Hwaro Hwesimba Rezvamatongerwe Enyika

Sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo dzinosarudza vakuru vakuru vanoita zvisarudzo pamusoro pokugara munzvimbo, mari yechikoro, mapurisa, uye utano hwevanhu. zvisarudzo izvi zvinoumba upenyu hwezuva nezuva zvakananga zvikuru kupfuura mitemo yehurumende yakawanda, bva muvhoti anowanzova pasi pe25% muUnited States. Migumisiro yesarudzo idzi inoparira mugumisiro mukuru zvikuru kupfuura horo yeguta, zvichipesvedzera nzvimbo dzebato rehurumende, uye zvinoiswa pakutanga nemitemo, uye boka ravanoda kuwanika nokuda kwenzvimbo dzakakwirira.

Apo vavhoti vanofuratira sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo, ivo vanopotsa banza guru rokuumba paipi yezvamatongerwe enyika. Chigaro chedare reguta kana kuti hofisi yemeya zvinogona kubatira sebhurokwa renzvimbo dzehurumende nehurumende. Mukuwirirana neNational League of Cities, inopfuura 40% yavanesitendi veU. yakambobatira muhurumende yomunzvimbomo. Iyi nzira inoreva kuti mipimo, mitemo, uye mibatanidzwa yakavakwa pamwero yomunzvimbomo pakupedzisira inogona kutamira kuWashington, D.C. Kunzwisisa uku kubatanidzwa kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa simba rakazara rezvamatongerwe enyika zveAmerica.

Pesvedzero inofambirana mumativi ose ari maviri. Miitiro yezvamatongerwe enyika yenyika negadziriro dzemari zvinopinda nenzira inowedzera mumadzinza omunzvimbomo. Matare ebato reNational nePC makuru zvino zvino anopedza mamirioni pamakwikwi eboka rechikoro nezvigaro zvemibatanidzwa yeruwa, achiziva kuti aya marudzi anogona kubatira senzvimbo dzokuedza nadzo kutumira nokuvhota. Uku kushatisa kwomunzvimbomo mutaundi duku kunoreva kuti sarudza romunzvimbomo rinogona kugovera zviratidzo zvapakuvamba zvemhesano dzorudzi.

Makwaya Anoita Chibvumirano uye Kuchinja Miitiro

Sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo inzvimbo inowanika zvikurusa nokuda kwokutora rutivi kwenzanga. Misangano yehoro yetaundi haidi kujekeswa kwechengeteko, uye vada kugogodza kazhinji kazhinji somunhu oga pamasuo. Uku kuva pedyo kunosimudzira rudzi rwokuvimbisana runovaka chivimbo mumasangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Nzvero yeHnight Foundation pamusoro pechivimbo chenzanga inoratidza kuti vagari vanovhota musarudzo yomunzvimbomo sezvingabvira zvikuru 50% vanodavira nhau dzavo dzokuvhota pamwero pamwero wenyika, kuchiparira chiito chinosimbisa utano hwedemocracy.

Kutangwa kwemitemo kunowanzovamba muhoro dzeguta nezvivako zvokudzora zveruwa. Maguta akadai sePortland, Oregon, akapayona miganhu yokukura kweguta, pfungwa yakagamuchirwa gare gare namasangano okuronga enharaunda uye yakakurukurwa mumitengo yezvokufambisa yehurumende. Mitemo yeguta reSan Francisco yakapesvedzera kurukurirano dzokuvakwa kwevatami vehurumende yose. Purogiramu yenyika yeCleveland yakava muenzaniso wepashure pemari yeFox Belt. Mienzaniso iyi inoratidzira kuti kuedza kwomunzvimbomo kunogadzira rabhoratori yemitemo yenyika.

  • Kuchinja: Mineapolis rakava guta guru rokutanga reUnited States kugumisa mhuri imwe inoumba muna 2018, muitiro zvino unokurukurwa mumitemo yemitemo yenyika yose.
  • mari yakapfuvurisa inowedzera: mutemo weSattle wemari shoma yeSattle muna 2014 wakamutsa fungu remitemo yakafanana mumaguta nehurumende, pakupedzisira richiumba kurukurirano yenyika pamuitiro wemiripo.
  • Kuchinja: Mabhodhi ehwirudzuro enzvimbo yomunzvimbomo uye mirau inomanikidzirwa mumaguta akadai seCamden, New Jersey, uye Los Angeles zvakazivisa mutemo wehurumende wakadai seGeorge Floyd Justice muPolicing Act.

