Kutanga: Chitendero cheBumbiro reMitemo cheAmerican Civil Rights

United States Constitution, sezvayakatenderwa muna 1788, haina dziviriro dzakajeka nokuda kwekodzero dzevanhu veruzhinji. Yakada Hondo yevagari vemo ine ropa, zana remakore rokuchinja kwenzanga, uye kupfuurira kwevatsigiri vasingaverengeki kuti vachinjire rugwaro rwenyika rwokutanga kuva mutezo wechokwadi werusununguko uye kuenzana. Kodzero dzevagari vemo dzinochinja mutemo wehurumende, dzakaita kuti nyika yeAmerica ivezve norudzi rwokuva vagari vemo, dzichivimbisa kudzivirirwa kwakaenzana, dzichibvisa uranda hwavanhu, uye dzichiita kuti vagari vemo vose vasarirane necheronge vari vedzinza, vatano, kana kuti vane chinzvimbo chemari.

Kunzwisisa idzi gadziridzo hakusati kuriwo muitiro wedzidzowo zvawo. Zvinoumba chisakiso chapamutemo apo mhaka yekodzero dzavanhu dzazvino uno iri yose inovakirwa, kubva kuchikoro kusvikira kukuenzana kweroorano kusvikira kukuwana. Iyi nzvero inonzvera gadziridzo huru dzebumbiro remitemo iyo inorondedzera maruramiro avagari vemo muUnited States, kunzvera gadziriro dzavo, mashoko avo enhau, uye tapuro yetsika dzinogara paupenyu hweAmerica. Tinoronda iyi mhindumupindu kubva pakubviswa kwouranda muna 1865 kusvikira kukukura kwekodzero dzokuvhota muma 1970, uye kunzvera mutemo wemitemo yemitemo inoisa iyi pamutemo kuti ishande.

Penjero Yechi13: Kubviswa Kwouranda uye Kusazvidira

Kuchinja kwechi13 kunoitwa muBumbiro Remitemo munhoroondo yeAmerica kwakaratidza kuguma kwesangano rokukurukurirana raive riripo muUnited States kubvira panguva yaitonga nyika uye kwave kuri chinhu chikuru chinopesana pakunyorwa kweBumbiro Remitemo repakutanga.

Gadziriro Huru

  • Kubviswa kwouranda muUnited States mose nendima dzayo.
  • [ Kurambidzwa kwouranda hwokusazvidira, kunze kwechirango nokuda kwemhosva inotevera muitiro wakafanira.
  • [ Simba rokuita kuti zvinhu zvivepo [ rakapiwa kuita mutemo wakafanira.

Mutauro wechinjo wakanga uri wakananga asi wakachinja. Chikamu 1 chinongotaura bedzi kuti, Hakusi uranda kana kuti uranda husingadzorwi, kunze kwechirango nokuda kwemhosva iyo munhu wacho achava apiwa, chichavapo muUnited States, kana kuti nzvimbo ipi neipi inodzorwa navo." uyu mutongo mumwe wakasunungura vanenge mamiriyoni mana avatema vakaiswa muuranda uye wakaramba gadziriro yapamutemo yakanga yabata vanhu sepfuma.

Zvisinei, Hurumende yechi13 yakanga isiri chigadzikiso chakakwana. Chirevo "kunze sechirango nokuda kwemhosva" chakaparira chikanganiso chinokosha. Mushure meHondo yevagari vemo, nyika dzakawanda dzokuMadokero dzakadzika mitemo "Mitemo Inonyangira" uye gare gare "Jim Crow" mitemo iyo yakapinza mhaka duku dzoutsotsi uye ipapo yakaregwa vanhu vane mhaka kuminda, zvimbambaira, uye mafekitari kupfurikidza nokupa mhaka purogiramu dzinodzikisa. Iyi gadziriro yakapfuudzira nenzira inobudirira chimiro chokumanikidzira basa kwamakumi amakore, yakatapura nenzira isingakaridziki varume veAfrica. zvinyorwa zveNyika zveNyika dzeNyika yeNyika yehurumende [[FLT: 1]], mutemo wokudzika mutemo wokudzika mutemo wakapiwa kuti upfuure mitemo yakafanana neChibvumirano cheChino cheChino cheChikaro cha 1866, icho chaitsvaka kurwisana neB, sokurwisana kwechibvumirano chamabhishoridzo chamatema.

