Kutonga kwehurumende kunoumba musimboti wegadziriro yapamutemo yokupedza rwisano dzisingabatanidzi mhosva. Kana uri munhu akatarisana nekutaura kwokukuvara kwomunhu oga, muridzi webhizimisi anobata nokuputswa kwebvumirano, kana kuti mhuri inorambana nenhau dzokuchengeta mwana, achinzwisisa kuti dare ravagari vemo rinoshanda sei. Iyi nhungamiro inogovera tsananguro yakakwana, nhano nenhano dzedare ravagari vemo, vatambi vakuru vanobatanidzwa, uye nzwisiso dzinoshanda mundyiko, ufakazi, uye zvinotsiva kutongwa. Pamugumo, uchava nemepu yakajeka yeizvo ungakarira apo mhaka yako inopinda mutsika yeruramisiro yavagari vemo.

Chii Chiri Dare Ravagari Vemo?

Dare rehurumende idare rinotonga rinobata nharo pakati pemasangano emunhu oga neapo nepokupotera, masangano ehurumende, kana kuti mamwe masangano.

Matare ehurumende anotonga nyaya dzakasiyana - siyana, kusanganisira:

  • [[FOL:0] . . . — apo mumwe munhu anokundikana kuita mubvumirano inosungirwa pamutemo.
  • [[[FURO:0] zviitiko zvisina kuwirirana [[[FLT: 1] — kusabvumirana pamusoro pouranda, miganhu, kana kuti kushandiswa kwezvinhu chaizvoizvo kana kuti zvomunhu oga.
  • [ inoti [ — kuvadziko yomunhu oga, kuzvidza, kuregeredza, kana kuti zvimwe zvikanganiso zvehurumende zvinoparira kuvadziko.
  • [[[FL:0] mutemo wemhuri [[[FLT: 1]] — chatanuro, kodzero yokuchengeta mwana, tsigiro yavana, uye kurera vana.
  • [[FOL:0] kakavadzano dzenhema — kugumisa kusina kururama, rusaruro, mari inotambirwa uye kuputswa kweawa.
  • [[[FOL:0] probate nenhau dzenzvimbo[ — ichadaro, kutarisirwa kwechivimbo.
  • inobvumira zviito[ — kukwirira mhaka kunounzwa neboka ravanhu vanotaura zvakafanana.

Kunzwisisa ukuru hwedare rehurumende kunokubatsira kuziva kuti nzira ipi yepamutemo inoshanda kumamiriro ako ezvinhu. Nokuda kwezvimwe zvemhaka dzehurumende, ona United States Courts resivil post[[[FLT: 1]].

Muitiro Wedare Ravagari Vemo: Famba Nenhanho

Kunyange zvazvo nyaya dzose dzakasiyana, kukwikwidza mhosva kunowanzoitika muhurumende kunotevedzana.

Kunyunyuta

Muitiro unovamba apo mubato unounza sutu(mafaira inodanwa segwaro repamutemo rinonzi rinotsanangura nedare. Kunyunyuta kunoratidzira kutaura kwapamutemo kwemuteotiff, maidi anotsigira kutaura ikoko, uye mvumo itsvakwa. Inofanira kuwirirana nemirau yakananga, yakadai sokutaura chisakiso chechiito namaidi zvakakwana kutaura. Filing inodawo kuripira mubhadharo, unosiana nedare nerudzi; mari inobhadharwa inowanika nokuda kwezvibhadharo zvakaderera.

2. Basa Rokufambira Mberi

Pashure pokunge nyunyuto yachengetwa, mukwiridzi anofanira kuzivisa mukwiridziri (bato rinenge richikwidzwa) nomutoo wakanyorwa pamutemo. Ikoku kunozivikanwa se mutevedzeri wegadziriro yebasa[. Mukwirirwi anogamuchira madai nekopi yenyunyuto, izvo zvinovapa ziviso yapamutemo yedare nenhambo yokupindura. Basa rakafanira rinodikanwa kuvimbisa kuti dare rine chiremera pamusoro pomukwirirwi; kukundikana kubatira zvakarurama kunogona kunonotsa mhaka kana kuti kutungamirira kukubudiswa.

