Fandesheni yeBumbiro reMitemo Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Kodzero dzavagari vemo muUnited States dzakadzikwa muBumbiro reMitemo negadziridzo dzaro, idzo dzinotanga gadziriro yenzira iyo hurumende dzinodzivirira nayo rusununguko rwomunhu mumwe nomumwe apo dzinochengeta chengeteko yavose. Bill of Rights, yasimbiswa muna 1791, yakavanzarika hwaro hwedziviriro huru kubatanidza rusununguko rwokutaura, rudzidziso, gungano, uye maruramiro egadziriro kugadziriro yakafanira. Pashure peHondo yevagari vemo, Reconstruption Confluments ̬ 13th, 14th, uye 15 ̬aboli yakavimbisa dziviriro yakaenzana mumutemo, uye kusarura dzinza. Iyi miraudzo yemitemo inoumba muganhu pakodzero dzose dzavagari vemo yakatevera.

Hurumende pamwero yehurumende, yehurumende, uye yomunzvimbomo dzinowana chiremera chadzo chokudzivirira maruramiro adzo avagari vemo mumanyuko aya ebumbiro remitemo. Mutedzero we 14th Amendment ̱ Mutevedzeri Wekudzivirira Claus ave uchipesvedzera zvikuru, achibatira sohwaro hwapamutemo hwezvisarudzo zvenhau zveDare Gurusabvuta izvo zvakaparadza muganhu, achivimbisa kuva akaenzana muroorano, uye achidzivirira maruramiro avanhu vamwe navamwe kuti varadzike zvakaenzana mudzimba dzavose. Kunzwisisa iyi nheyo yebumbiro remitemo kunokosha mukunzwisisa kuti dziviriro kwazvino uno kwekodzero dzavagari vemo inoshanda sei.

Asi vagadziri vebumbiro remitemo vainzwisisa kuti kodzero hadzisi dzokuzviparadza. Vanoda kuti masangano ehurumende ashande. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nechinhu chakakura chepamutemo uye chehurumende chakatsaurirwa kushandura mitemo isingaoneki kuti ive zvinodzivirira mugari wemo wose.

Mabasa Apamutemo Anodzivirira Kusunungurwa Kwevagari Vemo

Mutemo wekodzero dzevagari vemo unokosha zvikurusa wezana ramakore rechi20 wakauya mukati mema1960, nhambo yechinjo huru yenzanga nomubato wemitemo. Chibvumirano cheChibvumirano chekodzero dzavanhu cha1942 chinomira somutemo wehurumende wakakwana unorambidza rusaruro rwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano, kana kuti mavambo enyika. Uyu mutemo unorambidza kuganhurirwa kwehurumende munzvimbo dzavose, miitiro yokupa mhosva yehurumende mumabasa, uye wakavamba gadziriro yepamutemo yezvikoro zvinobvisa rusaruro nedzimba dzavose. Voting Rights Act ya19656 yaidzosa, zvikurukuru miitiro yokuvhotera yaidzosa ruzhinji iyo yakanga yabvisa mamirioni eAmerica, zvikurukuru munyika dzokuMadokero.

Fair Howard Act ya1968 yakatambanudza dziviriro kumusika wedzimba, ichikuita kuve kusingabvumirwi kutsaura mumitemo yeshavo, rendi, kana kuti mari yedzimba dzakavakirwa parudzi, rudzidziso, mavambo orudzi, vatano, nzvimbo yevatano, kana kuti urema. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, Matthew Shepard naJames Byrd Jr. Venting Cringes Prevention Act yeGretact yeGeneral yoruvengo rwenyika, kugovera mitengo yokuwedzera nokuda kwokunzvera nokuongorora mhaka dzamasimba masimba dzinosundwa norwutsigiriro. VaAmerica vane urema hweAD (AA) muna 1990 vanomirira imwe fambiro mberi, inorambidza rusaruro navanhu vane urema mumibato, mabasa avose, zvokufambisa, tetrammeternation, uye nzvimbo dzavose dzokugara.

