Table of Contents

Kupa vamiriri mumwe wemiitiro inokosha zvikurusa mukudzora kwehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Kunobatira sechinhu chikuru chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vanomirira, kuchibvumira vagari vemo kusarudza vanhu vachatsigira fariro dzavo, kuita zvisarudzo zvemiitiro, uye kuumba nhungamiro yehurumende panzvimbo yomunzvimbomo, nyika, uye mwero yorudzi. Kunzwisisa kuti vamiriri vanosarudzwa sei, gadziriro dzakasiana - siana dzokuvhota dzinoshandisa, uye varongi vezvokuvhota vanopa simba vagari vemo kuti vatsigire nomutoo unobudirira zvikuru mumuitiro wehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende ndokuita kuti vakuru vakuru vavo vakasarudzwa vazvidavirirwe.

Iyi nhungamiro yakakwana inonzvera udzame hwakaoma kunzwisisa hwenzira iyo vamiriri vanosarudzwa nayo, kubva munheyo huru dzesarudzo yedemocracy kusvikira kugadziriro dzokuvhota dzakaoma kupfurikidza nedzinoshandiswa munyika yose. Ungave uri muvhoti wokutanga, mudzidzi wehurumende, kana kuti munhu anofarira kunzwisisa muitiro wedemokrase zviri nani, nyaya ino ichakupa zivo inodikanwa kufambisa nzvimbo inosarudzwa noungwaru nechivimbo.

Hwaro Hwoutongi Hwomumiriri

Ubati ushe hwehurumende hunoshanda panheyo yokuti vagari vanosarudza vanhu vamwe navamwe kuti vamiririre fariro dzavo muhurumende panzvimbo pokuita chisarudzo chiri chose kupfurikidza nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yakananga. Iyi tsika inobvumira udzori hunobudirira zvikuru nepo ichiri kuchengeta kuzvidavirira kwehurumende yehurumende. Vamiriri vanobatira senzwi ravamiriri vavo, vachishandurira zvinodikanwa zvakasiana - siana zvavagari vemo muchiito chemitemo nezvisarudzo zvemiitiro.

Pfungwa yokumiririra yakavapo zvinooneka mumazana emakore. Kubva kumaguta eGirisi yekare kusvikira kugadziriro dzeparamende dzemazuva ano, nzira idzo vamiririri vanosarudzwa nadzo dzakanatswa kuti dziratidze kuda kwevanhu. Nhasi, nyika dzakawanda dzinotonga nevanhu dzinosarudza nguva dzose panguva dzakafanorongwa, dzichivimbisa kuti vamiririri vanoramba vachizvidavirira kune vaya vakavasarudza uye hurumende iyoyo inoratidzira pfungwa dzavose dzazvino uno.

Chikonzero Nei Kusarudza Kuchikosha

Sarudzo dzinobatira mabasa mazhinji akakomba muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Dzinogovera maruramiro kuhurumende kupfurikidza nokuva nechokwadi chokuti avo vane simba vane kubvumirano yavadzorwi. Dzinoparira mibato yokuzvidavirira, savamiriri vanokundikana kubatira fariro dzavo vanorasikirwa nenzvimbo dzavo mukusarudza kwakatevera. Kusarudza kunorerutsawo chinjo dzine rugare dzesimba, kuchibvumira chinjo muhurumende pasina masimba masimba kana kuti chinjo.

Kupfuura iyi mibato inoshanda, sarudzo inobatanidza pfungwa yedemocracy yokuti vagari vose vane chisarudzo chakaenzana mukutaura kwavo munzira iyo vanodzorwa nayo. Kupfurikidza nechiito chokuvhota, vanhu vamwe navamwe vanoshandisa maruramiro avo makuru okutora rutivi mukuumba nguva yemberi yenzanga yavo. Uku kugoverana kwoutongi hunobetsera kusimudzira kubatanidzwa kwehurumende yehurumende, kuziva zvamatongerwe enyika, uye pfungwa yokugoverana mutoro nokuda kwezvakanaka zvavose.

Muitiro Wezvemari: Kubva Pakunyoresa Kusvika Pamigumisiro

Rwendo rwokuzivisa ururami hwechokwadi kuenda kutora nzvimbo runobatanidza matanho akawanda, rimwe nerimwe rakagadzirirwa kuva nechokwadi chokururamisira, kujeka, uye kuva pamutemo.

Kunyoresa Nemari

Mugadziriro zhinjisa dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, vagari vemo vanofanira kunyoresa kuti vavhote vasati vagona kutora rutivi musarudzo. Kunyoresa kwechikwata kunobatira madonzo anoverengeka: kunobetsera vakuru vasarudzo kugadzira mapepa evondi akarurama, kunodzivisa kubiridzira kupfurikidza nokubvumikisa kuva vatendi vakakodzera, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti vanogamuchira vavhoti vanogamuchira zvitsama zvakafanira nokuda kworuwa rwavo. Zvinodikanwa zvokunyoresa zvinosiana nehurumende asi zvikurukuru zvinobatanidza chibvumikiso chounziri, kugara, uye zvinodikanwa zvezera.

Kunyoresa kwacho kwazova nyore munyika dzakawanda, zvichienderana nezvingaitwa kuti zvinyoreswe paIndaneti, kunyoreswa kwehurumende, uye kunyoreswa kwezuva rimwe chete panzvimbo dzokuvhota. Kuchinja uku kunovavarira kuderedza zvipingamupinyi kuti vasaite vova nechokwadi chokuti vagari vemo vose vakakodzera vanogona kushandisa kodzero yavo yokuvhota.

Kukwidza Uye Kuronga

Vavhoti vasati vagona kusarudza vamiriri vavo, vada kutevera vanofanira kutanga vapinda munhangemutange. Mune dzimwe nyika, mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika anoita basa guru mukusarudza vanoda kupfurikidza neporimeji kana kuti kokorodzano dzemapati. Mudzimwe, vanoda kutora vangamhanya savanozvimirira kana kuti kutarisana nemhinganidzo shomanene kukuoneka muvhota.

Nhimbe dzemazuva ano dzinosanganisira mubatanidzwa wakaoma wemabasa anosanganisira kuoneka kwevanhu vose, nharo, kushambadza, kuronga midzi, uye kuwedzera, kubuda mumakombiyuta nemasangano enzanga neIndaneti. Mitemo yemari, inosiyana zvikuru nehurumende, inoedza kudzikamisa kutaura kwakasununguka nezvinonetsa nezvemari mune zvematongerwe enyika.

