Simba Risingaperi Retsika Pakushatisa Mitemo Yeroorano

Roorano ndirimwe ramasangano enzanga akare zvikurusa neapose pose. Zvisinei, rondedzero yapamutemo neyamagariro haina kumbobvira yavapo. Kumanikidzirwa nokuda kwekodzero dzeroorano dzazvino uno − kubatanidza roorano youhuhuhu, roorano yedzinza rimwe chete, uye kubviswa kwemibatanidzwa yevatano yavanhurume nevarume nevakadzi . Zvinowanzobonderana netsika dzetsika dzakagara kwenguva refu. Magamuchidzanwa aya haasati ari magamuchidzanwa echinyakare; igadziriro dzakasimba zvikuru dzechitendero icho chinopesvedzera mitemo, kurukurirano dzezvamatongerwe enyika, uye murangariro wavose. Kunzwisisa kuti tsika dzinotapura kodzero dzeroorano dzinokosha dzinobetsera munhu upi noupi anotsvaka kufamba kana kuti kuchinja magariro.

Kuderedza uku kusawirirana kurwisano yakapfava pakati pe "fambiro mberi" ne "tradition" inofuratira kuoma kwenzira iyo tsika dzinochinjika. Tsika dzinochinja, uye masangano ekodzero dzeroorano amene anova rutivi rwemifungo yetsika yenzanga. Masangano anobudirira zvikurusa haaedzi kuedza kubvisa gamuchidzanwa asi panzvimbo pezvo kuidudzirazve munzira dzinotsigira zvose zviri zviviri chiremera chomunhu netsinhano yetsika. Nyaya inonzvera mabasa orudzidziso, tsika dzechikadzi, tsika dzechikadzi, uye zvivako zveukama mukuumba kodzero dzeroorano, ipapo kunzvera zvirongwa zvinobudirira zvinoshandiswa kuvaka kufarira pamutemo nenzanga.

Dzidziso Dzorudzidziso Netapuro Yadzo Pakuenzana Kweroorano

Munyika dzakawanda, rondedzero yepamutemo yewanano yakabva zvakananga kumabhuku echitendero.

Nepo masangano akawanda zvino achitsigira kuenzana kweroorano, vamwe vanotsigira kuti roorano mubatanidzwa unoyera unoganhurirwa kumurume nomukadzi. Chechi yeKaturike, somuenzaniso, inodzidzisa kuti roorano chisungo chisingachinji pakati pomurume nomukadzi chinoda kubereka. Iyi dzidziso yave iri mhinganidzo huru kuroorano youtevedzani munyika dzine vanhu vazhinji veKaturike, zvakadai seItaly, Poland, uye yakawanda yeLatin America. Muidzi nharaunda, sangano reroorano rakava nekurukurirano refu dzavatungamiriri vorudzidziso kana kuti, nenzira yakapesana, rinoisa nhau yacho sekodzero dzavagari vemo dzakasiana nemiitiro yorudzidziso.

Mukupesana, mamwe masangano ePurotesitendi − akadai seUnited Church of Christ neEvangelical Lutheran Church muAmerica .Izvi zvinoratidza kuti magamuchidzanwa orudzidziso haasati ari egore rimwe chete; anogona kutsanangurwa kana kuti kuchinjwa. Vatsigiri veroorano kazhinji kazhinji vakashandisa idzi kurukurirano dzomukati, vachidudza zvibvumikiso zvavafundisi zvekubatanidza, zvakadai senheyo yorudo neruramisiro. Somuenzaniso, Kodzero dzeHumu dzamagariro dzinopfuudza nzanga dzokutenda [, vachigovera chitendiso chinobetsera chavanhu.

Basa revatungamiriri vezvitendero mumasangano ekodzero dzeroorano rave richionekawo. MuUnited States, chisarudzo cheObergefell v. Hodges chakatsigirwa nemazana evafundisi vaiisa aiicus pfupi. Nenzira yakafanana, muSouth Africa, pashure peapartheid bumbiro remitemo remitemo remitemo renyika rekuenzana neLGBTQ + vanhu vakaumbwa nenharo dzechitendero pamusoro pechiremera chomunhu. Zvisinei, kupikisa kunoramba kunoramba kwakakomba uko magamuchidzanwa echitendero anosimbisa kuva murume kana kuti murume kana kuti murume kana kuti kurangarira kuva munhu anotadza. Mune izvi, vanosimudzira mitemo vanofanira kushanda nokungwarira, kazhinji vachiona kuti ivimbika kuti LGBTQ vasarumbidzika zvitendero zvavo.

