Mutemo Wakagadzwa Webasa Rokusarudza reIndia

Dare reNzvimbo yokusarudza reIndia (ECI) rinomira sekona yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu hurusa yenyika. Yakagadzwa pasi pa Article 324 yeBumbiro reMitemo reMitemo yeIndia, idare remitemo yechigarire rakaronzeswa nechapamusorosoro, nhungamiro, uye kudzorwa kwegadziriro yose yeSangano reParamende, matare ehurumende, uye mahofisi ePurezidhendi naMutungamiriri weIndia. Kusafanana nemimwe mitumbi mizhinji inosarudzwa muimwe democracyism inoshanda muutariridzo, ECI yakarongedzerwa kushanda yakazvinzvimbo zvazvimirira, yakabviswa mudzvinyiriro zvamatongerwe enyika. Chiremera chayo chinotambanurwa kubva mukurongwa kwokuziviswa kwemigumisiro, kuzivisa kugadzirirwa kwemigumisiro, kunoitwa mutsika yakasununguka, uye inoiswa pachena.

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwenhau Nenhau Dzinokosha

Kutangwa uye Makore Okutanga

ECI yakatangwa pa 25 January 1950[=zuva zvino rinochengetwa seNational Voters' Day. Pakutanga, yakashanda seboka rimwe raitungamirirwa naMutungamiriri weEcomment Commissioner (CEC). Sukumar Sen, CEC, yakatungamirira sarudzo yokutanga yehurumende muna 1951 -1952, kurovedza kukuru kwaida kukunda zvipingamupinyi zvechipameso muukuru, zvikurukuru mukusagona kurava. Mumakore iwayo apakuvamba, kokerosa yaishanda netsvina uye yaitsamira zvikuru pamasangano amabasa emaoko.

Kuchinja Kwomuviri Wakawanda

Kwamakumi matatu amakore ECI yakaramba iri mutumbi mumwe. Zvisinei, kuoma nokupomera kwetsika dzinovandikiwa mukati mesarudzo ya 1989 kwakaparira chinjo. Muna October 1989, hurumende yakagadziridza mutemo kuti itendeudze kondirakiti yacho kuva nhengo nhatu, kuwedzera vaKomishinari vaviri veEcovotion kuti vabetsere CEC. Iyi chinjo yakaitirwa kuparadzira simba nokuvandudza kugadziridza mufambiro weboka. Dare rakadzorerwa kugadziriro yenhengo imwe chete muna 1990 isati yadzorerwa kumitezo mitatu muna 1993 pasi peMutungamiriri weEcommo uye Minisiti Minisiti Minisiti Miviri yeBasa reBasa, 1991. Nhasi ECIes inobatanidza mutengiridzo mukuru weEcoms, yose inovakira chiremera chakaenzana muna 1990.

Zviitiko Zvepanyika

ECI yashandisa nguva dzakati kuti dzinonetsa: kumiswa kweEmergency (1975-1977) apo kusarudza kwakamiswa; kutanga kweElectronic Voting Machines (EVM) pahwaro hwevatyairi vendege muna 1982; kugamuchirwa kwakapararira kwemaEVM muna 2004; uye kuitwa kweVoter Vertivedified Pagency Rays (VVPATs) kubva muna 2013. Chinotangira chimwe nechimwe chinoratidza simba rebasa rokuchinja mukutarisana nesayenzi uye zvinetso zvematongerwe enyika.

Kuvakwa, Kurongwa, uye Kugadzwa

Mumiririri Mukuru Wechisarudzo uye Vamiriri Vokusarudza

Purezidhendi weIndia anogadza Mutongi Mukuru weNzvimbo yokusarudza uye vaKomishinari vaviri veEcommution. Vanobatira zvibvumirano zvakatsiga zvamakore matanhatu kana kuti kusvikira pazera ramakore 65, risati rasvika. CEC inofarikanya mubhadharo mumwe chetewo neropafadzo somutongi weDare Gurusa reDare, nepo Vamiririri veEcommo vakaenzana nedare repamusorosoro. Vatongi vanopa kuchengeteka kukurusa uye vanodzivirira kuzvimirira kwedare. Vamiririri vanogona kubviswa bedzi pakurumbidzwa kweCEC, kuwedzera kudzivirirwazve.

Kufara Nemamiriro Ebasa

Migariro yebasa inorondedzerwa neEcommust Commission (Matendero e Service of Evolution Commissioners and Transaction of Business), 1991. Chiito chinovimbisa kuti mashoko haagoni kuchinjwa kukuvadziko yezvirongwa pashure pokugadzwa. Basa racho rinoshanda seboka, nezvisarudzo zvakatorwa nevoruzhinji. Kana pata pata paine tayi, CEC ane vhoti, kunyange zvazvo bvumirano ichitsvakwa chaizvoizvo. Kujeka kwebasa rayo romukati kwakapanikirwa nguva nenguva, asi mitemo inodzora mabasa ayo.

