Sumo: Muganhu Mutsva Muchengeteko Yorudzi

Munguva inotevedzerwa nokuwedzera kwemafaro emvura munyika yose uye tyisidziro dzinoramba dziripo, nyika dziri kutendeukira kuruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu kuti dzichengetedze miganhu yadzo nevagari vemo. Pakati pezvishandiso zvine simba zvikuru zviri munzvimbo iyi pane kushandiswa kwemashoko anobatsira kugadzira zvinhu zvipenyu. Nokushandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana zvinorondedzera munhu mumwe nomumwe, zviremera zvinogona kupfuudza zvinopfuura magwaro ekwazvo egamuchidzanwa, zvoita kuti zvinhu zvinochengetedza zvive zvakavimbika, zvinobudirira, uye zvinodavika. Nyaya ino inoongorora basa remichina yokuchengetedza zvinhu mukusimudzira kuchengeteka uye kudzivirira, kuongorora kukwanisa kwayo, uye kugadzirisa zvinetso pakati pekuchengeteka nokuvandika.

Kuchinja kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu hakusi kungova kusimudzirwa kworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu asi kuchinja kukuru mukuumbwa nokusimbiswa kwemashandisirwo emashoko. Kusafanana neshoko renosero kana kuti makadhi eid, mavara ezvokushanda kwemuviri anobatanidzwa nomunhu, achiaita akaoma zvikuru kuba, kuumba, kana kuti kugoverana. Sezvo tyisidziro dzichichinja, mitoo yokudzivisa, uye mabhakitiriya anofanira kugovera chigadzikiso chikuru, chematendikirirwo ayo anotoita kuti adzore mitemo yokudzivirira munyika yose.

Musika wepasi pose webiometrics unofungidzirwa kuti uchakura zvikuru, unosundwa nokuiswa kwemari kwehurumende mukudzora muganhu, kunzvera, uye nhano dzechitsotsi. Nokuda kwekupeta kwakakwana kwemiitiro yemisika, unogona kuhwirudzura mishumo inobva Markets Markets[[FL:1].

Kunzwisisa Mashoko Ane Mashandiro Ezvinhu Zvipenyu: Marudzi Nematepi

Zvinhu zvinonzi biometric zvinonongedzera kuchinhu chipi nechipi chinoyevedza kana kuti tsika chinogona kushandiswa kuziva munhu mumwe nomumwe.

Magetsi Emuviri

Fingerprint Account ndiyo nzira yekaresa uye yakashandiswa zvikuru. Inoshanda, inokurumidza, uye ine chinyorwa chakabvumikiswa mukuita kuti mutemo urambe. Tsvakadzo dzazvino uno dzinogona kubata mabhii akakwirira kunyange kubva kuminwe yakaoma kana kuti yakashama, uye maatomu akasvika pakusimba padzinoisirwa.

Kuziva kwapachivako kunoshandisa kuona kwekombiyuta kunyora mativi echiso ndokuaenzanisa neshopu. Hakusi kwokusatsarukana uye kunogona kuitwa padaro, kuchikuita kwakakodzera nokuda kwokunzverwa panhandare dzendege, zviteshi, uye nhandare. Kufambira mberi kwemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi mukudzidza kwakavandudza zvikuru kururama, kunyange zvazvo kuita kunogona kuderedza pasi pemagetsi asina kunaka kana kuti apo nhau dzinopfeka mabhachi.

Rinonzvera mitoo yakasiyana murindi reziso rine mavara. Yakarurama zvikuru uye yakaoma kuvhura. Zvisinei, inoda kubatwa kwakarongwa nenhau dzinobatira pamwe, inoganhurira kushandiswa kwayo kudzorwa mhoteredzo dzakafanana nenzvimbo dzokunzvera vatami.

Mararamiro Anoita Maererano Nemaitiro

Kuziva mashoko kunotsanangura manzwi akadai separedhi, manzwi, uye kunzwika. Kunowanzoshandiswa mukusimbisa kana kuti kuvatsigiri venzwi. Kunyange zvazvo kwakakodzera, kunogona kutapurwa noruzha kana kuti chirwere.