Kupindura

Kana angogoverwa, mukwirirwi ane nguva yakaganhurirwa (mufananidzo mazuva 21 kusvikira ku 30) kunyora hembe. Kupindura kungatora zvimiro zvinoverengeka:

  • Mhinduro — inobvuma kana kuti kuramba pomero uye ingabatanidza dziviriro.
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • [[FLT: 0] qualium — mukwirirwi anotaura kuzvirevera kwake amene muposttiff.

Kana mukwirirwi akakundikana kupindura, muparidzi anogona kukumbira dare rutongeso rwakaipa , urwo runoita kuti ruyamuro ruve rwakakumbirwa.

4. Kuwanikwa

Kuwana kazhinji kazhinji ndiro danho refusa uye rinopa manyuko akawanda. Vose vari vaviri vanotsinhana mashoko anokosha noufakazi kuti vavake zviitiko zvavo. Maturusi okuwana anobatanidza:

  • [[[FORTA:0] Kududzira [ — mibvunzo yakanyorwa inofanira kupindurwa mumhiko.
  • [ mamiriro [ — chipupuriro chinotaurwa chinoitwa mumhiko pamberi pokutongwa, namagweta anobva kumativi ose aripo.
  • Nzvero nokuda kwokubudiswa[ — dzinoda magwaro, maemail, zvibvumirano, marekodhi ezvokurapa, zvichingodaro.
  • Kukumbira nokuda kwokubvuma [ — kutaura uko mupokani anofanira kubvuma kana kuti kuramba, achipfupikisa nhau dzekutongwa.

Kuwana simba noutera zvinokurudzira kugadzirisa kana kuti kujekesa ngozi dzokuenda kunotongwa.

5. Kufamba Kunoitika Pachine Nguva

Kutonga kusati kwavamba, rutivi rumwe norumwe runganyora mibato yenhau kupedza nhau dzapamutemo kana kuti kunyange kuguma mhaka. Kufamba kunowanzobatanidza:

  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • Motion mu limine — inokumbira dare kubvisa ufakazi hwakati kuti pakutongwa.
  • Motion kumanikidza[ — anotsvaka chiito chedare kumanikidza rumwe rutivi kuti chibudise mhinduro dzekuwana.

Kungoedza kudarika kunogona kuchinja zvikuru nzira yokupa mhosva, dzimwe nguva kuchibvisa kudiwa kwokutongwa zvachose.

6. Kutongwa

Kana nyaya yacho isina kupedzwa nokufamba kana kuti kugadzikiswa, inopfuurira kutongwa mudare revagari vemo, mutongi anosarudza zvose zviri zviviri maidi nomutemo. Mukutonga kwedare rinobetsera vatongi, boka ravagari vemo rinosarudza maidi, uye mutongi anoshandisa mutemo. Kutonga kunotevera chimiro chakarongeka:

  1. [ mashoko okuzarura [ — rutivi rumwe norumwe runorondedzera zvavanoda kubvumikisa.
  2. Posttiff’s copyr — inopa ufakazi nedanidzo; mukwirirwi angapa muchinjikwa wearecamine.
  3. [[[FT:0] Chinoitika chaFendentant — chinoratidzira ufakazi hwayo imene nezvapupu; mapectiff aiparate-examine.
  4. [ — rutivi rumwe norumwe runopfupikisa ufakazi uye runotaura mutongo.
  5. Miraidzo yechiJudha[ — mutongi anotsanangura mutemo unofanira kushandiswa nedare rinobetsera vatongi.
  6. Kupa mutongo nechisarudzo — vatongi vanosvika chisarudzo, kana kuti mutongi anozivisa zviwanwa mukutonga kwebhenji.

