Chitanga Kunzi: Nei Tichifanira Kunzwisisa Zvinhu Zvine Chokuita Nedare

Gadziriro yedare inoumba musimboti weruramisiro munzanga ipi neipi, ichigovera nzvimbo yakarongeka umo makakatanwa anopedzwa, mitemo inodudzirwa, uye maruramiro anodzivirirwa. Nokuda kwomunhuwo zvake, zvisinei, nzvimbo yapamutemo inogona kuratidzika kuva inotyisa, yakanangidzirwa nemiitiro yakaoma uye mutauro. Bva kuva nezivo inoshanda yemashandire ematare haisati iri bedzi nokuda kwamagweta kana kuti vatongi vanopa simba vagari vemo simba rokushandisa maruramiro avo, kuziva apo kodzero idzodzo dziri mungozi, uye kuita chiito chokuziva. Kana uri kutarisana netikitikiti yemotokari, gakavarano, kana kuti nhau yemhuri, kunzwisisa misiyano yetsika yedare inogona kuita musiyano pakati pomuuyo wakanaka uye kushaiwa mukana. Ikoku kunobvisa maruramiro ezvirongwa zvechipfupi, marudzi, uye matanho okufamba nokufamba nokuko.

Zvirongwa Zviviri Zvakafambiswa: Matare Ehurumende Nehurumende

Imwe yepfungwa dzokutanga kunzwisisa ndeyokuti United States inoshandisa gadziriro yedare : matare ehurumende nematare ehurumende. Akaenzana asi akasiyana, rimwe nerimwe rine simba raro, mirau, uye nharaunda dzechiremera. Nhau zhinji dzinovamba nokuguma mumatare ehurumende, nepo matare ehurumende achibata nhau dzoukoshi hwenyika kana kuti hwebumbiro remitemo.

Matare Ehurumende

Matare makuru anoitwa pasi peChikamu III cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. uye nyaya dzinobatanidza mutemo womubatanidzwa, nhau dzebumbiro remitemo, kukakavadzana pakati pemasangano, kana kuti mabato anobva kunyika dzakasiyana - siyana (kutonga kwemagakava) apo uwandu hwemari hunopfuura $75 000. Matare makuru anosanganisira kubhuroka, kuva nomutemo wekodzero, umoni hwenhau dzechitima, uye mhosva dzinodarika mitsetse yehurumende. Zvionioni zvedare zvedare zvechidhipati chedare reFLT, [FLT:].[FLT][FLT: 1]

Matare Ehurumende

Dare rehurumende rakawanda zvikuru uye rinobata mativi makuru ekakavadzano dzapamutemo — kubva pamutemo wemhuri nokuputswa kwemigwagwa kusvikira kukuvadziko yomunhu oga nenhau dzebvumirano. Hurumende imwe neimwe ine bumbiro rayo rimene remitemo negadziriro yedare, asi mutoo wavose unobatanidza matare okutonga (anowanzonzi makuru, matunhu, kana kuti matare oruwa munyika dzakasiana - siana), matare apakati, uye dare gurusa. Dzimwe nyika dzine mapoka chaiwo akafanana sematare emhuri kana kuti matare edare pamutevedzero. Kunzwisisa kuti idare ripi rine chiremera pamusoro penhau yako (nhau inodzo inodzorwa pamwe nenzvimbo) inhano yokutanga muzivo yokuti ungaziva nzvimbo ipi kana kuti inzvimbo yaungava yauchasheverwa.

Kuwa Ndokubviswa

Mimwe nhau inogona kutongwa mugadziriro ipi neipi kana ikabatanidzwa zvose zviri zviviri nhau dzemitemo yehurumende nehurumende. Somuenzaniso, kupiwa mhaka kuvose vari vaviri hurumende nekuputswa kwekodzero dzavagari vemo kwehurumende kunganzi kunobva kudare rehurumende. U.S. website yedare inopa tsananguro dzakajeka dzemiganhu yemitemo.

Zvikamu zveDare: Ganhuriro Yakaoma

Zvose zviri zviviri gadziriro dzedare rehurumende nerehurumende dzakarongwa mumwero mikuru mitatu. mwero mumwe nomumwe unoita basa rakasiyana muchinhu chinoraramisa chenhau.

