Fandesheni Yebumbiro Remitemo Remapazi Matatu

Kuparadzaniswa kwamasimba iRock of American Controlance, yakagadzirwa naFramers kudzivisa chinhu chipi nechipi kudzora hurumende. Panzvimbo yehurumende, hurumende, uye mwero yomunzvimbomo, ichi chivako chinovimbisa kuti kuita pamutemo, kuchengetwa, uye kududzira zvinoramba zvakasiana. Nheyo yaro inoratidzira midzi yayo kuMontesquieus Ù [[FLT:] Mudzimu weMitemo yeMitemo [[[FLT:]], iyo yainotaura kuti rusununguko runochengetwa zvakanakisisa apo chibvumirano, mukuru mukuru, uye mibato yedare zvinochengetwa zvakaparadzaniswa. James Magentivei anokudzwa pana ikoku [FLT:] No.[4FLT] [FLT], [53], kunyevera pamusoro pesimba rehurumende iri yose.Nhasi yeUnited States, kuUnited States.5]

Kunzwisisa kuti hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, dzehurumende, dzehurumende, uye dzehurumende dzinofanira kushandisa sei mapazi matatu, munhu anofanira kutanga kubata mitoro mikuru yakagoverwa kubazi rimwe nerimwe. remagiramu anoumba masangano, uye anoitisa mutemo wokumwe pamwero wenyika. Bazu revhoriyati rekuparadza. [[FLT:]] rinoshandura mitemo, rinoisa mitemo, uye rinodzora mitemo yedzimwe nyika pamwero mukuru. [[FLT:]] Rinodudzira mitemo, rinopedza nharo, uye rinohwirudzura zviito zvebumbiro remitemo kana kuti zvehurumende. Iyi mibato haisi kudzorwa nenzira yakaganhuridzika, uye kudzora kupfurikidza kupfurikidza nokudzorwa kwerimwe bazi.

Hurumende Yomunzvimbomo: Kutonga Kusingachinji

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo ndiwo mwero wapedyo zvikurusa wechiremera nokuda kwavaAmerica vazhinjisa. Dzinobata nzvimbo dzokugara, chengeteko yavose, utsanana, migwagwa yomunzvimbomo, mapaka, uye zvikoro. Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. risingadudzi zvakajeka hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, idzo dzinosikwa nehurumende dzehurumende munheyo ye Dillon ̱ Ruramisiro, rune masimba anopiwa nehurumende. Dzimwe nyika dzinopa hurumende dzomumusha, kupa hurumende dzomunzvimbomo ruwaro rwakafara, asi chivako chebranch chinoramba chiripo.

Bazu Romutemo Romunzvimbomo

Chiremera chomutemo pamwero womunzvimbomo chinogara pamutemo mudare renharaunda. Masangano anogadza mitemo yenzvimbo nenzvimbo , , [[FLT]] dare ravakuru vakuru [, kana kuti [[FLT:]] kumisa kuungana [[[FLT:]] kumira misha]. Masangano anogadza mitemo yenzvimbo yemokano inodzora chinhu chiri chose kubva kumitero yemitero yemitero. Somuenzaniso, dare reguta ringapfuura mutemo unorambidza kukurangamira misha iri pedyo nemisha inogarwa, kana kuti ingabvumira kuronga mari yemari yemari neyamubato. Mumaguta makuru akafanana neNew York kana kuti Los Angeles, dare rokuteerera masangano masangano matsva, uye masangano maduku anoongorora masangano anoongorora mabhiri anosha mumaguta makuru, maro angashandisa purogiramu makuru, masangano makuru ezvirongwa.

Bazu Rine Chiremera Romunzvimbomo

Simba rechiremera panzvimbo yomunzvimbomo rinowanzoitwa ne . Meya wedare kana kuti mirau yedare, anogadza vakuru vemakambani vakadai savakuru vemapurisa uye vatungamiriri vehurumende, uye anotarisira mabasa ezuva nezuva. Mumiitiro ine simba rekudzora; mumiitiro ine simba rakafara; mudare. Vakuru vakuru vamakambani vanodzora vanotarisira mitero, mitero, uye madhipatimendindindindi ebasa. Pamwero muduku, purofesa weguta, uye mumibato yeguta, kazhinji kazhinji kachoro.