Mitemo iyi inoita zvinopfuura kugadza mipimo yapamutemo.Inoita mitoo yokushuma kuputswa, kutsvaka mishonga, uye kuzvidavirira kuvapunzi. mugari upi noupi anodavira kuti kodzero dzake dzevagari vemo dzakapunzwa anogona kuisa nyunyuto kumasangano ehurumende anotarisira kuti zvinhu zvirambe zviripo, kutanga kukwidza mhosva dzapachivande, kana kuti kutsvaka betsero kumasangano ekodzero dzevagari vemo.

Kumanikidza Nebasa Rako

Chivil Rights Division of the Department of Justice (DOJ)] inoshanda sesangano guru rehurumende rine mutoro wokusimbisa mitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo. Negweta navashandi vanopfuura 600, boka rinonzvera kupomera kwetsika mudzidzo, basa, pokugara, kudzika mutemo, nedzimwe nzvimbo. Rinoita kuongorora kana kuti kuongorora mumadhipatimendi ezvikoro, maruwa ezvikoro, uye zvivako zvokururamisa apo kune ufakazi hwokuputsa mutemo. Boka rinopindirawo mumhoshoro dzehurumende yapachivande iyo inomutsa mibvunzo inokosha, kuvimbisa kuti hurumende yehurumende yehurumende i&817; mirangariro pamusoro pekodzero dzavagari vemo inomiririrwa mudare.

COMENTIS [EOC] yeITP] inoisa mitemo yehurumende inorambidza rusaruro rwebasa. Mugore ripi neripi rakapiwa, EOC inogamuchira makumi ezviuru zvepomero dzorusaruro, inonzvera, inoyamura kutaura, uye inoisa matare apo kuri madikanwa. Komishoni inopawo nhungamiro inobetsera vashandirwi kunzwisisa misengwa yavo navashandi kunzwisisa maruramiro avo. Nokuda kwenzvimbo, Department of Hollam and Urban Development (HUD) inoshandisa gadziriro yakafanana yokuita kuti zvinhu zviitwe pasi peChiito cheFairball.

Hurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo zvinowedzera idzi nhamburiko dzehurumende namasangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo azvo amene. Masangano akawanda ane basa rakarurama anoshandisa mabasa anonzvera rusarurano muzvose zviri zviviri mutemo wehurumende nehurumende. Iri gadziriro yakarongwa yakarongwa neyakawanda inoreva kuti vagari vemo vane mikana mizhinji yokutsvaka kugadziriswa apo kodzero dzavo dzinotyorwa. Kuvapo kwehurumende dzinowirirana kunoparirawo makwikwi ane utano pakati pamasangano, sezvo mumwe nomumwe anoedza kuva anobudirira mukudzivirira maruramiro avagari vemo.

Kumanikidzwa Kuita Mutemo Nokuchinjwa

Mapurisa nesangano rechengeteko zvine mutoro mukuru wokuchengeta chengeteko yavose nepo zvichiremekedza kodzero dzevanhu. Kusawirirana pakati pemisengwa miviri iyi kwakaparira kukura kwemiitiro, kurovedzwa, uye gadziriro dzokutarisira dzakagadzirirwa kudzivisa kubatwa zvisina kufanira uye kuva nechokwadi chokubatwa zvakanaka. Masangano anoona nezvokuchengetedzwa kwemitemo azvino uno akaita chinjo huru idzo dzinoshandiswa mukuita kuti simba rishandiswe, nhevedzano yedzinza, ukama hwenzanga, uye kuzvidavirira kwevakuru vakuru vehurumende.