Mabasa Avanhu Vane Mubatanidzwa Wechirume Nepesvedzero Yawo Pakodzero Dzomuchato

Roorano yave iri chiwirirano chenhau chokuronga mabasa evatano. Mutsika dzakawanda, murume anokarirwa kuva mugoveri namusoro wemhuri, apo mudzimai ari mutarisiri namutarisiri wemba. Mabasa aya anosimbiswa kupfurikidza netsika dzakadai semadhori, mutengo weroora, uye nzvimbo yokugara yapamusha (kunova mudzimai anoenda kumusha wemhuri yomurume). Masangano eroorano azvino uno anodenha aya mabasa, kupfurikidza nokutsigira kodzero dzakaenzana dzoubereki, kuva muridzi wezvinhu, kana kuti kodzero yokuroora pasinei nevatano yemunhukadzi.

Somuenzaniso, mumativi eSouth Asia neSaharan-pansi peAfrica, vashingairi vekodzero dzavakadzi vakarwa kuti vagadzirise mitemo yeroorano inobata vadzimai sezvinhu. MuIndia, Comment reHindu Frandsion Act rakagadziridzwa muna 2005 kupa vanasikana kodzero dzakaenzana dzenhaka, asi muitiro werooripo unoramba uchiita chisimba. Kuwiriraniswa kwekodzero dzeroorano neruramisiro yevatano kunoreva kuti masangano anofanira kutaura kwete bedzi kuti ndiani anogona kuroora asi kuti chii chinoitika muroorano. Vakadzi vakapupurira kuti miitiro yegamuchidzanwa yeroorano inogona sei kusimudzira kusaenzana [[FK:1]].

Nenzira yakafanana, kuzivikanwa kweroorano yevatano yakafanana neyomunhu mumwe cheteyo kunodenha zvakananga mabasa maviri echikadzi. Munzanga umo kuva murume navakadzi kunorondedzerwa zvikuru, kubvumira varume vaviri kana kuti vakadzi kuroora kudzongonyedza fungidziro yokuti roorano iri zvikurukuru pamusoro pokukwanisa kuva murume nemunhukadzi. Ndosaka munyika dzakadai seJapan neSouth Korea, umo kariro dzegamuchidzanwa dzevatano yavanhu vane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yevatano dzakavamba mberi zvikuru, kunyange zvazvo tsigiro yavose iri kukura.

Mitemo Yenyika Dzine Nyika Dzake uye Kuzivikanwa Kwadzo Pashure Penyika Dzake

Tsika hadzisi dzakagara dziripo; dzakaumbwa nokukunda, kurongeka, uye kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose.Munzanga dzakawanda pashure peko, mitemo yeroorano mubatanidzwa wetsika dzomunharaunda, mitemo yehurumende, uye kuchinja kwapashure pekuchinja.

Somuenzaniso, nyika dzakawanda dzeBritain dzakagara nhaka mitemo yakavakirwa parondedzero imwe yomutemo yokuroorana somurume nomukadzi mumwe. Zvisinei, dzakachengetawo mitemo yetsika iyo pane dzimwe nguva yaibvuma barika kana kuti mamwe marudzi eroorano. Apo vanorwira kuroorana kwounzenza, kazhinji kazhinji vanopomerwa kupinza mipimo ye "Western", pomero inotsiva mirangariro inorwisana nehurumende. Munyika dzakadai seUganda neNigeria, mitemo inopa mhaka yevatano yakafanana yakaruramiswa seyakakwazvo inodzivirira mipimo yegamuchidzanwa yeAfrica inorwisana naMadokero. Bva vazivi vemigarire yavanhu vakapupurira kuti ukama hwechikadzi nehunopesana nevatano yevatano yevatano yavanhu vane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yevatano yagara iripo munzanga dzakawanda dzekare yeAfrica. Masimba enyika okuzvizvarwa zvehurumende anozvitonga amene akagadza mitemo inorambidza izvi.