Bazu Romunharaunda Rokutonga

Dare romunzvimbomo rinobata kuputswa kwemirau yemisika, kuputsa, uye kukakavadzana kuduku kwavagari vemo. Mienzaniso inobatanidza matare echimumuchi , matare emapurisa[, uye matare okunyoresa matare [[FLT]] anoisa misoro yedare . Mumatare aya ndiwo mhedziso yokutanga yemhosva dzoutsotsi dzisati dzaenda kumatare edare. Idzowo dzinotonga pamusoro pezvinhu zvomunzvimbomo, nhau dzenzvimbo yenzvimbo yenyikito, uye kutaura kuduku. Nomunharaunda dzinodikanwa, vatongi vakasarudzwa kana kuti vagadzirirwe zvakananga navakuru vemo vomunzvimbomo, vanoaita kuti vazvidzorererere kunzanga.

Hurumende: Vashandi Vehurumende Inotonga Vanhu Vane Utongi Husina Kufanira

Hurumende dzinoshanda mubumbiro remitemo radzo dzimene, risati richifanira kurwisana neBumbiro reMitemo reU. Hurumende imwe neimwe ine gavhuna, chigaro chomutemo, asi mugadziri wedare rehurumende unosiyana. Somuenzaniso, Nebraska ine unicameral (kamuri rimwe), nepo hurumende zhinji dzine chiremera chakafara pamusoro pedzidzo, chokufambisa, tarisiro youtano, mutemo woutsotsi, uye kutengeserana kwapamutemo. Mutongi Louis Brandeits anorondedzerwa zvakakurumbira se [[FLT:]#8220; masangano ehurumende akawanda ane gadziriro dzehurumende dzechigadziko. Nemhaka yezvoutano hwehurumende, inogona kunzvera mitemo yemipisransi yemigoringi yezve kana kuti yemubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa wehurumende.

Bazi Rehurumende Rinotonga

Hurumende (inowanzonzi Gungano reGeneral, Legislative Assembly, kana kuti kungova Nhevedzo) inogadzira mitemo inoshanda munyika yose. Iyo ine imba ye yeVamiririri (kana kuti Gungano) ne [[FLT]] , ne [FLT] , nemitezo yakasarudzwa kubva kumaruwa. Magiratisigirati anogadza mwero yemitero, anosimbisa bhajeti rehurumende, anosimbisa kugadza kwedare rehurumende, uye kutungamirira kupfurikidza namadare anoongorora mamiriro enyika. Somuenzaniso, dare redzidzo redzidzo ringanzwa pamitekositorendiro yechikoro. Masangano makurusa enyika anosangana gore negore, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vakadai saSarcet dare rehurumende muatoogamendio bedzi.

Bazi Rinotungamirira reHurumende

mukuru mukuru wehurumende, anosarudzwa navavhoti nokuda kweshoko rakasimunwa (kazhinji kazhinji makore mana). Gavhuna ̱ masimba anobatanidza kusaina kana kuti kuisa zvikwereti, kugadza mitezo yehurumende, kugadza mitezo yedare (acterney, munyori wehurumende, etc.), kuraira hurumende National Guard, uye kupa kanganwiro. Mukusiyana neU.S., Purezidhendi anowanzogoverana simba roukuru navakuru vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vakazvimirira vakadai sagavhuna, grobhubhuza, uye comrollerer systea system inozivikanwa se [[FFFOLD].[FFF]]

Bazu Rokutonga reHurumende

Dare rehurumende rinotsanangura mitemo yehurumende. Dzinobata mativi mazhinji ekakavadzano dzapamutemo muUnited States, kubatanidza mutemo wemhuri, zvibvumirano, matsotsi, uye kodzero dzezvinhu. Dare racho rinobatanidza matare edare (dzimwe nguva dzinonzi matare makuru kana kuti eruwa), matare edare [[FLT]] ainyorwa [pamubatanidzwa] [matare okukwirira, uye [[FLT]] dare rapamusoro [[FLT] [[FLT:] [kazhinji] (kazhinji anotaurwa seDare repamusoro rehurumende]),. Hurumende ingasarudzwa (partistonna kana kuti isiri yepati), kana kuti yakasarudzwa namarukota akasarudzwa kupfurikidza namaSangano hurusarudzo.

Hurumende Yenyika: Hurumende

Hurumende yehurumende ’ mapazu matatu anorondedzerwa muBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. uye anoshanda mugadziriro yamasimba anodudzwa neanorehwa. Vavambi vakagadzira bazu rimwe nerimwe neganhuriro dzakajeka: Congress haigoni kuita mitemo, Purezidhendi haagoni kuita mitemo (kunze kweveto), uye judicariary yehurumende ine chiremera chikuru pamusoro pedziviriro yorudzi, muitiro wokumwe, kutengeserana kwenyika, kubuda munyika, uye mari. Masimba ayo anoganhurirwa kune ayo akarongwa muBumbiro remitemo, nepo Pendementermenta yeTenth inochengeta mamwe masimba ose kuhurumende kana kuti vanhu.

