Ulster Unionism Party Nezvinetso: Rwendo Rwezvamatongerwe enyika Kupfuura Pahondo Norugare

Zvinetso muNorthern Ireland (zvinenge 1968-1988) zvinomirira rimwe ramaganhuro akanyongana zvikurusa munhau yazvino uno yeBritain neIreland. Pamwoyo pesangano rezvamatongerwe enyika rakabatana pakanga pane Ulster Unionsity Party (UP), iro rakabatira senzwi guru revabatanidzwa vePurotesitendi. UP kukuva kwake kwokutanga kwenzvimbo yakachinjika muChirungu chapamberi cheChishanu (UP], iro rainzvera kwamakumi amakore mazhinji ezvirongwa zvamasangano ePurotesitendi. Gadziriro, uye nhanya yokugara nguva refu yokubatanidzwa kwayo mukati .

Necheshure: UP Pamberi Pezvinetso

Yakavambwa muna 1905, Ulster Union Union Party yakanga iri chishandiso chikuru chezvamatongerwe enyika chokuchengeta mubatanidzwa weNorthern Ireland neGreat Britain. Kwerizhinjisa rezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, boka racho rakafarikanya kubata kusingaputsiki paSponsont, rinodzora nomugadziriro iyo varwi vazhinji navaKaturike vairangarira sevamiriri vehurumende. UP yakanga iri kuvimbika zvikuru, isati yasimbisa kuvimbika kuHuru, kukwirira kwePurotesitendi, uye kushora urudzi hwechiIrland. Zvisinei, pakasvika pakuvamba kwama 1960, dzvinyiriro dzokuvandudza dzakavamba kuwedzera, dzose dziri mbiri kubva muhurumende yeUK uye kubva mukuvamba kwekodzero dzavagari vemo.

Purezidhendi wehurumende Terence O’Neill (1963-1969) akaedza kuvamba chinjo dzine mwero dzakaitirwa kuvandudza ukama nevorumwe vaKaturike vakadai sokusikwa kweLondonderry Development Commission uye kokero kuIrish Taoisseach, Seán Lemas, nokuda kwehurukuro dzapamutemo. Izvi zvinonyandura chishoro chikuru mukati mebato rake amene nenzanga yezvokubatanidza maUP yakananga kufambidzani. Vakawanda muUP vairangarira kubvumira kupi nokupi nokupindwa kwakaenzana sechiterutsi kuIreland. Uku kupesana kwomukati pakati pavachinjiridzi navatsigirini kungarondedzera mhinduro yamakore ari mberi. Nokuda kwokupfupikisana kwemamiriro ezvinhu ezvamatongerwe enyika muboka rake amene uye masangano ezvokushandira nzanga. [FL:]BB History of Troubles [FFF]

Chibvumirano Chokutanga chaUup: Kudzivirira Union Pakati Pekakavadzano Dzinowedzera

Apo nzvero dzekodzero dzavagari vemo dzakatanga muna 1968, Ulster Union Union Party yakabatwa padzinodzikamiswa. Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA) yakaraira mugumo wokuchinja, kugoverwa kwedzimba kwakarurama, uye kudzorwa kweMasimba Anokosha Arefect yakadzorwa kwenguva refu. Mhinduro yokutanga yeUP yaingwarira uye yaidzivirira. Nepo O’Neill akabvuma kudikanwa kwokuvandudza, akaomerera kuti chinjo inofanira kuuya mukati megadziriro yemitemo iripo uye pasina kukanganisa mubatanidzwa.

Vakuru vakuru veboka vaiwanzoratidzira sangano rekodzero dzavagari vemo senzvimbo yenzvimbo yehurumende yokupandukira kana kuti yekomonisiti. Uku kunyora kwakabvumira UP kuzvidza vatsoropodzi nepo vaidzivisa kuvimbisana zvakananga nezvichemo zvavo. Panguva imwe cheteyo, vafungi vemibatanidzwa yeuswa vakaoma, nokurangarira kuti chipfeko chaicho chehurumende yavo chakanga chichidenhwa. UP hachina kukwanisa kutora chinjo iri kure yakaparadzaniswa nevorudzi vazhinji uye chakapa muuyo wakananga wokuparadza masimba masimba mumugwagwa muna 1969.

