Basa Rematare Mukuchinja Kwemitemo: Kudzika Mupfungwa Dzemapinduriro Anoitwa Mitemo uye Kuchinjwa Kwakaitwa

Gadziriro yapamutemo haisati iri chirangaridzo chapamutemo chakarerekera; chirevo chipenyu, chigadziko icho chinofanira kuchinjira kuchinjira kukuchinja mipimo yenzanga, fambiro mberi dzeruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye nzwisiso itsva dzeruramisiro. Matare, sebazu rechitatu rehurumende, anokosha kuiyi mhindumupindu. Kure nokungoshandisa bedzi mitemo iripo, matare anodudzira mitemo, kupedza gakava, uye [“notongedzera nenzira inotambudza, ” NW] nzira inoshandiswa, isati iri yapamutemo inogona kudenhwa uye kuchinjwa pakupedzisira. Vadzidzisi, vadzidzi, vadzidzi, uye varonze kuti muitiro uyu unoshanda sei kuti unzwisise ukama hune simba pakati pomutemo nenzanga. Nyaya iyi inonzvera miitiro, mienzaniso yemiteo yetsika, uye zvinoramba zvichinetsa kurondedzera basa repamutemo.

Basa Rinokosha Ramufundisi Mukuchinja Kwepamutemo

Muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yebumbiro-mitemo, hapana bazi rehurumende rine simba rakakwana. Vatongi vanoita mabasa anokosha pazvose zviri zviviri mapazu emitemo neanotungamirira kupfurikidza nokuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo nemabasa ehurumende zvinowirirana nebumbiro remitemo nenheyo dzinokosha dzeruramisiro. Iri simba re redare rinodzokororwa , ichiremera chokuzivisa mutemo usina kutenderwa kwemitemo yazvino uno kupfurikidza nematare. Pasi paro, masangano emitemo angagona kupfuudza mitemo inoputsa kodzero dzavanhu pasina kukuvadzwa kupi nokupi nokupi.

Matare haangotauri kuti "eee" kana kuti "no" kumutemo; anogovera dudziro dzinorangarirwa idzo kazhinji kazhinji dzinogadza mipimo inowirirana nokuda kwenhau dzomunguva yemberi. Uyu muitiro, unozivikanwa se staris decis[, unoparira dzikamo nokusajeka nepo uchibvumirawo chinjo yapashoma napashoma sezvo zvinoitika zvitsva zvinopa maidi akasiana kana kuti kudenha mufungo wezvisarudzo zvekare. Basa rejudiciary mugadziridzo dzemitemo rinogona kuputswa kuva mabasa akati kuti:

  • Kudzivirira maruramiro Omunhu mumwe nomumwe nerwiyo: Matare anodzivirira okupedzisira nokuda kwavanhu vane kodzero dzakapunzwa nehurumende kana kuti navatambi vavanhu. Kupfurikidza nemhosva, vaparidzi vanogona kutsvaka zvitsivi uye, mumuitiro, kumanikidza matare kunzverazve ukuru hwedziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo.
  • Kuzivisa Muchina weAdding Grievances: Tsika yemitemo inogovera mutoo wakarongwa, une rugare zvikuru wokupedza rwisano. Uyu mukoto unodzivisa kukakavadzana kukura kuva masimba masimba kana kuti ruramisiro yokungwarira uye unobvumira kurongwa kwenharo dzapamutemo.
  • Kuchinja Mitemo Isina Kururama: Apo mutemi wemitemo unoita mutemo unoputsa maruramiro akadzivirirwa nebumbiro remitemo, matare ane simba rokuuparadza. Iri basa rinooneka zvikurusa apo mutemo unorwisana naBill of Rights kana kuti dzimwe gadziriro huru dzebumbiro remitemo.
  • Kududzira mitemo: Kazhinji kazhinji, revo yomutemo haina kujeka. Dare rinojekesa vavariro yemitemo ndokuzadza miganhu, zvinonyatsoumba kuti mutemo unoshanda sei. Iri basa rokududzira rinogona kuchinja zvikuru tapuro chaiyo yomutemo wenyika.