Nhaka Yezvakaitika Kare uye Nhaka

Mutezo we13 Amendment waiva mugumisiro wekuchinja kukuru kwezvamatongerwe enyika mumwedzi yokupedzisira yeHondo yevagari vemo. Purezidhendi Abraham Lincoln akanga abudisa Emancip Proclation muna 1863, asi iwo wakanga uri mwero wenguva yehondo wakashanda bedzi kuhurumende mukupandukira uye waiva nemitemo inopanikirika. Kugadziriswa kwakavimbisa kuti kugadziriswa kwaizova kwechigarire uye kwerudzi rwose. Kwakapfuura Dare muna April 1864, asi rakatarisana nechishoro chakaoma muImba kusvikira mugumo wehondo waLincoln waita kuti usvike muna January 1865. Rativeity yakapedzwa pakasvika gore iroro.

Kugadziridzwa kwacho kwakaisa hwaro hwapamutemo hwezvose zviri zviviri Mitemo ye14 neye15 uye kwakadudzwa mumhaka dzeDare Rapamusorosoro razvino uno dzinobatanidza uranda hwokusazvidira mumashoko akapoteredza anobva mukusungwa kwokupinda munyika kusvikira kubasa romutorongo. Nhaka yaro yakaoma: zvose zviri zviviri zvakawana nharidzano hurusa yokusungwa kwepamutemo ndokuparira gadziriro yokusungwa kweboka guru uko vatsigiri vekodzero dzavagari vemo vanotsinhirana vanopfuurira kubvisa uye kushandisa nzanga dzine rusarura.

Mutezo Wechi 14 We Amendedzero: Ugari hwemunyika, Dziviriro Yakaenzana, uye Muitiro Wakafanira

Yakasimbiswa pana July 9, 1868, Amendment yechi 14 inorangarirwa zvikuru kuva gadziridzo hurusa mumutemo wemitemo yeAmerica. Yakanongedzera kumugariro wapamutemo wavanhu vaichimbova varanda, yakaramba mamiriro ezvinhu akashata Dred Scott v. Sandford chisarudzo, uye yakavamba nheyo dzinokosha idzo dzingava hwaro nokuda kworunenge maruramiro ose avanhu azvino uno echido.

Gadziriro Huru

  • Chizembe Claus : Vanhu vose vakaberekwa kana kuti vakasikwa muUnited States vagari vemo veUnited States nevehurumende mavanogara.
  • dziviriro yepakarepo Claus: Hakuna nyika ingaramba munhu upi noupi ari mukati mosimba rayo dziviriro yakaenzana yemitemo.
  • shogue Process Claus: Hakuna nyika ingatorera munhu upi noupi upenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti zvinhu pasina muitiro wakafanira womutemo.
  • Priviges kana kuti Immunites Claus : Mitemo ingasavhara ropafadzo kana kuti kudzivirira utachiona kwevagari veU.S.
  • [ Simba rokuita kuti dare risapararire [ nokuderedzwa kwemimiririri yenyika dzinoramba kodzero dzokuvhota.

Kudzivirira Claus Kwakaenzana Kuri Kushanda

Kudzivirira kwakaenzana kwave kuri nharaunda yerwisano yapakati yekodzero dzavagari vemo muUnited States. Munhau ya 1954 rown v. Boka reDzidzo yeTopeka, Dare Gurusa rairangarira kuti dzinza renyika raipesana neFomswo rePlate station Claus, kuputsa chisarudzo chaizivisa kuti "yakaenzana" dzidziso yakagadzwa mu Plect v. Ferguson (1186). [[FLT: 4.] Mabhuku ezvinyorwa ezvinyorwa zvehurumende zvehurumende]

Chikamu chacho chakashandiswawo kuzviitiko zvokusarurana kwevarume nevakadzi, kutanga ne Reed [771] uye Craig v. Boren, yakagadza mupimo wenzvero yepakati yemaonerwo evatano. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, [[FLT:]] yakashandiswa kudenha rusaruro rwakavakirwa parumwe rumwe rudzi. Hodges (2015), Dare raidavira kuti dziviriro yakaenzana neHende, yakabatanidzwa neMtengoyo yokwanyina yorudyi. Chibvumirano chakashandiswa kudenha rusaruro rwakavakirwa parumwe rumwe , vana vaisapinda murumwe muchato, uye mamwe matunhuro, maruwa.