Kushandiswa kweDhipatimendi kwezvokumanikidza kwakachinja zvikuru mukupindura kukuru kunzverwa, kunyorwa kwechibvumirano, uye kudzorwa kwenzanga. Madhipatimendi mazhinji amapurisa zvino anoda unyanzvi hwokuderedza, anoganhurira kana kuti kubvisa zvirambidzo, kuraira apo vakuru vakuru vakuru vanocherekedza simba rakawandisa nevokushandira pamwe, uye vanoda kushuma kwakakwana pashure pokushandiswa kuri kwose kwechiito chesimba. Iyi miraudzo inomanikidzirwa kupfurikidza nenhau dzomukati, mabhodhi ehwirudzura ehurumende, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko, kubvumira mirayiro inoiswa neBato reSahlulero, zvichitevera kunzvera kwetsika kwetsika.

Makamera anomirira chimwe chezvinjo hurusa dzoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu mumapurisa mumakore gumi apfuura. Apo vakuru vakuru vanopfeka makamera, ufakazi hwevhidhiyo hunovapo hunogovera rugwaro rwenhau rwezviwirirano zvemapurisa nechinoshandira. Iyi chinyorwa chinobetsera kupedza nhevedzo dzavagari vemo, chinogovera ufakazi mukukwirira utsotsi, uye chinoita kuti kuzvidavirira. Nzvero dzakaratidza kuti makamera omutumbi anoderedza zvichemo mukurwisana namapurisa uye anoderedza bviro yokuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vachashandisa simba. Madhiredhi anodika makamera kuti ashaitwe mukati mekukurukurirana ose uye ane miitiro yakajeka inodzora apo kurekosha kugona kudzokororwa uye kuti anofanira kuchengetwa kwenguva yakareba sei.

Kuunganidzwa kwemashoko uye kuonekwa kwazova chinhu chikuru kunhamburiko dzamapurisa dzokuzvidavirira. FBI inochengeta shopu yenyika yezvokushandiswa kwemapepa okunyorera zvinhu, uye nyika dzakawanda dzakagadza mitemo inoda kuti masangano anotarisira mutemo apedzisidze zvinoitika zvinobatanidza kupfura kwevakuru vakuru uye zvimwe zviitiko zvinonetsa. Iyi mashoko anobatsira vatsvakurudzi, vagadziri vemitemo, uye vanhu kuziva kuti kugadziridza, uye kuti masangano azvinoita azvidavirire. Kufambira kumirayiridzo yakazaruka mumahofisi amapurisa kwakachinja zvakanga zvave zvave zvakanyanya kukosha kuita chisarudzo chomukati chakajeka uye kuzvidavirira pachena.

Ruramisiro Yamagamuchidzanwa Nouzivi

Murangariro weruramisiro yetsika wakawana nhevedzano segadziriro yokuvandudza batano dzamapurisa. Iyi nzira inosimbisa nheyo ina huru: inzwi (rinopa vagari vemo banza rokuudza rutivi rwavo rwenhau), kusatora rutivi (kuratidzira kuti zvisarudzo zvinoitwa nenzira yakarurama uye inojeka), ruremekedzo (kubata vanhu nechiremera), uye kuvimbika (kuratidzira itiro hanya yechokwadi nokuda kwavagari vemo ̱ kuva akanaka zvikuru). Nzvero inoratidzira kuti apo vagari vemo vanorangarira mapurisa sevanoshanda zvakanaka, vane bviro huru yokuwirirana nemirairo yapamutemo, vanobatira pamwe nokunzvera, uye vanorangarira mutemo sezvakafanira.

Zvikoro zvakawanda zvamapurisa zvakabatanidza rovedzo yeruramisiro yetsika muchikoro chazvo, kudzidzisa nzira yokukurukura nayo nenzira inobudirira zvikuru, kubata nezvinoitika zvavagari vemo vakagumbuka kana kuti vasinganzwi, uye kutsanangura zviito zvavo munzira dzinoratidzira ruremekedzo nokuda kwavanhu vamwe navamwe ’ kodzero. vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanorovedzwa kunopfuurira kusimbisa aya unyanzvi uye kuvandudza zivo yavo yezvinoitika zvepamutemo zvinotapura kunzvera nokubatwa nechisimba, Miranda nyevero, uye zvimwe zvinodikanwa zvemitemo.