Kukanda Mabharati

Chiito chaichoicho chokuvhota chinogona kuva nezvimiro zvakawanda muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzapanguva imwe cheteyo. Kuvhota kwakakurumbira panzvimbo dzokuvhota pazuva resarudzo kunoramba kuri kwakakurumbira, asi miganhu mizhinji yakakudza zvisarudzo kubatanidza kuvhota kwapakuvamba, matsamba, uye kuvhota kwapamusha. Iyi vavariro yokuwedzera kuwanikwa nokugarisa vavhoti vangatarisana nechinetso chokuvhota pazuva rakati nemhaka yebasa, kufamba, urema, kana kuti mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.

Marongedzero ebharuti amene irangariro inokosha, sezvo marobhoti akagadzirwa zvisina kurongwa anogona kutungamirira kuzvikanganiso zvevoti nemigumisiro yakapokanidzwa. Marobhoti azvino uno angava akavakirwa papepa, pamagetsi, kana kuti mubatanidzwa wezvose zviri zviviri, nekurukurirano dzinopfuurira pamusoro pechengeteko nokuvimbika kwemichina yokuvhota yakasiana- siyana. Pasinei zvapo nomutoo, nheyo huru inoramba iri imwe cheteyo: kuvimbisa kuti muvhoti mumwe nomumwe anogona kukanda bhotera ravo pachivande uye kuti aiverengere zvakarurama.

Kuverenga Nokunyora Tsamba

Chikamu ichi chinosanganisira kunyatsoongorora mavhota, kazhinji kacho anenge aine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonyatsoratidza kuti akarurama. Vacherechedzi vezvirongwa zvakasiyana - siyana kana kuti masangano anozvimirira vangaongorora kuverengwa kwemavhoti kuti vawedzere kuvimba nevanhu.

Kana nhamba yokutanga yangokwana, migumisiro inowanzovapo kana vakuru vakuru vesarudzo vachinyatsoongorora migumisiro yacho. Mumagandanga akavharwa, kuongorora kungangoerekana kwaitwa kana kuti kukumbirwa nevanoda kutevedzana. Muitiro wose unogadzirirwa kudzikamisa kudiwa kwemigumisiro yakakodzera nguva nokukosha kwokururama uye kuperera mukusarudza kuti ndiani achamiririra vanhu.

Kunzwisisa Maitiro Okushandisa Akasiyana

Nzira iyo vhoti dzinoshandurwa nayo muzvigaro inogona kutapura zvikuru miuyo inosarudzwa norudzi rwokumirira. Gadziriro dzakasiana - siana dzokuvhota dzinoumba mipimo yakasiana - siana nezvinotanga, kuvambira pakupfava nokusasarura kusvikira kukuenzana nokubatanidza. Kunzwisisa iyi miitiro kunokosha nokuda kwokunzwisisa kuti kumirira kwoudioruzhinji zvomenemene kunoshanda sei mukushanda.

Chokutanga-Past-the Post (Platurality Voting)

Kutanga-kare-post, inozivikanwawo sezvizhinji zvokuvhota, ndeimwe yegadziriro dzezvisarudzo dzakapfava zvikurusa uye dzinoshandiswa zvikuru. MuUnited States, nyika dzine makumi mana nenhanhatu dzakashandisa gadziriro yokutanga-kare-pasipo yokuvhotera kuti itsaure vamiriri vadzo mujaho 2024. Mutsika ino, muvhoti anowana mavhoti akawanda muruwa anowana chigaro, pasinei zvapo kana vachiwana voruzhinji.

Betsero huru yekutanga kusimudzwa ndeyekupfava kwako nokunzwisisa. Voters vanongosarudza bedzi mukwikwidzani mumwe, uye muvhoti anohwina. Iyi nzira yakananga inowanzoparira vakundi vakajeka uye inoda mapati makuru, akatangwa, anogona kubetsera kudzikamiswa kwehurumende. Gadziriro inochengetawo batano yakananga pakati pavamiriri nenzvimbo dzakananga, sezvinosarudza mumiriri mumwe nomumwe weruwa.

Zvisinei, kutanga kunyora pasi pedare rine migumisiro inokosha. Inogona kuguma apo mukwikwidzi anogamuchira zvishoma ruzhinji rwevhoti, sezvinobvira achisiya vavhoti vazhinji vasingapiwi. Gadziriro yacho inokombamirawo ku "vhoti dzinogamuchirwa," umo vhoti dzavanoda kurasikirwa dzisina pesvedzero paruvara rwokupedzisira rwechirongwa chehurumende. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kumigariro apo boka rinowana ruzhinji rwezvigaro pasina kuwina voti yakakurumbira, ichimutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pokuva mumiriri wehurumende inovapo.

Kumirira Kuitwa

Kumirira kwechikamu ichi igadziriro inosarudzwa inosarudza vamiririri vakawanda muruwa rumwe norumwe zvichienderana nenhamba yevanhu vanovavhotera, saka kana chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevavhoti vachidzoka shure pabato rezvematongerwe enyika, vanoda kukwidza mudanho racho vanohwina inenge chikamu chimwe chezvigaro. Kumirira kwechikamu ndicho chirongwa chezvisarudzo chakakurumbira zvikurusa pakati pehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu munyika yose.

Nheyo huru yokumirira kuenzana ndeyokuti kuparadzirwa kwezvigaro mudare remitemo kunofanira kuratidzira kuparadzirwa kwamavhoti pakati pebato kana kuti vada. Chinangwa chegadziriro dzakadaro ndechokuti vhoti dzose dzinovhota, kana kuti zvimwe mwero mukuru, dzinoshandiswa kusarudza mumwe munhu uye kuti mumiriri mumwe nomumwe mugungano anosarudzwa nenhamba inodokuenzana yevhota. Iyi nzira inopesana zvikuru negadziriro dzose dzinowana, umo kana mutengi akahwina 51 muzana yevhoti, anohwina 100 muzana yezvikamu.

Gadziriro dzokumirira dzinouya mumhatsa dzinoverengeka. Kumirira mubatanidzwa weboka zvichida ndiko kwakakurumbira zvikurusa, uko vavhoti vanosarudza panzvimbo pavadaviri, uye zvigaro zvinogoverwa kumativi pachivakirwa pavhoti yavo. Mukati memarota, mune kumwe kusiana pakati pendaza dzakavharwa, apo mubato unosarudza nhevedzano yavada kutendi, uye ndaza dzakazaruka, apo vavhoti vanogona kupesvedzera avo vanovhota pabato.

Betsero dzokumirira kuwirirana dzinobatanidza ratidzirwo yakarurama zvikuru yezvisarudzo zvezvisarudzo mugadziriro yezvirongwa zvemitemo, kuderedza mavhoti akapambadzwa, uye kumirira kuri nani kwemirangariro miduku nemapoka maduku. Kusafanana nokuwana zvose, mumimiririri inowirirana, mapoka mazhinjisa anowanzova nevakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vanomiririra murangariro wavo muhurumende. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kumitemo yakasiana- siyana zvikuru uye inobatanidza izvo zvinomirira zviri nani mwero yose yemurangariro wezvamatongerwe enyika munzanga.