Dare Rokutonga (Cherty of Trought)

Dare redare ndiro rinotangira nyaya. Ufakazi hunopiwa, zvapupu, uye mutongi kana kuti vatongi vanosarudza maidi ndokushandisa mutemo. Munhau dzoutsotsi, murovereri mumhosva anofanira kubvumikisa kuva nemhaka kusingapanikirirwi nenhau dzine mufungo; mumhaka dzavagari vemo, mupokani anofanira kuratidza mhaka kupfurikidza noufakazi. matare edare ndiwo mwero bedzi apo gakava rechokwadi rinopedzwa. Kana chikanganiso chomutemo chikaitika, muparadzirwi angakwidza kusvikira kumwe mwero unotevera.

Matare Anoda Kutongwa

Dare redare rinoongorora rinorava mipfupi, rinonzwa nharo, uye nhau dzakanyorwa. Kana dare redare rikawana mhosho yakatapura mugumisiro wacho, zvingachinja, kana kuti kudzokororwa kwemirayiridzo yedare redare, kana kuti zvikanganiso zvisiri izvo. Mugadziriro yedare redare redare (kazhinji kazhinji mitatu) munorava mipfupinduro, kana kuti zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa. Kana dare redare rinotonga rikawana mhosho yakatapura muuyo, kungachinja, kudzoserazve (kudzokazve nokuda kwokutongwa kutsva), kana kuti kugadziridza chisarudzo. Mugadziriro yomubatanidzwa, izvozvi zvinonzi Matare okukwidza; mumashoko, kazhinji kacho zvinonzi Dare rePremo.

Matare Makurusa

Dare rapamusoro zvikurusa mugadziriro imwe neimwe — dare rehurumende rapamusorosoro kana kuti Dare repamusorosoro reU.S.(iro ndiro mutongi wokupedzisira.) Aya matare kazhinji kazhinji anohwirudzura mhaka dzoutongi, kureva kuti imhakai dzawo dzokunzwa. Anobata nhau dzenheyo yapamutemo inokosha, dzakadai sokuva kwemitemo kana kuti gakava pakati pematare akaderera. Dare repamusorosoro reU.S. rinohwirudzura nhau kubva kumatare ehurumende nedare gurusa rehurumende (apo nhau yehurumende inobatanidzwa). Chisarudzo chedare chapamusorosoro chinobatira pamatare ose akaderera mukati metendero yaro yaro.

Zvikamu Zvematare Nenhau Yazvo

Kunze kwevatungamiriri vehurumende vakagadzwa, matare kazhinji kazhinji anonyanya kuva nyanzvi yokubata nhau dzakati.Kuziva kuti idare ripi raunofanira kuisa mudare kunogona kuchengetedza nguva uye kudzivisa zvikanganiso zvehurumende.

  • Dare reCIIL:[ rinobata nharo pakati pebato vakavanzika (vanhu, mabhizimisi, kana kuti masangano) vachitsvaka kuvadziko dzemari kana kuti basa chairo. Mienzaniso inobatanidza kuputswa kwebvumirano, kukakavadzana kwezvinhu, uye kupara mhaka dzekuvara kwomunhu oga. Mupimo wechiratidzo wakaderera kupfuura mumhaka dzoutsotsi.
  • Dare routsotsi: Mhaka dzinounzwa nehurumende pavanhu vanopomerwa kuputsa mitemo. matare ematsotsi anobata chinhu chiri chose kubva kuzvikanganiso (g., kuba kuduku) kuuori (g., kuba, kuuraya). Vadziviriri vakasimbisa dziviriro dzamabumbiro emitemo, kubatanidza maruramiro kukutonga, maruramiro egweta, uye maruramiro okuramba vakanyarara.
  • [[FLT: 0] Dare Romhuri: Boka chairo riri mukati mematare ekutonga enyika ayo anonangidzira kuukama hwemhuri(drivoce), kuchengetwa kwavana, kutsigirwa kwavana, kurerwa, mirairo yamasimba masimba yomumba inodzivirira, uye kusununguka. matare emhuri anowanzosimbisa kugoveranwa nechisarudzo mufariro yakanakisisa yavana.
  • Kutaura Kuduku Dare: matare emasanga akarongwa nokuda kwekakavadzano dzakaderera (sezvingabvira pasi pe $5 000 kusvikira ku $10 000 zvichitsamira pahurumende). Maatorney kazhinji kazhinji haadikanwi, uye miitiro inodzokororwa. matare maduku chisarudzo chinowanika nokuda kwavanhu vasina mirauriro yapamutemo.
  • [ projecteds:[ Appostate rezvido, nzvimbo, ngarava dzinochengeta, uye matare anovimbisa kuti zvinhu zvomunhu akafa zvinoparadzirwa mukuwirirana nekuda kwazvo kana kuti mutemo wenyika uye kuti vanhu vasina kudzivirirwa vane dziviriro yapamutemo.
  • Dare reSangano reHurumende: matare ehurumende anonzwa gakava pakati pavateresi neInternal Revenue Service (IRS). matare ehurumende emitero yenhare iripo mune dzimwe nzvimbo nokuda kwemagakava omutero womunzvimbomo.
  • Dare reBankruptic: matare eMitemo anobata mapepa okubhuroka avanhu nebhizimisi pasi peBankruptic Code. Makanganiso anogona kubatanidza kunyungudutswa (Chapter 7) kana kuti kurongwazve (Chembuta 11 kana 13). Bankruptic inomisa zviitiko zvizhinjisa zvemuunganidzwa kupfurikidza nechigaro chinoshanda.

