Ukama pakati paPurezidhendi weUnited States nebazu remitemo ibwe rekona regadziriro yeAmerica yechekedzo nedzinodzikama. Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo "Masimba ose eMitemo" muCongress, Purezidhendi anoita basa guru mukugadzira mitemo. Kure nokuva mucherechedzi asingaiti basa, mukuru mukuru mukuru anoshandisa mhatsa yemitemo, yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye maturusi asina kurongwa kuumba mutemo. Kubva pamifananidzo yevhuro kusvikira kukushandiswa kwakarongwa kwe "chikuva mukuru," Purezidhendi nguva dzose vakapesvedzera izvo mitemo inopfuudzwa, kurambwa, kana kuti kuchinjwa. Kunzwisiswa kwakakwana kwamazano aya kunokosha nokuda kwavadzidzi, vadzidzi, vadzidzisi, uye vagari vanotsvaka kunzwisisa kuoma kwemiitiro yemitemo yomubatanidzwa.

Gadziriro Yomutemo Nebvumirano Yapurezidhendi

Rwendo rwechibvumirano kubva kupfungwa kuenda kumutemo inzira refu uye inodzongonyedza. Purezidhendi anogona kupindira panenge pachikamu chimwe nechimwe, kunyange zvazvo rugwaro rwokutanga ruri nzvimbo yemitezo yeCongress. Muitiro wacho unowanzotanga nokunyorwa kwemitemo, kazhinji kazhinji painenge iri dare revakuru vakuru. Madhipatimendi esangano uye masangano anogaropa zvikwereti kuvaiti vemitemo vane ushamwari, kupa mashoko, uye mitemo. Chikumbiro chemari yemari, somuenzaniso, inowanzobatanidza zvikarakadzo zvine udzame zvemitemo izvo zvinotangwa nesangano remitemo panguva iyoyo muCongress Congress.

Hurumende yeMubatanidzwa

Hurumende yegore negore yeUnion ndiimwe yenzvimbo dzinooneka zvikurusa kuti Purezidhendi atange purogiramu yemitemo. Muhurukuro iyi, Purezidhendi anoronga zvinhu zvinokosha, anoraira paCongress kuti aite chimwe chinhu panhau dzakati, uye denho dzenyika. Ichi chinodikanwa chebumbiro remitemo (Article II, Chikamu 3) chakashanduka kuva chinoitika chikuru chisingapinduri mhinduro, chakagadzirirwa kuparira dzvinyiriro yavose pavagadziri vemitemo uye chiratidzo icho White House inorangarira kuva chekurumidziro.

Basa Redare Nevaongorori

Basa gurusa remitemo rinoitwa mumatare esangano. Pesvedzero yaPurezidhendi pano inoratidzirwa kupfurikidza navakuru vakuru vebazu vanopupurira pamberi pamatare, vachigovera kunzvera kwounyanzvi nenzvimbo dzokutarisira. Mahofisi emitemo edzimba namabasa ewirirano emitemo zvemitemo zvinoshanda zvikuru nezvigaro zvedare nemitezo yakatanhamara kuumba zvikwereti mukati mokubhadharwa. Mapurezidhendi ebudiriro anochengeta kurukurirano yenguva dzose nemitezo yedare guru, pane dzimwe nguva anotumira vanyori vedare kuti vapupurire kana kuti vaite kuti Purezidhendi asongane nemitezo yedare pachivande.

Nharo Dzakaoma Nedzokuchinja

Kana bhiri racho rangosvika pauriri hweImba kana kuti Dare, Purezidhendi anogona kupesvedzera muuyo kupfurikidza nokudzorwa kwakananga. Kudanidzira kunobva kuOval Office, kokero kuzvinoitika zveNzvimbo Tsvene, uye kunyange rumbidzo yavose kana kuti kutsoropodza zvinogona kupesvedzera mitezo isingakwaniswi. Mutungamiririwo anotsamira pautungamiriri hwebato.(w) Mutungamiriri weImba naMajority Mutungamiriri weDare /) kuti adzore kurukurirano youriri, kudzora kuvhota, uye kuvimbisa kuti rugwaro rukwidzano.

Mukuwedzera, zvirongwa zvaPurezidhendi zvinofambira mberi mukati medanho redare redare, umo misiyano pakati peshanduro dzeImba neDare inoyananiswa. Zvinosarudzwa nedare zvinowanzokurukurwa zvisina kurongwa; chimiro chakaoma pagadziriro yakati chinogona kutungamirira vapinzwa kukuva nenzvimbo yapurezidhendi kudzivisa tyisidziro.