Iyi mifungo inobudirira kana kuti inokundikana pamwero womunzvimbomo, ichigovera mashoko anokosha nebutiro rezvamatongerwe enyika nokuda kwavatungamiriri venyika. Apo muitiro unoshanda muguta rakasiana - siana, kunova kuri nyore zvikuru kuti vaiti vemitemo vehurumende vakwidzire kugamuchirwa kwayo pamwero mukuru zvikuru.

Muti Wematongerwe Enyika: Kubva kuGuta Kusvika kuGariro

Matanho ebasa kubva kuhofisi yomunzvimbomo kuenda kumbiri yorudzi anosanopupurirwa. Mapurezidhendi Franklin Roosevelt, Lyndon Johnson, naJoe Biden vose vakavamba mabasa avo ezvamatongerwe enyika munzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo. MuCongress yazvino, 60% yavamiriri vaibatira mumitemo yehurumende, uye nhamba huru yaichengeta mahofisi emanisiparatisi pamberi paikoko. Iyi nhau inodzokororwa nemhaka yokuti inoparira boka ramatongedzero rezvamatongerwe enyika avo vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwakananga runodzora nzanga chairwoirwo(*), kupindura kumigariro yengozi, uye kufambisa mapoka ezvikomborero zvomunzvimbomo.

Mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika enyika anoisa mari yakawanda mukunyoresa kwavagari vemo nokuda kweichi chikonzero. Beji rakasimba ravakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo rinogovera paipi nokuda kwamarudzi esangano negubernary yomunguva yemberi. Democratic Legassive Campaign Committee neRepublican State Leadership Committee inopedza makumi amamirioni rimwe nerimwe kusimudzira vadaviriri pamwero wenyika, vachiziva kuti ava vanhu vachava vada kuzova vamiririri venzvimbo yakakwirira mumakore anotevera. Sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo nokudaro dzinoshanda segadziriro yepurazi yema yemapoka erudzi.

Sarudzo ya2010 inoratidza kuti zvigaro zvehurumende zvakanyatsosimba. MaRepublicas akawana zvigaro zvinopfuura 680 uye aidzora masangano 26 ehurumende pashure pesarudzo iyoyo. Iri fungu rakabudisa chizvarwa chitsva chavatungamiriri vaienda kundotsvaka Congress, zvichiita kuti Republican itange kutonga Imba muna 2010 uye Dare muna 2014. Mugumisiro wekusarudzwa kwa2010 hauna kungoratidza pfungwa yenyika yose.

Kuchinja Musimba Reboka Nenzira Yenyika

Sarudzo yomunzvimbomo inoguma nenhau dzinowirirana navavhoti uye mutamboi wapasi womubato wakasimba zvikuru. Pashure pesarudzo yeboka rezvikoro 2021, rukundo rweRepublica mumaruwa akaratidzira funganyo yavabereki iri kukura pamusoro petsika yedzidzo, musoro wakadzora 2022 pakati penhambo. Nenzira yakafanana, Democratic monder in Sun Belt retivement communists inokarakadza pamusoro pekuchinja kwavagari vemo yezvizvarwa zvehondo zvehondo zveReshapeial targery.

Idzi zviratidzo zvinobvumira mapati enyika kugadziridza kugoverwa kwawo kwokutumira mashoko nezvipi. Komiti yeDemocratic National Committee zvino inoronga maboka ezvikoro sechiratidzo chikuru chemirangariro yomuvhoti womumusha. Republican National Committee inoshandisa miuyo yeruwa kuti ione nharaunda umo vada kutora mari vanogona kutora nzvimbo nokuda kwamakwikwi enyika yose. Iyi mitoo yemajere enyika ino inochinja madzinza omunzvimbomo kuva mubato wenyika yose.