Vaiti vakadzidza kuvandudza kurukurirano kupfurikidza nokusunungura magamuchidzanwa emo. MuSouth Africa, kubatanidzwa kwepashure peapartiid bumbiro remitemo remitemo yevatano kwakaratidzirwa kwete sekudzokerwa kwemipimo inopfuudzwa ye uzivi hwe , hunosimbisa kuva norukudzo rwavanhu. Nenzira yakafanana, ndudzi dzeMaIndia eAmerica dzine rondedzero dzadzo dzimene dzavanhu vaviri veMutezo weProtem namasangano mamwe chete. Kupfurikidza nokusaidza kodzero dzeroorano dzazvino uno dzinotaura muaya magadzirirwo etsika, masangano anogona kuderedza kupomerwa mhaka yetsika.

Gadziriro Dzechinishi uye Mavakishi Emhuri Akawedzerwa

Hadzisi tsika dzose dzinorondedzera roorano sekubatana kwevanhu vaviri. Mumativi akawanda enyika, roorano ibvumirano pakati pemhuri, madzinza, kana kuti dzinza. Ikoku kune revo huru nokuda kwamasangano ekodzero dzeroorano. Somuenzaniso, kurongeka kweroorano kwakakurumbira muSouth Asia, Middle East, uye mativi eAfrica. Chinosimbiswa ndechekubatana munzanga, kutsiga kwemari, uye rukudzo rwemhuri panzvimbo porudo rwevadiwa. Mumasangano akadaro, pfungwa yokusarudza wokuroorana naye yakavakirwa parudo chete. (*) kusarudza wokusarudza wokuroorana nomunhu wevatano yakafanana nemunhu mumwe chete. [chinoonekwa setyisidziro yenzanga yose.]

MuIndia, hondo huru yokuenzana yeroorano yakaumbwa nedichotomy pakati pomunhu nemhuri. Nepo Dare Rapamusorosoro rakarerutsa kuva pedyo kwohuhuhumwe muna 2018, ichiri kunyoresa roorano imwe cheteyo. Mhinganidzo huru ndiwo murangariro weroorano inhau yemhuri, kwete bedzi chisarudzo chomunhu oga. Vaiti veroorano vakagamuchira kupfurikidza nokuvaka mibatanidzwa pakati pemhuri dzeLGBTQ+ vanhu, vakadai se [[FLT: 0] boka reroorano muChennaiai], iyo inoparira nzvimbo dzakakotsekana dzekurukurirano. Iyi mitoo yeroorano inobvuma kuti chinjo inoda kuti mitemo yemhuri ingochinja tsika dzemhuri, kwete kungopfuura mitemo.

Munzanga dzinoda kuitirwa shanje, kurasikirwa nomwanakomana kuroorano youhuhu hudimbwa kungarangarirwa setyisidziro kudzinza. Nenzira yakapesana, munzanga dzamagadharini dzakadai seMinangkabau yeIndonesia kana kuti Mosuo yeChina, nhaka nepfuma zvinopfuudzwa navakadzi, uye miitiro yeroorano yakatochinja zvikuru. Vanzveri vakawana kuti nzanga dzakadaro dzinowanzoratidza kuva dzinosununguka zvikuru kuukama husiri hwamagamuchidzanwa.

Kuongorora Nyaya: Mashandiro Akaita Makambani Akabudirira Kana Kuti Akaomesa Sei

United States: Kubva Mumakoroni Kukuva Dziviriro Yebumbiro reMitemo

Nhambo yokuenzana muUnited States inopa muenzaniso une simba wekuchinja kungaita tsika zvishoma nezvishoma. Kwemazana amakore, mutemo weroorano weAmerica wakanga wadzika midzi zvikuru mutsika yechiKristu neboka redzinza. Kuroorana kwevamwe kwakarambidzwa munyika dzakawanda kusvikira muna 1967 Loving v. Virginia chisarudzo. Kuroorana kwetezo yezvechipanno kwatarisanawo nemhirizhonga yakakomba. Zvisinei, sangano racho rakava nesimba nokuvaka tsika dzetsika dzeroorano pachayo pachayo: kupfurikidza nokutaura kuti vakaroorana vetevene voga voga vaida kutora rutivi musangano rimwe chetero, kuti vawane dzikamo nokuzivikanwa munzanga izvo roorano inoparira. Kubudirira kwesangano racho kwaivimbawo nemirangariro yavose kupfurikidza nezvinobudisa nhau zvinotendwa zvavose, kurondedzera nhau yomunhu oga, uye kutsigira kunooneka kwevatungamiriri vezvitendero, kubatanidza kupfurikidza na 2015, Dare redare guru rechitendero rinozivikanwa seri rechechi rinopesana nemitemo, asi rinoenderera mberi mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomumaruwa.