Vatsoropodzi vemireza inowirirana vanotaura kuti kunogona kutungamirira kudzimba dzomutemo dzakakamukana nemapoka maduku akawanda, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuumba hurumende dzakatsiga. Kungaderedzawo batano yakananga pakati pavamiriri nehurumende dzakananga dzepasi, sezvo vamiriri vanowanzosarudzwa mumaruwa makuru, maduku - duku kana kuti mapoka emapoka panzvimbo imwe neimwe.

Kugadzira Mazai

Kuvhota kwapakarepo, kunozivikanwawo sevhota kwapakarepo kana kuti kuvhota, kunomirira nzvimbo yapakati pakati pemiitiro yakapfava yezvizhinji nemirariro inowirirana. Kuvhota kwapakarepo kwakashandiswa muruwa mbiri (Alaska neMaine) muna 2024 U.S. Sarudzo yepaimba. Mutsika ino, vavhoti vatsvaki venzvimbo yezvido panzvimbo pokusarudza imwe chete.

Muitiro wokuverenga kuvhota kwakarongwa unoshanda kupfurikidza nokubvisa. Kana pasina muvhoti wokutanga wepareference, mutsigiri ane vhoti shomanene dzokutanga anobviswa. Kana muvhoti wokutanga akasvika pakupedzisira, muvhoti anobviswa uye vhoti inosarudzwa inoda muvhoti mumativi anotevera. Muitiro uyu unopfuurira kusvikira muvhoti mumwe awana voruzhinji.

Kuvhota kwapachivande kunopa betsero dzinoverengeka. Kunovimbisa kuti vanohwina vane tsigiro huru zvikuru, sezvo vanofanira pakupedzisira kuwana voruzhinji panzvimbo pokuva vazhinji chete. Kunogona kuderedza nhimbe yakashata, sezvo vanoda kukwikwidza vane sundo dzokukumbira kuvatsigiri vavamwe vadaviri nokuda kwokuvhota kwechipiri. Gadziriro inobvisawo "muuyo wechimuko," apo vaparidziro vakafanana vanokamura vhoti ndokubvumira mutsivi akakurumbira zvishoma kuwina.

Apo kunoshandiswa mumaruwa ane mitezo mizhinji, kuvhota kwakarongwa kunogona kuparira miuyo inowirirana kupfurikidza negadziriro inonzi Vote Inopfuudzwa Yoga (STV). Vhoti imwe inotamiswa igadziriro yavanachiremba vakawanda umo muvhoti mumwe nomumwe anovhota muchimiro chebhora rakarongwa, uye vhoti dzingatsiviwa mukuwirirana nezvisarudzo kana mudavi wavo akabviswa kana kuti akasarudzwa nezvivhoti zvakasara. STV inovavarira kusvika kumufananidzo wemipimo wakavakirwa pamavhoti anokandwa muruwa umo inoshandiswa.

Zvisinei, nepo kuvhota kwakarongwa nokumirira kwakaenzana zvichiwirirana, iko kuchinjawo kwakasiana. Kuvhota kwapachimbindi muruwa rumwe ruchiri kuparira kutora mugumisiro wose unowana, nepo kuvhota kwakarongwa kwakarongwa mumaruwa ane mitezo mizhinji kunogona kuwana ratidziro yakaganhurirwa.

Masangano Emaoreta Akasangana

Dzimwe nyika dzinoshandisa gadziriro dzevhiyi dzakavhengana dzinobatanidza matemu emiitiro yakasiana. MMP yakavhengana, inoshandiswa munyika dzakadai seGermany neNew Zealand, inobvumira vavhoti kuvhota: imwe nokuda kwomumiriri woruwa womunzvimbomo uye imwe nokuda kwebato. Vhoti inosarudza goverano yezvigaro zvose, nepo zvimwe zvigaro zvakazadzwa navawini voruwa. Uku kuedza kubatanidza betsero dzemimirimo yomunzvimbomo nemiuyo inowirirana.

Dzimwe nzira dzemavhenganiswa dzinosanganisira kuvhota, uko zvimwe zvigaro zvinopiwa nokuvhota zvakawanda uye zvimwe nokumiririra zvinhu zvakasiyana, asi masangano maviri aya anoshanda oga pane kubatanidzwa semuMMP.

Maruwa Nemifananidzo

Nzira iyo maruwa anosarudzwa nayo ane revo huru nokuda kwemiuyo inosarudzwa. Miganhu yoruwa inosarudza kuti vavhoti vaibatanidzwa pamwe chete nokuda kwedonzo ravamiriri vanosarudzwa, uye aya mapoka anogona kutapura zvikuru kuti vada kuhwinai uye kuti mapoka api anowana simba.

Muitiro Wokuderedza

Nyika dzose dzine maruwa akawanda dzinoda kuongorora maruwa adzo pashure pekunge averengwa kwemakore 2020, dzinofanira kuongorora mepu dzadzo dzoga dzoga pashure pekunge vanhu vatanga kuwanda, uye muna 2024, nyika dzakawanda dzakashandisa maruwa akaumbwa mudenderedzwa rokuverenga vanhu ra2020.

Gadziriro yokudzosa inosiyana kupfurikidza nehurumende. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoshandisa mabasa akazvimirira kunyora miganhu yoruwa, nepo dzimwe dzichisiyira basa kuvagari vehurumende. Mutoo unoshandiswa unogona kuva nesimba guru reruramisiro nemiririri wamaruwa anovapo, sezvo avo vanonyora mitsetse vangava nesundo dzokuda mapoka akati kana kuti mapoka.

Kuvhima Kwaro

Gerrymandering inonongedzera kukuchinja kwemiganhu yoruwa kuti itsigire fariro dzakati dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Uyu muitiro unogona kuva nezvimiro zvinoverengeka, kubatanidza "kuisa" vavhoti vanoshora mumaruwa mashomanene kuderedza pesvedzero yavo kune dzimwe nzvimbo, kana kuti ku "vadzideredza" mumaruwa akawanda kuti vaderedze simba ravo rokuvhota. Mepu dzakachinja kana kuti dzaizochinja munyika dzinoverengeka, kazhinji nemhaka yedenho dzapamutemo dzinoitwa pahwaro hwezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti dzinza.

Gadziriro dzinoda kukunda dzose dzinotapurwa nechenhando, sezvo kuchinjwa kwemiganhu yoruwa kuchigona kuva nemiuyo inopfuura apo mumiriri mumwe bedzi anosarudzwa paruwa rumwe. Uku kusawirirana kwakatungamirira kudenho dzapamutemo dzakawanda nekurukurirano dzinopfuurira pamusoro pokuva nechokwadi chemiganhu yoruwa yakarurama.

