South China Sea yakabuda seimwe yenzvimbo dzinochinja zvikuru muIndo-Pacific, yakasundwa nokuwedzera hondo kubva kuvatauri vazhinji kubatanidza China, Vietnam, uye Philippines. Sasimba rapakati nemharadzi dzakadzika munharaunda, Australia yakabatanidzazve chimiro chayo kuti idzivirire chengeteko yedziri, inotsigira mutemo wamarudzi ose, uye inochengeta rusununguko rwokufamba. Nyaya ino inogovera kunzvera kukuru kwedavidzo yemibatanidzwa mizhinji yeAustralia kunyanduko inowedzera muSouth China Sea, kufukidza nhano dzekurukurirano, kubatana kwehondo kwazvino uno, zvivako zvazvino uno, uye denho dzakaoma mberi.

Geo Antikutle of the South China Sea Discipes

South China Sea ndeimwe yemikoto yengarava yakabatikana zvikurusa panyika, inobata chinofungidzirwa kuva chikamu chimwe chezvitatu zvezvinofamba nengarava dzenyika yose. Ine hove dzakawanda uye midungwe mikuru isina kutemwa yeoiri negasi. Gungwa rinewo mikoto mikuru yekurukurirano yegungwa yakakomba (SSC) iyo inobatanidza Indian nePacific Ocean, ichiita kuti ive inokosha kuupfumi hweEast Asia, kubatanidza Australia.

Mumakore gumi apfuura, China yakapinda mukugadzirwazve kwenyika yechiyero chikuru nokuvakwa kwegadziriro dzehondo pamativi muSpratly neParacel thigirations. Izvi zvinobatanidza ndege, marada, mabhatiri anokandwa, uye zvivako zvengarava. Beijing inosimbisa kutaura kwayo pasi pe "ini-dash wift," kubviswa uko nzanga yamarudzi ose inorangarira kuva kunopesana neChibvumirano cheChibatanwa chaMarudzi paMutemo weGungwa (UNCLOS). Muna 2016, Dare reChirefuri reArbitation rakatonga kuti kutaura kwenhau dzeChina kwakanga kusina hwaro hwepamutemo, chisarudzo chakaramba uye chinopfuurira kufuratira.

Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, neTaiwan zvinochengetawo mashoko anowirirana. Rwiyo rwapamuuyo rwakatungamirira kukuvadziko dzakawanda, zvinoitika zvinodzongonyedza, uye kuwanda kwakatsiga kwezvikepe zvengarava nepfuma yemhenderekedzo yegungwa kumativi ose. Kurwiswa kwenharaunda kunotyisidzira rusununguko rwokufamba nemhepo yakanyanyisa, kunoparira ngozi yemiitiro yakaipa nerwisano, uye kunodenha nhevedzano yakavakirwa pamitemo iyo Australia yakatsigira kwenguva refu.

Matakesi eAustralia muSouth China Sea

Fariro dzeAustralia muSouth China Sea dzose dziri mbiri dzakananga uye dzinoshandiswa. Dzinenge 60% dzezvokutengeserana zveAustralia dzinofamba mvura idzi, kubatanidza gasi rinonyungudutsa romusikirwo, iron, uye marasha zvinotumirwa kune dzimwe nyika. Kudzongonyedzwa kupi nokupi kwenzira kungava nemigumisiro yakakomba yezvemari. Australia inochengetawo fariro yakasimba mukuchengeteka kwenzira dzayo, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza neIndonesia neTimor Sea.

Kupfuura fariro dzezvemari, Australia inoiswa mudzikamo yenharaunda yakafara yeIndo-Pacific. Canberra inorangarira kuchengetwa kwenhevedzano yamarudzi ose yakavakirwa pamitemo sezvinokosha kudzivirira kumanikidzirwa kwesimba guru uye kudzivirira uchangamire hwenyika duku. Kuderera kwechengeteko muSouth China Sea kwaizogadza muenzaniso une ngozi nokuda kwenharo mudzimwe nharaunda dzematomu, kubatanidza East China Sea neSouth Pacific.

