Kunzwisisa Kubhadharwa Kwemari Kwehurumende: Mutsigiri Wemari Yehurumende

Kushandisa mari inoshandiswa kufambira mberi kubva kuhurumende yenyika kuenda kuhurumende nehurumende, zvichigonesa kupa mabasa anokosha avose muUnited States. Iyi gadziriro yokutamisirwa kwehurumende yakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa zvinhu zvinokosha zvenyika nepo ichibvumira hurumende dzemarudzi ose kuchinjika kuti dzisvitse zvinodikanwa zvomunzvimbomo. Kufamba kwemari iyi kunotevera nzira dzakaoma kupesvedzerwa nezvikoro zvesangano, migwagwa, zvipatara, zvirongwa zvemipiro, uye kutungamirira. Kunzwisisa kuti mari inofamba sei nomumitengo yakasiana- siyana yehurumende kunotsoropodza vagadziri vemitemo, vatarisiri vehurumende, uye vagari vemo vanotsvaka kunzwisisa zvikoro zvemitengo yemitengo yehurumende.

Gore rimwe nerimwe, hurumende yehurumende inoparadzira mazana amabhiriyoni amadhora kunyika nenharaunda kupfurikidza nomuvhenganiswa wezvipo zvakaganhurirwa, zvikwereti, uye mari yakananga. Mukuwirirana ne Conregional Bacment Office [, mari yehurumende inopa mari kuhurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo yakaita hwerengedzo ye $1,1 yemabhiriyoni emari, 1 mugore ra2023, ichiva neinongedze 17% dzesesero dzehurumende. Iyi mari inotsigira mapurogiramu anobva kuMidicaid nepfuma yezvokufambisa kudzidzo nebetsero yedzimba. Chimiro cheidzikufambisa chinoratidzira chiyero chepakati pemipimo yakakomba pakati pezvinangwa zvorudzi nouchangamire hwehurumende, kazhinji chinobudisa nharo pamusoro pezvinenge pamutemo, kushanda, uye kuzvidavirira.

Kuyerera kwemari yehurumende hakusi yemari imwe chete; kunogona kusiana zvikuru norudzi rwepurogiramu, mipimo, uye mwero wehurumende inoshandisa pfuma. Dzimwe mari dzinopfuura zvakananga kubva kumasangano ehurumende kuenda kumaruwa echikoro omunzvimbomo kana kuti zviremera zvokufambisa, nepo dzimwe dzichitanga kuenda kunzvimbo dzemari dzisati dzaparadzirwa. Iyi tsika yakavharwa inogona kuvamba intefficiencies asi inobvumirawo kuva yakarongwa. Kuderera kukuru mumiitiro yemari yemubatanidzwa kunoratidza kuti masangano ehurumende anoshanda sei mukushanda, netapuro yechinhu chiri chose kubva mukubudirira kwezvemari kusvikira kumambure echengeteko yenzanga.

Marudzi Makuru Ezviridzwa Zvinoshandiswa Pakutsigira Mari

Mari yemari inosvika kuhurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo kupfurikidza nemikoto inoverengeka yakasiana, imwe neimwe ine mitemo yayo imene, zvinangwa, uye kudzosera. mapoka makuru anobatanidza zvikwereti, zvibvumirano, zvibvumirano, uye zvirongwa zvokupa. Kunzwisisa izvi zviridzwa zvinokosha nemhaka yokuti zvinosarudza mwero wavagamuchiri vanochinjika uye mwero wokutarisira kwehurumende kunobatanidzwa.

Mafashoni: Ibhiza Rinoshanda Rokufambisa Zvirongwa Zvehurumende

Garati ndiro rudzi rwakakurumbira zvikurusa rwemari yehurumende nokuda kwenyika nenharaunda. Idzo mibayiro yemari inopiwa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvakati pasina chinodikanwa chokuripira. Grants dzinowira mumarudzi makuru maviri: chitsama chemipiro yemari[, iyo inoganhurirwa kumibato inoganhurirwa sekwakagadzirwa kwemugwagwa kana kuti zvivako zvemvura zvakachena, uye inopa mari , iyo inogovera kuchenjera kukurusa kutaura mukati nharaunda yetsika yakafanana nebudiriro yenzanga kana kuti mabasa enzanga. Mienzaniso inobatanidza Community Development Blot Grant (CBGG) neSFraccet . [Fortracceltical Leart]