Kuita KumaZiot a 1969 Nokusvika Kwamauto eBritain

Zvimurenga zvomuDerry neBelfast zvakakurira Royal Ulster Consabulary (RUC). Mauto eBritain akaiswa kuti adzorere nhevedzano, kuratidzira nhambo yechinjo. UUP pasi poMutungamiriri Mukuru James Chichester-Clark (akatsiva O’Neill muna May 1969) akagamuchira kumiswa semwero uri madikanwa. Asi boka racho rakanga risina kusununguka zvikuru pamusoro peWestminster achiita basa rakananga zvikuru muNorthern Ireland nhau. Masangano mazhinji akatya kuti hurumende yeBritain ingamanikidza kuvandudza pesvedzero yaizoderedza Purotesitendi.

Mushure mezvimurenga, UUP yakatarisana nedzvinyiriro yokushandisa chinjo dzakarumbidzwa neCameron Report uye gare gare neHunt Report, iyo yakakarakadza kubvisa ruci uye kugadzira nzvimbo itsva yamapurisa. Boka racho rakatsigira chinjo idzi nokusazvidemba, richiziva kuti kukundikana kuita kudaro kwaigona kunyandura mutemo wakananga wakabva kuLondon. Bva kushandisa chinjo dzine mwero kwakabvumikisa kuva kwakaoma nemhaka yechishoro chakabva kumapoka akavimbika uye vamwe vaUP. Nguva ino yakaratidzira kupesana kukuru kwepfungwa kwebato racho pakati peavo vanodisa kuva vazvino uno uye avo vakatsunga kudzivisa denho ipi neipi yokukwirira mubatanidzwa.

UP Mukati Moukuru Hwechisimba (19971 - 1976)

Ma1970 akakurumidza kuoneka kuti basa remauto rainyanya kuwanda.

Rimwe ramatanho akamutsa nharo zvikurusa akagamuchirwa nehurumende yeUUP rakanga riri tsinhano pasina muedzo , rakatangwa muna August 1971 pasi poMutungamiriri wePrime Brian Faulkner. Interment yakanangidzirwa zvikurukuru pakunyumwira nyika, asi yakaurawa zvakashata, noungwaru hwechinyakare hunotungamirira kukusungwa kwavazhinji veKaturike vasina mhaka. Muitiro wacho wakava nengwavaira: wakawedzera tsigiro nokuda kweIRA, yakaparadza nzanga yeKaturike, uye yakaisa kushurikidzwa kwamarudzi ose. UUP yakadzivirira kunyurwa sechiyero chemarikhi, asi wakava chiratidzo chechibvumirano chenyika yemubatanidzwa muinteri muransice.

Vagari Vepachipata uye Ukama Hwevarwi neRuc neUDR

MuNhamo dzose, UUP yakatsigira zvakasimba mauto echengeteko, zvikurukuru RUC neUlster Defence Regiment (UDR). Vaitsigira nguva dzose kuti kudzorera mutemo nenhevedzano ndicho chinhu chokutanga, kunyange zvazvo kwakareva kuganhurira rusununguko rwevanhu. Mitezo yakawanda yeUP yakatsigira zvakasimba UDR, mauto emo akarongwa emo akapinda British neUD. Akava mutungamiriri wehurumende mukuru weBritain. Zvisinei, kupokanwa kwechikwata checolusition pakati pemauto echiuto nemauto echengeteko nedziviriro chakavimbika, [1] zvikurukuru UDRR yakaisa UP munzvimbo yakaoma. Boka racho rairamba zvakashata zvakadaro separadziro reparadzi, asi gare gare gare (zvakadai seStevenson nedess desCreast) rondedzero dzenhau dzakati chakananga dzeColla.

UUP yakaisawo pesvedzero pamuitiro weruramisiro woutsotsi. Somuenzaniso, matare e Diplock `$non-jury kutonga kwakatangwa muna 1973 kurwisa tyisidziro yamajaji(akava netsigiro yakazara yebato. Kunyange zvazvo aiitirwa kudzivirira varwi, aya matare akatsoropodzwa namasangano ekodzero dzevanhu. Dare reUUP rairangarira kuchengeteka kwakavakirwa muchitendero chokuti nyika inofanira kuva yakasimba zvakakwana kukunda ugandanga.

Mhinduro Dzezvamatongerwe Enyika: Kuvambira kuSunningdale Kusvikira kuChibvumirano cheBritain neIri

Pasinei zvapo nechimiro chayo chokutanga chokuchengeteka, UUP yaisagona kudzivisa kudikanwa kwekurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika. Kuwa kweStormont muna 1972 uye kuiswa kwoutongi hwakananga kwakamanikidzira vabatanidzwa kubatanidzwa nehurumende dzeBritain neIreland pagadziriro itsva dzezvamatongerwe enyika.