Miuyo yokudzorwa kwemiuyo yechisarudzo chapakarepo. Maruwa eGerrymandered anogona kuderedza makwikwi ezvisarudzo, sezvo zvigaro zvakakotsekana zvinodzivisa vamiririri vanodenha uye zvinoderedza sundo dzokuti vamiriri vagamuchire kumativi ose. Vanogonawo kuparira nhevedzano yezvamatongerwe enyika, sezvo vamiririri vanobva mumaruwa akakotsekana vangatarisana nedzvinyiriro huru kubva kuvavhoti vakuru vepfungwa pakunyanyisa kupfuura kubva kuvavhoti vehurumendewose.

Chirevo Nemifananidzo Zveruwa

Chirevo cheruwa ($nhamba yavamiriri vakasarudzwa muruwa rumwe norumwe) ndicho chinhu chinokosha mukusarudza kuti miuyo yenzvero yenhamba ichava yakadini. Maruwa enhengo imwe chete, kupfurikidza nerondedzero, haagoni kubereka miuyo yakaenzana, sezvo boka rimwe bedzi kana kuti mutevedzeri anogona kuwina chigaro chimwe nechimwe. Maruwa mazhinji, nenzira inopesana, anobvumira miuyo yakawanda yakaenzana, namaruwa makuru anowanzoita miuyo yakawanda.

Chinenge zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvavaiti vemitemo yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu venyika zvinosarudzwa zvichishandisa mireza yemitemo yetsika, uye gadziriro dzePR dzose dzinoratidzira maruwa ane mitezo mizhinji umo mutevedzeri womutemo mumwe nomumwe anosarudza kupfuura mumiriri mumwe. Ukuru hweidzi nyika hahusati huchitapura bedzi kuva nomwero asiwo rudzi rwemireza, sezvo maruwa makurusa anganetesa batano pakati pavamiriri vamwe navamwe nenzanga dzakananga.

Kubvuma uye Kupa Kodzero

Kunyange zvazvo zvinodiwa zvakananga zvichisiyana nenyika uye utongi, masangano akawanda ehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu anogoverana nheyo dzakati dzinozivikanwa navose pamusoro pokuva nekodzero yokuvhota.

Zvinodikanwa Zvezera

Dzinenge hurumende dzose dzinosarudzwa nevanhu dzakagadza zera rokuvhota, rinowanzova nemakore 18 okukura.Pazera rino panoratidza kutonga pamusoro penguva apo vanhu vanenge vakura zvakakwana uye vachikanganisa nzanga kuti vatorewo zvisarudzo zvokuvhota. Dzimwe nyika dzakaedza nenguva dzakaderera dzokuvhota nokuda kwezvimwe zvisarudzo, uye vatsigiri vachipikisa kuti vagari vaduku vanotapurwa nezvisarudzo zvematongerwe enyika uye vanofanira kuva nenzwi rokuzviita.

Somuenzaniso, muUnited States, zera rokuvhota rakaderera kubva pa21 kusvika ku18 kusvika kuGaramende rechi26 muna 1971, zvimwe zvichipindura nharo dzokuti vaya vakura zvakakwana kuti vashande muchiuto vanofanira kukwanisa kuvhota. iyi mhindumupindu inoratidza kuchinja maonero enzanga pamusoro pougari hwemo, kukura, uye kutora rutivi mune zvematongerwe enyika.

Kuva Mugari Wemo Nokuva Mugari Wemo

Ugari hwemunyika chinodikanwa zvikurukuru chokuvhota musarudzo yenyika, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nharaunda dzichibvumira vagari vapasi vasingagari kuti vavhote musarudzo yomunzvimbomo. Zvinodikanwa zvokuvhota zvinovimbisa kuti vavhoti vave nebatano yechokwadi nenzanga yavanoda kuvhota ndokudzivisa vanhu kuvhota mumitemo mizhinji.

Zvinodikanwa chaizvo zvokugara zvinosiyana, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinoda bedzi kuti vavhoti vagare munzvimbo yavose pazuva resarudzo, nepo vamwe vachiisa nhambo dzekugara kwenguva refu. izvi zvinodikanwa zvinofanira kudzikamisa nharidzano yokuva nechokwadi chebatano yenzanga yechokwadi nokudikanwa kwokubvisa zviverengero zvezvifambiso, zvakadai savadzidzi, vashandi vehondo, uye avo vanotama kazhinji kazhinji nokuda kwebasa.

Indai yejeti Nokusimbisa

Zviratidzo zvakawanda zvinoda vavhoti kupa chiziviso apo kuvhota, kunyange zvazvo zvinodikanwa chaizvo zvichisiyana zvikuru. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinogamuchira zvinyorwa zvakafara, nepo zvimwe zvichida zvimiro zvakati zvokuzivisa mifananidzo. izvi zvinodikanwa zvinovavarira kudzivisa kubiridzira uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti mavhoti anofanirwa anokandira bedzi.

Zvisinei, zvinodikanwa zvezvibvumirano zvevhoti zvinoramba zvichikakavadzana, nenharo dzinonanga pakuti zvinodzivisa utsotsi nenzira inobudirira here kana kuti panzvimbo pezvo dzinoita mhinganidzo dzinotapura nomutoo usingaenzaniswi mapoka akati avavhoti. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti zvinodikanwa zvechiID zvakasimba zvinogona kushatisa vavhoti vasina magwaro anodikanwa, zvikurukuru vakwegura, vashomanene, uye vagari vemo vanowana mari yakaderera. Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti zvinodikanwa zvine mufungo zviri madikanwa kuchengeta perero yechisarudzo uye chivimbo chavose mumiuyo yesarudzo.

Kudzorerwa Kwekodzero Kunozivisa

Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoparadza zvachose vaya vane mhosva, dzimwe dzinodzorera kodzero dzavo kana vapedza kutonga, uye dzimwe dzinobvumira vanhu vakasungwa kuvhota. Mitemo iyi inomutsa mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pokuva mugari wemo, chirango, uye kugadziriswa, nenharo dzinoramba dzichiitwa pamusoro pokuti kodzero dzokuvhota dzinofanira kudzorerwa here uye rini kana vane mhosva.

Basa Remapati Ezvamatongerwe Enyika

Mapoka ezvematongerwe enyika anoita basa guru mugadziriro dzakawanda zvikurusa dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, achibatira senhevedzo pakati pavagari vemo nehurumende.