Kufunda nezvemafashoni etsoka uchishandisa vhidhiyo. Indima itsva asi inoratidza vimbiso yokuziva vanhu vari kure vasingazvizivi. Ruzivo urwu rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu ruri kuongororwa nokuramba ruchiongororwa munzvimbo dzinovigwa zvikuru.

Sigino michina yemichina nenzvero yokunyora namagetsi ehekitari zvinoshandiswawo mune zvimwe zviitiko zvokukwanisa kudzora, asi kupararira kwayo muchengeteko yemuganhu kunoramba kuri pasi. Nokuda kwokuhwirudzurwa kwounyanzvi hwebiometric mimeties, National Institute of Direfectal and Technology (NST) inobudisa fungidziro dzenguva dzose pa [[FLT:] MIST FVT.]

Mashandiro Ezvinhu Zvinochengetedza Mumuganhu: Zvirongwa Zvinoshanda

Masangano anodzora miganhu akabatanidza ruzivo rwezvinhu zvipenyu nenzvimbo dzakawanda kuti aone kuti zvinhu zviripo zvechokwadi uye asimbise kuchengeteka.

Masuo Anodzora Mucheto Anoshanda Nesimba (ABC)

Nyika dzakawanda dzakaisa mawindi panhandare dzendege nemiganho yenyika. Vafambi nemapasipoti ebiometric vanoedza gwaro ravo vobva vapa maminwe kana kuti kuzivikanwa nechiso. Sangano rinopa maminwe akaenzana nezvinenge zvaiswa mupasipoti uye vatarisiri vewachi. Muitiro uyu unoderedza macheki emaoko nemirambo nepokuvimbisa kuti zvakarurama.

Mapazi Anofamba Mabhakitiriya

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) yakagadza mipimo yemapasipoti ebiometric, ayo akagadzira chipu ine mufananidzo wechibati, maminwe, uye mamwe mashoko omunhu oga. Mapepa aya haabvumiki kunyorwa uye anoita kuti pave nokujeka nokukurumidza panzvimbo dzinongogara dzoga. Sezvokusvika 2024, nyika dzinopfuura 150 dzinobudisa nhau dzepapo.

Mashoko Akakwirira Anobva Kure (API) uye Kudzidzwa Kutanga

Mitemo yezviwiro yakabatanidzwazve muzvirongwa zvokufambisa zvisati zvapera. Vafambi vanopa mashoko ezvipenyu zvisati zvaenda, zvakadai seminwe yeminwe kana kuti mifananidzo yechiso, inoongororwa mukurwisana nougandanga uye mapepa anoshandiswa nematsotsi. Masangano akaita seUS Electronic System for Travel Leaption (ESA) uye EUS tranget/ESSSSM (ES) zvinovimba neiyi mashoko kuvanhu vapamberi pedzi uye zvinoramba kukwira kana zvakakodzera.

Kupinda Kwakawanda Kwemamodal Fusion Pazviteshi Zvengarava

Mamwe masangano emuganhu anobatanidza michina mizhinji kuti awane ururami hwekuzivisa. Somuenzaniso, mufambi angapindwa chikarukwa cheminwe uye kuzivikanwa nechiso. Kana chimwe chikakundikana (muchib., nemhaka yekukuvara kweminwe), chimwe chacho chinogona kusimbisa kuti ichokwadi. Mibatanidzwa yakawanda yemichina inoshanda zvikuru pakuziva vanyengeri vachishandisa maminwe okugadzira kana kuti kuchinja.

Mabhakitiriya Mukurwisana Nougandanga: Kubva Kune Varindi Kusvika Pakuongorora

Kurwisa ugandanga kunobva pakukwanisa kuziva, kuongorora, uye kuvhiringidza magandanga.

Vanzveri vanowirirana neNguva Chaiyoiyo

Kuchengetwa kwemitemo nemasangano akangwara zvinochengeta vatarisiri vemagandanga anozivikanwa kana kuti anofungidzirwa. Kana chiratidzo chebiometic project chikabatwa / paudzori hwemiganhu, panenge pamira motokari, kana kuti panenge paine uchapupu hwemhosva, zvinogona kukurumidza kuenzaniswa nezvikamu izvi.

