kupesvedzera kushanda kwehurumende. Somuenzaniso, masangano akavharwa anogona kubudisa masangano makuru, ayo anogona kusimbisa chirango murutsoro. Pritiotempti inowanawo vamwe vatungamiriri vadzo vanogona kubudisa vadzorerwi vadzore.

Mazano Anoshanda Kune Vari Mumabhuku

Vavhoti vanoda kushandisa zvakanaka inzwi ravo mumuitiro wedemokrasi, kunzwisisa tsika yokutanga kunokosha. Cherechedza nyika yako mitemo yokutanga kuti uzive kana uchigona kutora rutivi uye kuti inzvimbo ipi huru. Kana wanyoreswa nebato, ziva kuti nzvimbo dzako huru dzingavharwa kana kuti kuvhura. Kana iwe uri munhu akazvimirira, ungakwanisa kuvhota mune dzimwe nzvimbo asi kwete dzimwe. Nzvera vavhotera mudanho guru, kwete kungosarudza kwavo chete. Tarira nzvimbo dzavo dzemitemo, chinyorwa chavo, uye kuvhotera kwavo. pinda misangano yomunzvimbomo kana kuti masangano enzvimbo kana kuti masangano akasarira kana kuchibvira. Kuvhotera kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kunotapura zvikuru kupfuura kuvhotera nemhaka yokuti vanhu vashoma, vanotora rutivi rwako. Chino chapa funga kupfurikidza kupfumisa kupfupikisa kupfumira kupfumira. Chikamu chapa chinyorwa chakashamira kuvhoti kana kuti chitsarutsorororororororo chakaza.

mhedziso

Gadziriro yehurumende nesarudzo huru zvinhu zviviri zvinokosha zvikurusa zvezvisarudzo zvokutonga kwehurumende. Kunzwisiswa kwakasimba kwenzira iyo mapazu matatu ehurumende anoshanda nayo kunopa nayo hwaro hwokunzwisisa kuti mitemo inogadzirwa sei ndokushandiswa. Kunzwisiswa kwakakwana kwesarudzo huru kunotsanangura kuti vanosarudzwa sei uye kuti nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika inoumbwa sei. Zviviri izvi zvirongwa zvinosarudza kuti ndiani ane simba uye kuti simba iroro rinoshandiswa sei. Nokudzidza pamusoro pazvose, vavhoti vanogona kudzora basa rokuvhotera nechivimbo, kuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva pabhokisi rebhoroti, uye zvinoparira shati yezveripo yezvoruzhinji ine utano, inoda zvikuru. Sangano yacho yakaoma, asi ndeyavanhu, uye vagari vanoziviswa idziviriro yakanakisisa pakuparadzwa kwayo.