Mativi eBoka Muzvisarudzo

Mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika anoita mabasa anokosha anoverengeka mumiitiro yevhota. Anoita mavhoti navanosarudzwa, achigovera vavhoti nezvisarudzo zvakanangidzirwa nameso uye kuderedza ndyiko dzamashoko dzinoda kuongororwa navanhu vamwe navamwe. Mapati anosimudzira nokusimudzira zviteshi zvemitemo, achipa vavhoti pfungwa yezvichaiswa pakutanga kana vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa kana vapiwa simba. Vanorongawo nhimbe, vanovhota, uye vanogovera zviwanikwa uye vanotsigira vanoda kufunda.

Kupfuura aya mabasa okusarudza, mapoka anobatira samauto anoronga mukati medzimba dzomutemo, achironga zviito zvavakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa uye achitsigira kuumbwa kwemibatanidzwa inodzora. iri basa resangano rinokosha zvikurukuru mugadziriro dzeparamende, umo mano okuumba nokuchengeta voruzhinji vanodzora anotsamira pabatira pamwe yebato nokubatira pamwe.

Masangano Eboka Nemigumisiro Yacho

Nhamba norudzi rwemabato ezvamatongerwe enyika mugadziriro ye "partesy"" iri pedyosa negadziriro yevhota inoshandiswa. Gadziriro yokutanga-yokunyora nyora dzinokombamira kutsigira gadziriro mbiri dzemativi, sezvo mapoka maduku anoparapatika kuwina zvigaro uye vavhoti vangapinda mukuvhota kwapamutemo kudzivisa "kuvhota" vavhoti pavakundi vasingakanwi. Gadziriro dzemifananidzo dzeProportion, dzinopesana, dzinotsigira gadziriro dzezvikamu zvizhinji, sezvo mapoka maduku anogona kuwana zvigaro negoverano revota zvine mwero.

Gadziriro yebato inotapura kudzora munzira dzinokosha. Gadziriro mbiri dzingaparira hurumende dzakatsiga zvikuru nokuzvidavirira kwakajeka, sezvo vavhoti vanogona kupa nyore nyore chikwereti kana kuti mhaka nokuda kwokushanda kwehurumende. Masangano mazhinji angapa vavhoti zvisarudzo zvakawanda uye kuratidzirwa kuri nani kwemirangariro yakasiana-- siyana, asi anogonawo kutungamirira kuhurumende dzine mibatanidzwa umo mutoro unopfuudzwa zvikuru uye miuyo inotsamira pakurukurirano dzepost recommons pakati pemapoka.

Kusarudza Kunokosha Nokusarudza

Nzira iyo mapati anosarudza nayo vadaviri vavo inosiana zvikuru muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu. MuUnited States, sarudzo huru inobvumira mitezo yebato (uye pane dzimwe nguva vavhoti vose) kusarudza vaminei, kupa pesvedzero inokosha vagariwo zvavo pamusoro pokusarudza vadaviri. Dzimwe nyika dzinoshandisa kokorodzano dzepapati, mapati, kana kuti miitiro yemibato kusarudza vadaviri, nemisiano yakasiana - siana yokutora rutivi mitezo.

Kusarudza kunotapura marudzi avada kutora vanofamba ndokuhwina sarudzo. Miitiro yakawanda yakazaruka ingaparira vada kuratidzira zviri nani zvisarudzo zvavatsigiri vebato, asi vanogonawo kuda vadaviri nokuzivikanwa nezita kana kuti kutsigira mano kupfuura avo vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwokutonga kana kuti unyanzvi hwemiitiro. Gadziriro yokusarudza nomutoo wokuda kubatanidzwa kwedemocracy, konesiyo yepati, uye kunaka kwavada kubatanidzwa.

Kuronga Mari Nokubudirira

Mitemo yezvemari yemukakavadzano inoedza kudzikamisa mipimo yemibato yezvemari inokwikwidza: kutaura kwakasununguka nokutora rutivi mune zvematongerwe enyika, kururamisira uye mukana wakaenzana, uye kudzivisa uori kana kuti pesvedzero isina kufanira inoitwa nefariro dzakapfuma.

Kwakabva Nhimbe Yokutsigira

Kubatanidzwa kwemari kunobatsira vaya vanogona kuita makwikwi uye vanogona kupesvedzera kuti zvinhu zvipi zvinokosha zvinonyanya kukosha zvavanenge vachida kuronga uye kuti vaichinje.

Miganhu yomupiro mumwe nomumwe, uko iyo iri, inovavarira kudzivisa vapi vapfumi kuva nepesvedzero isingaenzaniswi nepo vachingobvumira vagari vemo kutsigira vadariro. Gadziriro dzemari dzavose, dzinoshandiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo, dzinoedza kuenzanisa nzvimbo yokutamba kupfurikidza nokugovera mari yehurumende kuvada kusvitsa mipimo yakati, dzichideredza ukoshi hwemari yokupa yapachivande uye dzinoita kuti kuve nyore nokuda kwavanoda kufunda pasina batano dzakapfuma kuti vaite makwikwi.

Mushonga Nokuona Zvakareruka

Kupa mari yokuzivisa kwemipiro kunoda kuti vanoda uye vapari vepo vanyore manyuko avo okushandisa mari nendyiko.Idzi nhanho dzokuona dzinobvumira vavhoti kuona kuti ndiani ari kutsigira mune zvemari, angagona kuratidza rwisano dzefariro kana kuti pesvedzero isina kufanira.

Zvisinei, kubudirira kwezvinodikanwa zvokuzivisa kunotsamira pakuti mashoko acho anosvika sei uye anonzwisisika kuvavhotiwo zvavo. Gadziriro dzokushuma dzakaoma kana kuti kunonoka kuziviswa dzingaganhurira tapuro inoshanda yezvinodikanwa zvokuona, nepo kushuma kwenguva chaiyo namasero eshamwari anogona kuwedzera kuziva vanhu nezvemitoo yemari yenhimbe.

Mibayiro Yokuzvimirira Nemapoka Asiri

Kupfuura mipiro yakananga kuvada kusarudzwa, ndyiko yezvamatongerwe enyika inogona kuitika kupfurikidza nendyiko dzakazvimirira nemapoka okunze asina kutsinhiraniswa nenzira yakarongwa nenhimbe.

Kumuka kwendyiko dzinozvimirira kunomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pokushanda kwemiganhu yemipiro uye kuoneka kwemari inoshandiswa mune zvematongerwe enyika. Nepo vanoda kuzivisa vapi vavo, mapoka anozvimirira angatarisana nezvinodikanwa zvishoma zvokuzivisa, uye manyuko makuru okushandisa mari angavanzwa nezvivako zvesangano zvakaoma. iyi mhindu munhimbe yemari yenhimbe yakanyandura gakava rinopfuurira pamusoro pokuva nechokwadi chokuti mururamiro wokusarudza ndokudzivisa ushati apo inoitira maruramiro okutaura akasununguka.