Mibato yeCore neMasimba emitemo

Kutarisira Rokero Kunodzorwa Nemari

ECI ndiyo ine mutoro nokuda kwokugadzirira nokudzokororwa kwemichina yevhota inosarudzwa panhambo nenhambo nokuda kwezvibvumirano zvose zveparamende negungano. Munyasi Kumirirwa kweChiito chaVanhu, 1950, kondirasi inoita kugadziridza kwokupeta gore rimwe nerimwe uye dzokororo chaiyo sezvinodikanwa. Online vhotar kupfurikidza neNational Voters Service Port (NVSP) uye maapu eserura anotakufambisa zvakapfavisa muitiro wacho, zvichibvumira vagari vemo kunyoresa, kero dzokuvandudza, uye kunzvera mazita avo.

Mufambiro Wezvisarudzo

ECI inopa rudungwe rwesarudzo pashure pokuzivisa Purezidhendi kana kuti Gavhuna. Inotarisira chikamu chiri chose: kubva pakunyorwa kwemitsetse nokunzverwa kusvikira kugoverwa kwezviratidzo, kunhivi, kuvhota, kurangarira, uye chiziviso chomuuyo. Komishoni inomanikidzira Mitemol Code of Fame (MCC) .(a yakarongwa yenhungamiro dzinoshanda nokukurumidza apo rudungwe rwesarudzo runoziviswa. MCC inodzora hurukuro, masangano, zviziviso, uye kushandiswa kwemichina yehurumende kudzivisa kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba.

Maaffidavit Nekuziva Muchina Wacho

Vatengesi vanofanira kunyora mapepa etsotsi avo anonyoresa mavhozhokero, mari, zvikwereti, uye zvikwaniriso zvedzidzo. ECI inoita kuti aya majekiseni avepo pachena paIndaneti kuti agovere vavhoti mashoko. Kupfurikidza Symiteatic Voters Education and Electoral Paratition (SEP) purogiramu, basa rinoitisa zvirongwa zvedzidzo, zvikurukuru zvirongwa zvedzidzo yevavhoti, zvikurukuru zvinova vaduku nevotasi venguva yokutanga, vakadzi, uye nzanga dzinozvinyinyiwa.

Kuongorora Nokumanikidza

ECI ine masimba emitemo pasi peChikamu 324 kubudisa mirairo nenhungamiro. Inogona kukwanirisa vatendi nokuda kwokukundikana kunyora ndyiko dzesarudzo kana kuti miitiro yakashata. Inogona kurwisana nezvisarudzo kana miitiro isina kunaka ikaziviswa. Mukati meSarudzo, komishoni inoshandisa Evolution Observers /general, ndyiko, uye vacherekedzi vamapurisa . Zvikwata zvendege nezvikwata zvemichina yevhidhiyo zvinobetsera kuvimbisa kuwirirana neMCC.

Muitiro Wokusarudza: Nhano Nhambo Nenhanho

Chiziviso uye Kunyorwa kwemashoko

Muitiro unovamba neEcommution Commission inodudza misi yokudzosa, nzvero, kubvisa, kuvhota, uye kuverenga. Vanotora mapepa avo okuisa urume pamwe chete nezvinodikanwa zvokudzivirira. Scrutiny inoitiswa neGuta rokudzosa, uyo anogona kuramba kunyorwa kwekusabatanidza.

Kushingaira uye Muenzaniso Womufambiro

Kana vada kubhapatidzwa vangopedzwa bedzi, nhambo yenhimbe inovamba. Mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika anoita misangano, kuratidzira pasuo nesuo, uye kushambadza kwezvinobudisa nhau. ECI inomanikidzira nenzira yakananga MCC, inorambidza kukwirira kwamapoka, chiokomuhomwe, uye kushandiswa kwenzvimbo dzokunamatira nokuda kwenhimbe. Inodzorawo nhambo yokunyarara (maawa 48 pamberi pokuvhota) apo kurwisana kunoguma. Kushatisa kunokwezva mijekodzo uye kunyange kubvisa.

Kushambadza Zuva

Kushambadza kunoitiswa kuchishandisa Eclear Voing Machines (EVM) uye VVPATs panzvimbo dzose dzokuvhota. Muchina mumwe nomumwe unovhota nokuda kwavadaviri vamwe navamwe. VVPAT inodhinda pepa iro vavhoti vanogona kutarira napahwindo duku vasati vavhota. Pepa rinobvumira kuva revo mumhaka. ECI inovimbisa kuti nzvimbo dzokunzvera dzinosvikwa kuvanhu vane urema, vakwegura vanovhota, uye vakadzi. Gadziro chaidzo dzechienzi dzinofanana nedziro dzose dzevakadzi dzinovhotera nezviteshi zvavo nedzimba dzinodzorwa navanhu vakaremara.