Zvikwereti Nezvikwereti Zvinovimbisa

Zvikwereti zveFomati nechikwereti zvinogovera mari huru nokuda kwezvirongwa zvikuru zvemarongerwo enzvimbo kana kuti gadziriro dzemari. Kusafanana nezvipo, mari iyi inofanira kubhadharwa munguva, kazhinji kazhinji nemhindu. U.S. Dhipatimendi rePress, somuenzaniso, rinoshandisa purogiramu yeFrastructurature Mecance and Innovation Act (TIA), kugovera zvikwereti nechikwereti zvezvibvumirano zvezvirongwa zvokufambisa. purogiramu dzeR. Roan dzinoda zvikurukuru kunzvera nokururamisa kwechikwereti uye projekiti, kuchiita kuti zvisvikire zvishoma nokuda kwemitengo miduku asi zvinonetsa nokuda kwokuvakisa mari huru.

Mibato Yezvinhu Nebasa

Zvibvumirano zvehurumende zvibvumirano pakati pehurumende nehurumende, nzvimbo, kana kuti sangano ravanhu voga zvokugovera zvinhu zvakati kana kuti mabasa mukutsinhana nokuda kwokubhadharwa. Nepo kazhinji kazhinji zvichibatanidzwa nokuwana dziviriro noruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, zvibvumirano zvinotsigirawo mabasa avose akadai sepurogiramu dzokurovedza basa, kunzvera payunivhesiti dzehurumende, uye mabasa okupindura ngwavaira. Federal Acquisition Regition Regation. Federal (FAR) inodzora zvibvumirano izvi, zvinoraira zvikuru uye zvinodikanwa zvokushuma.

Zvirongwa Zvinopa Musoro: Betsero Dzakananga Kuvanhu Vamwe navamwe

Zvirongwa zvesocial Security, Medicare, uye Medicaid zvinopa mibayiro yakarayirwa pamutemo kuti ibatsire vanhu vakakodzera. Kunyange zvazvo mari iyi ichinyanya kufambiswa kuvanhu kana kuti vanotarisira utano, zvine migumisiro isina kunanga yakawanda pamari yehurumende neyomunzvimbomo. Somuenzaniso, Médicaid inotsigirwa pamwe chete nehurumende yehurumende nehurumende, uye kugoverana kwehurumende kwakasiyana nemari inotengwa nomunhu mumwe nomumwe. Muna 2023, Medicaid akawana inenge hafu yemari yose inopa mari kuhurumende. Zvirongwa izvi zvinodzikamisa upfumi hwemo uye zvinotsigira gadziriro dzoutano dzoga dzoga, asi zvinoratidzirawo njodzi kana mwero yehurumende ichichinja.

Nhano Nhambo Nenhanho Yemari YamaFederal Fund

Kunzwisisa chikamu chimwe nechimwe kunobatsira kuona kuti nei mari isingagoni kufanoziviswa uye nei dzimwe nzanga dzichigamuchira zvinopfuura dzimwe.

Chinotangira 1: Kurongwa Kwemabhajeti Nokukarakadza

Tsika inovamba nechikarakadzo chapurezidhendi webhajeti, icho chinoronga kupedza zvinhu zvokutanga nokuda kwegore remari riri kuuya. Congress ipapo ndokupfuudza zvikwereti zvezvitsama zvakati kuti zvinogovera kumasangano ehurumende. Office yeMatareko apamutemo (GAO) inotarisira kuteererwa nokuongororwa kwamasangano anotarisira mari iyi. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, zvisarudzo zvinopfuudzira uye kuvharwa kwehurumende zvakakanganisa nguva yeappropries, zvichiparira kunonoka kuparadzira mari kuti zvigove.

Chivako 2: Kugadzira Ruramisiko rweAgency uye Grant Altawation

Kana zvirongwa zvikangoitwa, masangano ehurumende akadai seDhipatimendi reDzidzo kana kuti Department of Education and Human Services anotanga mitemo nokupa zviziviso. Iyi mitemo inorondedzera mipimo yokuwana mari, miitiro yokushandisa, uye mirayiridzo yokushanda. Nokuda kwemipiro, masangano anopa mari yakavakirwa pamiitiro yemitemo ingabatanidza mashoko echiverengero chavagari vemo, mwero yourombo, kana kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvemibatanidzwa. Masangano anofanira kuyera zvikarakadzo kupfurikidza nokuhwirudzura kana kuti gadziriro dzokuwedzera.

