Mavambo Okuenzana Nekodzero Dzevanhu Munzanga Yazvino Uno

Ukama pakati pokuenzana nekodzero dzevanhu hunoramba huri huya hunoshamisa zvikuru uye hunopikisana. Iyi pfungwa haisati iri yakarendereka; inochinja kupfurikidza nomutemo, kududzira kwekutonga, masangano enzanga, uye kuchinja kwetsika. Kunzwisisa kutamba kwacho kunokosha kuti munhu upi noupi akazvipira kuvaka nzanga apo munhu ari wose anogona kutora rutivi zvizere, asina rusaruro uye asingawani mikana yakaenzana. Nyaya ino inonzvera midzi yenhau, zvinetso zvazvino uno, uye kariro dzomunguva yemberi dzoukama uhwu hunokosha, kuisa ngwariro pamaitirwe avadzidzi, vadzidzi, uye vagari vemo vanogona kubatanidzwa neidzirwo kuti vatsigire chinjo ine revo.

Kuenzana nekodzero dzevanhu zvakasiyana asi zvakanyatsobatana. Kuenzana kunonongedzera kumugariro wokuva akaenzana, zvikurukuru mumugariro, maruramiro, uye mabanza. Kudzivirira kwevagari vemo, kuno rumwe rutivi, idziviriro dzapamutemo dzinovimbisa kubatwa kwakaenzana ndokudzivisa rusaruro rwakavakirwa pamavara akadai sorudzi, rudzidziso, urema, kana kuti vatano. Pamwe chete, dzinoumba mavambo enzanga dzinosarudzwa navanhu nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, bva kuziva kwavo kwakazara irwisano inopfuurira.

Nhoroondo: Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvakaitika Pakurwira Kuenzana

Kutsvaka kuenzana kwemazuva ano nekodzero dzevanhu hakugoni kunzwisiswa pasina kuongorora masangano enhau akaisa hwaro.

Kuzvidzora uye Kuzvidzora

Sangano rokubvisa uranda rakanga riri denho huru yokutanga kukusaenzana. Zana ramakore rechi 19 rakava nomugumo wekutengeswa kwavaranda kunopfuura napaAtlantic uye, muUnited States, Emancipation Proclaturation (1863) uye 13th Amendment (1865). Zvinoedza kubvisa upfumi munyika yose muBritain (Mutemo weBolition Act 1833), France, uye Latin America zvakagadza nzvimbo nokuda kwerwisano dzekodzero dzevagari vemo. Zvisinei, rusununguko haruna kuunza wirirano; vaichimbova varanda navazukuru vavo vakatarisana neshatiso yemari, uye masimba masimba enyika.

Boka Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Zano rekodzero dzavagari vemo rapakati pezana ramakore rechi20 muUnited States rakava chiteshi chenyika yose. Richitungamirirwa nenhamba dzakadai saMartin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, naJohn Lewis, iri sangano rakashandisa kutsutsumwa kusina masimba masimba, denho dzapamutemo, uye kuunganidzwa kwevakawanda kuti vaparadzanise mitemo yaJim Crow. Zviitwa zveLandmark zvinobatanidza Chibvumirano cheChikodzero chekodzero dzavagari vemo cha1946, icho chakarambidza rusaruro rwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, kana kuti mavambo orudzi, uye Voting Rights Act ya1965, izvo zvakarambidza rusaruro rwedzinza mukuvhota. Masangano akavamba munyika yose, kubatanidza kurwisana nerwisanorwisana neparadziko muSouth Africa uye kurwa kwekodzero dzenyika muAustralia neCanada.

