Masimba anotungamirira ePurezidhendi weUnited States ari pakati pemativi ane simba zvikurusa neanoramba adzorosa eAmerica. Kubva pakugadza muitiro wokumwe kuraira mauto ane zvombo, Purezidhendi anoshandisa chiremera chinoumba zvakananga upenyu hwomugari wemo mumwe nomumwe. Bva aya masimba haasati ari akakwana; anorondedzerwa nokudzorwa nokudzorwa nokusanopinzwa neBumbiro remitemo, miraudzo, uye muenzaniso wokutonga. Kunzwisisa ukoshi chaihwoihwo hwezvinogona kuitwa naPresiti kuti aite kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa kuti hurumende yehurumende yehurumende inoshanda sei, kuti mitemo inodzorwa sei, uye kuti simba rinokudzwa sei pakati pamapazu matatu. Iyi inokudzwa inopa kunzverwa kwakakwana kwamasimba okutungamirira, nheyo dzayo dzinoshanda, zvirongwa zvinoshanda, uye ganhurnotsoropodza izvo zvinochengeta kuzvidavirira kwoubati wedeoruzhinji.

Kutangwa Kwesimba Rine Simba Rine Simba Romutemo

Dare reMitemo reU.S. rinopa simba guru muMutungamiriri mumwe pasi pa Article II, Chikamu 1, icho chinotanga, kuti: “Simba guru richaiswa muna Purezidhendi weUnited States of America. Iri rugwaro rwave ruchidudzirwa zvikuru munguva kuti ribatanidze masimba ose ari maviri akarongwa naavo anorehwa nokudikanwa kwokumanikidzira mutemo wehurumende ndokutarisira bazu repamusoro. [[FLT:] Mutezo waClausse[[FLT:] muChikamu II, Chikamu 3 chinorairazve kuti “tapure kuti Miteo ipedzwe nokutendeka, kugadza basa guru raPrezidhea kuti ritaridzirwe. [FFFOF]

Kusiyana nebazu remitemo, iro rinogamuchira ndaza ine udzame yamasimba anodudzwa muChikamu I, chitsama chamasimba makuru chakakura zvikuru. Uku kusavangurira kwamaune kwakabvumira Mapurezidhendi kuchinjira hofisi kumigariro inochinja, asi kunoparirawo nharo dzinopfuurira pamusoro peganhuriro dzechiremera chapurezidhendi. [ Dare[[FLT:]] [FLT]] ragara richiyerwa, zvikurukuru muzvinoitika zvakafanana ne vaduku [vasati vambova] nenharo dzinotemuka pamusoro pemiganhuro yechiremera chapurezidhendi. [[FLT:] [5] [1], iro rakatonga kuti kukwidzwa kwesimbi kwaProfesa mukati mauto yehondo yeKorea inopfuura chiremera chake. Kunzwisisa idzi nheyo dzenheyo mudanga razvinotenderera nyika yazvinoshamira.

Masimba Ane Simba Ane Simba aPurezidhendi

Purezidhendi anoshandisa marudzi amasimba anogona kuiswa mumapoka makuru anoverengeka. Rimwe nerimwe rinovakirwa muBumbiro remitemo, mutemo womubatanidzwa, kana kuti muitiro wagara kwenguva refu, uye rimwe nerimwe rinoongororwa neCongress nedare rinobetsera vatongi.

Kugadzwa uye Masimba Okubviswa

Purezidhendi anogadza vakuru vakuru veUnited States, kubatanidza vanyori vakuru vedare reUnited States, vatongi vehurumende (kubatanidza vatongi veDare Rapamusorosoro), nhume, uye vatungamiriri vemasangano anozvimirira, vachizviisa pasi pe [[FLT: 0] pamutemo nokubvuma kweDare [ (Makurukota II, Chikamu 2). Simba rinobvumira Purezidhendi kuumba utungamiriri hwebazu revakuru vakuru neuzivi hwedare kwemakumi amakore. Zvisinei, Dare rinogona kuramba maminenene, uye Purezidhendi anogona kubvisa vakuru vakuru vakati vebazi vakuru pasina tendero yeDare, kunyange zvazvo kubviswa kwemasangano anozvimirira kuchida chisakiso. Chirongwa chacho ndechimwe chematanho chinooneka zvikurusa pakati pamapazu evakuru vakuru vakuru uye mabhirimendi.