7 Rutongeso

Pashure porutongeso, dare rinopinda mukutonga kuzivisa muuyo nesununguro ipi neipi inopiwa. Chisarudzo chingabatanidza kuvadziko dzemari, kuyamura, kana kuti zororo rokubvisa. Kukunda rutongeso hakupi chipikirwa chose chose; boka rinokunda ringada kuita nhano dzokuwedzera kuisimbisa (ona “Chinoitika Pashure porutongeso” pasi).

Kumbira

Mubato unorasikirwa kazhinji kazhinji une maruramiro ku rutongeso kudare rapamusoro. Zvikumbiro hazvisati zviri matarezve; dare redare rinonzvera chinyorwa chemhosho dzapamutemo (kokuitira muenzaniso, mirayiridzo isina kururama, kubvumwa kusina kufanira kwoufakazi, kana kuti kunzwisiswa kwakaipa kwomutemo. dare redare rinogona kusimbisa, kuchinja, kana kuti kudzosera mhaka nokuda kwokumwe kutongwa. Chikumbiro chinogona kuva chinodhura uye nguva, naizvozvo kazhinji kazhinji inoteererwa bedzi apo zvikanganiso zvapamutemo zvikuru zvinovapo.

Vatambi Vanokosha Mukufambira Mberi Kwevagari Vomunyika

Kunzwisisa mabasa omumwe nomumwe anenge achiitwa kuchakubatsira kuti unyatsoongorora uye kuti unyatsokurukurirana neboka rako repamutemo.

  • [[FOLT:0] Platotiff — mubato anotanga dare. Mupurisa anotakura mutoro wokubvumikisa zvinotaura kupfurikidza nokurangarira kwoufakazi (kunenge zvikuru kupfuura kusadaro).
  • [ . — boka rinenge richitongwa. Mukwirirwi anogona kumutsa dziviriro, mafaira anorwisana, kana kuti madhindindi anopesana neaindefa.
  • [ Mutongi [[FLT: 1] — anotungamirira nhau, mitemo pamibato yapamutemo, anotarisira kutonga, uye anova nechokwadi chomuitiro wakafanira. Mukutongwa kwebhenji, mutongi anoitawo sowawana idi.
  • Jury — mukutonga kwedare ravagari vemo, vagari vemo 6 kusvikira ku 12 vanonzwa ufakazi ndokusarudza maidi akapokanidzwa. Chisarudzo chavo hachifaniri kuva chakabatana kutoti mitemo yomunzvimbomo ichiida; zviremera zvizhinji zvinobvumira chiverengero chikuru kana kuti chisarudzo chikuru munhau dzevagari vemo.
  • Attorney — vamiriri vapamutemo vanotsigira vatengi vavo. Vamiriri vehurumende vangasarudza kuzvimirira vamene (pro se), asi kuoma kwemitemo nokuwana kunoita kuti kumirira kwounyanzvi kuve kwakaisvonaka zvikuru.
  • vashandi vedare [[FLT: 1] — vanamabharani vanotarisira masherufu, purogiramu, uye marekodhi enhau; vatori venhau vedare vanobudisa marekodhi epamutemo.

Marudzi Emhosva Dzevagari Vemo Dzinodonongodzwa

Nepo mapoka akafara akarovedzeka, rudzi rumwe norumwe rwenhau rune mipimo yarwo rumene yapamutemo nemiitiro.Heino inzvero yakadzama pazviito zvavagari vemo zvinozivikanwa navose.

Gakava Rinorwisana

Zviitiko zvinomuka apo mumwe munhu anokundikana kuita mukuwirirana nebvumirano. Mupoka anofanira kubvumikisa: (1) chibvumirano chapamutemo chiripo, (2) mukwiridzirwi akaputsa chibvumirano, uye (3) kupunza kwapakarepo kwakaparira kuvadziko. Remejation inogona kubatanidza kuvadziko yokutsiva, kuita chaiko (kudzosa boka kupedza chibvumirano chacho), kana kuti kudzorera chibvumirano chacho (kubatanidza chibvumirano nokudzorera mativi kunzvimbo dzazvo dzapakuvamba).