Kuronga Kunofanira Kuita Claus Nokuremekedza

Nhevedzo yeCentury Claus yakadudzirwa kubatanidza zvose zviri zviviri dziviriro dzemitemo (zviziviso zvechiziviso, matare asingasaruri) uye dziviriro dzapachikamu (kodzero dzendangariro dzisingatsaurwa zvakajeka muBumbiro reMitemo). Kupfurikidza nedzidziso ye inosarudzwa kuva dziviriro [, Dare Rapamusoro rakashandisa Gwendex'sment ye14 Clauscestus kuti ishandise zvizhinjisa zveBill yekodzero kuruwa, zvinodziviriro dzinokura zvikuru dzomubatanidzwa nokuda kwerusununguko rumwe norumwe.

Kubatanidzwa uku kwave kuri mutoo uyo rusununguko rwokutaura, rusununguko rworudzidziso, maruramiro okutakura zvombo, dziviriro pakunzvera kusina mufungo nepfari, uye maruramiro okupa zano ose akashandiswa kuhurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo. Pasina Amendment yechi14, hurumende dzaizova dzakasununguka kufuratira Bill of Rights chose chose.

Mutezo Wechi15: Kubudisa Kodzero Nekuenzana Kwourudzi paBhokisi reBalot

Yakasimbiswa pana February 3, 1870, Pendusion yechi15 yakanga iri yechitatu yeReconstructsments uye yakatsvaka kuva nechokwadi chokuti varume veAfrica vokuAmerica vaigona kutora rutivi mumuitiro wezvematongerwe enyika.

Gadziriro Huru

  • Kurambidza rusaruro rwedzinza [[[FLT: 1]: Kodzero yokuvhota haisati ichizorambwa kana kuti kurambidzwa nemhaka yorudzi, ruvara, kana kuti mugariro wekare wouranda.
  • [ Simba rokuita kuti zvinhu zvivepo [ rokuita mutemo wakafanira.

Kurwira Kumanikidzwa

Pasinei zvapo nokujeka kwomutauro wayo, Pession yechi15 yave ichidziviswa nenzira inodzora kwerinenge zana ramakore rakatevera kuchinjwa kwayo. Madokero enyika akaita mhatsa yemitero yokusasarura, kubatanidza upfumi (huya hwaiwanzoshandiswa kubvisa Black confict), [[FLT:] mitero inobvisa mitero [[FLT:]] (iyo yakatapura zvikuru vagari veAfrica varombo veAfrica), [[FLT:] mifungo inokwenyudza [[FLT]] [FLT] [5] [inodzodzo] inodzosanwa murutivi rwekare rwadzo pamberi pehondo], uye [FFLT] .[FT]

Masimba masimba netyisidziro, kubatanidza lynchings nemibato yeKu Klux Klan, yakadzvinyirirazve kunyoresa kweBlack von. Dare Rapamusoro, mumhaka dzakafanana ne United States v. Cruikshank [1876] uye Giles v. Harris[[ [1903], rinodudzirwa zvishoma simba rehurumende kuti ritsigire kubatira muganhu, richisiya chitsigiro kuhurumende imwe cheteyo yakanga ichipfuuridzira rusaruro.

Murayiro Wokutsigira Kodzero Wa1965

Pesvedzero yechi15 pakupedzisira yakawana simba chairoiro kupfurikidza neVoing Rights Act ya 1965 (VRA), iyo Congress yakapfuudzira pasi pechiremera chayo chokushandisa. VRA yakarambidza rusaruro rwedzinza mukuvhota, kunzverwa kwokunyora nokunyora uye mamwe masangano okusasarura, uye yaida mativi etsika ane nhau yokuvhotera kuti awane kurongwa kwehurumende pamberi pokuchinja mitemo yavo yokuvhota. U.S. Department of Justice rinotsinhira kuti Act rinorangarirwa serimwe rezvikamu zvinoshanda zvikurusa zvemitemo yekodzero yavagari vemo yavanhu yakamboitwa. Mumwedzi mine zviuru zvavagari vemo vakanyorwa kuvatema.

Zvisinei, chisarudzo cheDare Gurusa muna 2013 Shelby County v. Hoder yakabvisa nzira yokufumura nayo chinodikanwa chekare, inonetesa zvikuru VRA. Chibviro chechisarudzo ichocho, hurumende dzinoverengeka dzakagadza mitemo mitsva yokuvhota inotapura zvikuru vavhoti vashoma, dzichiratidza kuti kurwisa kuti chipikirwa che15 Gemendment chirambe chiripo kusvikira kuzuva rino.