Chinoratidzwa 3: Maritabheti yeHurumende uye Kuenda Kumba

Apo hurumende dzinogamuchira mari yehurumende, kazhinji kazhinji dzinobatira semitemo yemibatanidzwa, dzichiparadzira mari kuhurumende dzomunzvimbomo mukuwirirana nemitemo yenyika nezvinokosha. Somuenzaniso, mari yedzidzo yehurumende pasi peTitting I yeHwer Sevetues Act inogoverwa kudzimwe nyika, idzo ipapo dzinoagovera kumaruwa echikoro akavakirwa pakuisa urombo. Mitengo ingaregawo chikamu nokuda kwendyiko yokudzora kana kuti mapurogiramu ehurumende. Iyi musara wesangano rehurumende unogona kusuma kunonozetsa ndokuita magadziro kana magadziro enyika achipesana nevavariro youshanyi.

Chinoumba 4: Kushandiswa Nokushuma kweHurumende Yomunzvimbomo

Pamwero womunzvimbomo, madare eguta, masangano eruwa, kana kuti madare ezvikoro anosarudza nzira yokuisa nayo mari yehurumende mukati meganhuriro dzezvibvumirano. Vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chezvinodikanwa zvehurumende zvakadai senzvero dzemhoteredzo, zvisarudzo zvemari yomuripo (Davis-Bacon Act), uye kushuma pamusoro pemiuyo. Zvigaro zvavagari vemo kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji zvinopinza vadzori vadzori vamasangano avabati nezvipi zvemari kuti vatarisire izvi. Kuoma kwekuteerera kunogona kuva mhinganidzo yenzanga duku kana kuti pasi pemipi, kuchitungamirira kukudzo inoiswa pasi pemari inowanika.

Kutsigira Kwaiita Mari Yacho Kune Mamwe Mamiriro Ezvinhu Ehurumende

Mashandiro anoita hurumende, unyanzvi hwokutarisira anosiyana zvikuru pakati pehurumende yenyika neruwa kana kuti guta guru.

Hurumende: Vagamuchiri Vari Papose

Nyika dzinogamuchira mugove mukurusa wezvipo zvehurumende nemhaka yokuti dzinotarisira mapurogiramu makuru akadai seMedicaid, inishuwarenzi yourovha, uye migwagwa mikuru. Mukuwirirana ne U.S. Censues Bureau, kuchinjwa kwehurumende kwechinenge chikamu chimwe chezvikamu zvitatu zvemari yose yehurumende mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya. Manyika ane betsero yemahofisi makuru emari yemari nedhipatimendiro epamutemo kuronga mitemo yehurumende, asi anotarisanawo nedzvinyiriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika kuti agamuchire kana kuti arambe mitero yakati. Somuenzaniso, dzimwe nyika dzakasarudza kusakudza Mdid pasi peAffordcable Care Act, nokuda kwemabhiriyoni anobhadhara mari yomubatanidzwa.

Hurumende Dzomunzvimbomo: Mikoto Yakananga Neisina Kunanga

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo(maruwa, maruwa edzidzo, maruwa ezvikoro, uye maruwa chaiwo . Dzimwe dzinopa mari kubva zvakananga kumasangano ehurumende kuenda kumasangano ehurumende omunzvimbomo, akadai seCommunity Development Grants anopiwa kumaguta. Dzimwe mari dzinouya kupfurikidza nokupfuvura kwehurumende, semari yedzidzo yeP. Maruwa anobetserwawo nenzira isina kunanga kubva kubva kumari yehurumende iri mumitero (PILT) kunyika dzisingabhadharisi mari. Zvisinei, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinowanzotambura nomutoro wokudzoresa, zvikurukuru miduku inoshaiwa vashandisi vanopa.

Maruwa Echikoro: Mhaka Chaiyo

Maruwa ezvikoro akasiana nemhaka yokuti anogamuchira mari yehurumende yamadonzo chaiwo akafanana nedzidzo chaiyo (IEA), Musoro I wevadzidzi vanowana mari shoma, uye gadziriro dzezvokudya zvemwana. Mari iyi inowanzogoverwa kupfurikidza namasangano edzidzo yehurumende, ayo anoisa zvinodikanwa zvokuwedzera zvokushuma. Mari yehurumende nokuda kwezvikoro inowanzoshorwa nokuda kwokusaringana kubhadhara mari yakazara yemitero, zvakadai sokugovera dzidzo yavose yapachena yakafanira kuvadzidzi vose vane urema. Kunyange zvakadaro, inoramba iri mutezo unotambudza kuhurumende nemitero yepfuma yomunzvimbomo.