South Africa: Chinjo yeBumbiro reMitemo

South Africa ndiyo nyika bedzi yeAfrica umo roorano younzenza iri yapamutemo. Ikoku kwakawanwa murutivi nemhaka yokuti mutemo wemitemo wapashure peapartheid unorambidza zvakajeka rusaruro pahwaro hwechimiro chevatano. Sangano racho rakashandisa mutauro wamaruramiro avanhu, uyo wainzwika pashure perwisano yorusaruraganda. Bva magamuchidzanwa, zvikurukuru pakati pavatema veSouth Africa, akareva kuti kugamuchirwa kwenzanga kunorevererwa nemvumo yapamutemo. Activigos anopfuurira kushanda mukati mezviremera zvegamuchidzanwa namachechi kusimudzira kunzwisisa.

Japan: Tsika Sechinodzivirira Chinononoka

Japan haina mutemo wekuenzana weroorano yorudzi, kunyange zvazvo tsigiro yavose yakakwirira (panenge 68% mukuwirirana nenzvero dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi). Mhinganidzo huru hadzisi dzorudzidziso (Shinto nechiBuddha dzine chishoro chedzidziso zvishoma) asi panzvimbo pezvo tsika yakasimba yetsika dzegadziriro yokunyoresa mhuri (koseki). Iyi gadziriro inorondedzera mhuri dzapamutemo sedzinoumbwa nomurume mumwe nomukadzi mumwe. Kuchinja kwaizoda kunyanyoita kuti kunyanyovakwa kwapanyurwa kwetsika namagariro enzanga. Mabhiza omunzvimbomo akavamba kubudisa zvinyorwa zvebvumirano, asi uku kusazivikanwa kwapamutemo kwapamutemo. Sangano yamasangano aya ave ichishanda muchadenga, mumhaka, nepo nepo kuvaka boka rezvipo.

Nigeria: Kushandiswa Kwetsika

MuNigeria, Safana Sex Marriage (Projication) Musi wa2014 unoita kuti ukama hwevatano hwepabonde huve hwematsotsi uye kutsigirwa nevoruzhinji zvipfuudzwe zvikuru. Mutemo wakapfuudzwa sewaidzivirira tsika dzemuAfrica uye tsika dzechitendero kubva kutsika dzekuMadokero. Pano, vatsigiri vekodzero dzeroorano vanoshanda nokuchenjera, vachinyanya kukoshesa kupukunyuka uye kodzero dzevanhu pane kuchinja pamutemo. Kuchinja kwetsika kwave kuchishanda zvokuti kunyange vezvamatongerwe enyika havatombodi kunetsa nyaya yacho. Sangano iri kutsigira uye kubatsira zviri pamutemo vaya vanotungamirirwa nomutemo, asi vachishandirawo kunyora mhatsa yenhau yevatano yeNigeria netsika dzepabonde.

Miitiro Inoshanda: Kudzidzisa Tsika Pasina Kuiparadza

Masangano ekodzero dzeroorano azvino uno anobudirira kuchinja kusingagumi haangotsoropodzi gamuchidzanwa chete, asi anoshandisa nzira dzakati kuti dzechinjo.