Simba Reveto

Vhito icherekedzo yakananga yaPurezidhendi yakakomba yakananga zvikurusa paCongress. Pasi peChikamu I, Chikamu 7, Mutungamiriri weNyika ane mazuva gumi (kupfuudza maSvondo) okuita papepa rinopfuura namakamuri ose ari maviri. Zvisarudzo ndezvokusaina mumutemo, kuubvumira kuva mutemo pasina sigine (kana kuti Chibvumirano chiri murusando), kana kuti kuidzosera. Chikamu chegweta chinodzo chinodzokera kuCongress, icho chinogona kuchibvisa bedzi namavhota maviri matatu mumakamu ose ari maviri(a bar)

Marudzi Emavhatoe

  • Nhevedzano: Mutungamiriri wehurumende anodzorera mutongo kunzvimbo inobva neshoko rinotsanangura zvirambidzo. Iri shoko rinogona kuva gwaro rine simba rinonyengetedza, rinodonongodza itiro hanya dzebumbiro remitemo, kusabvumirana kwemiitiro, kana kuti zvirambidzo zvemiitiro.
  • Pocket Veto: Kana Congress inoisa chivi muwindo rezuva gumi, Purezidhendi angangosaina haasati achizodzokera kuCongress, naizvozvo hapana banza rokushandisa. Iyi nzira inowanzoshandiswa pakupera kwerusando rwesangano uye inogona kumutsa nharo kana Masangano akakakavara rondedzero ye "Revotionmentation."

Kutyisidzira Kwevhayi Sechishandiso Chokufambisa

Zvichida tyisidziro dzinopesvedzera zvikuru kupfuura chiveto imene ityisidziro. Mapurezidhendi anopa nhevedzano ye "kurongwa kwegadziriro yokutonga" (SAP) mukati megadziriro yomutemo, nyevero Congress kuti Purezidenti achanyora mabhiri chaiwo kana ane gadziriro dzakati. Uku kutyisidzira kunogona kumanikidza Congress kuraira kuti idzivise vhiti, nenzira inobudirira kupa Purezidhendi chigaro patafura yedare kunyange pamutemo usati wapfuudzwa. Somuenzaniso, Purezidhendi George H. Bush akashandisa tyisidziro kubvisa chinjo kuChinjo kuChiteshinamba chemo cheEscoo Air Acts of 1990.

Chinyorwa chenhau chinoratidzira simba reveto. Kusvikira muna 2024, mapurezidhendi akabudisa mavetoe anopfuura 2 500 enguva dzose, ane madhipatimendi asingasviki 10% ari kushaikwa. Nemhaka yeidzi, mavetoes ehomwe akashandiswa kane mazana. Uwandu hwevetoes hunosiyana zvikuru. Roosevelt yakakurumbira, yakapa mari 635, nepo mamwe mapurezidhendi azvino uno akabudisa misiyano iri pasi pe 20.

Mirairidzo Yavane Chinzvimbo Chikuru Nenhungamiro Dzapurezidhendi

Apo pesvedzero yakananga yomutemo inokundikana kana kuti inofambira mberi zvikuru, mapurezidhendi anowanzotendeukira kumirairo yavakuru vakuru nezvimwe zviito zvisiri zvehurumende. Murairidzo mukuru unopiwa naPrezidhendi anotarisira mabasa ehurumende yehurumende. Nepo isiri mutsivi womutemo, mirairo yavakuru vakuru inobvumira purezidhendi kushandisa mitemo mukati memiganhu yomutemo uripo kana kuti kutungamirira kuti bazu guru riite sei mitemo.

Kukura uye Chiremera

Mirairo yavakuru vakuru inowana chiremera muBumbiro reMitemo (zvikurukuru Chitendero cha Claus muChikamu II) nemirau inopfuudzwa neCongress. Zvinotakura simba romutemo nokuda kwamasangano ehurumende uye zvinogona kushandiswa kutanga gadziriro itsva, kudzoserazve mari, kududzirazve miraudzo, kana kuti kutanga mauto. Mienzaniso mishomanene inobatanidza Harry Truman's desigration for org (Edective Order 9981), uye Franklin Rooselt's raration kubvumira chiJapanese American reminment (Exective Order 906). Mienzaniso mishoma yemisi inobatanidza Deservection for Child Agesalve Agedales (DA) purogiramu yechiuto yeObama nePrezidentiant Trumpy's redzo.

Miganhu uye Zvinetso Zvepamutemo

Mirairo yavakuru vakuru inomanikidzirwa neBumbiro reMitemo nemutemo uripo. Inogona kurohwa nematare ehurumende kana akapfuvura chiremera choupurezidhendi kana kuti rwisano nevavariro yesangano. Mukuwedzera, purezidhendi anotevera anogona kubvisa kana kuti kupedza murairo upi noupi woukuru mukuru neforoma yepeni (a rutivi runoita kuti mabasa akadaro ave asina kusimba zvikuru kupfuura mutemo. Vashoriwo vangadenhawo mirairo muAdheamperitaritaria Procediture Act kana kuti vakataura kuti vanoputsanyanya kuparadza masimba. National Archiverages inochengeta mutungamiriri wehurumende ] muronzeri wemirairo yose inobudiswa.