Mhinduro Yakaoma: Kutsigira Mitemo Nokukurukura

Kusvika kwehurumende dzeAustralia kuSouth China Sea kwave kuri kwakarurama: hakutsigiri mativi akafanira ezvirevo zvenzvimbo asi kunoomerera kuti gakava rigadzirwe norugare uye mutsinhirano nomutemo wamarudzi. Canberra ave ari mutsigiri wenzwi weUNCLOS uye akadana mapoka ose kuti agare pakutonga kwa2016, kunyange sezvo China yaramba kuiziva.

Kubatanidzwa Mune Zvekare

Australia inotsigira nokushingaira kurukurirano dzechengeteko dzomunharaunda umo nhau dzeSouth China Sea dzinokurukurwa. PaASEAN REFUM (ARF) neEast Asia Summit (EAS), vakuru vakuru veAustralia vakamutsa vamutsazve funganyo pamusoro pehondo uye kudikanwa kwebumbiro remitemo. Australia yavewo iri kuvapo kwakasimba paShangri-La Dialogue muSingapore, chinoitika chenhau dzegore negore umo vadziviriri vanobva mhiri kweAsia vanodzivirira vari mumativi ose enyika inotarisana nezvinetso zvechengeteko.

Mashoko Akasiyana - siyana

Canberra yakakudza kukurukurirana kwezvikamu zvamabhiya nehurumende huru ASEAN, zvikurukuru Vietnam, Philippines, uye Indonesia. Kutaura kwakabatana nedziviriro zvinowanzonongedzera kudikanwa kwokuzvidzora negakava rorugare. Australia yakabatanidzawo kutumira mashoko neUnited States, Japan, uye South Korea, ichiumba boka rehurumende rehurumende renyika dzine mativi mana rinodzokera shure nechinjo dzakavakwa neapo.

Nhamburiko dzemibatanidzwa yeAustralia hadzina kuganhurirwa kukutaura kwavose. Canberra akagovera betsero yapamutemo neyounyanzvi kunyika dzeristoral kusimbisa simba radzo rokuita kuti mutemo urambe uchidzorwa mungarava uye kuziva nzvimbo. Zvirongwa izvi zvokuvaka simba zvinobetsera nyika duku kushandisa kodzero dzadzo dzouchangamire pasina kutendeukira kurumbidzo.

Kuronga Kurwa Uye Kuronga

Nzira yemibatanidzwa yenhau inowirirana nokunatsiridza kukuru kwokuzvidzivirira kweAustralia. Australian Defence Force (ADF) yakawedzera kuwanda nokuoma kwebasa muSouth China Sea nemvura dzakapoteredza. Royal Australian Navy (RAN) inobatanidza zvitima zvine simba rapasi pevhu, zvinoparadza, uye ngarava dzinofamba nepasi pegungwa, zvinofambisa mvura dzakaiswa murusununguko rwokufamba panze penyika pamwe chete nevatsigiri. Kushanda uku kunosimbisa kuramba kweAustralia kumiswa nenyevero dzechiChina ndokuratidzira kuzvipira kunheyo yomukoto wezvifambiso zvisina simba.

Kushanda Kwengarava Nengarava Nekubudirira

Australia iri pakati pewedzero yayo hurusa yehondo dzehondo. Garame reForwar richaita kuti pave nengarava dzinomhanya dzinomhanya dzinofamba nehondo dzinorwisana nenhoke dzehondo dzinofamba nenhengedzo dzeArafarira, nepo steo dzinobatanidza nharaunda dzepamheno dzegungwa dzakagadzirirwa kuongorora kwedzinoramba dzichishanda. Kuwanikwa kwengarava dzehondo dzenyukireya pasi peAUKUS, kuchaita kuti RAN ive neraundi, inoba mano okushanda mumvura dzinokwikwikwikwidza. Zvite, zvikabatanidzwa nendege itsva dzinofamba mugungwa reSouth China dzakadai sePAA Poseidon neMQ-C Trintone, igove ungwa, ungwaru, kufambira, uye kudzorwa kwemabhinya (IS) kufukidza Gungwa rekuchekero reSouth China.

Kurovedza Mutoo Wehondo Kwakabatanidzwa Nokuvapo

Kurovedza muviri kwechikamu chezvikepe nemhizha kwazova chinhu chikuru chenzira yeAustralia. Kurovedza muviri kwegore negore Tallis Sabre neUnited States, kwakabvisa mhenderekedzo yeQueensland, kwakura kubatanidza kumira kwemvura nemvura, kurovedza kunogara mumoto, uye zviitiko zvokukunda. Australia inotora rutiviwo muEscoucience Kakadu, yakadzorwa neIndonesia, uye muSpect Pitch Black, kurwa kwemhepo kunobatanidza mauto anobva mhiri kwenharaunda.