Kuchinja kwesimba rebato pamwero womunzvimbomo kunogonawo kuita kuti pave nesangano resangano. Boka rinodzora horo dzeguta namapuranga eruwa kwegumi ramakore rinogona kupesvedzera miitiro yaro yechikoro, kupesvedzera kukura kwezvemari kwomunzvimbomo munzira idzo dzinopfuurira kunyange pashure pechinjo yezvamatongerwe enyika yorudzi. Iyi pesvedzero yenhambo refu ndeicho chikonzero nei sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo dzinova negadziriro dzemibatanidzwa yezvorudzidziso yorudzi dzakadai seAmerican Legislative Ex Exchange Council (ALC) neboka rinofambira mberi Indidiation.

Fundo Yenyaya: Virginia House of Mitezo Inosarudzwa muna 2017

Virginia House of Mitcherys ya1717 yakawana Sarudzo yeDemocrates yanhonga zvigaro 15, ichipotodza kamuri kubva pa66-344 Republic voruzhinji ndokuparadzana 51-49. Iri dhisvoni harina kuitika mupeyi. Rakaratidza kuti musasa waipesana naPresidenti Donald Trump uye yakaita kuti pave neboka idzva revaDemocratic commerce, vakawanda vavo vakanga vari vakadzi uye vanhu vane ruvara rwakasiyana - siyana rwebasa kwenguva yokutanga. Migumisiro yacho yakakurumidza kupesvedzera kurukurirano dzorudzi pamusoro pe2018185 katikati pamamitenhuro, ichiratidza kuti musoori weguta reGOP. Sarudzo yomunzvimbomo muVirginia 2017 yakava kudengenyeka kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwakavapozve nokuda kwemagariro dzenyika dzegore rakatevera.

Voter Demographics: Canary yomunzvimbomo muMugodhi weCoal

Sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo dzinozivisa chinjo dzevagari vomunyika dzisati dzanyoreswa zvizere munzvero dzenyika. Kukwirira kwapanzvimbo dzinogara vanhu mumativi akadai seGeorgia, Texas, uye Arizona kwakaona kuchinja kwezvivhoti zvomunzvimbomo zvakatangira chinjo dzenyika. Somuenzaniso, Gunett County, Georgia, nzvimbo yaichimbova yeRepublic housedrian, yakavamba kusarudza vamiriri veDemocratic community nemitezo yezvikoro muma2000. Iyi komba yomunzvimbomo yakafananidzira Joe Biden’s mukuwina muGeorgia muna 202020 uye kusanangurwa kwaSetars Raphael Warnock neJon Osoff.

  • Age: muAnn Arbor, Michigan, vavhoti vaduku vanosarudza nguva dzose mitezo inofambira mberi yedare reguta, vachisunda nhau dzakadai semari inokwana nechinoitika chomugariro wemo. Iyi miraudzo yomunzvimbomo inoumba purani nokuda kwedanho rehurumende.
  • Race nedzinza: Kuratidzirwa kunowedzera kwavadaviriri veLatino neAsia America pamapuraidhi echikoro omunzvimbomo namadare emaguta munharaunda dzakadai seCentral Valley yeCalifornia kwakamanikidzira mapati enyika kukurukura nhau dzakadai sokuchinja kwokutama uye kusvika kwomutauro.
  • Kuwana mari nemari:[[[FLT: 1] Masabhabhu akadzidza zvikuru anowanzoisa mikana yokushandisa mari yokufambisa nemirairo yemhoteredzo pamwero womunzvimbomo, nhau idzo gare gare dzinova nheyo dzemateru eDhemocratic.

Somuenzaniso, matare anoona nezvematongerwe enyika akaongorora kuwanda kwevanhu munharaunda yacho kuti vasarudze zvichazoitika munyika yose.