Tapuro Yemari Yokubatsira Vanhu Pamabasa Avanhu Oruzhinji Ane Mukurumbira

Nzvimbo nhatu dzinoratidza kuti kuchinjwa kunoitwa zvinhu nehurumende idzidzo, zvinhu zvinokosha uye kutarisirwa kweutano.

Dzidzo: Kuenzana Nemukana Mhiri Kwenyika

Kushandisa mari yedzidzo yeFederal kunoronga kuvanza mipata yezvinenge zvaitwa uye kutsigira vadzidzi vane zvinodikanwa chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, musoro Ndinopa zvikoro zvipfuro zvine nhamba huru yevana vanobva mumhuri dzine mari yakaderera. Vanhu vane mikana yokusagona kupfuudza Idzidzo (IDEA) vanogovera mari isina kukwana nokuda kwemabasa edzidzo chaiyo, kunyange zvazvo nyika nenzvimbo dzine mari yasara. Mudzidzo yakakwirira, mari inobhadharwa navadzidzi inogonesa mamiriyoni okupinda pakoreji. Pasina aya mari, kusabatana pakati penzanga dzakapfuma nedziri rombo kwaizova kwakatonyanyisa. Asi, vatsoropo vatsoropote kuti dzidzo inodzose kudzorwa kwedzidzo inogona kubvisa kugadziridzwa kwomunzvimbomo uye kudzosera mari yemari yose.

Dzidzo: Kuvaka Nokuchengeta Zvinhu Zvavose

Nhamba dzinoshandiswa pakuvaka mugwagwa nebhiriji. Bipartarisan Infracture Informationment and Jobs Act (IJA) 2021 yakagovera mari yokuwedzera nokuda kwemikoto yakafara, gadziriro dzemvura, uye kufambiswa kwavose. Madhipatimendi ezvokufambisa anotsamira zvikuru paidzi mari dzehurumende, kazhinji kazhinji anoshandisa kuisa mibatanidzwa yenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo. Zvisinei, mari yezvokufambisa inowanzoparadzirwa kupfurikidza nemikoto yakaoma iyo ingasaratidzira kushaiwa chaikoiko, ichitungamirira kumaro amabasa okugamuchira ngwariro yakafara yapamhizha kana kuti inononotswa nokuda kwedzokorodza mhoteredzo.

Kutarisira Utano: Kuendeswa Kunzvimbo Yehurumende

Kutarisira utano kunoisa mari yechikamu chikurusa chezvipo zvehurumende, chinodzorwa zvikurukuru naMedicaid. Hurumende yehurumende inobhadhara mwero wewirirano yetsika (FMAP) inovambira pa 50% kusvikira ku 83% yehurumende yeMedicaid ndyiko, zvichitsamira pamwero wemari yapamutemo. Mukati mokusashanda zvakanaka kwemari, yakawedzerwa mwero inowirirana yakashandiswa kudzikamisa bhajeti rehurumende, sezvinooneka mukati medenda rinopesana. Medicare, nepo zvikurukuru purogiramu yehurumende, purofiti dzomunzvimbomo nezvipatara zvinobatira vatengi vakwegura naveri vezvipatarati zvinobatira vakwegura. Kutsamira pamari yezvoutano yehurumende kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu outano, sezvinokarakadzrwa kupa zvirongwa zvebasa.

Zvinetso Netsoropodzo Zvegadziriro Yokushandisa Mari Yenyika Dzakabudirira

Kunyange zvazvo mari iri kushandiswa nehurumende ichikosha, gadziriro iripo inotambura nokukanganisa kwakanyorwa zvakanaka kunokanganisa kushanda kwayo. Nhau nhatu dzinoramba dziripo kunonoka kwevatongi, kuparadzirwa kusina kusarura, uye kunyanyotsamira pazviwanikwa zvomubatanidzwa.

Kunonoka Kwehurumende Nemitoro Yokutarisira

Muitiro wokuwana nokushandisa mari yehurumende unowanzova unononoka uye unorema. Nyika nenharaunda zvinofanira kushandisa miitiro yokushandisa mirefu, zvinowirirana nemirairo yakawanda, uye kuongororwa kwakawanda. GAO yakazivisa yawadzadzazve kuva vatarisiri vapa nemhaka yenzvimbo yakakwirira yeroshi yakaoma nokukamukana. Somuenzaniso, mukati medenda rekubatira, nyika dzakawanda dzinofanira kutamburira kuparadzira mari dzebetsero dzokurenda nokukurumidza nemhaka yezvinodikanwa zvehurumende nokuda kwokunyora nokurevesa. Iyi kurumidziro inodzosa vagamuchiri vanoshusha uye inogona kuita kuti mapurogiramu ave anoshanda zvishoma.