Kutarisirwa kwemitemo yenzanga kwakawedzera zvikuru. Madare ezvekuongorora ehurumende, vaongorori vakuru, uye vatarisiri vemapurisa vanopa kuongorora kwokuzvimirira kwemufambiro wemapurisa nomutemo. Masangano aya anoongorora zvichemo zvevagari vemo, anoongorora mitemo yehurumende, anopa mishumo yehurumende, uye anoita zvinorumbidzwa kuti zvinhu zvigadziriswe. Kana mitumbi ichishanda zvinobudirira, inovaka chivimbo chavose mumitemo uye inovimbisa kuti mapurisa achengetedze mipimo yakakwirira iyo nzanga inokarira.

Kugamuchira Kodzero Nokuperera

Kupa mipimo ndiyo maruramiro enheyo apo dzimwe maruramiro ose avagari vemo anotsamira. Apo vagari vemo vanogona kutora rutivi nenzira ine revo musarudzo, vane simba rokuita kuti hurumende izvidavirire, kuumba muitiro wavanhu, uye kudzivirira fariro dzavo. Hurumende pamwero yose dzakashandisa gadziriro kuva nechokwadi chokuti vagari vemo vakakodzera vanogona kunyoresa kuvhota, kukanda mavhoti, uye kuita kuti vhoti dzavo vaverengerwe zvakarurama.

Voing Rights Act ya1965 inorangarirwa zvikuru semutemo wekodzero dzevanhu unobudirira zvikurusa wati wamboitwa. Yakabvisa kunzverwa kwokunyora nokunyora, mitero, nemimwe miitiro yokuvhota yakanga yabvisa nenzira yakarongwa vagari vemuAfrica nemapoka mashoma kubva muvhoti. Chikamu 5 chechiito chacho chaida miganhu yaidiwa nenhau yorusaruro kuti awane mvumo yehurumende vasati vachinja mitemo yokuvhota kana kuti miitiro. Chinodikanwa ichi chakarongwa chakanga chiri chishandiso chine simba mukudzivisa kuchinja kwedhisikito vasati vagona kushanda. Zvisinei, Supreme Court ̱ chisarudzo cha 2013 muShelby County v. Haker yakabvisa mutemo wakashandiswa kusarudza kuti zvisarungwe zvakafukidzwa ne5.

Mumhinduro kuchisarudzo cheShelby County, hurumende yehurumende nehurumende dzakawanda zvakatora nhano dzokuchengeta kuvhota. Matare eFederal akaputsa mitemo yokuvhota yakawanda yehurumende yakasarura vavhoti vashoma pahwaro hwedzinza. Dzimwe nyika dzakagadza kunyoresa kwokuzvidira kwomuvhoti, dzakawedzera nhambo dzokuvhota kwapakuvamba, uye dzakaita kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero kuti kuvhotera kuve kunowanika zvikuru. Help America Vote Act ya2002 yakagovera mari yehurumende kutsigira michina yokuvhota, kuvandudza kurovedzwa kwomushandi wokuvhota, uye kutanga matura okunyoresa vavhotera enyika yose.

Zvinetso Zvazvino Uno Kukuwana

Pasinei zvapo neiyi dziviriro, maruramiro okuvhota anoramba achipondwa. Mitemo yokuvhota yapanhambo nenhambo, kuderedzwa muvhota kwapakuvamba, kunyoreswa kwenzvimbo, uye ganhuriro pakuvhota kwapasipo zvakatapura zvikuru vavhoti vashomanene, vakwegura, uye vanhu vane urema. Matare akarerutsa mipimo yokuvhota inoganhurira inoganhurira munyika dzinoverengeka, achiwana kuti vakaisa mitoro isina kufanira pamaruramiro okuvhota pasina kubatira fariro dzehurumende dzapamutemo. [[FLT: 0] Brenan Center for Justice[ yakasimbisa tapurofiti yeiyi ganhuriro uye kutsigira mirairo yadzo dzinoverengeka idzodzi dzinozoita kuvhotera kusvikirika zvikuru.