Zvinetso Zvinokanganisa Kusarudza Munzvimbo

Kubvira kwesarudzo dzomunzvimbomo kunodziviswa nezvinetso zvezvivako zvinoderedza pesvedzero yavo. Kusakendenga kwezvisarudzo kunoramba kuri mhinganidzo inopfuurira zvikurusa, sarudzo dzamanisiparati kazhinji kazhinji dzinoita pasi pe 15% yavavhoti vakanyoreswa. Iyi nhambo yakaderera inoita kuti hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzisave dzinomirira (kodhe, chena, uye dzakapfuma kupfuura nzanga dzadzinobatira. Pari kubatanidzwa kunoshatiswa, mitemo inobva mukuvhotadzoro dzomunzvimbomo ingasaratidza chisarudzo chaichoirwo, ichideredza kunaka kwemahofisi ezvamatongerwe enyika anodhuro.

Kushandisa mari kunoramba kuchikanganisa migumisiro. Nhangemutange yemakwikwi yemeya muguta rapakati pevhu inogona kudyira mari inopfuura mamiriyoni US $ $6, nepo kusarudza kwedare rechikoro kungada $50 000 kuti vaite nhimbe yamakwikwi. Kugona kupfuudza nokuwana upfumi, kana kuti tsigiro kubva kumapoka emari ine rima, kuwana betsero yakapfuudzwa. Dare repamusorosoro Chizezhin United chisarudzo chakagonesa ndyiko dzisingaganhuriwi dzinoshandiswa kushandira zvino dzinopinda mumijahoshonga yomunzvimbomo, kazhinji kazhinji kacho dzinovaita vadarirwe namasangano emirangariro yorudzi panzvimbo penzanga.

Kana ndudzi zhinji dzomunzvimbomo dzikasarudzirwa panzvimbo yomunzvimbomo dzinowedzera izvi zvinetso. Komishoni yeruwa namaruwa emagungano akasvasvasvavirira kudzivirira vavhotera kana kuti kuderedza simba rokuvhota vashomanene dzinogona kutsiva mumarudzi makuru. Apo ruzhinji rwamadzinza omunzvimbomo anosarudzwa mumadzinza makuru, muvhoti anoderera zvikuru, uye pesvedzero yemapoka akarongwa inokura. Kuchinja kwakadaro sokuzvimirira kwezvirongwa uye kuvhota kwakarongwa, kunogamuchirwa mumaguta saNew York neSan Francisco, kunovavarira kurwisa zvinetso izvi, asi kupedza kunoramba kuri kusina kufanira munyika yose.

Zvirongwa Zvokuita Kuti Kusarudza Kwomunharaunda Kuve Kunopesvedzera

Kuedza kunoshanda kunoverengeka kunogona kusimbisa batano pakati pemiuyo yomunzvimbomo namajeri enyika. Kutora kunowedzera muvhoti ndicho chinhu chakananga zvikurusa. Kuendesa sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo kumakore anoverengwa, kana kuti kuva nadzo pazuva rimwe chetero semakwikwi ehurumende nehurumende, kunogona kusimudzira kutora kupfurikidza ne 50%. California neOregon vakaedza namaposi ayo anowedzera kukwira mumadzinza ose, kubatanidza mahofisi omunzvimbomo.

Nhungamiro dzedzidzo dzinosimbisa tapuro yakananga yemahofisi omunzvimbomo dzinobetserawo.Masangano eNonpartis akafanana neChinzwano chaVakadzi Voters anobudisa nhungamiro dzinotsanangura kuti dare reguta rinosarudza sei gadziriro yedzimba kana kuti zvisarudzo zveboka rechikoro pazvinofundwa zvinotapura sei upenyu hwevagari vemo. Apo vavhoti vanonzwisisa kuti vakuru vakuru vavo vomunzvimbomo vanopesvedzera mitero yezvinhu, chengeteko yavose, uye rudzi rwechikoro, vanosundwa zvikuru kutora rutivi.

Kutsigira mapaipi evanoda kutevedzerwa akasiyana - siyana ndiimwe nzira inokosha. Zvirongwa zvakadai seRun for Thint and EMERGE America zvinowana ndokurovedza vaduku, vanoda kupiwa mahofisi omunzvimbomo akasiana - siana. Masangano aya akabetsera kuwedzera kuratidzwa kwavakadzi navanhu vane mavara pamadare eguta uye mabhodhi ezvikoro, izvo zvinobatanidzawo mipimo inodzorwa kuhurumende nemwero yenyika. Hurumende yomunzvimbomo yakasiana - siana ine bviro zvikuru yokukurukura nhau dzakadai sedzimba dzinodhura, mabasa okufambisa vatamisi, uye kuzvidavirira kwamapurisa (*issues) dzinodzora zvikuru kurukurirano yorudzi.