Nyika dzakafanana neUnited States dzinochengeta Automated Biometric Identification System (IDENT) iyo ine mamirioni ezvinyorwa zvemichina inoyera zvinhu zvipenyu, kubatanidza zviya zvinotumirwa nevhiza, kusungwa, uye kubatwa kwehondo. Kubatana namasangano anobatira pamwe kupfurikidza neENTERPOL'S Biometric Hub inotambanudza uku kusvika munyika yose.

Kuongorora Zviitiko Zvoutsotsi

Ufakazi hweBiometric − madhiramu eminwe neDNA (DNA) zvave zviri ibwe rekona renhau dzechienzi. Maturusi azvino uno anogona zvino kutora mashoko ebiometric kubva munhepfenyuro dzenzvero (kuziva) uye kunyange mumarekodhi akarekodwa enzwi (kunzvera redhiyo). Unyanzvi ihwohwu hunobetsera kuziva vapari vedenho dzamagandanga uye kuabatanidza nezvimwe zviitiko kana kuti mibatanidzwa inozivikanwa.

Somuenzaniso, gadziriro yeFBI’s Evend Generation Identification (NGI) inogovera kunzvera kwemafino okukurumidza uye kuziva chiso uko kwave kuchibatsira kuziva zvinofungidzirwa mukubhomba nokuuraya.

Kuongorora Nokusashanda Kwemagandanga

Pavanoyambuka muganhu uye panzvimbo dzinoshandiswa zvifambiso, vanoona kuti zvinhu izvi zvinokosha kuti vatange kufamba zvakanaka, uye kuti zvisavepo vasati vatanga kuzviita.

Hurumende dzinoshandisawo mashoko ezvinoyera zvinhu kuti dzironge vanhu vanosunungurwa muusungwa vanoramba vachiongororwa. Kunzvera nguva dzose kuchishandisa kuzivikanwa kwechiso kana kuti zvipikiso zveminwe zvinovimbisa kuti zvienderane neganhuriro dzerwendo.

Fundo Dzemhosva: Kushandiswa Chaikoiko Kwenyika

United States: Purogiramu yeUS uye Mberi

Chimwe chepurogiramu yepamuganhu weUS-VISIT (United States Vashanyi neImmigrant Statut Motical Technology) yakatanga muna 2004, yaida kuti zviteshi zvisati zviri zvikwaniriso zvipinde muUS mumhepo, nyika, uye zviteshi zvegungwa kuti zvigovere zvinamazasi nemifananidzo. Mumakore apfuura, purogiramu yakashanduka, ichibatana negadziriro yokutarisira zvoukuru hweHomeland Security. Nhasi, miitiro yakafanana neMomemetage - Extit Program inosvika uye inosvika, kuonekwa kwenguva refu, uye kudzorwa. Purogiramu yacho yakarumbidzwa nokuzivisa zviuru zvavanhu nezvinyorwa zvoutsotsi kana kuti kudzorwa.

European Union: Kupinda/Kupinda (EES) uye ETIAS

EU iri kushandisa chirongwa chitsva chebiometric muganhu: Angen/EXES System (EES) ichanyoresa zita, rudzi rwechinyorwa chokufamba, uye data yebiometric (minwe mina nemufananidzo wechiso) yamarudzi anopindwa nokubuda munharaunda yeSchengeni. Iyi gadziriro inovavarira kuziva vatendi navanhu vamwe navamwe vanoshandisa chiteshi chenhema. Mukuwedzera, dare reEurope yeForgation and Authodiation System (ETIAS) richada kuti nyika dzishandise paIndaneti, kugovera mashoko omunhu oga kubatanidza mashoko anobvira ezvokuchengeteka pamberi pokufamba. UCMFFF [FF: 0]

India: Aadhaar naLAPIS

Purogiramu yeIndia yeAadhaar igadziriro hurusa yemichina yemichina yemichina inoshandiswa munyika yose, inofukidza vagari vanopfuura mabhiriyoni 1,3. Nepo zvikurukuru iri nhano yokuzivisa vanhu, fandesheni yayo yemibato yeminwe (minwe mishanu, ziso, uye mufananidzo) inoshandiswa zvikuru nokuda kwemabasa ane chokuita nemuganhu. Nyika yePorts Authority yeIndia (LAPIS) yakagadzira mabiometric kiosk pamiganhu mikuru yenyika kuti ipfuure basa rezvokutengesa nokufambisa muganhu nokuchengetedza.