Mutezo Wechi 19: Kudzorwa Kwavakadzi Nokukura Kwehurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu

Yakasimbiswa pana August 18, 1920, Hurumende ye 19 yakagumisa kurwisa kwamakumi amakore nesangano ravakadzi kuti richengetedze maruramiro okuvhota nokuda kwavakadzi. Iro rinomirira wedzero hurusa hurusa yekodzero dzokuvhota munhau yeAmerica uye rakachinja zvikurukuru rudzi rwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yega yeAmerica.

Gadziriro Huru

  • kodzero yavakadzi yokuvhota : Kodzero yokuvhota haisati ichizorambwa kana kuti kurambidzwa nemhaka yevatano.
  • [[[Nto:0] Simba rokuita kuti zvinhu zvivepo [.

Sangano Rokudenha

Sangano rekudzosa vakadzi rakavamba nokushingaira paSeneca Falls Convention muna 1848, yakarongwa naElizabeth Cady Stanton naLucretia Mott. Kwamakore anopfuura 70, vanyori vakashandisa mhatsa yemitoo kubatanidza miraudzo inodzorwa nedare, kuronga ratidziro dzavose, uye, munhungamiro yaAlice Paul naNational Woman’s Party, vachibatanidzwa mukuramba kunorwisana kubatanidza kuvhota House yeWhite nenzara.

Muitiro wokunatsa wakanga uri mutambo wezvamatongerwe enyika unonangidzirwa pachawo. Kugadziriswa kwakapfuudza Imba muna May 1919 neDare muna June 1919, asi waida 36 wehurumende panguva iyeyo ye48 kuti itsigire. Pakasvika August 1920, Tennessee yakava nyika yakakomba yechi 36, nokuvhota kwakasvika kumumiriri wehurumende wegore ramakore 24 Harry Burn, uyo akachinja vhoti yake pashure pokugamuchira tsamba yakabva kuna mai vake inomukurudzira kutsigira gadziridzo.

Kuchinja Kwazvakaita uye Kuramba Tichisangana Nezvinetso

Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuziva kuti kuchinja kwacho hakuna kuvimbisa kuti vakadzi vemarudzi ose vaizopiwa mubatanidzwa wevakadzi vemarudzi ose, kusanganisira vakadzi veAfrica vokuAmerica muSouth, veMamishinari eAmerica, vakadzi vokuAsia, uye vakadzi veSpain, vakaramba vachitarisana nemhinganidzo dzepamutemo nedzekuwedzera dzokuvhota kusvikira kuVing Rights Act ya1965 uye mutemo wakatevera wataura nezveidzi kodzero.

Kugadziridza kwacho kwave kuriwo hwaro hwokuenzana kwevarume nevakadzi vachitaura pasi peCompatement Protection Claus, kuchibetsera kuputsa mitemo yorusaruraganda mubasa, mudzidzo, uye pokugara pevoruzhinji.

Mutezo Wechi 24: Kubviswa Kwomutero Wokushatisa

Kunyange zvazvo Kuchinja kwechi15 kwakanga kwarambidza kusarura kweganda pakuvhota, mitero yokuvhota yakaramba iri pamutemo munyika dzinoverengeka sechinodikanwa chokusatora pasina kupindirana nemaonero evarombo, kusanganisira vagari veAfrica vakawanda, uyewo vachena vasina kuzvipira kuvhota.

Gadziriro Huru

  • Kurambidzwa kwemitero yevhoti: Kodzero yokuvhota musarudzo yehurumende haisati ichizorongerwa pakubhadharwa kwomutero wevhoti kana kuti mumwe mutero upi noupi.
  • [[[Nto:0] Simba rokuita kuti zvinhu zvivepo [.

Pakasvika nguva yokuvhota, hurumende shanu bedzi (Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia) dzakachengeta mitero yenharo. Zvisinei, nyika idzodzo dzakanga dzashandisa mutero nenzira inobudirira kubvisa chikamu chinokosha chevhota. Hurumende ye24th Amendment yakashanda bedzi kuSarudzo yehurumende. Harper v. Virginia Board of Evolutions [1966], Dare gurusa rakakudza chirambidzo kuvhotera, richiita kuti mitero yokuvhotera iputi isakafanira yoMudziviriyo wePremo we 14 wePramendement. Iyi inodzo yakananga neya 24 yePremendement yadzo yePrement yagara yakabvumikisa kuti gadziriro dzakawanda dzebumbiro remitemo yaigona kuchengetedza pamutemo pamwe chete.