Mashoko Enhau uye Kusimbiswa Kwenhau Dzomunzvimbomo

Ukama hwezvinobudisa nhau nezvisarudzo zvomunzvimbomo hwachinja zvikuru nokuderera kwenhau dzomunzvimbomo. Muna 2023, mapepanhau omunzvimbomo anopfuura 2 500 akanga avharwa kana kuti abatanidzwa chifo cha 2004, achisiya nzanga dzakawanda dzisina kufukidzwa nemisangano yemakurukota eguta kana kuti nharo dzedare rechikoro. Uku kufumura kunoreva kuti nhau dzinokosha dzomunzvimbomo (kwakadai sokugamuchirwa kweguta kwomuitiro mutsva wokuvandudza wamapurisa kana kuti chisarudzo cheruwa chokubvisa raibhurari (h] kazhinji kazhinji dzinosacherechedzwa navateereri vorudzi kutozosvikira vava zviitiko zvokuratidzira.

Zvisinei, zviteshi zvemasangano enzanga nezvirongwa zvemichina zvakazadza zvishoma kusava nechinhu. Sarudzo yomunzvimbomo zvinova nekombariro paX (yaichimbova Twitter) naTik Tok apo inobatanidza nhau dzakakwirira sekodzero dzokubvisa pamuviri kana kuti kutora rutivi kwemitambo. Muna 2023, sarudzo yechikoro pamusoro pezvirambidzo zvemabhuku eraibhurari yakakweva nechero yevhidhiyo yomunzvimbomo, pakupedzisira ichipesvedzera madzinza ehurumende ezvemitemo. Irori simba idzva rinoreva kuti rudzi rutsva rwomunzvimbomo runogona kuva chiteshi chetsika dzetsika dzorudzi, kuchikuchidziridza tapuro yarwo panzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kubudisa kwehurumende kwakatanga kuisa mari mukufukidza sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo sorutivi rwegadziriro yavo yenyika. The New York Times uye Washington Post nguva dzose] inotumira vatori venhau kuti vafukidze marudzi makuru emongiri wemongiria uye vvurongwa hweruwa, vachiziva kuti aya makwikwikwi anogovera mashoko apakuvamba patsika dzevhoti uye kubudisa bhii. Somuenzaniso, 2023 sarudzo yemongi muChicago, iyo yakaita mukwidzi anofambira mberi mukurwisana nepakati pepakati pepakati pepakati pemijango yeDdemocratic Party yeDhecratic Comment Party yenhau yeDerciography iri pamberi pekuvhondiyo 2024.

Zvakaitika Kare: Kufanoona Kunoita Mafungu Enyika

Kuongorora zvakaitika kare kunoratidza kuti zvinhu zvakanga zvisina kuchinja: Sarudzo yakaitwa makore maviri purezidhendi asati asarudzwa yaiwanzotarisira kuti nyika yose ichaguma sei.Sarudzo ya2005 yakatangira kugadzwa kweCongress muna 2006, yaimiririra kukunda kwevaRiphabliki muVirginia neNew Jersey gubernarian, yaimiririra kukunda kwePORP.

Sarudzo ya2009 inopa mumwe muenzaniso une simba. Gore iroro, Republicans vakawina nhangemutange dzezvikwata muNew Jersey neVirginia, uye mahofisi omunzvimbomo munyika yose. Izvi zvakaguma nezviratidzo kusagutsikana kukuru naPrezidhendi Barack Obama, achigadzirira nzira yeSangano reTea Party ra2010 iro rakachinjazve Dare reHurumende nedare rehurumende. Sarudzo dzemo dzakashanda segadziriro yenyevero yokutanga yenyongano dzenyika dzaizotevera.