Simba reVeto

Purezidhendi ane simba rokuvhara mutemo unopiwa neCongress, achiudzosa nokuramba. Congress inogona kudzora chiwiro nembiri yetatu mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri (Article I, Chikamu 7). Vto chishandiso chine simba chinoita kuti Purezidhendi akwanise kuvhara mabhiri aanoona asingachinji, asina kuchenjera, kana kuti achipesana nevavariro dzemitemo. Mapuresitiwo anogona kushandisa [ pocket to [, izvo zvinoitika apo Congress Congress anoona zviri kunze kwechinobhuroripo uye Purezidhendi asingadzosi, asingaurayi zvinobudirira pasina chiito. Simbatiro rinoshandiswawo kupfuura nguva dzinopfuura 2 500 kubva pakutangwa, 10%.

Nhevedzo Yavatarisiri Neziviso

Mirairo inodzora inhungamiro dzinopiwa naPurezidhendi kuti vatarisire kushanda kwehurumende yehurumende. Vane simba romutemo nokuda kwamasangano ebazu makuru asi vanofanira kuvakirwa pachiremera chemitemo chiripo kana kuti Bumbiro remitemo rimene. Ivo havasi mitemo mitsva; vanorayiridza masangano kuti angadudzira sei nokushandisa mitemo inotoshanda. Mapurezidhendiwo anopa zvibvumikiso , izvo kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji zvinotaura tsika kana kuti mutemo, uye masangano, izvo zvakafanana nokuraira asi kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji zvakati. Congration Acts congress congresstionstions kushora mabasa akati ezvoumbicionation mukati mazuva 60 okutonga. Miteve inokata yave inokakava inopesana munhau yose, zvikurukuru apo inoratidzika kuva inopesana nekurukurirano yemitemo.

Nhau Dzokumwe Nesimba Rebvumirano

Purezidhendi ndiye mumiririri mukuru wenyika. Iye anotaurirana zvibvumirano namarudzi okumwe, asi zvibvumirano zvinoda tendero yedare yezvikamu zviviri nezvitatu kuti zvive zvinosungirwa. Kudzivisa muitiro webvumirano unonetesa, Purezidhendi kazhinji kazhinji vanotsamira pa zvibvumirano zvinoparadza [ namamwe marudzi], izvo zvisingadi kuti dare ritendere. Mutungamiriri wehurumende anozivawo hurumende dzokumwe nyika, anogamuchira nhume, uye mufambiro. Nepo Bumbiro remitemo risingapi Sanisita remitemo pamiteveridziro yokumwe, Dare rapamusorosoro rakaziva nzvimbo yakafara yechiremera chapamusoro munhau dzokunze, zvikurukuru apo Purezidhea anoita nokubvumidzwa kwomutemo kana kuti tyisidzirorwa kutyisidzirokanyika yose.

Masimba Ehondo Somukuru Wehondo

Pasi peChikamu II, Chikamu 2, Purezidhendi i Comminer-in-Chief yeUto, Navy, uye mauto ehurumende apo anodanwa mubasa rehurumende. Iri basa rinopa Purezidhendi murairo mukuru wokushanda pamauto ane zvombo. Zvisinei, Constitution inochengeta simba rokuzivisa hondo, kusimudza nokutsigira mauto. Nokufamba kwenguva, vaPrezidhendi vakaisa mauto pasina kuzivisa kwepamutemo kwehondo, vachidudza kuda kuita chiito chekurumidziro kana kuti kudzivirira U. Njodzi. Chisarudzo cheHurumende yeHurumende yehondo] chinoda kuti Purezidhendi azivise mumaawa 48 okudzosa kwematuro kwematuro yehondo (mazuva 30) kutongekuto yehondo isingapfuurwi.