Vashandi veAustralia vanoiswawo pahwaro hunotenderera kuIndian Ocean neSouth China Sea. RAN Frigeeds dzinogaroshandiswa serutivi rweGumbi reHondo dzegungwa reU.S. uye ndege dzeP8A Poseidon dzakatumwa nendege kubva Singapore nedzimwe nzvimbo kuti dzitarire basa rengarava. Idzi nzvimbo, nepo dzisiri zechigarire, dzinochengeta kuvapo kunopfuurira kunosimbisa fariro dzeAustralia.

Chivako Chokuvaka: AUKUS, QUAD, uye Tuchiunda

Dambudziko reAustralia kurwisa kweSouth China Sea harigoni kunzwisiswa pasina kunzvera ukama hwaro. Chinoitika chikurusa mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya chave chiri kutangwa kweAUKUS, chibvumirano chekuchengeteka chetatu neUnited Kingdom neUnited States. AUKUS yakavavarira kugovera Australia ngarava dzinofamba nepasi pegungwa dzine simba renyukireya uye kushandira pamwe zvikuru muIndanetineti, ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, quantaum, uye mano apasi pegungwa. Pact yachinja masangano eAustralia anodzivirira panhambo refu, achipa muuyo wekudzivisa uyo masimba asingadi kuita oga.

Mubatanidzwa Wemhuri

Quadrialional Security Dialogue, kana kuti QUAD, inounganidza Australia, India, Japan, uye United States. Nepo QUAD isina gadziriro yemitemo yehondo yakarongwa, inoshanda somuitiro wetsinhirano wezvinangwa zvakagoveranwa, kubatanidza kugadzirwa kwamabhakitiriya akasununguka uye akavhurika. Kurovedza kwoutsi hwemvura kwapamadziro, kwakadai senhevedzano yeMalabar inobatanidza mitezo yose mina, inobvumira ndege kushandira pamwe chete muIndian Ocean neSouth China Gungwa. QUAD yakatangawo nhano dzokuita basa pakugadzirwa kwemajekiseni, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runetsoro, uye kutsigira mibatanidzwa, kuvaka zvirongwa zvekushandira pamwe chete.

Ukama Hwakadzika Zvikuru

Ukama hweAustralia neUnited States hunodzivirira hunoramba huri chinhu chikuru chetsika yahwo yokudzivirira. Nyika mbiri dzine chibvumirano chenguva refu muANZUS Treaty, iyo inodziita kuti dzibvunze muchiitiko chedenho yezvombo muPacific. Kuchinja kwakawedzerwa kwemauto eU.S. kupfuudzira Darwin nakuwedzera kusvika kuAustralia kuvhuro neU.S. vatakuri vendege vanomirira ratidziro dzinooneka dzeiyi batano mukusawirirana kweSouth China Sea.

Australia yakasimbisawo batano neJapan, kuisa zita muReciprocal Access Regionation Actrition iyo inopfavisa kushanda kwakabatanidzwa nerovedzo. NeIndia, Canberra yakakudza kurovedza kwengarava negoverano youchenjeri. izvi zvisungo zvinobatanidza mibatanidzwa mirefu zvikuru uye zvinoparira mirwi mizhinji yezvipingamupinyi.

Zvinetso Zvakakodzera Nezvinorambidzwa

Pasinei zvapo nokusimba kweAustralia, denho dzinokosha dzinosara. China ishamwari hurusa yeAustralia yezvokutengeserana, uye kudyidzana kwezvemari kunoparira kusawirirana pakati pemirayiro yechengeteko nefariro dzezvokutengeserana. Hurumende yeChina haina kuzengurira kushandisa kumanikidza kwezvemari, sezvinoonekwa muchirango chezvokutengeserana chinoiswa pamirayiro yokutengesa bhari, waini, uye marasha paAustralia nokuda kwokubvunza kwamavambo eCOVID-19. Nyika ipi neipi yeAustralia inorangarirwa seyorwa neBeijan ingagona kuparirazve kutsiva, maindasitiri anoparadza uye mararamiro.