Mienzaminia Yapurezidhendi Nokuzivisa

Kuwedzera kumirayiridzo yevakuru vakuru, mapurezidhendi anoshandisa zviziviso zvehurumende kuti atungamirire masangano ehurumende.Mayranda anowanzotaura nhau dzehurumende uye haadi kuti nguva dzose mabhuku abudiswe muFederal Register.

Kusaina Kutaura

Chimwe chishandiso chinozivikanwa zvikuru asi chine simba imashoko okusaina. Apo purezidhendi anosaina chibvumirano mumutemo, pane dzimwe nguva vanopa mashoko akanyorwa anoratidza kududzira kwavo mutemo. Uku kutaura kungazivisa kuti gadziriro dzakati hadzina kusino pamutemo, dzinoratidza kuti bazu guru richashandisa sei mutemo, kana kuti kungopa chete tsinhiro dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Nepo kusaina mashoko kusina simba rakananga rapamutemo, kunogona kupesvedzera madudzire emasangano nematare.

Muitiro wacho wakava wakatanhamara zvikuru pasi paPurezidhendi George W. Bush, uyo akashandisa kusaina kutaura kudenha mazana egadziriro mumabhiri, kazhinji kazhinji achitaura kuti vakaputsa maruramiro apurezidhendi munhau dzokunze kana kuti chengeteko yenyika. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti kusaina kutaura kunowirirana ne "Etaful transfect" pasina chiremera chebumbiro remitemo, nepo vadziviriri vaizviona sezviito zvapamutemo zvebasa rokududzira raPresidenti. Nokuda kwechiunganidzwa chamashoko enhau, ona Chirongwa chaMagarisaichiAmerica.

Kukurudzira Mafungiro Evanhu

Kupfuura kuvimbisana zvakananga neCongress, Purezidhendi anoshandisa simba rokunyengetedza vanhu kuumba mhoteredzo yemitemo. Theodore Roosevelt akadana purezidhendi kuti "chikuva," uye pfungwa yacho inoramba iri pakati pazvo nhasi. Kupfurikidza nokuronga nhau, kuunganidza tsigiro yavose, uye kushandisa dzvinyiriro pavagadziri vemitemo, mapurezidhendi anogona kuita migariro yezvamatongerwe enyika iri madikanwa kuti mutemo upfuure [1] kana kuti nokuda kwezvikwereti zvisingafarirwi kuti zvife.

Zvinobudisa Nhau Zvemagamuchidzanwa Nezvemazuva Ano

Mapurezidhendi nguva dzose akashandisa hurukuro, misangano inobudisa, uye kero dzeredhiyo kukurukura zvinhu zvavo zvemitemo. Franklin Roosevelt's "Fiderest Chaps" yakabetsera kuvaka tsigiro nokuda kwepurogiramu dzeNew Deal. Kadhiro dzaReagan dzamatelefoni dzakabatanidza dzvinyiriro yavose nokuda kwemitero. Muzana ramakore rechi21, zviteshi zvemasangano avanhu zvakadai seX (yaichimbova mutevedzeri wemitemo) zvinobvumira purezidhendi kufuratira zvinobudisa nhau zvegamuchidzanwa ndokutaura zvakananga kumamirioni. Mutezo waPrezidhendi Trump, somuenzaniso, kazhinji kazhinji anoshandisa Trupy kuzivisa tyisidziro, kana kuti kutsoropodza mitezo yeDare reSangano, uye kuisa bhishopu yake shure kana kuti kurwisana nezvikwereti zvakananga.

Nhimbe Dzavose Nekudenha

Mapurezidhendi anowanzofamba kunze kweWashington kusimudzira zvirongwa zvavo. Misangano yenhimbe, horo dzetaundi, uye shanyo kumaruwa makuru zvinogona kuparira shoo yezvokubudisa nhau yomunzvimbomo ndokuisa dzvinyiriro pavamiriri kuti vatsigire White House. "Going Public" nzira yokutungamirira misoro yeCongress zvakananga kuvhotah(h) yakashandiswa nenzira inobudirira napurezidhendi wemativi ose ari maviri. Zvisinei, kubudirira kwayo kunotsamira pakuyera kwapurezidhendi uye mugariro wezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kushanda Nemitambo Yezvamatongerwe Enyika Neutungamiriri Hwemisangano Yechechi

Chikamu chaPurezidhendi zvichida ndicho chinorambidza zvikuru kubudirira kwemitemo. Apo boka rimwe chetero rinodzora zvose zviri zviviri White House neCongress, purezidhendi vanofarikanya mwero webudiriro yakakwirira zvikuru mukupfuudza zvinhu zvavo zvemitemo. Mukati meidzi nhambo dzehurumende yakabatana, Purezidhendi anobatira nenzira inobudirira somutungamiriri mukuru wevoruzhinji, anoumba purogiramu yewiscial kupfurikidza nepati, mashati, uye misangano youtungamiriri.