Simba Rinopa Zviratidzo

Purezidhendi ane simba rokupa marapirwo kana kuti kukanganwirwa mhaka dzehurumende (Article II, Chikamu 2), kunze kwezvinoitika zvokusatendeutswa. Simba iri rinodokuva rakakwana: Purezidhendi angakanganwira vanhu vasati vapomerwa, pashure pokupwiswa, kana kuti kunyange pashure pokunge vabatira mutongo wavo. Pardons anogona kuva akazara kana kuti anoganhurirwa, uye anodzorera maruramiro akati akarasika nemhaka yokupwiswa. Mienzaniso isingataurwi inobatanidza kukanganwira kwaPrezidhendi Richard Nixon naPresidenti Carter kwaRitater nokuda kwechience yehondo yeVietnam. Chiremba chirevo ndechimwe chezviremera zvikurusa zvapurezidhendi asingadzoreki, kunyange zvazvo isingagoni kudzivirira munhu kubva mukukwidza mhaka.

Miganhu uye Kuongorora Simba Roupurezidhendi

Masimba aPurezidhendi anovharwa negadziriro yakasimba yokuongorora inobva kuCongress, matare, uye muitiro wezvematongerwe enyika.

Kutarisira Kwedare uye Kudzika Mitemo

Congress inogona kuganhurira chiito chapurezidhendi kupfurikidza nemiitiro inoverengeka. Inogona kupa mutemo unoderedza chiremera chavakuru vakuru, unoda kushuma, kana kuti mirairo yakananga. Inogona kukurira vareyi, kuramba kusimbisa zvirongwa zvapurezidhendi, uye kuramba kutsigira mari nokuda kwezvirongwa zvapurezidhendi kupfurikidza nesimba rechikwama. Dare rinoitisawo nzvero ndokuita kuti vanzwi vasane zviito zvedare. Government Accounbility Office uye vatarisiri vakuru vakuru vezvikwama vanogoverawo kutarisirwa. Apo Purezidhendi anoramba kuwirirana nedare, magakava kazhinji anoguma mudare.

Kuhwirudzura Kutonga

Dare rehurumende, rinotungamirirwa neDare rapamusoro, rine simba rokuhwirudzura zviito zvavakuru vakuru ndokuzvizivisa zvisizvo kana kuti mukuputswa kwomutemo wehurumende. Mu[FLT]][1] Marbury v. Madison[[[FLT]] [185] [1], Dare rakatanga nheyo yehwirudzura maererano nemabasa eDare, uye rawedzera chiremera chacho kubazu revakuru. [FT]

Kurayira

Imba yaVamiririri inogona kupomera Purezidhendi nokuda kwe “Kurangarira, Chiokomuhomwe, kana kuti zvimwe Zvirango zvakakwirira.” Ipapo Dare rinotonga, uye vhoti yezvitatu zviviri inodikanwa kuisa mhaka ndokubvisa Purezidhendi pahofisi. Kudzorwa igadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika, kwete tsotsi, uye inobatira senzvero yokupedzisira pakushandiswa kwakakomba kwesimba. Mapurezidhendi maviri akashorwa neImba (Andrew Clinton, Bill, naDonald Trump kaviri), asi hapana akawanwa ane mhaka uye abviswa. Truptry inogona kudzosanwa mufambiro wapurezidhendi kunyange kana kubviswa kusingabviri.

Kutsigira uye Kubatsira

Purezidhendi angakarakadza bhajeti, asi Congress bedzi inogona kuva nemari yakafanira. Kupa chibvumirano cheConstitution chinopa Dare udzori hweBhishopu, kureva kuti Purezidhendi haagoni kupedza mari pasina mvumo yemitemo. Iyi nzvero ine simba zvikuru munhau dzokunze nedzehondo, apo Chibvumirano chinogona kuganhurira mari nokuda kwemimwe mibato. Indacloment Act ya 1974]

Nhevedzo Yakananga Muukuru

Mirairo yavakuru vakuru yazova chimwe chezvishandiso zvinooneka zvikurusa uye zvinokakavadzana zvesimba rapurezidhendi. Kunyange zvazvo yakavakirwa pabumbiro remitemo muTake Care Claus nebasa raPurezidhendi somusoro webazu guru, haina kuganhurirwa. Murairo wavakuru vakuru uri wose unofanira kududza manyuko echiremera chapamutemo, kungava kubva kuBumbiro remitemo kana kuti mutemo. Idzo dzinogona kudenhwa mudare, uye dzinogona kuchinjwa naPrezidhendi anotevera kana kuti neCongress.