Ngozi Dzokukwevera Mberi uye Mitsetse Mitsvuku

Ngozi yokuparadza kusingakanwi ndeyakakomba. Mhesano mugungwa, dzakadai senhevedzo dzine ngozi dzinoitwa navarwi veAustralia kana kuti zvifambiso zvengarava dzehondo dzeChina, dzinogona kukurumidza kukura. Australia haigoni kumisa China pasina munhu gare gare murwisano yakananga uye inofanira kuvimba nechinzwano. Zvisinei, misengwa inobatana inogonawo kupinza Australia murwisano kwete dzvurudzo dzayo, zvikurukuru kana United States yaizova inobatanidzwa murwisano inopisa pamusoro peTaiwan kana kuti Spratlys.

Mikaha Yemaguta Nemikana Yemanyuko

ADF inotambanudzwa nemisengwa yayo yenyika yose nezvinodikanwa zvinokura zveIndo-Pacial. Hurumende yeMadzike yakatarisana neperevedzo dzinoda kupera, uye ngarava dzehondo dzakawanda dzakwegura kana kuti dzinoda nhambo dzakawedzerwa dzokugadziridzwa. Ndyiko yepurogiramu yengarava dzinofamba nepasi pegungwa ine simba renyukireya inofungidzirwa kudarika mabhiriyoni $100 (Z $56) pamakumi matatu anotevera, kumutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pemari yakakwana nemukana. neAustralia yakawedzera mari yokuzvidzivirira, inoramba iri chikamu chiduku chemari yemari yehondo yeChina. Kubvisa mishambadza kuchada kutengwa, kugadzirwa kutsva, uye zvimwe kutengeswa kwedzimwe nzvimbo dzehurumende.

Zvinetso Zvinovhiringidza NeASHEAN

Australia inofamba zvakanaka mukuvimbisana kwayo naASCE. Nepo ASEAS yakawanda ichigoverana funganyo dzeAustralia pamusoro pekutemerwa, vanotyawo kukweverwa mumakwikwi makuru ane simba. Australia inofanira kudzivisa kumanikidzira vatsigiri vayo muchisarudzo icho chingakuvadza mativi aASHEA amone kana kuti kunyandura kutsiva kweChina. Mitezo yeSangano yeYaka yakanyungurura tyisidziro: Vietnam nePhilippines zviri pakati pezvinobatanidzwa zvikurusa, nepo Cambodia naLaos vakasanowirirana zvikuru neBeijan. Vadzoricries veAustralia vanofanira kugadziridzwa kuidzwa neiyi mifungo, vachitsigira vaparidzi vashanyi veChina vasina kubuda munze.

Chiono Chenguva Yemberi: Kunzira Yedzikamo

Kutarira mberi, Australia sezvingabvira ichakudza kusvika kwayo kuripo apo inotsvaka nzira itsva dzokudzora ngozi. Mhoteredzo yemubatanidzwa icharamba yakaoma, China ichipfuurira kusimbisa kutaura kwayo kupfurikidza namazano achena enzvimbo dzinogadzirwa nenzvimbo dzayo dzehondo uye kupedzwa kwezvivako zvehondo pazvitsuwa zvayo zvokugadzirwa. Australia ichada kuchengeta chimiro chokudzivisa kwakavimbika nepo ichidzivisa zviito zvinogona kuparira rwisano.

Kusimbisa Vakwanyina Vomunharaunda

Chimwe chinhu chikuru chiri kukura kubatanidzwa kwedziviriro neIndonesia, nyika hurusa yeSoutheast Asia uye muvakidzani wengarava anotsoropodza. Australia neIndonesia dzinofarirawo kuterama muGungwa reTimor uye kusvika kuMalacca Strait. Kurovedzana kwenguva dzose uye kupedziswa kwebvumirano itsva yebatira pamwe yokuzvidzivirira kuchawedzera kubatana uye kuvimbana. Australia inofanirawo kuisa pamwe chete nenyika dzePacific Island, idzo nharaunda dzezvikepe dziri kufukidzwa nedzvinyiriro inowedzera kubva mukuredza isiri pamutemo uye, zvinobvira, ngarava dzokuredza dzokuChina dzinobatanidzawo ungwaru.