Nokuda kwokupinda kukuru zvikuru mumarudzi ematare ehurumende, Cornell Legal Information Institute’s Wex pamatare [[FLT: 1] inopa nongedzero yakavimbika.

Kodzero Dzako Dzepamutemo Mudare: Ziva Zvokukarira

Kunzwisisa kodzero dzako mudare kunokosha kuti uve nechokwadi chokuti uri kubatwa zvakanaka uye kuti kutonga kupi nokupi kuri kushanda kwauri.

Kodzero Yokutongwa Kwakarurama

SSH Amendment inovimbisa maruramiro outsotsi kutongwa kwokukurumidza uye kwavose nedare rinobetsera risingasaruri muruwa umo mhaka yakaitwa. Vatongi vanofanira kusarudzwa pasina rusaruro, uye vaipomerwa vane maruramiro okuvapo, zvapupu zvinotarisana, uye vanosunda kubudiswa kwoufakazi hwakanaka (simba rechisimba rehurumende). Munhau dzechigaritati, [[FLT:]] Hurumende inochengeta maruramiro okutonga mumitongo yapamutemo mumazatiro anopfuura $20, kunyange zvazvo matare mazhinji ehurumende ane dziviriro yakafanana.

Kodzero Yokuramba Wakanyarara uye Wokurwisana Nokuzvitutumadza

Mu merfect yechishanu [, hapana munhu anogona kugombedzerwa kuva chapupu chokuzvipomera amene mumhaka yetsotsi. Ikoku kunoreva kuti haufaniri kupupurira, uye kunyarara kwako hakugoni kushandiswa soufakazi hwemhosva. Munhau dzehurumende, ropafadzo yacho inoganhurirwa asi ichiri kushanda kana chipupuriro chingagona kukuratidzira kumhosva.

Kodzero Yokuva Muchinovaraidza

Vapomeri vemhosva avo vasingagoni kubhadhara gweta vane maruramiro okugadza mumwe nedare pandyiko dzehurumende, (a maruramiro akatangwa mu Gideon v. Wainright[ [1963]). Munhau dzevagari vemo, hakuna maruramiro emitemo kugweta rakasununguka, asi masangano mazhinji emitemo anopa mufananidzo nokuda kwokuwana vanhu munhau dzinotambudza dzakadai sepost, masimba masimba omumba, uye kodzero. Kunyange kana iwe uchizvimirira umene ([[FLT:]] pro[FLT]]), une maruramiro okubvunza nomurwi wegweta pamberi pokuita zvisarudzo zvokutsoropodza.

Kodzero Yokuita Zvakakodzera

Foundation [ inorambidza hurumende kunyima munhu upenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti zvinhu pasina muitiro wakafanira. Ikoku kunoreva kuti unofanira kugamuchira ziviso yakafanira yechiito chipi nechipi chapamutemo uye mukana une revo wokunzwiwa pamberi pomuiti wechisarudzo asina rekutsigira. Muitiro, izvi zvinobatanidza kodzero yokupa ufakazi, zvapupu zveexamento, uye zvine mirau yakavakirwa pamutemo noufakazi panzvimbo pekusarura.