Mienzaniso Yenhau Netapuro Yayo

  • Proclation (1863): Purezidhendi Abraham Lincoln akashandisa masimba ake ehondo somutungamiriri wehondo kuzivisa kuti varanda muMasangano enyika eConfederate vakanga vakasununguka. Nepo isina kusunungura pakarepo varanda vose, yakachinja Hondo yevagari vemo kuva kurwira rusununguko rwomunhu ndokugadzirira nzira yePramendimende yechi13.
  • Murairo wa 90642]: Purezidhendi Franklin D. Roosevelt akabvumira kutama nokudzorwa kwevaJapan vanopfuura 110 000 muHondo Yenyika II. Iyi murairo gare gare yakashurikidzwa sechikanganiso cherusununguko rwavagari vemo uye yakatungamirira kuCivil Liberes Act ya 1988, iyo yakagovera nhevedzano. Inoramba iri muenzaniso unonyevera wesimba rehurumende rehurumende muhondo.
  • DAVERSATS nokuda kwokusvika kwavana (DACA) (2012)[FLT: Purezidhendi Barack Obama akabudisa memorandum achiraira Department of Homeland Security kuti inonokere kudzingwa nokuda kwavatami vasina kunyorwa vakaunzwa kuU.S. savana vakapomerwa mudare, neDare Rapamusorosoro pakupedzisira richitsigira kutendeka kwaro asi richisiya purogiramu iri mungozi kuti idzore. Murayiro unoratidzira kuti chiito chomukuru chinogona sei kukurukura mavambo echibvumirano apo chinenge chatarisanawo nekusatendiswa kwapamutemo.
  • Exective Order 13769 (2017)[FLT:]: Mutungamiriri wehurumende Donald Trump’s “kurambidza kwokusatendeseka” kwavagari vomunyika dzinoverengeka dzechiMuslim namagoma akamutsa denho dzapakarepo dzapamutemo. Pashure pokugadziridzwa kwakawanda, Dare Rapamusoro rakatsigira shanduro yakachinjwa mu [[FLTL:2] trump v. Hawaii[[ (2017), akawana kuti Purezidhendi ane chiremera chikuru pamusoro pokutama nokuchengeteka kwenyika. Mhaka yacho yakasimbiswazve kuti kunyange zviratidzo zvokutungamirira zvinopesana zvinogona kupukunyuka muedzo wedare kana zvakavakirwa pachiremera chedare.

Kunetsa Neganhuriro

Mirairo yavakuru vakuru haigoni kugadzira mitemo mitsva, mari yakafanira, kana kuti kupokanidza mitemo iripo. Inoganhurirwawo nedzidziso ye younyengeri , inoda kuti Dare ripedze “nheyo isingaverengeki” pakugovera chiremera chokugadza simba rokuisa kuMutungamiriri wehurumende. Mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya, vaPrezidhendi pane dzimwe nguva vakashandisa mirayiro yedare kuti vasvike zvinangwa izvo Congressssss yakapfuunding zvakapfuurira, zvichitungamirira kupomero dzemutungamiriri wehurumende. [FLT]] Kunzvera kwoudzori pakati pamakore apfuura.[FLT] Kudzosa pamutemo nemitengo yemirayiridzo yemitengo.

Masimba Enjodzi Nenhamo

Masimba aPurezidhendi anowedzera mukati memigariro yekurumidziro yenyika, asi kunyange ipapo, anodzorwa namasangano apamutemo akagadzirirwa kudzivisa kubatwa zvisina kufanira. Mutemo weNational Emerdiations wa 1976 miitiro yakagadzwa yokuzivisa nokugumisa migariro yakakomba, ichida kuti Purezidhendi aone zviremera zvapamutemo zviri kusimbiswa uye kushuma kuCongress panhambo nenhambo. Pane zvino uno unopfuudza zvinhu zvose zvinoshanda munyika, kubva kuugandanga kusvikira kutyisidziro dzoutano.