Matambudziko uye Kufungisisa

Pasinei nokuchengeteka kwakajeka, kuunganidzwa kwemashoko anoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zvipenyu uye kushandisa zvinhu izvi kunomutsa zvinetso zvinokosha zvinofanira kukurukurwa kuburikidza nemitemo uye mitemo.

Kuva Woga Nokusunungurwa Kwevagari Vemo

Kuunganidzwa kwemashoko ebiometric kunoitwa munzvimbo dzakawanda kunoparira ngozi yokunzverwa kwevakawanda uye kushanda kunzvimbo dzinotevedzerwa nevakawanda — uko mashoko anounganidzwa nokuda kwechinangwa chimwe (munzira, kudzora muganhu) anoshandiswa nokuda kwechimwe (munzira, kupondwa kwemapurisa). Pasina kudzivirira kwepamutemo, vagari vemo nevashanyi vaigona kuteverwa kwose kwose kwavanoenda, kuchibvisa kusaziva uye rusununguko rwokushanda.

Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti ruzivo rwokuziva chiso, zvikurukuru, runogona kuva rune kangaidziko nerusaruro, zvikurukuru pakuzivisa vanhu vane ruvara kana kuti vakadzi. Nzvero dzinoitwa namasangano akadai se ACLU dzakasimbisa makwikwi enhema angagona kutungamirira kukupfigwa kwakaipa kana kuti kurambwa kwokupinda.

Kuchengeteka Kwemashoko Nengozi Dzokuchinja

Masero anoshandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakurwisa makombiyuta akakwirira. Kusiyana nemareyi, kana zvikakanganiswa, maminwe kana kuti mashoko echiso angagona kuvhura migumisiro youpenyu hwose kuvanhu, zvichigonesa kuba zviziviso. Hurumende dzinofanira kushandisa mari yakawanda pakunyora mashoko okukopa akasimba, kudzora kusvika pachinhu, uye zvirongwa zvezvinoitika.

Panewo zvinonetsa vatengesi vezvikamu zvitatu uye mashoko okutaurirana munyika.

Miganhu Yezvounyanzvi

Hakuna gadziriro yemichina inoyera zvinhu yakakwana. Mwero yokuramba kwenhema (kuramba vanhu vapamutemo) uye mwero yokugamuchira kwenhema (kubvumira vanyengeri) zvinosiana nezvimiro zvemifungo nemhoteredzo. Rumhodzi pamifungo, chinjo muchiedza, kukwegura, kana kuti kuvadziko dzinogona kuparira kundikano. Mitengo mizhinji yemiitiro yemoda inobetsera kuderedza idzi nhau asi inowedzera ndyiko nezvinooma kunzwisisa.

Kurwisa kusingadzoreki (8) uko mumwe munhu anoshandisa chitsiga, maresiti, kana kuti zvigaro zveminwe kumichina yemichina yeminwe kupepa yenzwi rokunzwa(anoramba achinetseka. Kurarama kuzivikanwa uye unyanzvi hwokudzivisa kuora kweropa zvinogara zviri mberi.

Midziyo Yepamutemo Neyokutungamirira

Masangano akasiyana - siyana ane mipimo yakasiyana - siyana yokubatanidza madata, kuisa pfungwa, uye kugovana. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regial (GDPR) inoronga mashoko ezvokuyera zvinhu sezvinotapukira, anoda kubvumira kwakananga uye mamiriro ezvinhu okugadzira.

Kushandira pamwe kunokosha, asi hurumende dzepasi pose dzinochinja - chinja zvinhu kuti dzivepo dzinoita kuti pave negadziriro yakabatana. Saimo yeInTERPOL neICAO ishande kugadza mipimo, asi kuita zvinhu kunoramba kusina kukodzera.

Miitiro Yenguva Yemberi Nokuvandudzwa

Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinobatanidza zvinhu zvipenyu zviri kukurumidza kufambira mberi.