Kubatana Kweboka Nezvisungo

Vatungamiriri vebato guru muImba neDare vanoshanda pamwe chete neWhite House kuti vave nechokwadi chechirango. Boka remitemo raPurezidhendi rinokurukura neshamhu yebato, anoverenga vhoti uye anomanikidza mitezo kutsigira zvikwereti zvehurumende. Mutungamiriri wePrezidhendi angapa chimwe chinhu mukudzoka / tsigira chirongwa chechipfuva chenhengo yenhengo, kuoneka kwenhimberi, kana kuti mugove wedare rakanaka. Hurumende yakabatanidzwa inowanzoguma nomutemo wechiratidzo, wakadai seAffordcable Care Act (2010) pasi poMutungamiriri weObama naMuteshi Cuts neJobs Act (2017) pasi poMutungamiriri weSango Trump).

Hurumende Yakakamukana uye Kunetsa

Apo mapoka akasiana - siana anodzora White House nekamuri rimwe reCongress(a mugariro unonzi hurumende yakakamukana) zvinova pesvedzero yakaganhurirwa zvikuru uye inoda kurukurirano. Purezidhendi anofanira kazhinji kazhinji kubvumirana nebato rinoshora kupfuudza mutemo, kana kuti zvimwe kuvimba namajeni kuvhara zvikwereti zvisina kururama. Simba rehurumende rakakamukana rinogona kutungamirira kukudzikwa kwehurumende, kudzorwa kwemitemo, kana kuti kubatwa kwebipartistania kufanana ne 1986 Tax Reformation Act kana kuti 2021 Infracurectment Relition and Jobs Act. Mumigariro yakadaro, mano aPrezidhente okuvaka masangano okugura masangano anova anodenha.

Kubatsira Kunoita Dhayibhajeti: Rongedzero Yemabhangi yaPurezidhendi

Imwe yepesvedzero dzisina kunanga zvikurusa ina Purezidhendi pamitemo iri kupfurikidza negadziriro yemari yehurumende. Purezidhendi anotumira chikumbiro chemari yemari yegore negore kuCongress, achirondedzera zvokutanga zvemari, zvikarakadzo zvemari, uye chinjo dzemiitiro. Kunyange zvazvo Congress isingadiwi kugamuchira bhajeti yapurezidhendi, inobatira senzvimbo yokutanga yekurukurirano ndokugadza miganhu yekurukurirano.

Office of Management and Baccount (OMB), iyo inobetsera Purezidhendi, inoita basa guru mukunyora bhajeti nokuhwirudzura zvikumbiro zvesangano. OMB inopawo "Mitemo yeHofisi" pairindiro yomutemo, kugovera nzvimbo yehurumende uye kazhinji kazhinji kutyisidzira muganhu kana mari inopfuura miganhu yakati. Muitiro wemari unopesvedzera zvikuru zvokuti purezidhendi anowanzoishandisa kukarakadza chinjo huru dzemitemo (yakadai sokugadziridzazve zvoutano, kugadzirazve mutero, kana kuti gadziridzo dzomutemo dzinoda pamutemo dzakaparadza. (Mapepa emari ebhajekiti ebhajeti anowanika pa [[FLT:]] Home. Homesworgo/om /FFFF:1]

mhedziso

Basa raPurezidhendi mukuita mutemo rinopfuura zvikuru simba. Kupfurikidza nechirongwa chemazano, kupesvedzera kwakananga, kunyengetedza kwavose, mirayiridzo yavakuru, kusaina mashoko, uye mutoo wemari, mukuru mukuru anoramba achiumba tsinhirano yemitemo yehurumende yehurumende. Kubatanidza pakati pamapazu ehurumende nemitemo ine simba, anopesvedzerwa nesimba, nokudzorwa neboka, mano ezvamatongerwe enyika, miganhu, uye miganhu yemitemo. Kunzwisisa aya mabasa kunoreva kuti Purezidhendi anogona sei kuva mutungamiriri wenyika uye mutambi mukuru wemitemo yeChibvumirano chemitemo yeChibvumirano cheProginoloji (* nguva nenguva nenguva sechimbiso, dzimwe nguva semhinga, asi sesimba guru. Nokuda kwavadzidzi navadzidzi, zvishandiso zvinonzwisisa miganhuro yakakwana yeAmerica.