Kusazivikanwa MuAllocation Formulas

Miitiro yakawanda yehurumende yezvokushandisa mari yezvirongwa zvemari yezvibvumirano zvechirungu kana kuti kukundikana kutsanangura zvinhu zviripo zvino. Somuenzaniso, mutoo weCommunity Development Block Grants unoshandisa mashoko anogona kuva amakore anoverengeka ekare, achibvisa nzanga dzinokura nokukurumidza. Nenzira yakafanana, purogiramu yeHill-Burton yemari yechivako chezvipatara zvakagoverwa munhau yakavakirwa pavagari vemo panzvimbo dzezvinodikanwa, kusiya nharaunda dzomumaruwa dzakachengetwa. Zvibvumirano zvinowedzera apo nyika dzine simba rokudzora rakawanda dzinokwikwidzana nenzira inobudirira, nepo nyika dzine urombo dzinoshaiwa zvishandiso zvokugadzira zvikumbiro zvemakwikwikwi.

Kuvimba Nezvinhu Zvisina Kuvimbika

Hurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo zvazova zvinotsamira nenzira inowedzera pamari yehurumende kuti zvidzikamise mabhajeti adzo. Mugore ra2022, kuchinjirwa kwehurumende kunomiririrwa inopfuura 35% yemari yehurumende mune dzimwe nyika. Uku kutsamira pamunhu kunoparira kuva muteshi wemari yehurumende yokucheka, kumira, kana kuti chinjo dzemitemo. Apo Congress inotadza kupfuudza nguva, nyika dzinofanira kumisa zviteshi kana kuti kuderedza mabasa. Chimiro chemari chemari chehurumende chinovawo chakaoma kuronga kwenguva refu nokuda kwegadziriro yemari yapamutemo namabasa avanhu, sezvo nyika dzisingagoni kutsamira pakudzosa mari inodzorwa gore negore.

Kuronga Chinjo Nenhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi

Vagadziri vemitemo nenyanzvi vakasimudzira pfungwa dzinoverengeka dzokuvandudza kufambiswa kwemari. Izvi zvinosanganisira kupa zviri nyore kukumbirwa, kuvandudza mashoko, kuwedzera kushandiswa kwezvipo zvezvikamu, uye kusimbisa kushandira pamwe kwehurumende. Vamwe vatsigiri nokuda kwemashandiro emari akabatanidzwa nezvinenge zvichiitika pane zvinobatanidzwa. Vamwe vanokarakadza kuti kusakwanisa kudzora nyika nokuchengeta kuzvidavirira kwehurumende kupfurikidza nokushanda kwemibatanidzwa.

Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu, zvakadai semabudiro emashoko akabatanidzwa uye gadziriro dzokutarisira dzemagetsi, zvinogona kuderedza mitoro yokutarisira. Mukuwedzera, zvigadzikiso zvinoshanda izvo zvinowedzera mari yehurumende mukati mekuderera kwemari zvingabetsera kuti zvisakuvadzisa. Chinoitika chedenda reCovorid-19 chakaratidzira kuti mari inokurumidza, inochinja kupfuudzwa nemidziyo yakadai seCoronavirus State neMocal Fiscal Reverance Fund inogona kushanda zvakanaka kana yagadzirwa zvakanaka. Zvisinei, matanho akadaro okukurumidzira aimutsawo kunetseka pamusoro petsoro nekusatarisira.

Pakupedzisira, gadziriro yemari yehurumende mumwero yehurumende idivi guru nerinokosha rehurumende yeAmerica. Inoratidzira kuzvipira kwenyika kugoverana mutoro wezvinhu zvavose nepo ichiremekedza mhatsa yezvinodikanwa zvehurumende nomunzvimbomo. Sezvo dzvinyiriro dzemari dzinowedzera kubva kuchiverengero chavagari vakwegura, chinjo yemhoteredzo, uye kudzongonyedzwa kworuzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, miitiro yokuparadzira mari yehurumende ichada kushanduka. Vatapi vemitengo yose vanofanira kupinda mukurukurirano yokuziva kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti mari inofamba zvakanaka, nenzira inowirirana, uye nenzira yakajeka kunzanga dzinotsamira pairi.