Majekiseni Ane Simba ReAI

Ungwaru hwokugadzira uye kudzidza kwakadzama zviri kuvandudza kumhanya uye kururama kwemienzaniso yebiometric. Maatrum anogona zvino kuongorora mafashoni etsika akadai sokutaipa kana kuti mabatiro anoita munhu runhare rwake neanoramba achiisa vashandisi vazvo. Mukuchengeteka kwemuganhu, AI inogona kugadzira vhidhiyo inopa zvokudya kubva pamakamera akawanda kusvika kumirayiridzo yevanhu vari mhiri kwenzvimbo, inobata zvinhu zvipenyu nemitoo yokufamba nayo.

Kunyoresa Kwezvitundumusere

Mabhakiti ebhakitiriya anofambika anobvumira vakuru vakuru kuongorora kuti zvinhu zviripo here kana kuti kwete mumunda. Matepu nefoni dzine minwe nemaziso zvinokwanisa kuvhura zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakuongorora zvinhu zvemazuva chaiwo, zvichideredza kunonoka kwekushandisa mabasa.

Masangano Akasiyana - siyana uye Asina Kuonana

Dambudziko racho rakawedzera kushandiswa kwemabhakitiriya asingaoneki nemaziso asingaoneki nemaziso kuchiziva kwechiso nemaziso, uye kuderedza kubatana kwemasero emaziso.

Chiratidzo Chokuvimbika Pazvinhu Zvipenyu

Ruzivo rweblockchain ruri kuongororwa senzira yokuita nayo zvinyorwa zvokusachinja zvekunyoresa nokuratidza kuti zvinhu zvakamira sei. Izvi zvingadzivisa kuchinjwa kwemazita uye kugovera nzira yokuongorora nayo, zvichiwedzera chivimbo pakati pamasangano akasiyana - siyana nenyika dzinogoverana mashoko.

Maforamedhi eai eai

Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu zvinoyera zvinhu ruchiva rwakapararira zvikuru, pane simbiso iri kuwedzera pakukudziridza nhungamiro dzetsika dzeAI. Idzi gadziriro dzinovavarira kuva nechokwadi chokuzvidavirira, kusaoma kwenhau, uye kusasarura mukuita zvisarudzo kunoitwa neatomupiyuta. Hurumende namakambani ezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu zviri kubatira pamwe pamipimo yokuedza kworusaruro, kubvumira, uye utariri hwavanhu.

Mugumisiro: Kudzikamisa Kuchengeteka Nekodzero Dzedu

Mazita ezvokuchengetedza muganhu azova chinhu chikuru chezvinoumba muganhu uye nzira dzokudzivisa nadzo ugandanga. Kukwanisa kwaro kugovera kuzivikanwa kwakavimbika, kwokuchinja kunowedzera mano edu okudzivirira miganhu, tyisidziro, uye kudzivisa zvinoitika. Kubva pamagedhi akagadzirwa nemotokari panhandare dzendege kusvikira kumapepa okuchengetera zvinhu zvinobata magandanga, mabhakitiriya anopa zvishandiso zvine simba izvo zvakanga zvisingafungidzirwi nechizvarwa chakapfuura.

Zvisinei, unyanzvi humwe chetehwo hunoita kuti kukwanisa kuchengetedza zvinhu kubudirire zvikuru hunoparirawo ngozi huru kuva voga, rusununguko rwevagari vemo, uye kuvimba nenzanga. Chinetso chacho hachisi mukusarudza pakati pechengeteko nekodzero, asi mukuwana dzikamo yakarurama kupfurikidza nokudzora kwokufunga. Mitemo inojeka, utarisiri hwokuzvimirira, mitemo yakasimba yemashoko, uye kuvimbisana kwevoruzhinji kunodikanwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti gadziriro dzezvinhu zvipenyu dzinoshanda chinangwa chazvo pasina kuva zvishandiso zvokunzvera zvisina kururama.

Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu runopfuurira kuchinja, kukurukurirana kunopfuurira pakati pavagadziri vemitemo, nyanzvi dzematechnology, venzanga yevagari vemo, uye vanhu vose kunokosha.