Kutarisira Kusarudza Nokutendeseka

Kutarisirwa kunoshanda kwesarudzo(___kunyoresa kwokuvhota, kuvhiya nzvimbo, kuverenga mavhoti, uye kusimbisa migumisiro inokosha — kunokosha nokuda kwokuva nechokwadi chokuti migumisiro yokuvhota yakarurama inoratidzira zvisarudzo zvomuvhoti uye kuti vagari vemo vane chivimbo mumuitiro wehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Vakuru Vakuru Vebasa Rokusarudza Nokutarisira

Kutarisirwa kwesarudzo kunowanzobatwa navakuru vakuru vehurumende pamwero yakasiana- siyana, kubva kumasangano esarudzo enyika kusvikira kumasangano esarudzo omunzvimbomo. kuzvimirira nounyanzvi zvaava vakuru vakuru kunokosha mukuchengeta perero yesarudzo. Mudzimwe gadziriro, vakuru vakuru vamasarudzo vanogadzwa kupfurikidza nemiitiro isina mativi okuderedza pesvedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika, nepo mudzimwe ivo vanosarudzwa kana kuti kugadzwa navakuru vakuru vakuru vanodzorwa.

Kutarisira, kubatanidza vacherechedzi vesarudzo vanobva kumasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika, masangano anoongorora akazvimirira, uye vacherekedzi vamarudzi ose, vanogovera dziviriro dzokuwedzera nokuda kweperero yechisarudzo. ava vacherekedzi vanogona kuziva zvinetso, kudzivisa kubiridzira, uye kukudza chivimbo chavanhu mumiuyo yokusarudza kupfurikidza nokugovera kuva nechokwadi chakazvimirira kwegadziriro yacho.

Kuchengeteka Kwebharuti Nokuverenga

Kuongorora kuti mavhoti akachengeteka uye anoverengwa zvakarurama zvinokosha kuti pave nourongwa hwekusarudza. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuchengetedza mapepa, kudzivirira makombiyuta pakombiyuta nokuda kwegadziriro dzokuvhota dzemagetsi, uye nzira dzokungwarira dzokutakura nokuchengeta mabhora. Zvikamu zvemitemo yokuchengetera kodzero yemwana kubva pakudhinda kusvika pakuverenga kuti zvisakanganisa kana kurasikirwa.

Gadziriro yokuverenga kunobatanidza nhano dzakawanda dzokuva nechokwadi, kubatanidza kuyanana kwenhamba yamavhoti anoiswa nenhamba yavavhoti vakanzvera, kuenzaniswa kwenhamba dzemichina nenhamba dzemichina munhamba dzemichina, uye miitiro yokupedza kusawirirana. Iyi dziviriro dzinovavarira kuva nechokwadi chokuti miuyo yakashumwa inoratidzira mabhii nenzira yakarurama, nepo ichigoverawo miitiro yokuziva nokururamisa zvikanganiso.

Kupinda Nokubatana

Vanotarisira vasarudzo vazvino uno vanosimbisa nenzira inowedzera kuwanikwa, vachivimbisa kuti vavhoti vose vakakodzera vanogona kutora rutivi pasinei zvapo nokuremara, mhinganidzo dzomutauro, kana kuti zvimwe zvinetso.

Kutora matanho okupinda kunoratidza nheyo yokuti kodzero dzokuvhota dzine zvadzinoreva kana vagari vemo vachigona kuishandisa chaizvoizvo.

Zvinetso Zvinouya Panguva Ino uye Kuchinja Zvinhu

Kunzwisisa nyaya idzi dzepanguva ino kunobatsira kunzwisisa kuti kusarudza kunoitwa nevanhu kunoramba kuchichinja sei.

Kuchinja Nokutora Rutivi

Voter reverpout inosiana zvikuru mumibatanidzwa yehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu uye sarudzo, nedzimwe nyika dzichiona nhambo nguva dzose inopfuura 80% apo dzimwe dzinorwisa kuwana 50% yokutora rutivi. Kudzoka kunomutsa funganyo pamusoro pokumirira miuyo yevhota uye utano hwebvumirano yedemokrati. Zvisarudzo zvinotapura zvinobatanidza makwikwi esarudzo, kusununguka kwokuvhota, ukoshi hunorangarirwa hwesarudzo, uye mitoo mikuru yebvumirano yehurumende.

Nhamburiko dzokuwedzera kuvhota dzinobatanidza kuita kuvhota kwakakodzera zvikuru kupfurikidza nokuvhota kwapakuvamba nokuvhota nokunyoresa mutsamba, kunyoresa kwokuzvidira kwomuvhoti, kuita kuti zuva resarudzo rive zororo, uye mune dzimwe nyika, mitemo yokuvhota inomanikidzirwa. iyi chinjo inoratidzira rondedzero dzakasiana - siana pamusoro pechikonzero nei kuvhotera kwakaderera uye kuti matanhoi angawedzera nenzira inobudirira kutora rutivi pasina kubvumiranisa pane zvisina kufanira perero.

Kuchinja Kukuru Kwegadziriro Yezvinhu

Masangano akawanda ari kurangarira kana kuti kushandisa chinjo kugadziriro dzawo dzevhota. Kuchinja uku kunovambira pakuchinja kwakaderera zvikuru, kwakadai sokugamuchira kuvhota kwakarongwa mumativi mamwe, kuenda kukugadziridzazve kukuru, kwakadai sokubva kumavambo enguva yakapfuura kuenda kumireza. Nhamburiko dzechinjo dzinowanzobva mukusagutsikana negadziriro dzazvino uno, zvingava nemhaka yefunganyo pamusoro pomufananidzo, mamiriro okunze, kana kuti zvimwe zvinetso zvinofungwa.

Izvi zvinoita kuti kuchinja kuve kwakaoma, sezvo vaya vanobatsirwa negadziriro iripo iye zvino vangadzivisa kuchinja kungaita kuti vasabudirira. Kuchinja kunobudirira kunowanzoda kuti pave nezvibvumirano, kumanikidza kwevanhu, kana kuti mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika asina kujairika anoita kuti mukana wokuchinja ushande.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nezvisarudzo

Kuchinja uku kuri kuita zvinhu zvakadai sokushandisa nzira dzemagetsi pakuvhota, kunoitwa nemichina yokuvhota paIndaneti, kunopa kubatsira kunobatsira, kusanganisira kushanda zvakanaka, kuvandudza kuwanika, uye kuvimbisana kunoitwa nevavhoti.

Kudzikamiswa kwebetsero dzeruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu nokuchengeteka kunoramba kuri chinetso chinopfuurira, nehurumende dzakawanda dzinogamuchira mitoo yezvirongwa zvesarudzo inobatanidza kushanda zvakanaka kwemichina yokuvhota, mapepa okuvhota, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakutsigira.