Kushandiswa Kweuto Pasina Kutenderwa Nechechi

Mapurezidhendi akaisa kazhinji kazhinji mauto mudzimwe nyika pasina ziviso yapamutemo yehondo , Korea, Vietnam, Balkan, Libya, uye mukurwisana namapoka amagandanga. [[FLT: 0] Masimba eHondo yeYapamhesva inoda Purezidhendi kushuma kuCongress neganhuriro ku 60 (Mazuva 30 okurega) kutoti kana kuti Chibvumirano chikabvumira. Mapurezidhendi mazhinji akarangarira chisarudzo chokusapindira kwechibvumirano pachiremera chavo chemutungamiriri wehurumende, uye kubudirira kwacho kuchiramba. [[FLT:][FLT][F][FLT]

Zvimwe Zviremera Zvekurumidziro

Mukati memigariro inokurumidzira, Purezidhendi angadzoserazve mari yehurumende (pakati pemirairo yakati), anomisa mirau yemhoteredzo kwechinguvana, anoisa hondo kudzorera nhevedzano pasi pe Insrection Act, uye kukumbira kuti Purezidhendi apedze [[[FLT:]] Defensition Act [[FLT]] Act [[FLT]] inobvumira kuti masimba ekurumidziro ashandukire. Zvisinei, Dare rapamusoro ramakurukota risaita kuti kunyange masimba ekurumidziro ashairwe arege kuganhurirwa; [FLT:] vaduku [FF:], Dare reSaucial Act [[FLT] rakaramba chiremera chedare reProlement rePrence rePrence rePrence rePrencessssswourcements] riveritsutsunge nesimba rimwe chete, muvatongedzero, kuti vadzorisorisori.

Simba Risina Kunyorwa uye Risina Kupokanidzwa

Kunze kwezvinopiwa zvakajeka nebumbiro remitemo, Purezidhendi akasimbisa masimba okuwedzera akavakirwa pamuitiro wenhau, chinodikanwa, kana kuti chiremera chinorehwa.

Ropafadzo Yakananga

Chikomborero chapanzvimbo inotungamirirwa chinobvumira Purezidhendi kunyima mashoko kuCongress nematare kudzivirira kuvanza zvakavanzika kwebazu guru. Hachidudzwi zvakajeka muBumbiro reMitemo asi chazivikanwa neDare rapamusorosoro muUnited States v. Nixon [177]), iro raidavira kuti ropafadzo yacho inokwaniriswa uye inofanira kutera kuzvinodikanwa zvepamutemo zvetsotsi. Ropa rinowanzokumbirwa muhondo dzokutarisira, uye basa rayo rinoramba riri nhau yenhau yepamutemo neyezvematongerwe enyika.

Kusaina Kutaura

Mapurezidhendi anosiidzira mashoko pakusaina mutero mumutemo, pane dzimwe nguva kuratidzira kuti havasati vachizoshandisa gadziriro dzakati dzavanorangarira kuva dzisina murairo. Muitiro unovambira shure kuRepublic yapakuvamba asi wazova wakarovedzeka zvikuru munhambo yazvino uno, zvikurukuru pasi paPurezidhendi Reagan, George H.W. Bush, uye George W. Bush. Vatsoropodzi vanopikisa kuti kusaina mashoko kunowirirana nechinhu chimwe kutoti (papo Dare Rapamusoro rakatonga kusasarura) uye kusekesa kuparadza kuparadzana kwamasimba. The American Bar Association yakashurikidza mumamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Hapana dare rakagumisa nenzira yakananga kuva nomutemo wokusaina mashoko kukuru.

Dzikamo Inopfuurira Yesimba

Bazu guru ihofisi inooneka zvikurusa uye ine simba muhurumende yeU.S., asi masimba ayo anosanorangarirwa. Vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo, vanongwarira chirongwa chemitemo, vakavaka gadziriro umo Purezidhendi anogona kuita nenzira yakananga asi kwete nenzira isingazivikanwi. [ mativi nechiyero [ pakati pamapazu matatu, [[FLT]] chivako chedare [[[FLT:]] icho chinochengeta masimba mazhinji kumitengo, uye [[FLT]] kuzvidavirira kwechipomendero chamakuru [[FLT] yenhau] yose inobatira kuchengeta chiremera mukunzvera chiremera. Understatial pakati pezvisingagoni kuita dzidzo yakakwirira na [[FT] dzidzo yedzidzo yedzidzo yegore rinotototoswokutookaidzorwa nokuda kwezvinetso zvemari, kutarisana nedenho zvenyika yose, kupfuurira kurwisana nesimba renyika yose.