Bazu Remitemo Rinofambira

Congress idare rinopa mibatanidzwa ye Imba yeVamiririri mitezo inogoverwa navagari vemo ne[FLT] SATE[ (mitezo 100, mitezo pahurumende imwe). Imba inotanga mari uye ine simba rokusaita vakuru vakuru vehurumende. Dare rinosimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi (vatongi vedare, vamiririri), inotendera zvibvumirano, uye inova nemitongo. Congress Congress ̱ basa guru ikuita, asi rinoitawo mufambiro, masangano makuru anotarisira kupfurikidza nokunzwa uye kupfurikidza nesimba rechikwama. Givitiko remitemo rinopa chibvumirano (Genetic Conglesment, IFomer, inobatanidza mativi akawanda oupenyu.[Fomer]

Bazu Rine Chiremera Chehurumende

President yeUnited States inobatira somusoro wehurumende uye mukuru wehurumende, akasarudzwa makore mana ari ose. Purezidhendi anomanikidzira mitemo yehurumende, anopa mirairo yemitemo nesimba romutemo (pakuongorora kwokutonga), anoraira masimba akashongedzwa, anotaurira bvumirano (pakuzviisa pasi pedare retendero), uye anogadza vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende. Bazu rehurumende rinobatanidzawo [ Cabinet[ madhipatimendi, akadai seDeset, Comment, Costries, uye ruramisiro) uye masangano akazvimirira kufanana nedziviriro yeNzviwiro zveNzvakapoteredza neFederal Agency. Purezidenti#817;tosvoswo nesimba rezvipoteshi zvedzimba mbiri, zvinogovera.

Bazu Rokutonga Ramasangano

Dare rehurumende rine matare ehurumende ane [Dare reDare rePunionhosa] (majaji anokosha) uye matare ehurumende akatangwa neDare reRegional, kubatanidza Dare reMitemo reDare reMitemo, Dare reNhesvuro reAppel comports (matare epanhau), uye matare anokosha (umg., Dare reRetacostal, Dare reMakurukota reMarudzi reTraredhia). Vatongi havasipo kuumbwa naPurezi yeSangano uye vanosimbiswa neDare roupenyu mukati memiitiro yakanaka. [5] Zvisarudzo zvaparo zvose zvinobvumiranwa pakati pezvisaruso.[FL.]

Makeki Nedzikamo

Kubatana pakati pamapazu pamwero mumwe nomumwe wehurumende kunoparira gadziriro huru yokuzvidavirira. Heino miitiro inokosha inochengeta tsinhirano:

  • Iregisa pamusoro poukuru: Pamwero yehurumende nehurumende, masangano okugadza mitemo anogona kukurira vafeyi, vakuru vakuru vehurumende vebasa, kunyima mari, uye kuramba kusimbisa kugadzwa. Pamwero womunzvimbomo, matare angadzora magariro emoneral (kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza novukuru).
  • Kushanda pamusoro poMutemo:[[FLT: 1] Vatungamiriri vanogona kuisa mutemo, kudana marusando chaiwo, uye kushandisa mirairo yavakuru vakuru kufuratira masangano emitemo mumigariro yakakomba (mukuwirirana neganhuriro dzapamutemo).
  • Dare pamusoro pazvose zviri zviviri: rinogona kuputsa mitemo kana kuti zviito zvokutungamirira izvo zvinoputsa bumbiro remitemo kana kuti kupfuura chiremera. matare ehurumende anogona kuita zvimwe chetezvo pasi pemabumbiro emitemo.
  • Ruratidzo pamusoro poMutongi:[[FLT: 1] Mitemo inogona kutanga (kana kuti kubviswa) matare akaderera, kugadza chiremera, uye kutendera kana kuti kuramba maminei. Dare rinogonawo kukarakadza kugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo kuti ripedze zvisarudzo zvedare.
  • Kupa maruramiro pamusoro poRuramisiro: Vatongi vanogadza vatongi (vanozviisa pasi petendero) ndokupa kanganwiro kana kuti nyaradzo (panzvimbo nemwero dzehurumende).

Iyi nzvero inoshanda kwete bedzi pakati pemwero mumwe asiwo pakati pemwero.