Dare rinoita zvokumanikidzwa nezvematongerwo enyika kana kuti rine mirangariro isina kunaka harigoni kuita basa raro semunhu anopa mutemo uye anochengetedza mutemo.

Kupikiswa Kunoitwa Mitemo: Nzira Dzokudare

Kunzwisisa nzira idzi kunoratidza kuti nzira dzinoshandiswa chaizvo uye dzinogadziriswa.

Kupikiswa: Mushonga Wepo Wokutanga

Nzira yakananga zvikurusa yokudenha nayo mutemo ndeyokupa mhaka. Mumwe anofungidzirwa kuva akuvadzwa nomutemo / anoparira nyunyuto mudare rinotonga. Kuva ne akamira, mupomeri anofanira kuratidza kuti vakatambura kuvadziko yakasimba inotendwa kumutemo uye kuti chisarudzo chedare chakanaka chingava chinokuvadza. Ichi chinodikanwa chinovimbisa kuti matare haapiki mirangariro isina mufungo pamibvunzo yapamutemo asi panzvimbo pezvo kupedza gakavadzano dzinorarama.

Kukweva munhu nemuromo kunogona kuva nezvimiro zvakasiyana - siyana:

  • [[FT: 0] Zvinetso zvikuru: Mutengi anotaura kuti mutemo hauwirirani mumitemo yawo yose. Izvozvi zvakaoma zvikurusa kukunda nemhaka yokuti mupinyi anofanira kuratidza kuti hapana mugariro wemigariro uripo umo mutemo ungava wakakodzera.
  • [ Se-Adfish Depression: Mutengi anotaura kuti mutemo hauwirirani seanoshanda kumugariro wavo wakati, kunyange kana ungava wakakodzera mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Uku inzira inozivikanwa zvikuru uye inowanzobudirira zvikuru.
  • Class Action Lawsuits: Mutemo paunoti unokuvadza boka guru ravanhu nenzira yakafanana, mumiriri mumwe kana kuti vakawanda vanogona kupomera kirasi yose. Iyi nzira inosimbisa tapuro yenhau imwe uye inoshandiswa kazhinji kazhinji mukodzero dzevagari vemo, dziviriro yavatengi, uye mhoteredzo.

Kana mhaka yangotongwa bedzi, dare richasarudza kushanda kwomutemo kupfurikidza nokusaita chiito, kuwana, uye, kana kuri madikanwa, kutonga. Kana dare rokutonga rikatonga richitonga mukurwisana nomutemo, hurumende ingakwirira; kana dare rikatonga rinotsigira mutemo, mupokani angakwirira. Muitiro wacho unogona kutora makore uye unobatanidza mwero mizhinji yehwirudzuro yedare.

Mitauro Mipfupi yeAmicus Curiae

curasie (ChiLatin nokuda kwe "shamwari yedare") igwaro rapamutemo rinochengetwa nomunhu kana kuti sangano risati riri mubato kunhau yacho asi rine fariro yakasimba mumuuyo. Iyi mipfumo inogovera dare mashoko okuwedzera, tsereso, kana kuti mirangariro izvo mapoka amene angave asina kupiwa zvizere. Mipfumo yakarovedzeka zvikuru pamitezo yeDare rapamusorosoro.

Mapoka ane fariro akadai seAmerican Civil Liberees Union, National Association for the Advanced People Legal Defense Fund, Chamber of Commerce, uye masangano erusununguko rworudzidziso (panosanonyorwa napo mafaira kuti apesvedzere chinjo yapamutemo. Mapoka akasanogadziridzwa anogona kusimbisa revo huru dzenhau, mashoko anoparirwa, kana kuti kukwevera mashoko kune dzimwe nharaunda dzomutemo. Nepo dare risingasungirwi neidzi nharo, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji rinoumba kufunga kwedare uye rinogona kududzwa mumurangariro wokupedzisira.