Kuenzana Kwavakadzi Nekuenzana Kwavanhu Vakasiana

Sangano ravakadzi rakawana kodzero dzokuvhota nokuda kwavakadzi munyika dzakawanda mukati mokupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19 napakuvamba kwerechi20, kutanga neNew Zealand (1893) uye kubatanidza United States (19th Amendment, 1920). Uhutu hwechikadzi hwechiNgezi hwema 1960 na 1970 hwakakudziridza zvirongwa zvokubatanidza kuva nomwero pabasa, kodzero dzokubereka, uye dziviriro dzapamutemo mukurwisana namasimba masimba omumba. Masangano aContemporary akafanana ne # MeToo anopfuurira kusunda nokuda kwechinjo yemiitiro yetsika mutsika dzevatano nedzorongedzero.

LGBTQ+ Kodzero

LGBTQ yazvino uno + sangano ramaruramiro rakawana simba pashure pezvimurenga zveStonewall zva 1969. Chiito chapashure chakatungamirira kukubviswa kwoungochani, kudzorwa kwemitemo yokusatenderwa, uye kuzivikanwa kweroorano imwe cheteyo mutsika munyika dzakawanda (g., Netherlands 2001, United States 2015 kupfurikidza "Obergefell v. Hodges). Pasinei zvapo neiyi fambiro mberi, marudzi mazhinji achiri kuita ukama hwevatano hwevatano yakashata, uye kukwirana kwavanhu vamwe navamwe anotarisana namasimba masimba anowedzera uye denho. [[FLT:] maruramiro echinjo dzenyika yose. [[FLT]

Kodzero Dzokuputsika

Sangano rekodzero dzokuremara, zvikurukuru kubvira muma1970 zvichienda mberi, rakawana dziviriro dzinokosha dzakadai seAmerican ane Urema Husingabvumirwi (ADA, 1990) iro rinorambidza rusaruro uye rinoraira pokugara zvine mufungo. United Nations Convention on the Rights of Humans and Hublet (2006) inogovera gadziriro yamarudzi ose, bva vanhu vakaremara vachiri kutarisana neganhuriro mubasa, dzidzo, uye nzvimbo dzavose.

Marudzi Okuenzana: Basa Rinogadzirwa Nevanhu Vakawanda

Kuenzana hakusi chinhu chimwe chete. Kukuronda nenzira inobudirira, kunzwisisa ukuru hwakasiana kuri madikanwa. rudzi rumwe norumwe runotaura zvinhu zvakati zvoupenyu uye runoda mitoo yakarongeka.

Kuenzana Kusingachinji

Kuenzana kwetsika kunoreva kuti mitemo inobata munhu ari wose zvakafanana(a "colorborbos" kana kuti "gener-neural" kusvika. Mukupesana, kuenzana kwechikamu chiduku kunobvuma kuti kubata kwakafanana kunogona kupfuudzira ganhuriro apo kutanga nzvimbo dzisingaenzani. Somuenzaniso, kugovera wiricheya irudzi rwekuenzana nemhaka yokuti inoparira kusvika kwakaenzana nokuda kwomunhu asingagoni kushandisa masitepisi. Kuenzana kwakawanda kwapanguva ino kunopikisa kuti zviito zvokusimbisa, zviito, pokugara, kuronga kuiswa kwemitengo yazvo, kunokosha kuti pave nokuwana kuvimbika kwechokwadi.

Kuenzana Kwenzanga

Kuenzana kwenzanga kune chokuita nokuparadzirwa kwezvinhu zvenzanga zvakadai senzvimbo, mukana, uye chiremera. Kunoda kuti hapana boka rinoshorwa kana kuti kubviswa mukutora rutivi kwakazara mumasangano enzanga akadai sedzidzo, tarisiro yezveutano, uye dzimba. Uenzana hwenzanga hunobatanidzawo kubvisa vanhu vateshi vamagariro avanhu vakavakirwa padzinza, boka, boka, kana kuti zvimwe zviratidziro. United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights [[ (Actle 1) inotaura kuti "vanhu vose vanoberekwa vakasununguka vakasununguka uye vakaenzana muchiremera nekodzero," nheyo yenheyo yetsika dzenzanga.