Kukuvara Kwomunhu Oga (Tort) Kunotaura

Kutaura kuti kunobatanidza zvikanganiso zvevagari vemo zvinoparira kuvadziko. Chinozivikanwa zvikurusa kutambanudzwa, kunoda ufakazi hwebasa, kuputsa, kukuvadza, uye kuvadziko. Mienzaniso inobatanidza tsaona dzemotokari, zvinoitika zvemaspirit, kusashanda zvakanaka kwezvokurapa, uye njodzi yezvigadzirwa. Zvikwereti zvemitengo zvakadai sekurova, bhatiri, kuzvidza, uye unyengeri (jekiseni) ufakazi hwokuti mupomeri akaita namaune. Kutsiva kungapiwa muzvinoitika zvakanyanyisa kuti arange mufambiro unonyadzisa.

Mutemo Wemhuri Unokosha

Dare remhuri rinobata chatanuro, kodzero yokuchengeta mwana, tsigiro yavabereki, uye kurera mwana. iyi nhau kazhinji kazhinji inobatanidza nhau dzemirangariro uye iri pasi pemitemo yakananga. matare mazhinji emhuri anokurudzira kuderedza rwisano ndokusvika gadziriro dzinogamuchirika.

Makakatanwa Ebasa

Kupesana kwebasa kunofukidza kubviswa kwakaipa, kunetsa, rusaruro (runotsamira padzinza, zera, urema, zvichingodaro), uye kuputswa kwomubhadharo neawa. Mitemo yeFederal yakadai seTitle VII yeChirevo chekodzero dzechimubatanidzwa, vaAmerican vane Mutemo wokuremadzwa, uye Fair Labor Standardal Act inoparira kodzero idzo vashandi vanogona kuisa mudare rehurumende. Nhau dzakawanda dzebasa dzinoda kunyunyuta neEOC pamberi pokunge kukwikwidza mhaka kugona kupfuurira.

Kunzwisisa Zvinotapurwa Nokunyepa Kwevagari Vomunyika Imwe Chete

Kuziva zvinhu zvikuru zvinoda mari kunokubatsira kuronga mari uye kuita zvisarudzo uchiziva nezvokutsvaka kana kudzivirira nyaya yacho.

  • [ Mitero yokushambadza [ — inosiana nedare; inokarira $100-500 (Z $550) kunyora nyunyuto mudare rehurumende, uye $400+ mudare rehurumende. Zvikwereti zvemari zvinowanika nokuda kwamapati anonyima.
  • Mibhadharo yeAttorney — magweta anobhadharisa kazhinji kazhinji neawa ($150/$1,000+ paawa kutsamira panzvimbo naunyanzvi) kana kuti kushanda pahwaro hwakajeka (kutora chikamu chikuru chokunaya, kazhinji kazhinji 33/40% mukuvadziko dzomunhu oga). Mamwe magweta emhuri anoshandisa mibhadharo yakapfupika nokuda kwenhau dzisina kuedzwa.
  • [ Mitengo yokupupurira [ — nyanzvi muminda yakadai semishonga, injiniya, kana kuti mari inogona kubhadhara $200-1 500 (Z $1880 000) paawa nokuda kwouchapupu uye kugadzirira mushumo.
  • Ndyiko dzakavanzika[ — inobatanidza mari yedare yokuisa mashoko mudare (mapepanhau pazuva), kukopa, kuhwinaidza purogiramu yekombiyuta yebvunzo, uye ndyiko dzerwendo.
  • Ndyiko dzemari — dzingabatanidza mari yedare rinobetsera vatongi, kuratidzira, zvipupuriro zvapupu, uye mutori wenhau wedare mutengo wezuva nezuva.
  • [[FOL:0] Ndyiko dzechiAppel [ — kugadzirira chinyorwa, kunyora mipfupi, uye kutaura kunowedzera zviuru kuhwerengedzo.