Mafungiro Evanhu Nemasangano Enzanga

Matare haasati achidzivirirwa chose chose pamufungo wavanhu. Nepo vatongi vachifanira kusarudza mhaka dzakavakirwa pamutemo namaidi, mugariro wenzanga wakafara zvikuru nowezvamatongerwe enyika unogona kupesvedzera nzira iyo mitemo inodenhwa nayo uye, pakupedzisira, kuti inochinjwa nayo. Masangano enzanga (kubva pamubato wekodzero dzavagari vemo kusvikira kumubatanidzwa wekuenzana weroorano) (8) akashandisa mubatanidzwa wekuzvinyima, dzidzo yavose, uye midzi youswa kuunza nhau pamberi pematare.

Nhimbe dzakarongwa dzinowanzovamba nokusarudza kwokungwarira kwamashoko nenhau dzemiedzo. Vatsigiri vanotsvaka vazivisi vanonzwira tsitsi vane nhau dzinoratidzira kuvadziko inoparirwa nomutemo usina kururama. Vanosarudzawo miganhu yakanaka umo mutemo ungabvira zvikuru kuparadzwa. Panguva imwe cheteyo, kunyunyuta kwavose, kufukidzwa kwapamhene, uye nhimbe dzedzidzo zvinovaka kuziva navagadziri vemiitiro yedzvinyiriro, kubatanidza vatongi. Brown v. Board of Education , somuenzaniso, yakanga iri mugumo wamakumi amakore egadziriro yapamutemo ne NAACP, yakabatanidzwa nezvimiro zvavose zvendangariro zvehurumende pamusoro pekuchinja.

Kuchinja Kwepamutemo Kunoitwa Kupfurikidza Nematare: Kuparara Nhano Nenzira

Kunzwisisa chikuva chimwe nechimwe chinochinja mutemo uchishandisa dare repamutemo hachisi chinhu chimwe chete asi muitiro wezvikamu zvakawanda unogona kupedza makore kana kuti kunyange makumi emakore.

Kudzima Mhaka

Kunyunyuta kwacho kunofanira kutaura zvakajeka maidi anomutsa gakava racho, mutemo wakananga uri kudenhwa, uye hwaro hwapamutemo hwedenho yacho (sezvinei, kuputswa kweFirst Amendment kana kuti dziviriro yakaenzana). Mupurisa anofanirawo kukumbira mushonga chaiwo, wakadai seziviso yokuti mutemo haubvumirwi kana kuti unodzivisa kuchengetwa kwawo.

Kufambira Mberi Kutangira

Pashure pokunge nyunyuto yaitwa, nhau yacho inopinda mudanho rokuwana. Vose vari vaviri vanounganidza ufakazi, vanotora mapepa, vanochinjana mapepa, uye vangabatanidza chiito chokudzinga (kubatanidza kuti kunyange kana maidi ari echokwadi, hapana kutaura kwapamutemo) kana kuti chiito nokuda kwechisarudzo chepfupi (kuzivisa kuti hakuna maidi anokakavadzana uye nhau yacho inogona kusarudzwa senhau yomutemo). Zvinetso zvapamutemo zvakawanda zvinopedzwa panhambo ino pasina muedzo, zvikurukuru apo zvikanganiso zvemitemo zvemitemo zvinojeka pameso payo.

Kutongwa

Kana nhau yacho ikapfuurira kutongwa, mutongi anofanira kupa ufakazi hwokubvumikisa pomero dzavo.Mune dzimwe nhau, mutongi oga anonzwa ufakazi; mune dzimwe, mutongi anosarudza mibvunzo yechokwadi. Kana ufakazi hwapiwa, mutongi anoshandisa mutemo wakafanira uye anopa chisarudzo. Kana mutongi akawana mutemo usingawirirani nehurumende, hurumende ingarambidzwa kuushandisa.