Kodzero Yokukwirira

Nepo asina kutongokwaniswa, mukwirirwi wetsotsi zvikurukuru ane chikumbiro chimwe chinobva mutendero chinobva mudare (kunze mumhaka dzine mhaka). Vatongi vemo vanogona kukwidzawo rutongeso rwokupedzisira. Unowanzova newindo rakaganhurirwa (mazuva 30) kunyora chiziviso chokukwirira. matare anohwirudzura mhosho dzomutemo, kwete maidi, naizvozvo kunokosha kuchengeta gakava pakutongwa.

Kunzvera idzi maruramiro muudzame hukuru, American Bar Association mipiro yedzidzo yavose [ inopa tsananguro dzinoshanda, dzomutauro wakapfava.

Kudzora Muitiro weDare: Matanho Anoshanda

Matanho anotevera anogona kukubetsera kufamba nomugadziriro yedare nechivimbo chikuru zvikuru nokushanda.

Sarudza Kuda Kuziva Nezvaunoda

Ziva kana mhaka yako iri yehurumende kana kuti dare rehurumende. Nhau ine hudzori (icho nhau iri pamusoro) uye udzori hwomunhu oga (uko mapoka anogara kana kuti anoita bhizimisi) zvinofanira kugutswa. Venue inonongedzera kunzvimbo chaiyo yenzvimbo yapasi (zvikurukuru nyika apo chiitiko chacho chakaitika kana kuti uko mupomeri anogara.

Nzwisisa Mitemo Yokuronga

Dare rehurumende nerehurumende dzose dziri mbiri dzinoshanda mumitemo ine udzame (sezviro, Federal Mitemo yeChivil Procediture, mipimo yehurumende yetsika dzehurumende). Idzodzi dzinodzora nzira yokunyora nayo nyunyuto, kubatira rimwe boka, kupindura, kuwana mufambiro, uye ufakazi hwapanguva ino. Kusaziva mitemo hakuwanzogamuchirwa sepembedzo. Matare mazhinji anogovera nzvimbo dzokuzviyamura kana kuti mabharani nokuda kwenhungamiro.

3. Ronga Mapepa Woronga

Mhaka iri yose yedare inotsamira pazvinyorwa: zvibvumirano, matsamba, marizi, marekodhi ezvokurapa, mishumo yamapurisa, tsamba, uye zvirevo zvipi nezvipi zviri pamberi pezvi. Ita makopi (zvisati zvambovamba) nokuda kwokunyora nokuchengeta ndaza yenguva. Nokuda kwokutongwa, gadzirira ndaza yeshoo uye iva namakopi akawanda nokuda kwomutongi, mabharani, zano rinorwisana, uye vatongi kana zvichibvira.

4. Tsvaka Mifanikiso Yepamutemo Kana Kuti Mazano

Nepo kuchibvira kuzvimirira umene, mapango kazhinji kazhinji akakwirira zvikuru zvokusagona kuaita ari oga. Gweta rakakwaniriswa rinogona kuyera runako rwenhau yako, kurayira pamusoro porugadziridzo, zvinyorwa zvapamutemo, uye kukwikwidza pamusoro pako. Kana mari iri mhinganidzo yapamutemo, rangarira yamuro yepamutemo, maprobo, makiriniki echikoro, kana kuti shopu yemireza yapamutemo yakaganhurirwa (mabasa apamutemo).

5. Kutarisira Misi Yakanyorwa Nematare Neyakafa

Kurasikirwa namaruramiro ako okunyora mhinduro kana kuti chikumbiro. Shandisa gadziriro yekarenda (madhigineti kana kuti pepa) ndokugadza zviyeuchidzo. Nguva dzose iva nechokwadi chemisi yokunzwa nehofisi yomunyori. Fika nokukurumidza, pfeka zvakafanira, uye uunze zvose zvinodikanwa. Kana usingagoni kupinda, nyorai gadziriro yokupfuuridzira mberi zvakanaka.

Zvisarudzo Kudare Regamuchidzanwa

Mitoo Isingashandisi Mazano Okutsiva Inogona Kuva Inokurumidza, Inodhura zvishoma, uye Isinganyanyi Kudzokororwa.

