Basa Rehurumende Nehurumende Dzomunzvimbomo Mukuwedzera Kwokusaruramisira Kwedzinza

Mapoka anopesana amadzinza mumabasa avose — zvakadai sedzidzo, tarisiro youtano, dzimba, zvokufambisa, uye ruramisiro youtsotsi — hazvisi nhakawo zvayo yenguva yakapfuura; izvo zvinopfuuridzirwa nhasi nemhesvadzo dzegadziriro nemigove isina kukodzera. Hurumende pahurumende nemwero dzomunzvimbomo dzakaiswa zvigaro zvakasiana kuti dzipindire, kuva nechiremera chehurumende uye kuva pedyo nenzanga. Kusafanana nemitemo yehurumende, inogona kuva yakafara uye inononoka kuchinjika, hurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinogona kushandisa zvigadziro zvakananga, mashoko akapoteredza neapo akananga zvakananga kuzvikonzero zvemubatanidzwa wezvinhu zvisina kufanira. Iyi nyaya ino inonzvera kuti nyika, zviverengero, maguta, uye mataundi zviri mhiri kweUnited States zvinoshandisa mibato yokuvhakaro pedyo nemibato yemarudzi ose, inotsigirwa nemibatanidzwa yenzanga yenzanga yenzanga yenzanga, kubatanidzwa yenzanga yenzanga, kubatanidzwa negadziriro yemari inodzorongedzero.

Kunzwisisa Ukuru Nohumwe Urudzi

Kuti vaite mitemo inobudirira, vaiti vezvisarudzo vanofanira kutanga kunzwisisa mwero wakazara wemisiyano yedzinza. Iyi misiyano inoratidzirwa muinodokuva nzvimbo iri yose yebasa ravose:

Dzidzo

Vadzidzi Black naLatino vanonangidzirwa zvikuru muzvikoro zvakasiiwa navadzidzisi vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rushoma, zvinhu zvechinyakare, uye reshiyo dzakakwirira dzevadzidzi kuzano. Mukuwirirana ne National Center for Education Statistics, 40% bedzi yavadzidzi vaBlack vanopinda zvikoro zvinopa zvitsama zvakazara zvemasvomhuza nesayenzi, zvichienzaniswa ne 67% yavadzidzi vachena. Iyi dzidzo inoshandura kuva mwero yakaderera yedzidzo uye inoderedza mari yazvinowana muupenyu hwose.

Kurapwa

Rudzi rwavashoma namadzinza anowana mwero yakakwirira yehosha isingaperi, nduramo dzakaderera, uye kusvika kutarisiro. Kaiser Family Foundation mishumo yokuti vatema vaAmerica vane mikana mishomanene zvikuru yokufa nehosha yeshuga kupfuura vachena veAmerica, nepo nzanga dzeMaIndia okuAmerica dzine mwero yakakwirira zvikurusa yeboka ripi neripi redzinza. Hurumende yeMidhicaid ine tapuro yakananga yakawana kuderera kukuru kwemipimo yedzinza mumitengo yeinishuwarenzi.

Dzimba uye Zvokufambisa

Miitiro yokupa nokusasarura inopfuurira yakaparira mikaha yepfuma yedzinza nerusarurano rwedzimba. Misha miduku inowanzoshaiwa kufambiswa kwavose kwakavimbika, migove yedzimba inotengwa, uye kukwanisa kupinda muzvitoro kana kuti mapaki. Urban Institute [ yakapupurira kuti mitemo inoronga mumaguta akawanda yakabudisa sei purofiti nevagari vashomanene, ichipfuudzira kumuka kwourombo mumataundi.

Ruramisiro Youtsotsi Nechibvumirano

Misiyano mumapurisa, mwero yokusunga, uye kutongera mitongo inonyorwa zvakanaka. Vanhu vanotema nevokuLatino vane bvuruvuru zvikuru vangamiswa, kusechwa, uye kuiswa mutorongo nokuda kwemhosva dzakafanana kana dzikaenzaniswa navanhu vachena. Mitemo yomunzvimbomo inodzora kushandiswa kwesimba, kugadziridzwa kwegwero, uye mapurogiramu evaraidzo zvinoita basa guru mukuderedza kana kuti kuderedza idzi zvikanganiso.

Sitarate 1: Kuparadzaniswa Kwemifungo YeDhepatimendi

Kuongorora uku kunojekesa kuti kusiyana kwakafara zvakadini uye kunoita kuti vagadziri vemitemo vade kubudisa mashoko ezvokuchinja - chinja.