Kukwirira

Mubato unorashikirwa unodokuva nguva dzose une maruramiro okukwirira kudare rapamusoro. Mutsika yomubatanidzwa, ikoku kunoreva kufadza kubva kudare roruwa kusvikira kudare redunhu rekukwirira, uye sezvinobvira kuDare Gurusa. pamwero weapellate, ngwariro iri pazvikanganiso zvapamutemo zvinoitwa mukati mokutonga, kwete pakunzverazve maidi. Zvikwiro zvinohwirudzura mhedziso dzapamutemo dzedare redare redare de novo (ritsva) asi kunonokera kuzvakawanwa kunze kwokunge zvakashata zvakajeka.

Muitiro wokukwirira unogona kutora mwedzi kana kuti makore. Hurumende ingakwidza zvikumbiro zvakawanda.

Kuongorora Kukurusa kweDare

Nhano yokupedzisira mugadziriro yomubatanidzwa chikumbiro checherero yecertiorari kuDare Rapamusorosoro reUnited States. Dare harisungirwi kunzwa chikumbiro chiri chose; rinogamuchira bedzi inenge 1-2% yemikumbiro. Nhau dzinopa mibvunzo inokosha zvikuru yebumbiro remitemo, kana kuti iyo inopedza kukamukana pakati pematare edunhu, sezvingabvira zvikurusa ichapiwa hwirudzuro.

Kana Dare rikabvumira certiorari, mapoka anopa mipfupiso yakazara, uye nharo dzokutaura dzinoitwa. Zviratidzo ipapo zvamaune uye zvinopa murangariro wakanyorwa. Chisarudzo cheDare chinova mutemo wenyika, chinobatanidza matare ose akaderera. Chisarudzo chokuti mutemo wehurumende igweta risingawirirani nomutemo munyika yose. Chisarudzo chinodudzira mutemo wehurumende nenzira inobudirira "nonyora" mutemo nokuda kwezvishandiso zvomunguva yemberi, kutoti kana Dare rakazoruramisa mutemo wacho kubvisa kutsanangura.

Kupara Uye Kuzotevera

Kunyange pashure pechisarudzo chedare, chinjo yapamutemo haisati iri inongoerekana. Bazu guru rinofanira kuwirirana nechisarudzo, uye matare maduku anofanira kushandisa muenzaniso mutsva. Mune dzimwe nhau, vagadzi vemitemo vangapfuudza mitemo mitsva kuti vapedze mipamberi yepamutemo inoumbwa nedare. Somuenzaniso, pashure pokunge Dare Gurusa raparadza gadziriro dzinokosha dzeCourt Rights Act in Shelby County v. Raker (2013), Congress akakundikana kupfuudza mutongo mutsva, achisiya gomba guru mukuchengetwa kwekodzero dzehurumende. Chikamu ichi chinosimbisa kudzokororwa pakati pechiito chokutonga nechibvumirano.

Zviratidzo Zvepasi Zvakachinja Mitemo

Nhau yakazara nenyaya umo matare, zvikurukuru Dare Rapamusorosoro, akachinja mamiriro ezvinhu emitemo neenzanga.Aya matare anoratidza simba rokuongorora uye kuchinja kwemitemo.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Zvichida muenzaniso unorumbidzwa zvikurusa wechinjo yapamutemo mumatare, Brown v. Board of Education yakarovanya kusarurana kwedzinza muzvikoro zvavose, ichiputsa "kubatana asi zvakaenzana" dzidziso yakagadzwa muPneby v. Ferguson (1896). Chisarudzo chacho chakanyorwa naProfesfet Earl Warren, chakabatanidza kuti zvikoro zvakasakiswa nokuputsa Kudzivirira kwe 1449t Amend Amend Amend Remend. Mhaka yacho yakanga iri mugumisiro wezano resangano rakarongwa neNaACPFFFFFFFFFFF, raitungamirirwa naThurshall. Yakagadziridza nzira yekodzero dzeChibvumirano chavagari cha196565, kunyange zvazvo zvichidzorwa naMagariro akapfuurira nokuda kwamakore akawanda. [Fogrown Fromet]