Kuti ugadzirise ndyiko, rangarira kurukurirano dzapakuvamba dzokugadzikisa, zvibvumirano zvokuwana zvakaganhurirwa, kana kuti chisarudzo chegadziro. Nokuda kwezvizhinji pakutarisira ndyiko dzemari, tsvaka zviwanikwa zvakafanana [[FLT: 0] nenhungamiro yeNolo ku mhaka dzevagari vemo.

Kupesana Kunotsiva Chisarudzo (ADR)

Matare anokurudzira vanhu vakawanda kuti vagadzirise nyaya dzavo nomuADR, izvo zvinogona kuchengetedza nguva, mari, uye kuchengetedza ukama.

  • Chibvumirano [ — chikamu chechitatu chisingatori rutivi (murevereri) chinopfavisa kukurukura. Murevereri haasarudzi nhau asi anobetsera mapoka kuwana nzvimbo imwe. Medias haisati iri chibvumirano chinobatanidza kutoti chasvikwa ndokusainwa.
  • Arbitation — mutongi asingatori rutivi anonzwa ufakazi uye anoshandura chisarudzo chinosungisa (chinomanikidzirwa, chine maruramiro okukwidza akaganhurirwa). Zvibvumirano zvizhinji zvinoda kutora pamberi pechiito chedare. Kutora kunonyanyokurumidza uye kwakavanzika zvikuru kupfuura dare.
  • [[[NHAU]] Kubatanidza[[FT:1] — mapati (kazhinji kupfurikidza nezano) anokurukura kugarwa zvakananga. Kudzokororwa kunogona kuitika padanho ripi neripi, kunyange mukati mokutongwa.

ADR inogona kupedza gakava munhau yemwedzi panzvimbo pamakore. American Bar Association’s Chikamu cheDispute Resolution[[FLT: 1] inopa mashoko okuwedzera paiyi mitoo.

Kushanda Kwouchapupu Mumhosva Dzevagari Vemo

Uchapupu hwakavakirwa panhau ipi neipi yehurumende. Kuti ibudirire, panofanira kupa uchapupu hunokwanisa hunotsigira zvavanotaura kana kuti zvinodzivirira. Ufakazi hunopinda mumapoka anoverengeka:

  • ufakazi hwechipo — kutaura kwokupika kunobva kuzvapupu, mapati, kana kuti nyanzvi mukati mekutongwa kana kuti kutongwa.
  • ufakazi hwechibvumirano — zvibvumirano, maemail, marekodhi ezvokurapa, invoisi, mapikicha, uye makarekodhi evhidhiyo.
  • [ ufakazi hwemichina — zvinhu zvinooneka zvakadai sechinhu chakaremara kana kuti chidimbu chemichina.
  • Ufakazi hwokuratidzira [[[FLT: 1] — machati, mifananidzo, zviratidziro, kana kuti zvikarakadzo zvinoshandiswa kutsanangura maidi akaoma kudare rinobetsera vatongi.

Mitemo youfakazi inodzora chinogona kubvumwa.Teresay (mashoko akataurwa kunze kwedare nokuda kwezvokwadi yenhau yacho) kazhinji kazhinji haibvumirwi kutoti chakasiana chichishanda. Gweta rine unyanzvi unoziva nzira yokusuma nayo ufakazi nenzira inobudirira uye inoramba ufakazi husina kufanira hunobva kurutivi runopikisa.