Mienzaniso Yenyika Chaiyoiyo Yechiito Chokupindira

Kuongorora zvakaitika zvinoratidza kuti mapazi acho anoshanda sei:

  • Kuno: Dare retaundi rinopfuura mutemo woruzha pashure penyunyuto pamusoro pemazariro ousiku hwapera. Meya anoiratidzira, asi mapurisa (anouraya) anofanira kuisimbisa. Mugari anodudzwa pasi pomutemo unodenha mutemo mudare remirioni. Mutongi angaitsigira kana kuti kuirova kana ikaputsa mitemo yehurumende kana kuti bumbiro remitemo.
  • Chiteshi: Dare rehurumende reCalifornia rinopfuudza mutemo unogadza zvisakiso zvecarbon dission. Gavhuna anouratidzira, uye boka remitemo yemhepo (sangano rinouraya) rinogadzira mirau yokuushandisa. Boka reindasitiri rinopa mhaka, richiita nharo nemirau inorwisana nemitemo yehurumende. dare rapamusoro rehurumende rinonzwa mhaka yacho nemiraudzo yemitemo inoshanda pasi pebumbiro remitemo, asi rinocherekedzawo kuti kubviswa kwehurumende kungashandisa chikumbiro chinobvira chamazvo.
  • .FLT] Congress inopfuudza Affordcable Care Act (ACA) muna 2010, nechiremera chomunhu oga chokuda inishuwarenzi youtano. Purezidhendi anoiratidzira. Pashure pokunge aitwa, mizhinji inotaura kuti idenha mutemo. Dare Gurusa, mu National Federation of Independent Business v. Seberius, rinotsigira chirevo chamazvo sebasa reCressscreas ̱ rinobhadhair arosair asi Medicaid inofurira gadziriro yokuwedzera. Ikoku kuratidzira judiaiaiaiaiaiaiaian procial vreant nebazi, nepo pari zvinoenderera mberi kusimbisa mutemo wedare sedare rinogadzirirwa.

Ukama Hwehurumende Nesimba Remapazi

Mapazu matatu haashandi mukuparadzaniswa mumwero yose; anobatira pamwe nenzira dzakaoma. Somuenzaniso, matare ehurumende anowanzokumbira Congress kuti itsigire mari kana kuti yamuro yomutemo. Gavhuna vangashanda namasangano ehurumende yehurumende mukati mengwavaira dzomusikirwo, kubatanidza kupfurikidza na FEMA. matare ehurumende anowanzoshandisa mutemo wehurumende, wakadai seapo anopa kodzero dzevagari vemo dzinotaurwa pasi pa 42 U.S.C. 1983. Nheyo ye [[FLT:]] FEderalist inovimbisa kuti mwero mumwe nomumwe wehurumende uchengete uchangamire apo inoremekedza miganhu yavamwe.

Imwe nharaunda inocherekedzwa yenyanduko i National Guard. Gavhuna anoraira Varindi vehurumende (bazu rinotambudza) mukati menguva yorugare, asi Purezidhendi anogona kuuita udzori (pamberi peInsurection Act) nokuda kwemigariro yekurumidziro yenyika. Muchinoitika chino, mukuru mukuru wehurumende anodzosa kwechinguvana anokurira chiremera chehurumende, cheki yebumbiro remitemo ̱ zvitsauko zvehondo.

Mugumisiro: Kuramba Tichiparadzana Nemasimba

Kuvambira padare retaundi dukusa kusvikira kuDare rapamusoro-soro reU.S., chivako chamabhirakiti matatu chinogovera mutoo wakabvumikiswa wokuparadzira nawo simba nokudzivirira rusununguko. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinozvishandisa nenzira inowirirana kupedza zvinodikanwa zvenzanga; hurumende dzinoishandisa kuita kuedza kwemiitiro yakasiana-- siyana; uye hurumende yehurumende inotsamira pachiri kuti idzore rudzi rwamamirioni 330. Kunzwisisa kuti bazi rimwe nerimwe rinoshanda pamwero uri wose kunogonesa vagari vemo kuchengeta kuzvidavirira kwavo uye kuziva apo gadziriro inoshanda seyakatendwa.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, nzvera [[FLT: 0] USA.gov kupeta-pfugama kwamapazu matatu , rugwaro rwakazara rweU.S. Constitution, uye Conference of State Legislatures ̱ mukuru wezvirongwa zvehurumende. Izvi zvinogovera nzwisiso huru mukushandiswa kunopfuurira kwemasimba anoparadzanisa mhiri kwamaganhu eAmerica.