Kuenzana Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kuenzana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunovimbisa kuti mugari wemo mumwe nomumwe ane inzwi rakaenzana mukutonga. Ikoku kunobatanidza maruramiro okuvhota, kumhanyira nzvimbo, uye kutora rutivi muhurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika pasina tyisidziro. Kutyisidzira kuenzana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunobatanidza kudzvinyirira vavhoti, bhiridhemani, nhimbe dzemari dzinoparadzana, uye kusvika kusina kuenzana kunhau. Gadziriro dzekodzero dzekodzero dzavanhu dza1965 dzakaedza kupedza kupesana kwenhau, asi Dare guru reU. . Dare ra 2013 ramarusarusarukidzo mu County. Shel County yezvount

Kuenzana Kwemari

Kuenzana kwezvemari kunokurukura paradzano mumari, pfuma, uye mukana wemari. Inoyerwa nezviratidziro zvakafanana ne Gini chaimo, mibhadharo, uye mwero yourombo. Upfumi hwazvino uno hwakaona kusaenzana kuri kuwedzera munyika yose, na1% yakapfuma zvikurusa yepfuma yenyika mukuwirirana ne Oxfam[. Vatsigiri vemitengo yemari inoreverera mitero inofambira mberi, muripo, dzidzo yezvoutano hwepasi pose, uye kukwanisa kuwana dzidzo yakanaka sezvingashandiswa pakubatanidza kutamba.

Kuenzana Kwepamutemo

Kuenzana kwapamutemo kunoreva kuti mutemo unoshanda zvakaenzana kuvanhu vose uye kuti munhu ari wose ane kusvika kwakaenzana kururamisiro pasinei zvapo nemamiriro avo ezvinhu. Zvisinei, kuva akaenzana kwapamutemo kunowanzosekeswa nemapurisa anosarura, kururamisira kwoudzvinyiriri, uye ndyiko dzakakwirira dzapamutemo. Somuenzaniso, gadziriro yeruramisiro yeutsotsi yeU.S. inotapura zvisingaenzaniswi nenzanga dzeBlack neLatino, sezvinopupurirwa ne Project [. Kuenzana kwepamutemo nokudaro kunoda kwete bedzi mitemo isingatori rutivi asiwo kuteverwa kwakarurama nomufananidzo wapamutemo wakakwana.

Basa Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo Mukudzivirira Kuenzana

Kodzero dzevanhu dzinoshandura mutemo wokuenzana kuva dziviriro dzinoita kuti munhu asungirwe.

Kudzivirirwa Kwekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Kodzero dzevagari vemo dzinosanganisira rusununguko rwokutaura, kuungana, uye rudzidziso; kodzero kumuitiro wakafanira; kodzero yokuvhota; uye kodzero yokudzivirira zvakafanana pasi pomutemo. Kodzero idzi dzinobatanidzwa mumabumbiro emitemo erudzi, zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose, uye mirau. MuUnited States, Computement Protection Clauslee ye 1450th Requetement, nepo Civil Rights Act of 1964 neFair Hollas Act ye 1968 inogoveranomiitiro chaiyo yokuchengeta.

Kumanikidzwa uye Zvinetso

Kunyange apo mitemo inenge iripo, kuchengetwa kunowanzova kusina kukwana. Masangano eFederal akaita seFold Aumed Opportunity Commission (EEOC) anotarisana nenyunyuto dzorusaruro rwebasa, asi ganhuriro nezviwanikwa zvakaganhurirwa zvinodzivisa kubudirira. Dare rinoita basa rakakomba se Brown v. Komiti yeDzidzo [1954]) inogumisa kutsigira kwapamutemo, asi kupesana nekoshatsano inopfuurira. Masangano ekodzero dzevagari vemo avanhu, akadai se .[FLT]

Kuwiriraniswa: Kunzwisisa Kupfuura Kurova Maoko

Pfungwa yokupesana kwemijaho, yakatangwa nenyanzvi yezvemitemo Kimberle Crenshaw, inotsanangura kuti kusaenzana kwakasiyana - siyana kwemarudzi kungaita sei kunobatsira vamwe asi zvichingobatsira vamwe.