Chibvumirano cheSunningale (1903) Nemugumisiro Wacho

Sunningdale Aguement yakanga iri kuedza kwakakomba kwokutanga kuita mukuru mukuru anotarisira simba muNorthern Ireland. UP, pasi paBrian Faulkner (uyo akanga ava Mutungamiriri mukuru muna 1971), yakatora rutivi muhurukuro ndokubvumirana nehurumende yemubatanidzwa yaibatanidza Social Democratic and Labour Party (SSLP) uye Convention community Alliance. Chibvumirano chacho chakagadzawo Dare reIreland, chichipa Republic basa rokubvunza.

Nokuda kwechibvumirano chekubatana chaidzorwa neUP neDemocratic Union paFoulkner, Sundingdale yakamirira kubvumirana kwetsika: simba - raichengetedza mubatanidzwa mukati meUK, apo Council yeIreland yakanga yakaganhurirwa. Zvisinei, vanamati vakasimba mukati meUP uye kubva kuDidemocratic Union Pauples Pauple) vaitungamirirwa naIan Paisley yakatanga nhimbe inodenha chibvumirano. Kurova kukuru kwakaumbwa neUlster Work Council muMay 1974 kwakaunza Northern Ireland kumiswa ndokumanikidzira nokurega kweFaulner, zvino zvino kuputsanisa mukuru mukuru. UUPUP, naFaulner kuumba chikwata chipfupitina chipfupi cheIn Northern Ireland (UPN), zvino, pasi pekumadokero chaHarllner, chichibva paMadokeri.

UP Nebvumirano yeBritain neIribhiri (1985)

Chishamiso chikuru chezvamatongerwe enyika chakatevera chakauya nokusaina kweChibvumirano cheAnglo - Irish muna November 1985 naMutungamiriri weBritain Margaret Thatcher naIrish Taoisseach Garret FitzGerald. Chibvumirano chacho chakapa hurumende yeIreland basa repamutemo rokubvunza muNorthern Ireland nhau, kupfurikidza neIntergational Conference. UP, ipapo yakatungamirirwa naJames Molyneaux, yakaita nehasha. Boka rakarongwa, rakazivisa chibvumirano chokutengesa, uye rakaronga chirongwa chezvigaro chehurumende yeBritain. Zvose zvigaro zvazvo UPUPUP zvinobvisa zvigaro zvazvo muImbadzo-Ose muImba yeCommontro masangano (kunyange zvakadaro zvakadzose zvaiitwazve).

Pasinei zvapo nechishoro chakasimba, Chibvumirano cheBritain neIringi chakatungamirira kukuwa kweUP; panzvimbo pezvo, chakaoma kurangarira ndokusundira mubato murunyararo rwapedyo neDuP mukati me “Ulster Anoti Nhaka”. Zvisinei, chibvumirano chakajekeswawo kuti vabatanidzwa havasati vaigona kugonazve kupedza muitiro weBritain. Uku kubatanidzwa chaikwo pakupedzisira kwakagadzirira nzira yokusvika kwedzimwe nguva gare gare muma1990. Kurangarirwa kune udzame kwechiNgezi-Irish Chibvumirano chinogona kuwanwa pa [[FLT:] Confictt Archive Archal paInter (CIN)[FOLD:1].

Kupesana Kwakati uye Kufamba Kwenguva Refu Kuchienda Kurugare

Mukati mama 1980 namavambo ama1990, UUP yakaparadzaniswa nguva dzose pakati pokubatanidza muitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika unobatanidza nokuchengeta chimiro chakasimba chokubatana. Utungamiriri hwebato racho pasi paJames Molyneaux (1979-19995) hwakanga hwakangwarira, huchisarudza kushanda mukati memikoto yebumbiro remitemo reBritain − yakadai seHouse of Commons /rather kupfuura kupinda mukurukurirano dzakakwirira.

Asi nzvimbo yakachinja pashure pekunge 1993 Dowing Street Declaration uye kumira kwemoto kwakaitwa 1994 neUP pasi peMolyneaux, UP yainonoka kuchinja, uye kutsoropodza kwomukati kwakawedzera. Muna 1995, David Trimble akava mutungamiriri, achimirira chizvarwa chitsva chaida kuedza bviro dzegadziriro yorugare. Utungamiriri hweTrimb hungabvumikisa kuva hunokosha, kunyange zvazvo hwakapinzawo mungozi imwezve batanidzwa wokubatanidza.