Kusazivisa Neperero Yakakwana

Kupararira kwamashoko enhema kana kuti anotsausa pamusoro pesarudzo, vanoda kusarudzwa, uye muitiro wokuvhota umene kunopa denho nokuda kwokuita chisarudzo chedemocracy. Diformation inogona kuva nezvimiro zvakawanda, kubva mukutaura kwenhema pamusoro penzvimbo dzinoda kurongerwa kusvikira kurondedzero pamusoro petsoropodzo. Mabudiro enhau enzanga azova zviteshi zvikuru zvenhau nokuda kwokusarurwa kwenhau, achibvumira mashoko enhema kupararira nokukurumidza uye zvakafara.

Kutaura mashoko asina kururama nepo kuri pamusoro pekutaura kwakasununguka kudzikamiswa. Approates inobatanidza nhano dzokunzvera maidi, dzidzo yokunyora nenhau, zvirongwa zvechikuva zvinorwisana namarudzi akati emashoko enhema, uye zvinodikanwa zvokuoneka nokuda kwokuzivisa kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Kushanda kweidzi nhano kunoramba kuchikurukurwa, sezvinoita basa rakafanira rehurumende, makambani avanhu, uye nzanga yavagari vemo mukurwisa kupesana nemashoko.

Maonero Anoita Nyika Yose Pamiitiro Yezvinhu

Kunzvera kuti nyika dzakasiyana - siyana dzinosarudza sei vamiriri vadzo kunogovera mashoko anokosha okunzwisisa simba noutera zvemitoo yakasiana - siana. Nepo pasina gadziriro imwe chete yokuenzanisa yakakwana, marudzi ose anogona kujekesa kutengeserana nebviro dzokuchinja.

Mibatanidzwa yePurezidhendi System

Gadziriro yehurumende inotapura kuti vamiriri vanosarudzwa sei uye kuti vanoshanda sei apo vanongoshanda. Gadziriro dzeParamende, uko mukuru mukuru anotorwa kubva uye anozvidavirira kudare, kazhinji kazhinji anoshandisa kuwirirana nokusimbisa mubatanidzwa. Gadziriro dzapurezidhendi, umo mukuru mukuru anosarudzwa zvakasiana - siana, angashandisa miitiro yakasiana - siana yevhotaro yakasiana - siana asi kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inoratidzira sarudzo dzakagadzwa namapoka mashoma.

Iyi misiano youvaki inotapura kumirira nenzira dzinokosha. Miitiro yeParamende inomirira nhevedzano ingaparira masangano anogadza mitemo ayo anoratidzira zvakarurama zvikuru mhatsa yemifungo yavanhu vose, asi anogonawo kutungamirira kuhurumende dzakabatanidzwa. Masangano apurezidhendi ane maruwa ane mitezo imwe angaparira kuzvidavirira kwakajeka zvikuru uye hurumende dzakatsiga zvikuru, asi anogonawo kuguma nehurumende dzakakamukana nemitemo.

Miuyo Inoshamisa

Gadziriro dzemipimo yakasiana------ngova dzinoparira miuyo yakasiana - siana pamusoro pomufananidzo, chengeteko yehurumende, uye kugamuchirwa kwemiitiro. Gadziriro dzokumiririra dzinokombamira kusarudza vakadzi vakawanda namapoka maduku, dzinoparira mapoka akawanda mudzimba dzomutemo, uye dzingava dzinodavidza zvikuru kuchinja mumurangariro wavose. Gadziriro dzokutanga dzemitemo dzinoda kuita mapoka mashoma, hurumende dzakatsiga zvikuru, uye kumirira kukuru kwemifungo yezvamatongerwe enyika, asi dzingava mumiririri muduku wemifungo yose yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Iyi mitoo yokuenzanisa inokarakadza kuti chisarudzo chegadziriro yokusarudza chinobatanidza kubviswa kukuru kwezvokutengeserana. Hakuna gadziriro inopfuura pamativi ose panguva imwe cheteyo, uye gadziriro ye "sikare" inotsamira pamipimo nemiuyo zvinoisa nzanga miganhu. Kunzwisisa uku kushambadza kunokosha nokuda kwekurukurirano dzinozivikanwa pamusoro pechinjo dzinosarudzwa uye kuonga simba neganhuriro dzegadziriro dziripo.

Nguva Yemberi Yemireza

Kunzwisisa zviri kuitika iye zvino uye nyaya dziri kumuka kunogona kubatsira vagari vomunharaunda uye vagadziri vemitemo kufunga zvinovaka nezveramangwana revamiririri vehurumende yegutsaruzhinji.

Kuchinja uye kumirirwa

Kuchinja kwechiverengero chavagari vemo, kubatanidza mhatsa dzinowedzera, nzanga, uye kuchinja kwevazukuru, kunotapura vose vari vaviri avo vanosarudza uye inhaui mukusarudza. Gadziriro dzeElector dzinofanira kuchinjira kuva nechokwadi chokuti dzinopfuurira kugovera kuratidzirwa kwakanaka nokunobudirira sokuchinja kwavanhu. Ikoku kungabatanidza kuratidzira kufambira mberi kwechiverengero chavagari vemo, chinjo kuwedzera kutora rutivi pakati pamapoka ari pasi, kana kuti chinjo kumiitiro yokuvhota kuti iratidzire zviri nani mhatsa yokuwanda.

Kumirirwa kwezvizvarwa zviduku iitiro hanya chaiyo, sezvo vavhoti vaduku kazhinji kazhinji vanotora rutivi pamwero yakaderera kupfuura vavhoti vakura uye vangarangarira kuti gadziriro dzevhoti hadzina kurangarira zvakakwana zvinonetsa zvavo. Kubatanidzwa navagari vaduku vaduku uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti manzwi avo anonzwiwa mumuitiro wokusarudza kunokosha nokuda kwoutano hwenguva refu hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze uye Zvematongerwe Enyika

Chinjo yemamiriro okunze nenhau dzemhoteredzo zvinova zvinokosha zvikuru mune zvematongerwe enyika zvinosarudzwa, zvichitapura zvose zviri zviviri nhau dzinoda kukurukurwa uye kuti vavhoti vanoita sei zvisarudzo. Rudzi rwenhambo refu yemigariro yemhoteredzo inomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pokuti gadziriro dzezvisarudzo dzenguva pfupi dzinosimbisa nhevedzano dzegadziriro dzezvisarudzo dzinogona kupedza zvakakwana zvinetso zvinovapo muzvizvarwa. Vamwe vakakarakadza chinjo kuti vape inzwi guru kuzvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi kana kuti kuparira masangano anogona kuva nomurangariro murefu zvikuru pazvinetso zvemitemo.