Wade (1973)

Chisarudzo cheDare chakarerutsa mitemo yakawanda yairambidza kubvisa pamuviri. maruramiro ebumbiro remitemo romukadzi okusarudza kubvisa pamuviri, akavakirwa mumaruramiro okuvandika anorehwa neSayenzi yeProcesmeth Amendment. Chisarudzo cheDare racho chakabvisa simba remitemo yairambidza kubvisa pamuviri, kutanga gakava renhau rezvamatongerwe enyika nerepamutemo. Mhaka yacho inoramba iri muedzo wekurukurirano pamusoro pechiito chokutonga, muenzaniso, uye basa resayenzi netsika mududziro yapamutemo. Kunyange zvazvo Dare Rapamusorosoro rakashandura mupimo muPlanneth Parents. Caserie (6) uye pakupedzisira kudzora paDobs Robs. Dare ravakadzi reOd Health Organization (222), chinoitika padare reAmerica. [R.]

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

Mu chisarudzo chaida kuti nyika dzose dzizive roorano dzevatano dzakaitwa mudzimwe nyika. , Dare rapamusoro rakataura kuti varoorani voutere vamwe chetevo vane maruramiro okuroora muChiteshi cheChibvumirano naMutezo waDometers Classimence ye 1450. Chisarudzo cha5-4 chaida kuti nyika dzose dzizive michato mimwe cheteyo yetevedzero yakaitwa mune dzimwe nyika uye kuti dziite roorano dzakadaro. Kutonga kwakanga kuri mugumo wechinjo yokukurumidza mumurangariro wavose uye nhimberi yakarongwa neLGBTQ+ masangano ekodzero, kubatanidza nhau yeUnited States. Windstor (2011) iyo yakanga yarova muganhu yeMutengo weMutengo. [FL:]

Wainwright (1963)

Gideon v. Wainwright akatanga maruramiro okupa zano nokuda kwavakwirirwi vanopomerwa mhaka dzehurumende mumhaka dzemhosva dzeSikisi muPramende yeSikisi. Clarence Earl Gideon, murume murombo akapomerwa kuvhura kamuri redziva, akazvimirira iye amene pashure peFlorida akaramba kugovera gweta. Dare rapamusoro raibvumirana kuti nyika dzinofanira kugovera magweta nokuda kwavakwirirwi avo vasingagoni kuvaripira. Iyi chisarudzo chakatungamirira kukusikwa kwegadziriro dzehurumende dzevoruzhinji dzinodzivirira munyika yose uye chakachinja nomutoo woutsotsi. Rakadzidza zvikuru pamusoro paGidheonnion. V. Winwright on Oyez.[FF]

Zvinetso Kudare Nezvarinoita Pakuchinja Zvinhu

Kunyange zvazvo matare ari masangano ane simba okuchinja pamutemo, anotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvinokosha zvinogona kuganhurira kubudirira kwawo.

Kuzvimirira Mukutonga Kunotyisidzirwa

Vatongi vanozvimirira vanokosha nokuda kwokuita zvisarudzo zvisingasaruri, asi zvinoramba zvichityisidzirwa. Kurwisa kwezvamatongerwe enyika pavatongi, kuedza kuisa matare, uye miitiro yokuranga inova nzvimbo dzinorwisana zvinoderedza chivimbo chavanhu. Kana matare achirangarirwa savatambi vezvamatongerwe enyika panzvimbo pokuva vatsigiri vezvamatongerwe enyika, mano awo okuparira kushata kushata asi kuri madikanwa kwapamutemo anoderera. Mudzimwe nyika, kuzvitonga kunodenhwa zvakananga kupfurikidza nokubviswa kwavatongi kana kuti kuramba kuteverwa nemirairo yedare.