Kuongorora Nzvimbo Dzinogara Vanhu Mumvura

Kuderedza ngozi yokukanganisa, Australia inofanira kuisa mari mukuziva kwakawedzerwa kwenzvimbo dzegungwa (MDA). Kubatanidzwa kwezvigaro zvenzvero zvinoiswa musetilaiti, motokari dzendege dzisina vanhu, uye vatasvi vengarava dzengarava kuchagovera mufananidzo wakajeka wemibato muSouth China Sea. Kugoverana MDA neshamwari dzemibatanidzwa yenharaunda kunogona kuvaka chivimbo uye kudzivisa zviito zvokuvhara. Kutora rutivi kweAustralia muPacific IslandsFhouries Agency kunotongedza ukoshi hwemifungo yokunzvera kwebatira pamwe chete munguva yomugungwa.

Kutungamirira Tsika

Pasinei zvapo nezvitambudzo, Australia inofanira kupfuurira kutsigira kukurukurirana kweBumbiro reChiratidzo chinobatanidza tsika (COC) nokuda kweSouth China Sea pakati peChina neASIA. COC yaizotanga mitemo ine revo yekurukurirano, kudzivisa zvinoitika, uye kubvisa. Haingagadziri kusawirirana kwenharaunda asi ingagona kuderedza ngozi yerwisano. Australia inogona kuita basa rinovaka kupfurikidza nokukurudzira kuchinjika, kujeka, uye kunamatira kumutemo wamarudzi ose pakati pemapoka anokurukura.

Kudzikamisa Kuzvipira Nokupindira

Denho yakaoma zvikurusa nokuda kweAustralia ichava kuvhara muvhenganiswa wekudzivisa nokuvimbisana. Kunyanyovimba nezviratidzo zvehondo kunganyandura mativi akatenderera, nepo kuzvidzora kwakanyanyisa kungagona kunzi kuterama. Australia inofanira kuchengeta nzira mbiri: chishoro chakasimba kumabasa okubatanidza kusununguka akabatanidzwa nokusununguka kukurukurirano nebatira pamwe pafariro dzakafanana sechinjo dzemamiriro okunze, kudzivisa kwakapararira, uye chengeteko yegungwa.

mhedziso

Davidzo yeAustralia kukuwedzera kwehondo yeSouth China Sea inoratidzira kuzivikanwa kwayo sesimba rapakati nefariro dzenyika yose nemitoro yenharaunda. Kupfurikidza nesangano remibatanidzwa yezvokutengeserana, kubatana kwehondo, kukudza, uye kuvaka, Canberra yakavamba gadziriro huru yokutarisira zvinetso zvinoparirwa neChina ine mvumo huru. Kunyange zvakadaro nzira yacho haisati iri isina muganhu wezvinodiwa. Rudiso rwemari, mitengo, mibatanidzwa, uye kusadzo inosarirwa nemakwikwikwidza makuru enyika dzose dzinoisa miganhuro paizvo Australia inogona kuita bedzi.

South China Sea icharamba iri nhandare yamakwikwi ane chokuita nenguva yemberi inofanotaurwa. Australia inofanira kupfuurira kufamba nemhoteredzo iyi noungwaru, kutsunga, uye nzwisiso yakajeka yezvose zviri zviviri mano ayo neganhuriro dzayo. Nharidzano huru haisati iri yokurwisana nemutungamiriri upi noupi asi kuchengetedza migariro nokuda kwokugarisana kune rugare, kutengeserana kwakasununguka, uye nzanga ine rugare. Mukuedza ikoko, inzwi reAustralia, rinotsigirwa nesimba rinotendwa nebatira pamwe zvapachokwadi, richaramba riri madikanwa kukutsigarika kwenharaunda yeIndo-Pacifici.

Kumwe Kurava Nenongedzero

davidzo yeAustralia kurwiso rweSouth China Sea ichapfuurira kushanduka. Zviito zvinoitwa mumakore anouya zvichaumba kwete bedzi chengeteko yenyika asiwo chimiro chenhevedzano yamarudzi ose umo Australia inotsvaka kubudirira. Kuchengeta nzira yakatsiga, inotungamirirwa nenheyo nePragmatism, ndiyo nzira yechokwadi yokugonana nedenho dziri mberi.