Mutezo Wechi 26: Kuderedza Nguva Yokuita Mari Kusvika Ku 18

Yakabvumirwa nokukurumidza zvikuru munhau yeAmerica, ichiwana mvumo dzinodiwa dzehurumende 38 mumwedzi inopfuura mitatu chete.

Gadziriro Huru

  • [[FOL:0] Kuvhota kwakagadzwa pa 18: Kodzero yokuvhota haisati ichizonyimwa nemhaka yezera ravagari vemo nokuda kwamakore 18 kana kuti kupfuura.
  • [[[Nto:0] Simba rokuita kuti zvinhu zvivepo [.

`Wakura Zvakakwana Kurwa, Akura Zvakakwana Kuparidzirana Nharo

Kugadziridzwa kwakanga kuri muuyo wakananga wenhambo yeHondo yeVietnam. Mamirioni amajaya akanga achinyoreswa kubatira muchiuto pazera ramakore 18, asi akanga asingakwanirisi kuvhotera vatungamiriri vanoita zvisarudzo pamusoro pehondo norugare. Chiziviso "Chokwadi chakakwana kurwa, chakura zvakakwana kuvhota" akabata simba retsika renharo. Nhamburiko dzekare dzokuderedza zera rokuvhotera dzakanga dzaitwa pamwero wenyika, nebudiriro yakati, asi kukura kweVoting Rights Act kwa1970 kwakaedza kugadza zera renyika rekuvhotera re 18, kuti pave nedare gurusa retsika mu bedzi. Mitchells yaigona kugadza nguva yekusarusaru kana kuti kusarusaru rwomunzvimbomo.

Basa rakaguma raparirwa renhambo dzokuvhota dzemwero yakasiana - siana dzesarudzo rakanga risingashandiswi.Congress yakapindura kupfurikidza nokukarakadza ganhuriro dze 26, idzo dzakabvisa ganhuriro dzose dzakavakirwa pazera nokuda kwavavhoti 18 navakuru mukusarudza kwose. Kugadziriswa kwakabatanidza vanhu vaduku vanofungidzirwa kuva mamiriyoni 11 uye yave iri nhau yenguva dzose pamusoro pomuvhoti, kuvimbisa mune zvamatongerwe enyika, uye basa repwere mumasangano ehurumende.

Kupfuura Kugadziriswa: Mutemo Wamagariro Avanhu Unochinja

Kunyange zvazvo kuchinja kwebumbiro remitemo kuchigovera gadziriro yapamutemo, kazhinji kazhinji kwakada kusimbisa mutemo kuti uve unobudirira. mitemo yehurumende inoverengeka yave iri madikanwa kushandura chipikirwa chegadziridzo kuva chinhu chaichoicho nokuda kwavagari veAmerica.

Mutemo Wa 1964 Wekodzero Dzevanhu

Chibvumirano cheChivil Rights Act cha1946 ndiwo mutemo wakakomba zvikurusa wekodzero dzavagari vemo chifo chokugadziridza. Chipfuurira mukati moudzori hwaPurezidhendi Lyndon B. Johnson uye pashure pemubati murefu muDare, Act inorambidza rusaruro rwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano, kana kuti mavambo orudzi mumhatsa yakafara yemigariro. Mazita ayo makuru anobatanidza:

  • Umutwe I: Yakazivisa kusashanda kwakaenzana kwezvinodikanwa zvokunyoresa zvevhoti (kuvaka paPendement yechi15).
  • [ Title II: rusaruro rwaizivikanwa mudzimba dzavose dzakadai sehotera, maresitorendi, uye nzvimbo dzemitambo (dzinoiswa musimba re 14 rePramendment).
  • Title III: Hurumende yakaziviswa nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo kurambidza kuwanwa kwezvivako zvavose zvakavakirwa parusaruro (14th Amendment).
  • Title IV: yakanyoresa kubviswa kwezvikoro zvavose ( Brown v. Board of Education)).
  • Title VI: Rusaruro runoziviswa kupfurikidza namapurogiramu anogamuchira mari yehurumende.
  • Title VII: rusaruro rwebasa rwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano, kana kuti mavambo orudzi ndokutanga Ecommelt Opportunity Commission (EOC).

Mutemo waSitatimendi VII wave uri hwaro hweboka guru rekusarura mabasa, kubatanidza dziviriro pakunetswa kwevatano, kusarura pamuviri, uye, kupfurikidza nemitemo yeDare Gurusa remisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, rusaruro rwakavakirwa pachimiro chevatano nechizivikanwo chemunhukadzi (Bhostock v. Clayton County, 2020]).