Iri simba rinodeya kutaura rakaita kuti kunzvera kusarudzwa kwomunzvimbomo kuve chishandiso chinokosha nokuda kwamasayendisiti ezvamatongerwe enyika. Cook Political Report namamwe masangano anofanotaurwa zvino kubatanidza miuyo yesarudzo yenzvimbo yeruwa nemigumisiro yesarudzo yemienzaniso yadzo nokuda kwamarudzi. Tsitsiro yakasimba zvakakwana zvokuti 2% musarudzo dzomunzvimbomo inogona kuratidzira kuchinja 3=4% mumakwikwi anotevera enyika, kuchitsamira pamasimba anobva kunzvimbo.

Kuenzanisa Kwamarudzi Ose: Kusarudza Kwomunzvimbomo Mune Dzimwe Nyika

Sarudzo yevhoti dzomunzvimbomo pazvamatongerwe enyika zvorudzi hadzisati dziri dzoga kuUnited States. MuUnited Kingdom, sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo dzinowanzobatira senzvero yakakurumbira pakati penhambo nenhambo pabato rorudzi rinotonga. Sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo muEngland, umo Labour yakawana zvigaro zvedare zvinopfuura 400 pakurasikirwa kweConservatives, yakarangarirwa zvikuru sechiratidzo chokuwina kweLabour muchisarudzo chinotevera. Izvi zvakapesvedzera zvakananga muitiro wehurumende yeConservatives pat transvotion nedzimba.

MuGermany, sarudzo dzenzvimbo yehurumende ( Wandtagshallen) dzinogona kunetesa hurumende yomubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa kupfurikidza nokubvisa tsigiro dzeshamwari dzakabatana. Sarudzo dzehurumende 2018 muBavaria neHesse dzakaderedza pesvedzero yorudzi yeSocial Union yechiKristu neSocial Democrats, zvichitevera, zvichitungamirira kuchinjo yemitemo yehurumende pakutama uye chiito chemamiriro okunze. Nenzira yakafanana, muCanada, kusarudza kwamaruwa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzinoparira simba rebato dzomuruwa, sezvinooneka apo New Democratic Party yeRemocratic Party yakasimudzira kariro dzayo dzenyika yose.

Iyi nhau yamarudzi ose inosimbisa nheyo yapose pose: kushanda kwehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu segadziriro dzakabatana. Chinjo muparadziro yesimba romunzvimbomo dzinoparira zvisarudzo zvinozivisa kudzora kwenyika. United States, nechimiro chayo chehurumende uye sarudzo dzayo dzenguva dzose, inogovera muenzaniso wakajeka zvikuru, asi mutoo wacho unobatanidza hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzakakwirira.

Nzira Iri Mberi: Kusarudza Kwomunzvimbomo Sechinodenha

Sezvo kubatana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunowedzera muUnited States, sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo dzingatova dzakatokura zvikuru. Apo kudzorwa kwemitemo yehurumende muCongress kunodzivisa mutemo wenyika panhau dzakadai sechinjo yemamiriro okunze kana kuti kudzorwa kwepfuti, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinova nzvimbo huru dzechiito chemitemo. Miuyo yeiyi mikwikwidzano yomunzvimbomo ichagadza miganhu yeinobvira mune zvamatongerwe enyika pamwero yehurumende yegumi ramakore rinotevera.

Vatsigiri navatsigiri vanofanira naizvozvo kuisa sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo sechishandiso chakakosha nokuda kwechinjo yorudzi. Sangano dzakadai seNational League of Cities ne Center for American Progress dzakabudisa nhungamiro nokuda kwokupinda mumatongerwe enyika omunzvimbomo, dzichisimbisa kuti kuwina pamwero wedare reguta kunogona kuparira tapuro muhurumende uye pakupedzisira nyika. Zviwanikwa zviripo; denho yacho ivagari vemo vanopwisa kutarira kupfuura nhimbero yapurezidhendi ndokushandisa nguva yavo mumapoka anovaka zvirokwazvo simba rezvamatongerwe enyika kubva kumusoro.

Sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo hadzisiwo zvadzo zvinhu zvapakarepo kana kuti zvinoitika zvezvamatongerwe enyika.