Kuverenga uye Migumisiro

Kuverenga kunovamba pamusi wakatarwa, kazhinji kazhinji mazuva mashomanene pashure pokuvhota. ECI inogadza Vadzori vanodzosa navacherekedzi kuti vatarisire muitiro wacho. VVVPAT inotsvedzerwa kubva kuchiverengero chinokosha chinorangarirwa kuva chenzvimbo dzakasarudzwa zvinosimbiswa mukurwisana neEVM ukoshi hunosimbiswa kuva hwechokwadi. Pashure pokuverenga, musangano wacho unozivisa nenzira yapamutemo vakundi nezvinyorwa zvechisarudzo.

Kuvandudza Unyanzvi Nekuvandudza Kwazvino Uno

Michina Yemagetsi (EVM)

ECI yakanyandura kushandiswa kweEVM kubvisa zvikanganiso zvokuvhota zvenhema nokuderedza zvikanganiso zvemaoko. VMS ijekedzo inooneka, inoshandiswa nebhatiri, uye haidi batano nesociation ipi neipi, ichiita kuti irambe kuvhura. Mumakore apfuura, kondirasi yakavandudza michina kubatanidza "Hapana Nezvisaro zvepamusoro" (NOTA), zvakatangwa muna 2013. Kuedza kukuru uye kuongorora kwechitatu kwave kusingachinjiki kwakaitirwa kukurukura pamusoro pezvakavimbika.

Mudungwe wenhau wakasimbiswa wepepa (VVPAT)

Yatangwa pashure pemirairo yeDare Gurusa, VVPATs inogovera mutoo wokuona nawo. Mukati mokuverenga, VVPAT tsvete kubva kuzviteshi zvishanu zvokuvhota zvakasarudzwa pamusangano mumwe (kana kuti mutevedzeri weparamende panhau yeLok Sabhaha) inonatswa zvibharo zvibharo zvemichinjikwa neEVMAS. ECI yakakarakadzawo kukudza muenzaniso wezvokwadi kupfurikidza noufakazi [ EVVVPAT inosarukira kuvimbika kupfurikidza neFotofitry form yeIast [[FFLT:1]]

Mapurasitiki Anoshandiswa Pamadhigirii

SAUP yeCVIGIL inobvumira vagari vemo kushuma kuputswa kwemibato yeMCC munguva chaiyoiyo kupfurikidza nokuisa mufananidzo kana kuti ufakazi hwevhidhiyo. Applog inoisa chiitiko chacho ndokutumira kungwariro kumapoka anobhururuka nokuda kwechiito chapakarepo. Onlinevhotar muNVSP neVoter Helpline app yafambawo namabasa okuvhota. ECI inoshandisawo kutarira paweb site kunzvera zviteshi zvenhepfeko zvenhau dzinotapura uye vareverevedzeri venzanga kuti vasarukidze mashoko enhau dzinodavidza.

Zvinetso Zvinoramba Zvichimuka uye Kunetsana

Mamiitiro Okuzvidzora

Pasinei zvapo negadziriro dzakasimba, zvinetso zvinopfuurira. Kuparadzirwa kwemari nezvinodhaka mukati mesarudzo, zvinozivikanwa se "kugadzirwa kwebasa," zvinoramba zvakapararira. ECI yakatanga miitiro yokuongorora yakadai semasero anoongorora ndyiko nezvikwata zvokuongorora zvinogara zviripo, asi mwero wemari inobatanidzwa, kazhinji kazhinji inosvika kumazana evapurisa , zvichiita kuti kuchengetwa kwakazara kuve kwakaoma.

Kutya uye Chisimba

Mune dzimwe nharaunda, vavhoti vanotarisana netyisidziro yavanhu vomunzvimbomo kana kuti varwi vezvamatongerwe enyika. ECI inotumira mapurisa akashongedzerwa nezvombo (CAPF) kuwedzerwa kumapurisa ehurumende munharaunda dzinotapukira. Mauto ehondo anowanzotakurwa nemhepo kunzvimbo dzinopisa, asi zvinoitika zvokutapwa kwematende namasimba masimba zvichiri kuitika, zvikurukuru munyika dzine mibatanidzwa yeutsotsi yakakomba.

Vimba Nemagetsi Emagetsi

Nepo kubiridzira kwakaderedza, kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pomugariro wavo wokudzivisa kuchinjwa kunopfuurira pakati pamasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika namapoka enzanga. ECI yakaronga kuratidzira pachena ndokubvumira masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika kuedza michina, asi anoda 100% VVPAT uchokwadi hunopfuurira. Dare Rapamusoro neECI zvakadzivisa kuverenga kwakazara kwamaoko pamusoro pekubudirira nechengeteko, asi gakava rinoramba risina kugadziriswa.