David Anokundikana uye Chibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu

David Trimble akatora UP akatsunga kukurukura nzvimbo yaigona kugumisa Zvinetso apo aichengeta mubatanidzwa. Akapinda hurukuro dzakawanda dzaibatanidza Sinn Féin, pasinei zvapo neruvengo rukuru rwokubatana. Muuyo Applict yeChishanu [ (Chibvumirano cheBelsat) cha1998 chakanga chiri chiratidzo chakatanhamara: chakaparira kubviswa kwesimba rinovatapurira, rakaziva nheyo yebvumirano (Northern Ireland yaigona kusiya UK bedzi nevhota yoruzhinji), uye masangano akatangwa omuchinjikwa.

Kutsigira kwechibvumirano chacho kwakamuita kuti asawirirana nevakawanda mubato rake uye neDup. Munhano yenhau, Trimble akava Mushumiri Wokutanga weNorthern Ireland muna December 1999. Asi mapoka eUP omukati akatowedzera. Kudzorwa nenhau dzakadai seIRA decominginging, boka racho rakaramba kuDuP, iyo yakaramba chibvumirano chacho. Trimmack akarega kuva Mushumiri Wokutanga muna 2001 uye zvakare muna 2002 kumanikidza kukanda zvombo zveRepublic. Pasinei zvapo nokuhwina Mubayiro woRugare rwaNobel mu1998 John Hum, Trib aisagona kutsigira UUUUP.

Nhaka Yezvakaitirwa NevaUP Kumatambudziko

Ruge rwaUlster Unionist Party inhau yokuchinja nokuderera. Pakutanga kwerwisano yacho, boka racho rakanga riri inzwi risingapanikirwi rokubatana; pamugumo, rakanga rabatwa neDUP yakanyanyisa zvikuru mukuwirirana netsigiro yakasarudzwa. Bva basa reUUP rinoramba riri rinokosha.

Kutanga, mubato wacho wakagovera hwaro hwezvamatongerwe enyika hwemhinduro yechengeteko iyo yaiva namasimba masimba — kunyange kana mimwe yemiitiro yawo ikabvumikisa kuva isina miuyo. Chechipiri, pasinei zvapo negakava romukati, vatungamiriri veUP vakabva Faulkner kusvikira kuTrimble vakaita kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kwakaoma uko kwakachengeta bviro yegano rezvamatongerwe enyika riripo.

Vanyori venhau dzinopfuurira kukurukura nhaka yaUP. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti kukundikana kwebato kugamuchira chinjo yakazara muma 1960 kwakagovera kumwero wamasimba masimba. Vatsigiri vanoomerera kuti pasina musengwa weUP kumubatanidzwa nokudisa kwawo kwokupedzisira kugoverana simba, hakuna rugare rwakadzikama rwaizodai rwakabvira. Nokuda kwenzvero yakadzikama, ona The Irish Times chinyorwa paUpup[[FLT]].

Kiyi Yokutora

  • Dare reUUP pakutanga rakadzivisa kuchinja kodzero dzevanhu, kuchiparira kusawirirana kwakawedzera kuva Zvinetso.
  • Mubatanidzwa wacho wakatsigira matanho okuchengetedza akaoma akadai sematare aidzivirira vanhu uye matare aisava enhema, ayo akaparadzanisa vatsigiri vezvourudzi.
  • UP yakapindira uye ipapo yakashora Chibvumirano cheSunningdale, chinoratidzira mapoka makuru omukati.
  • Mukusagadzikana kwaDavid Trim, vaiti vakagamuchira Chibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu, chaakawana Mubayiro woRugare weNobel.
  • Kuderera kweElectoral kwakatevera sezvo Dupu yakatapa vhoti yakaoma zvikuru yomubatanidzwa.

Kupindura kweUlster Unionist Party kwakanga kuri chinhu chipi nechipi kunze kwechinetso chimwe. Vatungamiriri varo vakashandisa nzira inonyengera pakati pokudzivirira mubatanidzwa nokupindura zvinodikanwa zvechaunga chinochinja. Kubudirira nokukundikana kwebato racho kunopa zvidzidzo zvisingaperi zvechisarudzo cherwisano noutungamiriri hwezvamatongerwe enyika munzanga dzakakamukana zvikuru. Nokuda kwokuravazve, bvunza Oxford Reference on the Ulster Union Party[ uye kupinda kwamashoko makuru [[FLT:]BRINICA paUP[F:3]].