  • Mvura: Ipamwe patatu (mureveri) inoyamura kurukurirano pakati pemativi kuvabetsera kusvika panzvimbo yokuzvidira. Murevereri haamanikidziridzi chisarudzo. Kutaurisa kwakakurumbira mumutemo wemhuri, kukakavadzana, uye kunyange nhau dzoutsotsi (g., nyajambwa wezvirevedzo). matare mazhinji anoda kuti mapoka aedze kunzvera pamberi pokutonga.
  • Arbitation: Mutongi asingatori rutivi anonzwa ufakazi uye anopa chisarudzo chinobatira. Kutora kunowanzoshandiswa muzvibvumirano zvezvokutengeserana nezvibvumirano zvebasa. Kunyange zvazvo kusiri kwapamutemo sedare, kutora kunowanzoshaiwa kuwana kwakazara nekodzero dzinowanika muPurigati.
  • [ Kubatanidza nokunatsiridza:[[FT:1] Muitiro wakarongwa unowanzoshandiswa mumakakavana maduku kana kuti enzanga. Mapati anokurukura zvakananga kana kuti nebetsero kuti awane chisarudzo chinogamuchirika.

Zvisinei, zvingasava zvakakodzera panhau dzinoda muenzaniso unosungirirwa nemutemo kana kuti kudzivirirwa kwakakwana kwekodzero dzebumbiro remitemo.

Mafungiro Anowanzotaurwa Nenhema Pamusoro Pedare

Kutadza kunzwisisa kushanda kunoita matare kunogona kuita kuti munhu asarudze zvakanaka.

  • Mhando: [“Unogona kukwidza mhaka munhu upi noupi nokuda kwechinhu chipi nechipi.] Mitemo inofanira kuva nehwaro hwapamutemo (kumira, chisakiso chinozivikanwa chechiito, uye chiremera chakafanira). Kutonga kwakatanhamara kunogona kubviswa nezvirango, kubatanidza mitero yegweta.
  • Mhiko: “ Rumwe rutivi runofanira kubhadhara mari yako yapamutemo kana ukawina.” Kutonga kweAmerica kunowanzoda kuti rutivi rumwe norumwe rubhadhare mari yarwo rumene kutoti chibvumirano kana kuti mutemo unobvumira chaizvoizvo kubviswa kwemari.
  • Mhiko: [[FT:2]] [Ini ndinogona] kuzvimirira ndimene uye kuri nyore/kwakawanda vatongi vanobetsera profigists.” Vatongi havatori rutivi uye havagoni kupa zano rapamutemo. Vatongi vanoramba vakaiswa kumipimo mimwe cheteyo yetsika segweta. Ngozi yokuita chikanganiso chengozi chemugariro chinouraya.
  • Mhingu:[ [ Kukwirira kunohwirudzura zvikanganiso zvapamutemo, kwete maidi. Haungagoni kupa ufakazi hutsva; dare redare rinoshanda kubva muchinyorwa chokutonga.
  • MHURI:[ `matare maduku anongova chete enhau duku.] Kunyange zvazvo miganhu iri yakaderera, matare maduku anobata nharo chaidzoidzo/zvikwereti zvisina kubhadharwa, kugadzirirwa kwakaipa, chengeteko. Chisarudzo chacho chinosungisa pamutemo.

Mugumisiro: Zvipe simba nezivo

Gadziriro yedare ingaratidzika kuva yakafanana nebhurari, asi inovakwa panheyo dzeruramisiro, kujeka, uye nhevedzano. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa chimiro chemativi maviri ematare ehurumende nehurumende, dare rekutonga nemwero yenzwisiso, marudzi chaiwo ematare, uye maruramiro ako ebumbiro remitemo, unozvishongedzera umene kubata denho dzapamutemo nokujeka. Kana uri kutsvaka ruramisiro semutongi, kuzvidzivirira umene pakutaura, kana kuti kuedza zvako kuita kuti unzwisise kuranga, mashoko ari muiyi mifungo anogovera hwaro hwakasimba. Yeuka kuti chivako chakanakisisa nguva dzose chinokwaniriswa zano rapamutemo, asi mugari anozivikanwa anototevera mberi. Nokuda kwokuvaravirira. [FLD:] U. Dare redzidzo redzidzo redare.[FLP], mavhidhiyo, uye matururo anowedzera kunzwisiswa kwako sezvishandiso zvako.