Voting Rights Act inopfuurira kugovera dziviriro dzinokosha. Chikamu 2 chinorambidza miitiro yokuvhota yakavakirwa padzinza, uye yakashandiswa nenzira inobudirira kudenha gadziriro dzokuisa utongi, zvinodikanwa zvokuvhota, uye mimwe mipimo inoganhurira. Chikamu 203 chinoda zviremera nezviverengero zvavagari vemo vanotaura mimwe mitauro kupfuura chiNgezi kugovera zvinhu zvokuvhota, kuvimbisa kuti vagari vemo vane ruzivo rushoma rwechiNgezi vanogona kutora rutivi muzvisarudzo. Native American Voting Rights Act ye 2021 mimwe dziviriro yasimbiswa nokuda kweNative American Reconvent kupfurikidza nokuraira nzvimbo dzokuvhotera dzinosvika panzvimbo dzokukambira nokubvumira ndudzi kugovera zvisarudzo zvemitauro zvemitauro mizhinji kuti zvisarudzo dzinobviswa munzvimbo.

Nhamburiko dzomutemo dzokudzorera nokusimbisa chibvumirano cheVoting Rights Act dzinopfuurira. John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act, inotumidzwa nokuda kwechishongo chekodzero dzavanhu uye mutevedzeri wedare renguva refu, yaizovandudza nzira yokusarudza kuti idzoidzoidzoidzo kupfurikidza nokudzorera dziviriro idzo Shelby County yaidzorwa. Kudzivirira kodzero dzokuvhotera kunoda kungwarira kunopfuurira, sezvo ganhuriro itsva nedenho zvinobuda mumutevedzero wechisarudzo chiri chose. Vagaricates, masangano echigavhu, uye vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanofanira kushanda pamwe chete kuvimbisa kuti mutete kuti mugari ari wose anokwane America anogona kushandisa iri maruramiro makurusa.

Kubatana Kwedzimba Nezvemari

Fair Honging Act ya1968 inomirira dziviriro hurusa yehurumende pakusarura dzimba. Chiito chinorambidza rusaruro mukutengeswa, kurenda, kana kuti kubhadharwa kwedzimba kwakavakirwa parudzi, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano, mavambo orudzi, nzvimbo yedzinza, kana kuti urema. Hurumende nemitemo yomunzvimbomo zvinowanzowedzera idzi dziviriro kuti dzikudze mamwe marudzi akadai sechimiro chevatano, kuzivikanwa kwavanhukadzi, manyuko emari, uye mugariro wezve. Hurumende dzinogombedzera idzi ganhuriro kupfurikidza nokunzvera, kuwirirana, uye kudzivirira.

Nzvero dzemipimo yakaitwa neBato reRuramisiro dzakananga varimi vakawanda, makambani okutarisira zvinhu, mafemu ezvivako, uye masangano ezvemari akapinda mukusarura zvinhu nenzira inorongwa. Uku kunzvera kwakafukunura miitiro yakadai sedhiraivhi yedzinza, umo vamiriri vezvenzvimbo dzinodzokera nzvimbo dzinodzorwa kumisha yakavakirwa padzinza ravo, uye kudzokororwa, uko vakweretesi vanoramba kuvamba chikwereti munharaunda dzine vanhu vashomanene zvikuru. Zviito zvokumanikidza zvakaguma neyamuro yemari yazvo nokuda kwevanyajambwa, mukutsvaka purogiramu yeyamuro inoda chinjo dzemiitiro, uye maro akarongwa edare kuti vasimbise kuteererwa.