Kusvika Kumhinganidzo Dzeruramisiro

Kupa mhaka kunodhura. Kupinza muvhota, kubhadhara mari, kunzvera, uye kukwidza chikumbiro kunogona kudyira makumi ezviuru kana kuti mamirioni amadhora. Vanhu vazhinji vanotarisana nokuputswa kwekodzero havagoni zvavo kuunza mhaka. Nepo makambani ezviwanwa zvemhindu yavose, masangano eyamuro yapamutemo, uye mapurogiramu eprobono achibetsera kuzadza mukaha wacho, havagoni kusvitsa chinodikanwa chose. Muuyo ndewokuti mitemo mizhinji isina kururama inosaregwa kwamakore nemhaka yokuti hakuna munhu ane pfuma yokuzvipinza muparati. Iyi inhau inokosha mukuvandudza pamutemo.

Zvinofungwa Nevanhu uye Kuvimba Navo

Apo chikamu chinokosha chechiverengero chavagari vemo chinorangarira matare seanosarura, asingakwaniri, kana kuti zvisiri zvapamutemo, simba rekutonga rinoderera. Vanhu vangafuratira kana kuti kuramba mirairo yedare, sezvinoonekwa mune zvimwe zvinoitika zvokusarurwa kwechikoro kana kuti kuenzana kweroorano. Kuvaka nokuchengeta chivimbo chavose kunoda miitiro ine revo, mufambiro wetsika unoitwa navatongi, uye kurukurirano yakajeka pamusoro pebasa redare.

Kubvuma Kukurukura Dzimwe Nhau

Matare pane dzimwe nguva anozengurira kupedza nhau dzinotapura zvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti nzanga, achidudza dzidziso dzakafanana ne nomubvunzo wezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti kumira[ kudzivisa kutonga pamipimo. Uku kudzora kwedare kunogona kuva chimiro chokuzvidzora, asi kunogonawo kusiya mibvunzo inokosha yapamutemo isina kupindurwa. Mukuwedzera, matare anoganhurirwa kunhau pamberi pawo; haagoni kutsvaka nenzira inopfuurira kusaruramisira kuti aruramise. Ichi chimiro chendangariro chinoreva kuti zvinetso zvizhinji zvegadziriro hazvitongosviki mudare.

Nguva Yemberi Yekuchinja Kwepamutemo Kupfurikidza Nematare

Sezvo chaunga chinopfuurira kuchinja, miganhu mitsva nokuda kwokuchinja kwapamutemo ichabuda, uye matare achakumbirwa kuti achinjire. Miitiro inoverengeka sezvingabvira inoumba nguva yemberi yechinjo inorongwa nedare.

Ruzivo Nekodzero Dzemadhigirii

Matare ari kurwisana nenhau dzemitemo dzinobva muruzivo rwemichina: kuvanza zera rekunzvera, kuwanda kwokutaura kwakasununguka panzvimbo dzinobudisa mashoko, kushandiswa kwouchenjeri hwokuisa mutongo woutsotsi, uye zvinhu zvemichina. Macaends akafanana Karpeent v. United States (2018), iyo inoda chibvumikiso chemashoko enzvimbo yemaselfoni, inoratidza kuti matare ava kutanga sei kutsanangurazve dziviriro dzemitemo yetsika zera remichina. Kukarira kuti dare rive rakawanda sedata yeBiometric, maremic, mareki, uye rauthrago anodzora mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pekodzero.