Zvinetso Zvenyika Yose uye Kutonga Kwematongerwe Enyika

Nenzira inowedzera, denho dzinotarisana nenzanga — kubva kumurakatira kusvikira kukubatanidzwa kwezvemari kusvikira kukutama kwamarudzi ose nekuda batira pamwe yamarudzi ose.Izvozvi zvinomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pokuti hurumende inomirira hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inogona sei kushanda nenzira inobudirira apo zvisarudzo zvakawanda zvinokosha zvinobatanidza nyika dzakawanda kana kuti masangano amarudzi akawanda. Kuratidzira kuzvidavirira kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu munyika ine mitezo mimwe cheteyo kunoramba kuri denho inopfuurira nokuda kwegadziriro dzokusarudza dzakagadzirirwa zvikurukuru nokuda kwehurumende dzenyika.

Kubatanidzwa Nokuvaka Zvibvumirano Zvakadzidziswa

Vagari vemo vanofanirawo kuita zvematongerwo enyika, kuramba vachiziva nyaya uye vanoda kubhabhatidzwa, uye kuita zvisarudzo zvokufunga kuti ndiani wava kuda kutsigira.

Kutsvakurudza Zvidzidzo Nenhau Dzacho

Vanoda kutsvaga mashoko akawanda, kusanganisira mawebsite anoshandiswa nevanoda kutevedzerwa, vanobudisa nhau, vanotungamirira vavhoti, uye nharo.

Munhambo yokuwandisa kwamashoko uye mashoko asina kururama, kutanga unyanzvi hwokurava nokunyora zvinobudisa nhau kunowedzera kukosha.Izvi zvinosanganisira kuongorora kuvimbika kwemanyuko, kuziva rusaruro, kusiyanisa chokwadi nepfungwa dzakasiyana - siyana, uye kutsvaka maonero akasiyana - siyana. Kuvhota kwagara kuripo hakudi kubvumirana nemaonero api neapi, asi kunoda kuti munhu anyatsosarudza zvinhu pamberi pevavhoti.

Kupfuura Kufara: Mamwe Marudzi Okutora Rutivi Rwezvematongerwe Enyika

Nepo kuvhota kuri madikanwa kumimiriri yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, haisati iri nzira bedzi iyo vagari vemo vanogona kutora nayo rutivi mumuitiro wezvematongerwe enyika. Zvimwe zvimiro zvokuvimbisana zvinobatanidza kusangana navamiriri vakasarudzwa, kupinda misangano yavose, kukumbanira masangano okuvhota, kuzvipira nokuda kwenhimbe, uye kupinda mukuramba kune rugare. Mibato iyi inogona kukudza manzwi avagari vemo ndokubetsera kuti vamiriri varambe vachigamuchira zvikamu zvavo pakati pesarudzo.

Kumirira kunobudirira kunoda kurukurirano inopfuurira pakati pavagari vemo navakuru vakuru vavo vakasarudzwa. Kupfurikidza nokuramba vachivimbisa kupfuura zuva resarudzo, vavhoti vanogona kubetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti vamiriri vavo vanonzwisisa ndokupindura itiro hanya dzavo, vachiumba gadziriro yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu ine simba zvikuru neinogamuchira.

Kudzidzisa Dzidzo Inobatanidza

Kugadzirira zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi nokuda kwokutora rutivi kwehurumende kunoda dzidzo yakasimba yavagari vemo.Izvozvi zvinobatanidza kudzidzisa pamusoro pokuti gadziriro dzokusarudza dzinoshanda sei, maruramiro nemitoro zvougari hwemo, uye unyanzvi hunodikanwa nokuda kwokuvimbisana kuchiziva zvamatongerwe enyika.

Dzidzo yavagari vemo inobudirira inopfuura kuyeuka nomusoro maidi pamusoro pehurumende kukukudziridza unyanzvi hwokufunga kwokutsoropodza, kunzwisisa mifungo yakasiana - siana, uye kushandisa kutora rutivi kwehurumende. Kupfurikidza nokuisa mubato wehurumende yehurumende mudzidzo yavagari vemo, nzanga dzinogona kubetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi zvakagadzirira kutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira muudzori hwehurumende yehurumende uye kugadziridza gadziriro dzokusarudza kuti dzigonane nedenho itsva.

Kupedzisa: Evolution Inobuda Yokumirira Kwedemocratic yeDhemocratic

Muitiro wavamiriri vanosarudza unokosha kukudzora kwehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, uchishandurira zvisarudzo zvakasiyana - siyana zvavagari vemo muchiito chehurumende.

Masangano eElectoral ane zvisarudzo zvikuru pamusoro pemipimo nezvinoiswa pakutanga. Gadziriro dzetsika dzekare-kare dzinoisa kupfava nemirairo yomunzvimbomo asi dzingarega kuva nomwero. Mitemo yemireza inomirira inovavarira kuratidzira zvakarurama zvisarudzo zvezvisarudzo zvinovhota asi ingaparira mibatanidzwa mizhinji yakakamukana. Kuvhota kwakavhengana kuvimbisa tsigiro apo inopa vavhoti zvisarudzo zvinojeka zvikuru. Sangano rimwe nerimwe rine simba noutera, uye tsika ye "sika" inotsamira pazvinokosheswa zvikurusa zvenzanga.

Sezvo hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzinotarisana nedenho itsva() kubva pakuchinja kweruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu kuenda kuchinjo dzenhamba dzezviverengero zvenhamba dzezviverengero zvenyika yose nejenetsi dzinopfuurira kuva dzechinjo. Nhamburiko dzechinjo dzinovavarira kuwedzera kutora rutivi, kuvandudza kukwidziridza kutendeka, uye kuchinjira kumigariro inochinja. Kunzwisisa idzi nharo nezvinoitika zvinopfuurira kunokosha nokuda kwokuva mugari wemo akadzidza nekuva nesonganiro yehurumende yehurumende inobudirira.

Pakupedzisira, kunaka kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inomirira kunotsamira kwete bedzi pagadziriro dzapamutemo dzegadziriro dzokuvhota asi pakuvimbisana nokutora rutivi kwokuziva kwavagari vemo.

Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pegadziriro dzevhotera nedzoudzori hwedemokrase, masangano akafanana ne Fairvote uye Internationalpolate Institute for Democracy and Electoral help[ anogovera zviwanikwa zvakawanda nokunzvera. [[FLT:] U.S.Ecomstation Commission[ inogovera mashoko akananga kuna vaSarudzori, ne .BLATY] inogovera zvizere kutepfekerwa kwama Sarudzo namasangano anosarudzwa. Izvi zvinogona kubetsera vagari vamiriri vavo kukudza kunzwisisa nzira iyo vamiriri vanosarudzwa nayo uye kuti vatsigiriki vatsi vehurumende vehurumende.