Nhau Dzazvino Uno Mukuenzana Nekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Pasinei nokufambira mberi kunokosha, nharaunda dzakawanda hadzina kukwikwidzwa uye hadzina kugadziriswa.

Rusaruraganda uye Kusaenzana Kwegadziriro

Mavambo edzinza anopfuurira mugadziriro huru iri yose: dzidzo, dzimba, basa, tarisiro yezvoutano, uye ruramisiro youtsotsi. Black Live Matter sangano reBlack Live Matter, iro rakawana ngwariro yenyika yose pashure pokupondwa kwaGeorge Floyd muna 2020, rakasimbisa kudikanwa kwokukurumidzira kwokuchinja kwamapurisa uye mugumo werusaruraganda. Kubatana muzvikoro nenharaunda kunoramba kwakakwirira, uye mikaha pakati pemhuri dzechichena nemhuri dzemavara. Kutaura nezvaikoku kunoda chinjo dzepamutemo bedzi asiwo kuiswa mumitengo yetsika munzanga dzakasimudzirwa.

Kuwana Musiyano Nokusarura Vane Vakadzi Kubasa

Nheyo dzepasi pose dzinoratidza kuti vakadzi vanobhadharwa paavhareji 20% pavarume, vane mikaha mirefu mirefu nokuda kwavakadzi vane ruvara. Economic World Forum's Global Gender Cappote Report[ nzira dzinofambira mberi, asi pamwero yazvino uno ichatora makore anopfuura 130 kuvhara mukaha. Kunetsa muvatano, kusarura mimba, uye kushaikwa kwemagweta emhuri kunobhadharwa inhau dzinopfuurira. Masangano emisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi anosundira kubhadharwa nokuda kwokuvara nokudzika mitemo inorwisana nemitemo yemitemo yemitemo yemitemo.

LGBTQ+ Kodzero Munhambo Yokupesana

Nepo kuenzana kweroorano kwakawanwa munzvimbo dzakawanda, LGBTQ+ nzanga, zvikurukuru vanhu vanopa transgender, vanotarisana nemhesano itsva dzemitemo. Kusvikira muna 2024, maruwa 20 eU.S. akapfuudza mitemo inoganhurira kusvika kwavechiduku kuutano, kutora rutivi rwemitambo, uye zvimbudzi. Iyi mitemo inowanzoruramiswa se "kudzivirira vana" asi inoshurikidzwa zvikuru namasangano ekodzero dzavanhu. Munyika yose, mugariro wacho unotoodza mwoyo: nyika 67 dzinoita ukama hwechitsotsiro, nechirango chorufu mukuwirirana [[FLT:]

Kusaenzana Kwezvemari Nokuderera Kweboka Rapakati

Mukaha pakati pavapfumi navarombo wasvika pamwero yakakomba. MUVENGI weCHOVAD-19 wakawedzera uku kukamukana, sezvo vapfumi vakaona upfumi hwavo huchikwira apo mamiriyoni akarasikirwa namabasa uye akatarisana nokusachengeteka kwedzimba. Kusaenzana kwezvemari kunoderedza utongi hwehurumende yeruzhinji, uye kunoderedza nzanga. Chirevo chakadai semari inotambira pasi pese, dzimba dzinotengwa, uye mitero inofambira mberi zvinokurukurwa semishonga inobvira.

Kuchinja Kwezvigadzirwa Zvemazuva Ano Pakodzero Dzevanhu Nedzevanhu

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu ibakatwa rakakurirwa nemativi maviri. Kune rumwe rutivi, rine kuwanikwa kwedemocracy kumashoko, rinogonesa midzi inoronga kupfurikidza nezvinobudisa nhau, uye rinogovera zvikuva nokuda kwamanzwi akaderedzwa. Hashtags se # BlackLives Matter[ uye # Meto yakaunganidza mamiriyoni. Kune rumwe rutivi, ruzivo rwemiteshineti runogona kukudza kusafanana.