Fair Howation Act inodawo kuti hurumende dzigamuchire mari yedzimba dzehurumende kuti dzibvume dzimwe dzimba dzakarurama.Musengwa uyu unoreva kuti nzanga dzinofanira kuongorora nzira dzokuparadzana, kuzivisa mhinganidzo dzokusarudza dzimba dzakarurama, uye kutanga gadziriro dzokukurira mhinganidzo idzodzo. Murau wacho wakatoshandiswa kupfurikidza negadziriro dzokutarisira uye kutaurirana, nzanga dzinomanikidza kuita nhano dzine revo dzokubatanidza uye kuenzana nemukana wokuwana pokugara.

Gadziriro dzekunzvera dzimba, dzakadai seChikamu 8, dzinobetsera mhuri dzinowana mari shoma dzinowana pokugara mumisika yapachivande. Zvirongwa izvi zvinogovera mari yokurenda inovhara mupata pakati pezvingatengwa nerendi yedzimba. Zvisinei, kushanda kwepurogiramu dzekuongorora kunotsamira pakuvapo kwedzimba dzinotengwa navaridzi vanogamuchira vatengi. Nzanga zhinji dzakaita kuti dziviriro dzinodzivisa vagari vemo kuramba kubhadhara mabhangi, kukudza chisarudzo chedzimba nokuda kwemhuri dzinowana mari shoma.

Mukana Wemari Nekudzivirirwa Pabasa

Kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevagari vemo pabasa kunosimbiswa zvikurukuru pasi poMurayiro weTitle VII weChibvumirano chekodzero dzevagari vemo wa1946, unorambidza rusaruro rwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano, uye mavambo enyika. EEOC inodudzira Tittle VII kuti idzivirire pakunetswa, kutsiva, uye kubatwa zvisina kufanira, uye yakatanga nhungamiro yokuti vashandirwi vanofanira sei kugona sei kuita miitiro yorudzidziso, kudzivisa kunetswa, uye kuva nechokwadi chemari yakaenzana. Mukuru mukuru weMitemo 11246, inoshanda kuvagadziri vehurumende, inoda chiito chinobvumwara kuti vave nomukana wakaenzana wokuwana basa.

Kusarura mabasa kwakakura kusvika pakugadzirisa nyaya dzepabasa dzemazuva ano.Bhuku rinonzi Pregnancy Discrimination Act rakajekesa kuti rusaruro runobva pakubata pamuviri, kusununguka, kana kuti mamiriro okurwara anoenderana narwo runoumba rusaruro rusiri rwepamutemo. VaAmerica vane urema hwevashandi vanoda kuti vashandirwi vape pokugara kwakakodzera vashandi vakaremara. The Lilly Bereater Fair Pay Act ye2009 yakawedzera nguva yokubhadhara kusarura, vachiziva kuti kubhadhara mari inopesana kazhinji kazhinji kunoungana nenguva uye ingasakurumidza kuoneka.

Kupfuura dziviriro dzinodzivisa kusawirirana, hurumende dzinoshandisa gadziriro dzokubudirira kwevashandi dzinoita mikana yemari kuvagari vemo vanotambura. Rovedzo yebasa, mari yokubetsera vanhu kuwana dzidzo, uye zvirongwa zvokurovha zvinobetsera vanhu kukurira zvipingamupinyi zvebasa uye kubudirira kwemari. Kubudirira kwepurogiramu idzi kunotsamira pakutsigira mari inoramba iripo, kushanda pamwe kwemasangano ehurumende nevashandirwi voga, uye kuramba vachiongorora kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti vanhu vapari vebasa vava neunyanzvi hunodiwa nevashandirwi.

Dzidzo Nebanza Rakaenzana

Supreme Court ’ muna 1954 chisarudzo muBrown v. Board of Education chakazivisa kuti kutsauraniswa kwedzinza muzvikoro zvavose kwakanga kusiri kwoupiona, kuchiputsa dzidziso yakaparadzana asi yakaenzana iyo yakanga yadzora dzidzo yeAmerica kweinopfuura hafu yezana ramakore. Ichi chisarudzo chakapa mukana wekodzero dzavanhu dzazvino uno ndokutanga nheyo yokuti mukana wakaenzana wedzidzo ikodzero huru. Mumakumi amakore chifo chaBrown, hurumende dzakaita mitemo negadziriro kuva nechokwadi chokuti vana vose, pasinei zvapo nedzinza, mari, mari, kana kuti hurema, vane kusvika kudzidzo yakanaka.