Mutoro Woufakazi Mumhosva Dzavagari Vemo

Muzvinoitika zvehurumende, mutongi ane mutoro wokubvumikisa mhaka yake kupfurikidza ne kurangarira ufakazi. Ikoku kunoreva ufakazi hunofanira kuratidza kuti shanduro yezvinoitika zvomupanguri ingangodaro iri yechokwadi zvikuru kupfuura (anopfuura 50%). Iyi itsika yakaderera kupfuura mutemo woutsotsi “kusava nechokwadi chine mufungo.” Mune mamwe mativi chaiwo anobatanidza mhaka dzechitsotsi kana kuti kukuvadza kwechapa-jeri(zvimwe matare angashandisa“ ufakazi hwakajeka noufakazi hunopwisa”, uhwo huchiri mupimo wakakwirira kupfuura usati wavapo asi uhwo hunopfupi.

Kuziva Zvausingakwanisi

Kutaura kwose kwehurumende kune ganhuriro yenguva umo kukwidza mhaka kunofanira kuiswa, kunozivikanwa se kunyengera kweganhuriro. Kana mupomeri akapotsa nguva, kutaura kunorambidzwa zvechigarire. Nguva inosiana nomutemo norudzi rwenhau:

  • Kukuvara kwomunhu oga: kazhinji kazhinji makore 1 - 4 kubva pamusi wokukuvara.
  • Ita kuti pave negakava: makore 3 -6 kubva pabonde.
  • Kuzvidzwa: kazhinji kazhinji makore 1-2.
  • Kubiridzira: Kunogona kutanga musi wawakaona unyengeri hwacho.

Majekiseni (akadai so “mutemo woungwaru” mukusashanda zvakanaka kwezvokurapa) angatambanudza nguva. Nguva dzose bvunza gweta nokukurumidza kudzivisa kurasikirwa namaruramiro ako okukwidzwa. Nokuda kwokupeta kweganhuriro dzehurumende dzakajeka, ona [[FLT: 0] FindLaw’s translation translation [

Chii Chinoitika Pashure Porutongeso?

Kuhwina mutongo hakuvimbisi muripo wokukurumidza. Mutengi anova mukwereti wechisarudzo, uye mukwiri ane chikwereti chorutongeso.

  • Wage mari inotengeswa [ — murayiro wedare unoda kuti mushandirwi womukwereti abhadhare chikamu chemari inobhadharwa ndokuitumira kumukwereti.
  • akaundi yebhengi levy — dare rinobvumira kubvuta mari kubva muakaundi yomukwereti.
  • [[[FOL:0] propect [ — mutongo unoiswa papfuma chaiyoiyo yomukwereti, uchidzivisa kutengeswa pasina kubhadhara chikwereti.
  • kubatwa netsvina [ — munhau dzakanyanyisa, dare ringabvumira mutongi kuba ndokutengesa zvinhu zvisina kubviswa.

Zviito zvokumanikidzira zvinodzorwa nomutemo wehurumende uye zvingaganhurirwa nokusabvumirwa kupfurikidza nokusabhadharwa (sezviito, chikamu chemibayiro, nzvimbo dzepamba, maakaundi okurega basa). Rutongeso runowanzoita fariro pamwero wemitemo kusvikira rwabhadharwa.

mhedziso

Zviitiko zvavagari vemo zvakarongwa, zvakarongeka, zvakadzika mirayiridzo yokupedza nayo kakavadzano dzakavanzika. Kubva mukunyunyuta kwokutanga kupfurikidza nokuwana, kutongwa, uye kukwirira kungabvira, chikuva chimwe nechimwe chinoda kugadzirira nokuronga chisarudzo chakafanira. Kana uri kurangarira kukwirira mhaka kana kuti kudzivirira mumwe, kunzwisisa muitiro wacho, ndyiko, uye zvimwe zvinokusimbisa kuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva. Nepo nhungamiro iyi ichifukidza zvinokosha, nguva dzose kutsvaka zano repamutemo rapamutemo kubva kugweta rakakwani rakakodzera nokuda kwemamiriro ako ezvinhu chaiwo.