Masangano Enzanga Nemafaro Anoparira Kutendeseka

Masangano enzanga achapfuurira kuendesa mashoko mumugwagwa. Sangano reBlack Live Matter rakanyandura denho kumiitiro yamapurisa uye kudzivirirwa kwavakakwaniriswa. Chinjo yemamiriro okunze yakaparira kukwidziridza mhaka kurwisana nehurumende namasangano nokuda kwokukundikana kuita chiito pakukuvadza mhoteredzo. Masangano aya anowanzobatanidza kunyunyuta mumugwagwa, kushora kwenhau kwenhau, uye kukwidziridza matare nemitemo zvakafanana. Kubudirira kwenhamburiko dzakadaro kunotsamira pakuda kwematare kuwedzera dzidziso uye kuziva rondedzero itsva dzemitemo.

Mutemo Wenyika Dzakawanda Nokudyidzana Kwenyika Dzepasi Pose

Matare anokumbirwa nenzira inowedzera kurangarira mitemo yamarudzi ose nemitemo yedare rokunze. Tsamba, mutemo wetsika wamarudzi ose, uye zvisarudzo zvematare amarudzi ose zvinogona kupesvedzera kududzirwa kwapamutemo kwemhuri, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzakafanana nekodzero dzavanhu uye kutengeserana. Kudyidzana kwenyika yepasi pose kunorevawo kuti kuchinja kwapamutemo munyika imwe kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakapararira kune imwe nzvimbo, sevatsigiri vanogoverana mazano anobudirira kugura miganhu. Dare reSupreme Court rakakamura muganhu wedzimwe nyika kusvikira kumwero kwaifanira kuzivisa kududzirwa kwemitemo yemitemo, asi muitiro kukurukurirano yemuchinjikwa kwapano.

Kusarudza Kutonga uye Kuronga

Kuumbwa kwematare, zvikurukuru Dare Rapamusorosoro, kuchasarudza nhungamiro yokuchinja kwapamutemo kwamakumi amakore. Mapurezidhendi namadzitateguru nenzira inowedzera vanoshandisa kuronga kwokutonga kufambisira mberi mirangariro. Muitiro wokusimbisa wazova unokakavara zvikuru, uye kurongwa kwakarefu kwevatongi vehurumende kunoreva kuti kugadzwa kumwe kunogona kuumba mutemo wechizvarwa. Kurangarira kuchaitwa nehurumende nedare kuchatapura sei chiremera chokuita kuti dare rigadziridze.

mhedziso

Matare masangano anokosha nokuda kwokudenha nokuchinja mitemo. Kupfurikidza nerivo, anicus advocacy, uye dzvinyiriro yomufungo wavose, vanhu vamwe navamwe namapoka vanogona kuunza mirau isina kururama pamberi pedare redare ndokutsvaka nyaradzo. Muitiro wacho (kubva pakuisa nyunyuto kuDare Gurusa rinotonga, rinonetsa, rinononoka, uye rinodhura, asi rabudisa chinjo dzapamutemo zvikurusa munhau. Mhosva dzevhurafiti dzakafanana ne Brown v. Board yeD yeDidzo, [FLT:]], ] reft. v[FLT]], na[FFF]

Bva dare redare harisiri donzo rakakwana reruramisiro. Denho dzakadai setyisidziro kukuzvimirira kwokutonga, mhinganidzo dzokuwana, uye kuderera kwechivimbo chavanhu dzinogona kudzongonyedza chinjo. Nguva yemberi yechinjo yapamutemo kupfurikidza nematare ichatsamira pakuti matare adzoresa sei uye kuti matare anochinjirwa sei kuruzivo rutsva rwezvinhu zvitsva, masangano enzanga, uye pesvedzero dzenyika yose. Vadzidzisi vanodzidzisa hurumende, mutemo, kana kuti hurumende, uye vadzidzi vanodzidza pamusoro pomutemo, kunzwisisa uku kubatanidzwa kwemitemo pakati pematare nedzimba dzemitemo zvinokosha zvinokosha zvinokosha. Kunotiyeuchidza kuti mutemo hausi mutevedzero wakasimba wakatemwa unodikarirwa wemitemo mitsva asi gadziriro mhenyu inoda kungwarira nguva dzose, kudzorwa kwomutemo, uye nguva nehw.