Mutengo weChiv. VI weChibvumirano cheRevonic Rights ya1944 unorambidza rusaruro kupfurikidza namasangano anogamuchira betsero yemari yehurumende, kubatanidza zvikoro zvehurumende. Iyi gadziriro yakashandiswa kumanikidzira kubviswa kworusarurano, kukurukura dzinza muchirango chechikoro, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti vadzidzi veEngland vagamuchire mabasa omutauro wakakodzera. Department of Education ̱ Hofisi yePoligin Rights inonzvera nzvero, uye nhau dzokubetsera zvikoro kusvitsa misengwano yavo pasi pomutemo wehurumende.

Musoro weIX weEducation Amendments ye 1972 unorambidza rusaruro rwevatano mumapurogiramu edzidzo nemibato.Musoro IX wave uchibetsera mukuwedzera mikana yemitambo nokuda kwavasikana navakadzi, kukurukura pamusoro penetswa mune zvevatano namasimba masimba evatano pazvivako, uye kudzivirira maruramiro avadzidzi vane mimba navabereki. Chinjo dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi dzakajekesa kuti zvikoro zvinofanira kuita sei kumishumo yomufambiro usingafadzi wevatano, zvichivimbisa kuti vapukunyuki vanodzivirirwa apo vanenge vachichengeta muitiro wakafanira nokuda kwavadzidzi vanopomerwa mhaka.

Vane Dicculture Education Act (IDEA) vanovimbisa dzidzo yapachena yapachena yakafanira kuvana vane urema. Mutemo unoda kuti zvikoro zvitange gadziriro dzedzidzo dzakagadzirirwa munhu mumwe nomumwe (IEP) dzakarondedzerwa kumwana mumwe nomumwe ̱ zvinodikanwa zvakasiana, zvinogovera betsero dzinowirirana dzakadai sokurapa kutaura uye kurapa kwokushanda, uye kubatanidza vadzidzi vane urema mumakirasi edzidzo kusvikira kumwero mukurusa wakakodzera. IEA yave ichishandiswa kuvimbisa kuti vadzidzi vane urema vagamuchire tsigiro inodikanwa kuti vabudirire mudzidzo uye munzanga.

Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo Nekuva Woga

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwakaparira denho itsva idzo hurumende dzinofanira kukurukura. Kuita chisarudzo chemitemo mubasa, mudzimba, chikwereti, uye ruramisiro youtsotsi zvinogona kupfuudzira uye kunyange kuwedzera mativi aripo. Hurumende dzavamba kutanga gadziriro dzinoda kujeka, kuzvidavirira, uye kururama mumasangano anofamba. Nheyo yemitemo yearegorimetic Trexalth haifaniri kuparira miuyo iyo isingafadzi inodzivirirwa mapoka.

Kudzivirira kwakavanzika kunokosha pakushandiswa kwekodzero dzevanhu munguva ino. Kana vagari vemo vachitya kuti mabasa avo epaIndaneti ari kuongororwa kana kuti mashoko avo ari kupiwa pasina mvumo, vangazvidzora, vangaganhurira kushamwaridzana kwavo, kana kuti kudzivisa kutsvaka mashoko pamusoro penhau dzinovanetsa. Hurumende dzakagadza mitemo yakavanzika inopa vanhu mitemo inovadzora pamashoko avo, inoda kuti mabhizimisi azivise miitiro yavo yemakombiyuta, uye kuisa zvirango nokuda kwokuputswa. Masangano ehurumende anoshandisa kudzivirira kwakavanzika pasi pemiraumbiso iripo, yakadai seFair Crecions Reporting Act neGrect yePrecial Acts.