Maatomu uye Kuwedzera

Maatomu anoshandiswa mukuroja, kukweretesa, mapurisa, uye kutongera utsotsi zvakaratidzwa kuva zvinofanana uye kunyange kuwedzera rusaruro rwedzinza nerwechikadzi. Somuenzaniso, ruzivo rwokuziva chiso haruna kururama kuvanhu vane ruvara, kuchitungamirira kuzvizivikanwo zvenhema. Purogiramu yeProjective repredificial inonangidzira nharaunda duku. Kushaikwa kwekuzvidavirira kwakasimba kwemitemo yenhau [ kunoreva izvi zvikuvadziko kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kusingadziviswi.

Kuparadzana Kwemadhigirii

Kuwana Internet ine magetsi nemagetsi hazvisi munyika yose. MuUnited States, mhuri dzinofungidzirwa kuva mamiriyoni 24 hadzina kushaikwa bhizinesi, dzinotapura nenzira isingaenzaniswi maruwa, mari shoma, uye nzanga dzinogara munyika. Kukamuranisa magiramu kunokanganisa mikana yedzidzo, kukwanisa kuwana basa, uye kutora rutivi mubatanidzwa wehurumende. Kusiya mukaha uyu kunoda mari yakawanda uye mitemo yebasa inodhura mari.

Dzidzo Senzira Yokuwana Kuenzana uye Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Dzidzo ichiri chimwe chezvinhu zvine simba zvikuru zvinotsigira kuenzana uye kudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu.

Dzidziso Dzisingabatanidzwi Nechipo Chinonetsa

Chidzidzo chinobatanidza nhoroondo nemipiro zvemapoka akaderera, zvinodzidzisa pamusoro pokusarurwa kwegadziriro, uye zvinokurudzira kufunga kwokutsoropodza pamusoro pegadziriro dzesimba. Somuenzaniso, kudzidzisa sangano rekodzero dzevanhu kwete sechitsauko chapera asi sokutamburira kunopfuurira kunogona kupa vadzidzi simba rokutsigira.

Kuva Nemamiriro Okunze Echikoro Chete

Zvikoro zvinofanira kuva nzvimbo dzakachengeteka umo vadzidzi vose vanogona kudzidza vakasununguka pakudheerera, kunetsa, uye rusaruro. Ikoku kunoda kurovedzwa kunorwisana nebhii nokuda kwavashandi, miitiro yokushuma yakajeka, uye tsigiro nokuda kwamapoka avadzidzi anosiana. Nzvero inoratidza kuti mhoteredzo dzinobatanidza dzinovandudza miuyo yedzidzo uye dzinoderedza mwero yokurega nokuda kwavadzidzi vose.

Kupinda Mubasa Nokudzidza

Zvirongwa zvinobatanidza vadzidzi nezvirongwa zvomunzvimbomo, zvakadai sokunyoresa kwevondi kana kuti kuronga zvirongwa zvenzanga, zvinovaka unyanzvi hwokuita basa rehurumende kwoupenyu hwose.

Maonero Anoita Nyika Yose: Kuenzanisa Kukodzera Kwavanhu

Nyika dzakasiyana- siyana dzakakudziridza mienzaniso yakasiyana yokudzivirira kuenzana nekodzero dzevanhu. MuEurope, European Convention on Human Rights inopa gadziriro yokudzikamisa yenyika yose kupfurikidza neEuropean Court of Human Rights. Charter of Rights neFreedoms yeCanada (19982) inobvumirana pachena kuti ikodzero dzokuenzana uye yave ichishandiswa kufambisira mberi LGBTQ nekodzero dzemo. Chibvumirano chePrefu yeSouth Africa chinorumbidzwa zvikuru nokuda kwekodzero dzayo huru, kubatanidza kodzero dzenzanga dzezvemari sedzimba nezvoutano. Zvisinei, kugadzira miganhuro inopfuurira mugadziriro dzinofambira mberi zvikurusa. Kudzidza kubva kubudiriro dzeimwe neimwe nezvikanganiso zvinogona kuzivisa budiriro zvikuru.