Kusakendenga Kwezvitima uye Kuderera

Urban namuvhoti wepwere kazhinji kazhinji vanotsaudzira shure kwokutora rutivi mumaruwa. Nhimbe dzeECI'SVEEP dzinonanga zvikoro, makoreji, mahofisi ebhizimisi, uye nzanga dzinogara vanhu. Bva, nhau dzakadai sezvipikirwa zvenhema, kushaikwa kwenhimbe dzinotsigirwa nenhau, uye kusashanda zvinoderedza mbavarira. Komishoni yacho yakasuma matanho akafanana ne "Kuvakwa Kumusha" nzvimbo yavagari vakura navanhu vane urema, asi bvumirano chose chose chinoramba chiri basa mukufambira mberi.

Kuchinja Kukuru Nokukurudzirwa

Gakava Rokubatana

Muna 2018, hurumende yakatanga zvisungo zvokuvhota sechishandiso chemipiro yezvamatongerwe enyika isingazivikanwi. ECI yakaratidzira funganyo yokuti zvisungo zvingawedzera kuva zvisingakwani mumari yenhimbe. Chirongwa chacho chakadenhwa muDare Rapamusoro, iro muna 2024 rakachidenha sechisina kukodzera, ichichiidana kuva kuputswa kwekodzero kumashoko. ECI nguva dzose yakanga yataura pamusoro pemiganhu ine mikana ine revo nerevo chaiyoiyo.

Kurwisana Nemari Nemibato Yebhizimisi

ECI yakarumbidza kugadziridzwa kweTenum Shimendi yeBumbiro reMitemo kusimbisa gadziriro dzinorwisana nedzinorwisana. Kwaidawo mari yehurumende yesarudzo kana kuti gadziriro yenguva yezvinobudisa nhau zvakasununguka kuderedza kutsamira pamipiro yavanhu. Zvimwe zveizvi zvinokarakadza zvichiri kumirira hurumende.

Nguva Yokushandisa Mari yeHurumende uye Yokubudisa Nhau

Dare reLaw nematare eparamende akasiyana - siyana zvakadzokorora chikumbiro cheECI chemari yehurumende. Komishoni yakarumbidzawo kuti Doondarsshan naAll India Radio vagovere nguva dzapachena kumapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika nokuda kwokunhimbe, ayo akatoshandiswa nokuda kwemasangano enyika uye mapoka anozivikanwa asi anoda kukura kumapoka maduku.

Kuvhota nokubudisa zviri kure

Kukurukura zvinodikanwa zvavatami vomukati menyu ($mmillions) zvavanhu vasingagoni kuvhota mumisha yavo nemhaka yokutamazve) Nhevedzo yeECI yakatanga muenzaniso wevhotera iri kure ichishandisa "mult-console EVM iri kure. Vatyairi vari kurongerwa, kunyange zvazvo itiro hanya pamusoro pokusimbiswa kwomuvhoti nechengeteko dzichisara.

Kuona Zvinhu Sezvazviri uye Kuzivikanwa Kwenyika Yose

ECI inowanzodudzwa somuenzaniso wehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu munyika dzichiri kusimukira. Kusafanana neUnited States Federal Ecommution Commission (FEC), iyo iri sangano rebipartisan rinowanzokuvadzwa neICI inova nechekushandira pamutemo kukuru. Muna 2015, ECI yakagamuchira "Democracy Award" kubva kuInternational Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) nokuda kwokutanga kwayo kushandisa ICT nokuda kwedzidzo yevhoti. Komishoni yacho inotorawo nenzira yokushingaira mukuongorora marusarudzo enyika yose, ichigoverana unyanzvi hwayo mukuitisa vhota pamwero mukuru.

mhedziso

ECI yakachinja kuva mamiriro ezvinhu anopfuura makumi manomwe kuva sangano rinoraira kuremekedzwa kwekusasarura kwaro nokushanda. Kuvambira pakuvhota kwebhuku kwa1955 kusvikira pakuiswa kwerudzi kweEVMS neVVPATs, ECI yave ichingochinja nguva dzose kuti ive nedenho apo inochengeta murairo wehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Bva, kukura tyisidziro dzinoda kufanana nedzikuru, njodzi dzeIndaneti, uye kudzodzo dzinova kwapabondesa, uye kudzoka kwechirongwa chehurumende chehurumende chenguva dzose.

Kuravazve: Commission yaSarudzo yepanzvimbo yepaIndiya yepamutemo[[FT:2]; Cunstitution of India – Artic 324; [FLT]; PRGIS Legastical Researchs – Masimba neMitemo yeECI[[FT:6]].[[FLT:]]