  • Kuronga Roorano seInstitution: Vaiti vemitemo vanoyeuchidza nzanga kuti roorano yakachinja nguva dzose(kubva pakutamisirwa kwezvinhu kuenda kuukama hwechiwindi, kubva kugadziriro kusvika kurudo. Uyu murangariro wenhau unobetsera kuchinja zvimwe zvinhu.
  • Vatungamiriri vorudzidziso nevomunzanga: Masangano anovaka zvibvumirano navafundisi vanonzwira tsitsi, vakuru, uye vatongi vegamuchidzanwa. MuTaiwan, somuenzaniso, mapoka echiBuddha nechiTao akakamuraniswa, uye vatsigiri vakawana nenzira inobudirira tsigiro mutembere huru pamberi pekunyoreswa pamutemo kwevatano kwechi2017.
  • Kushandisa mitauro yekodzero dzevanhu: Masangano ekodzero dzevanhu munyika yose anopa mashoko anopfuura magamuchidzanwa omunzvimbomo. United Nations Free & Nhimbe yakaenzana[ ichinhu chinokosha chinogovera kuenzana kweroorano sekodzero yenyika yose.
  • Reformation yapamutemo yemagamuchidzanwa: Munyika dzakawanda, wirirano yakakwana yeroorano inotangira nokuzivikanwa kuduku kwakadai sehumwe hukama hwemhuri, mibatanidzwa yapamutemo, kana kuti zvibvumirano zvakanyoreswa.
  • Kurondedzera nokuona:[[FLT: 1] Nhoroondo dzomunhu oga dzinoita kuti nhau yacho ive yohunhu. Apo mhuri, vavakidzani, uye vashandi biyavo vanogoverana nhau dzavo, nharo dzisina mufungo dzinova chaidzoidzo. Ikoku kunoshanda zvikuru mukuunganidza nzanga umo ukama hwomunhu oga hunokosha kupfuura nheyo dzendangariro.
  • Kudzivirira Rusununguko Rworudzidziso: Mitemo yakawanda inobudirira inobatanidza kuhesvura nokuda kwamasangano orudzidziso ayo asingadi kuita roorano dzevatano dzakafanana. Uku kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kunoremekedza gamuchidzanwa nepo kuchipa kuenzana kwapamutemo.

Basa Redzidzo Nezvinobudisa Nhau

Tsika dzetsika dzinopfuudzwa kupfurikidza nemhuri, zvikoro, uye zvinobudisa nhau. Naizvozvo kushandura kodzero dzeroorano kunoda kuchinja nhauro idzodzi dzinofambiswa. Munyika dzakawanda, dzidzo pamusoro pezvirongwa zvemhuri zvakasiana - siana nezvimiro zvevatano inomutsa nharo. Zvisinei, nzvero dzinoratidza kuti kuratidzirwa kumifungo yakasiana - siana muzvinobudisa nhau /(televhinzi), mabhaisikopo, mapepanhau, manyuko ane chokuita namagariro avanhu. Somuenzaniso, kupiwa pamutemo kweroorano imwe cheteyo muIreland muna 2015 kwakatangira nekurukurirano yavose pamanyuko avose uye mumapepanhau, umo zviuru zvavanhu zvakabuda kushamwari nemhuri.

Munzanga dzegamuchidzanwa, nhimbe dzedzidzo dzinofanira kuva dzinotapurwa netsika. MuThailand, kuzivikanwa kwavanhukadzi kunonzwisiswa mumativi anobatanidza kathoey (kazhinji kazhinji rinoshandurwa se "mukomana mukuru"). Vateshi vakagona kushandisa iri boka retsika riripo kuti vakwikwidze maruramiro eroorano anobatanidza mhatsa yevatano. Nenzira yakafanana, muBrazil, tsika ye candomblané[ uye mamwe marudzidziso eAfro-Brazil yakato anozivikanwa kare sonex - Express, achigovera mavambo etsika ekodzero dzeroorano anobatanidza migariro yapamutemo.

Kupedzisa: Tsika Yakaita Seyose Miviri Yavaimbi uye Bhiriji

Tsika dzetsika hadzisi mhinganidzowo kumasangano ekodzero dzeroorano azvino uno; izvowo zviwanikwa zvinogona kutsanangurwazve. nzanga iri yose ine mienzaniso yayo munhau yorudo, kuzvipira, uye ukama isingadi tsananguro dzakaoma. Masangano anobudirira zvikurusa ndiayo anoremekedza revo huru yendangariro nenzanga apo anoramba chiremera chakaenzana chavanhu vose. Nokubatanidzwa negamuchidzanwa .(h) Kuiramba) (masangano anogona kuvaka wirirano dzakakura zvikuru ndokuwana chinjo iyo iri yose iri mbiri huru neyakare.

Nguva yemberi yekodzero dzeroorano ichatsamira pakuti nzanga dzingawana nzira dzokukudza nadzo nhaka yadzo yetsika nepo dzichigamuchira chinodikanwa chikuru chomunhu chokuumba mhuri nokurera vana murudo nechengeteko. Mhinduro haisati ichizowanwa mumufananidzo mumwe wakakwana, asi mumuitiro wekurukurirano, kuwirirana, uye kuva nechokuita noushingi.