Matambudziko Nokudzorera Kufambiro Mberi Yekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Fambiro mberi kuenzana namaruramiro avagari vemo haiwanzova dzenhando. Fambiro mberi imwe neimwe inokosha yakanyandura kurwisana. Makumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya akaona kumuka kwechikwata chepfumbidzo chakakurumbira, denho pamasangano edemokratiki, uye nhamburiko dzokudzorerazve dziviriro dzakaoma. Mitemo yokudzivisa kubereka, ganhuriro parondedzero yedzinza inodenha, uye kurwisana neLGBTQ pamutemo rutivi rwekupesana kwakabatana. Masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo anotaura kuti izvi hazvisati zvichingova zvogariranomirira nhamburiko yamaune yokudzivirira kusaenzana. Vigance uye kusimudzira zvinopfuurira zviri madikanwa kuchengetedza nokufambisira mberi.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi: Kuvaka Chitangano Chinoenzanirana Zvikuru

Nzira yokufambira mberi inoda mubatanidzwa wechinjo yapamutemo, chinjo yetsika, midzi youswa inoronga, uye kuzvidavirira kwesangano. Nharaunda huru dzengwariro dzinobatanidza:

  • Kusimbisa Kodzero: Kudzorera nokuwedzera kusvika kubhoti, kubatanidza kunyoresa kwomuvhoti, kuvhota pafoni, uye kuchinja.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ruramisiro yezvemari: Tsika dzinoderedza kusaenzana kwepfuma, zvakadai somutero wepfuma, mari yakawedzerwa, tarisiro yezvoutano yapose pose, uye rusununguko rwavadzidzi.
  • Police and Criminal Justice Reform:[[FLT: 1] Kugumisa kudzivirirwa kwavakakwaniriswa, kubvisa mapurisa anodzivisa hondo, kuisa mari mukotsekano yavose inotsigirwa nenzanga, uye kubvisa mhaka dzisina masimba masimba.
  • Kuzvidavirira kwemapikicha: Kunzvera kwapamutemo, kurambidza mapurisa anofanoziva chiso, uye kuvimbisa kuti nyika yose inowanikwa.
  • Gadziriro yeProjectal Programme: Inosimbisa kuti miitiro yose inorangarira ukuru hwakasiana - siana hwezivikanwo nenhamo kupfurikidza nezvinonzvera.

Masangano anoramba achikosha kuSunrise Movement [[FLT: 0] kuSun , anopfuurira kuunganidza nzanga nechinjo. Dzidzo,wo ichaita basa rehwaro: kupfurikidza nokudzidzisa nhau nenzira yokutendeseka, kusimudzira tsitsi, uye kushongedzera vadzidzi nounyanzvi hwokutsigira ruramisiro, tinosima mbeu nokuda kwokuchinja kwenguva refu.

mhedziso

Kubatanidzwa kwekuenzana nekodzero dzevanhu hakusi kupesana kusinganzwisisiki; chinhu chaichoicho chinotapura rutivi rwuri rwose rwenzanga. Kuvambira mukirasi kusvikira kuimba yedare, kubvira kubasa kusvikira kunzvimbo yokuvhotera, nheyo dzeruramisiro nedzisiri dzekusasarura dzinoumba upenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Nepo nzira yokuenzana zvakakwana kazhinji kazhinji inodzika uye inokakavadzana, rutivi rwenhau nerwusingavimbiswi kururamisirwa kupfurikidza nenhamburiko dzinopfuurira, mufungo unotsoropodza, uye chiito chimwe. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa nguva yemberi yazvino, uye kurangarira nguva yemberi isingachinjiki, tinogona kukudza rwisano idzo dzakatiunza pano ndokuendesa mberi basa rokuvaka nzanga umo munhu ari wose anenge akatsunga kupfurikidza nokurangarira.