Murayiro Wokutsigira Kodzero Wa1965

Sezvakakurukurwa pamusoro pe15th Amendment, VRA ya1965 yakagovera miitiro yokudzikamisa iyo Pramende ye15 yakanga isina. Yakamisa kushandiswa kwenzvero dzokunyora nokunyora nokunzvera kunoitwa nehurumende, vaongorori vehurumende vanobvumirwa kunyoresa vavhoti munzvimbo dzakabatanidzwa, uye yaida kurongwa kwemitemo yesarudzo muhurumende mumitemo yehurumende nenhau yokusarura. Act yakaita migumisiro inoshamisa: pakasvika 1968, kunyoresa kweBlack muMississippi kwakanga kwakwira kubva pasi pe7% muna 1964 kusvikira kuinopfuura 59%.

Murayiro Wakanaka Wedzimba wa1968

Apfuura mukuurawa kwaDr. Luther King Jr., Fair Howary Act (Tit VIII yeChibvumirano cheChibvumirano chekodzero dzavanhu che 1968) yakarambidza rusaruro mukutengeswa, kurenda, uye kupiwa mari yedzimba dzakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, mavambo orudzi, uye vatano yapashure, urema, uye mugariro wevatano. Act yaitaura gadziriro yakadzika midziyo yedzimba idzo dzakanga dzatsigirwa nemitemo yehurumende, rusaruro rwapachivande, uye sungano dzinoganhurira rudzi. Yave ichikosha mukudenha kushambadzira, kudzora, uye mimwe miitiro youpameso, kunyange zvazvo kushatiswa kwemipoka kuchiramba iri nhau inopfuurira mumaguta akawanda eAmerica.

Kurwira Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo Nokutendeka Kumutemo

Kugadziridzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kwakurukurwa munyaya ino kunomirira misengwa yebumbiro remitemo yokuenzana nerusununguko zvichiri kupokanidzwa uye kuzadzika. Chipikirwa che13 Framendement chorusununguko chinoshorwa negadziriro yemajere evasungwa uye zvimiro zvemazuva ano zvokushandiswa kwevashandi. Hurumende ye14 ye Amendement inovimbisa kudzivirirwa kwakaenzana kunoedzwa nenharo dzokubvuma, kodzero dzokuvhota, uye kubuda munyika.

Izvo idzi gadziridzo dzineidzosero dzakafanana ndezvekuti igadziriro dzokubhejera [ kuti zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi zvitaure maruramiro azvo. Vanopa simba Congress nematare kuti vaite mukurwisana nezvimiro zvitsva zvetsarudzo izvo vagadziri vezvigadziko vaisagona kuva vakadeya kufanodeya kufungwa. Chibvumirano cheChibvumirano cheChikodzero cheOgro, Voting Rights Act of 1965, uye Fair Honlice Act ye 1968 vose vanoratidzira kuti chiito chomutemo chinogona sei kupinza upenyu murugwaro rwemitemo.

Kunzwisisa idzi gadziridzo hakusati kuri kungoziva bedzi nhau. Iko pamusoro pokuziva maturusi apamutemo anowanika kupfuudzira basa rokuvaka nzanga itsva inoruramisira neinotendeseka. Chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kusarudza icho Simende ye 14 yeConfection "dziviriro yakaenzana yemitemo" inoda munguva yacho. Sezvo zvisarudzo zveDare Gurusa reDare rinopfuurira kuumba rerevo reiyi gadziriro, uye seChibvumirano chemitemo zvehurumende zvinogadza mitemo mitsva pasi pechiremera chavo chokuchengeta, maruramiro evagari vemo anoramba ari rutivi runokosha zvikurusa rweBumbiro remitemo rokudzivirira munhu mumwe nomumwe nokuvimbisa kuti chipikirwa chinoshanda kuvagari vemo vose. Kurwisanisa kunopfuurira kwekodzero dzokuvhotera, ruramisiro kwezvemari, maruramiro edzinza, LBT+ kodzero dzavanhu nekodzero dzavose dzinoshandiswa musimba ravo rose zvapamutemo kunorondedzerwa muno. Chibvumirano chaMadokero eAmerica anosimbiswa nemhaka yemitemo inotonga chimubatanidzwa muhurumende ino, hachisimuteshipi.