Hurumende yeAmerican Liberties Union nemamwe masangano ekodzero dzevanhu akatsigira miganhu pakuongorora kwehurumende, achiramba kuti kuunganidzwa kwemashoko akawanda uye purogiramu dzokuongorora rutava dzinopesana neFost Amendment neTreendment yeChina. Matare akaputsa zvirongwa zvokuongorora zvakanga zvisina utariri hwakakwana kana kuti chiremera chaipfuura. Kutonga kwakadai seUSA Freedom Act kwakavandudza zviremera zvokuongorora nokurambidza kuunganidzwa kukuru kwemaAmerica ̱ zvinyorwa zvokukurukurirana uye kunoda kuti zvive pachena zvikuru pamusoro pemibato yokunzvera.

Kuvaka Nguva Yemberi Isingasaruri

Hurumende hadzishandi dziri dzoga mukudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu. Masangano enzanga, mapoka ehurumende, masangano ezvedzidzo, uye vatambi vezvikamu zvehurumende vose vanopa mipiro kudziviriro yekodzero dzevagari vemo. Masangano asingapinzi mari anogovera kuratidzirwa kwapamutemo kuvanhu vane kodzero dzakatyorwa, anoita nzvero inozivisa kukura kwemitemo, uye kukurudzira kutsigirwa kwevanhu nokuda kwekodzero dzevanhu. Vatsvakurudzi vanoongorora kushanda kwemitemo yekodzero dzevanhu uye vanotanga kurumbidza uchapupu hwokuchinja.

Nhimbe dzedzidzo yavose dzinobetsera vagari vemo kunzwisisa kodzero dzavo nemiitiro yokudzishandisa. Izvi zvirongwa zvave zvichishandiswa kare kare nedziviriro dzekodzero dzevagari vemo, kubatanidza vanhu vane unyanzvi hushoma hwechiNgezi, vanhu vakaremara, uye nzanga dzeruvara. Hurumende dzinobatira pamwe namasangano akavakirwa panzanga kuti asvike ava vagari vemo kupfurikidza nemikoto yetsika nemashoko.

Kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kunoda kugara kwakananga. Sezvo kuchinja kwenzanga, tyisidziro itsva dzekodzero dzevanhu kunotanga, uye kudzivirirwa kuripo kunofanira kugadziridzwa nokusimbiswa. Nhau yekodzero dzevanhu muAmerica inhau yokufambira mberi inoitwa nokuramba vachirwisa nokuchinja. Hurumende dzinoisa kodzero dzevanhu panzvimbo yokutanga dzinodzivirira kwete chete rusununguko rwemunhu mumwe nomumwe asiwo kuvimba nevamwe kunokosha pakutonga kwehurumende yegutsaruzhinji. Kana vagari vemo vachiziva kuti kodzero dzavo dzichadzivirirwa, sezvingabvira zvikuru vachatora rutivi muupenyu hwehurumende, vachiwirirana nomutemo, uye vachibatsirawo kuti pave nezvakanaka.

Basa rokuita kuti kodzero dzevanhu dzive dzisina kupedzwa. Chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kuisazve mitemo yokuenzana neruramisiro zvinoshandisa nhevedzano yedu yebumbiro remitemo. Nokunzwisisa gadziriro dzepamutemo, nzira dzokuita kuti pave nemitemo, uye miitiro inodzivirira, vagari vemo vanogona kuonga zviri nani kudzivirira kwavanogara vachifarikanya uye kutora rutivi munhamburiko inopfuurira yokupa dziviriro idzodzo kuvanhu vose. Chiito chehurumende kuchengeta vagari vemo vakachengeteka nguva dzose chinofanira kuremekedza kodzero dzevanhu, uye zvirongwa zvakanakisisa zvokuzvidzivirira ndeavo vanova nechokwadi, vanovimbisa kuzvidavirira, uye vanokudza chiremera chomunhu ari wose.