Mienzaniso Yokutanga Kuziva

  • Shashington Aya Ari Mari Ose eHurumende Zvinotaura databhegi: Iyi gadziriro inofamba noutano nemigumisiro yenhangemutange muyamupinyi, ichigonesa hurumende kuziva mapoka ane mwero yakakwirira yezvipatara zvinodzivisika uye nyajambwa wezvirongwa zvokutarisira.
  • Race neRuramisiro yenzanga Imbatire: Guta rinoda kuti ripe rimwe dhipatimendi riri rose regore negore Eququot Irdkit nokuda kwenzvero yose huru yemiitiro, kuhwirudzura mashoko pamusoro pokuti muitiro unotapura sei mapoka akasiana - siana edzinza.
  • Minnesota’s Data on Child Welfare: Pashure pokuwana kuti vana Vatema vakanyanyoratidzirwa mukutarisirwa kwokurera pakane 3,5 chiverengero chavagari vemo chavo chinogoverana, hurumende yakatanga purogiramu yokudzivirira mashoko yakaderedza kuiswa kwemashoko mu 20% mumakore matatu.

Kuunganidzwa kwemashoko kunofanira kuitwa mutsika, nezvinobatanidzwa munzanga kuva nechokwadi chokuva akavanzika uye kudzivisa kusimbisa kuzivikanwa kwezvimwe zvinhu. Sezvinoda kudaro, mashoko anoitwa kuti asvike pachena nemumabhodhi anobvumira vagari vemo kuti vazvidavirire.

Muitiro 2: Kuronga Mari Nokushandisa Mari

Miitiro yetsika yokuronga mari inowanzopfuudzira kusaruramisira kupfurikidza nokupa mari yakavakirwa pamiitiro yenhau inotsigira nharaunda dzakapfuma.

Purogiramu Dzinoshanda

  • .FTHFOGURES Funding Formulas: Masangano akafanana New Jersey neMassachusetts anoshandisa mari inorema yavadzidzi inopa mari yakawanda pavadzidzi vanowana mari shoma vadzidzi vakaderera uye vadzidzi vechiNgezi, kuderera kunoguma kwemikahasha yezviitwa mumakore gumi apfuura.
  • Health Equty Investice Fund: Maguta anoverengeka, kubatanidza Baltimore nePhiladelphia, akatanga mari yakatsaurirwa yokutaura nedzinodzivisa nzanga dzoutano, yakadai sedzisina kugadzikana kwedzimba uye magwenga ezvokudya (munharaunda dzine vanhu vashomanene).
  • [[FLT: 0] Ruramisiro Ruramisiro:[[FLT: 1] Metropolitan Transportation Authority muNew York City zvino inogovera mari yapamusoro yakavakirwa pa “indekisi yematransting” iyo inorangarira kuva pedyo kwemusvikiro wakaderera nenzanga duku kunzira dzapasi pevhu namabhazi.

Chinhu chinokosha kuchengetedza kuenzana kwemari yacho pachayo nejekiseni rimene, “masangano anotsvaka kururamisa kuti mari yaanenge akumbira ichaderedza sei kusaenzana, kwete kuti irambe iripo.

Muitiro 3: Kubudirira Kwemitemo Nekubatanidzwa Munzanga

Hurumende nehurumende dziri kuwedzera kushandisa manzwi evaya vanonyanya kukanganiswa nevanhu vari kurwisana nadzo.

Miitiro Yakanakisisa

  • COMMUNIY Advisory Boards: Portland, Hofisi yeEquotry neHogrations yeOregon inoronga dare renzanga rinobatanidza mitezo inobva kuBlack, Inowrist, uye vanhu vane ruvara (BIPOC) kuhwirudzura miitiro yose yakakarakadzwa yemiuyo yakaenzana.
  • Kubhajeta Mabhangi kweIndaneti: Mumaguta akadai seChicago naDurham, vagari vanosarudza zvakananga nzira yokushandisa nayo chikamu chemari yemanisiparati. Uyu muitiro wakatungamirira kumari yokuisa mumicheto mumapaki, mabharami, uye nzvimbo dzenzanga munharaunda idzo munhau dzakagamuchirwa zvishomanene.
  • Hurumende dziri kutsigira kuwanikwa kwomutauro, kuroja vanhu vanobva kumapoka maduku, uye kukoka misangano padzimwe nguva nenzvimbo zvakanakira mhuri dzinoshanda.

Nyika dzakawanda dzakashandisa “kurambidza bhokisi racho” kuti rishande basa rinoitirwa vanhu vose uye kuti ritore, dzichibvisa mibvunzo yezvakaitika kare pamafomu okutanga ebasa kuti dzideredze rusaruro rwedzinza mukupinza basa.

Simba 4: Kutonga uye Kuchinja Zvinhu

Hurumende nehurumende dzemo dzakapa zvikwereti zvakawanda zvakaitirwa kubvisa rusaruro uye kuwedzera mukana wokuwana.

Mitemo Inozivikanwa Yakawina

  • California’s Justice Act:[[FLT:] Uyu mutemo 2020 unobvumira vakwirirwi kudenha zvitendero kana kuti mitongo yakavakirwa paufakazi hwefungira mano akaipa ouganda mugadziriro yeruramisiro yamatsotsi. Yakatotungamirira kukushatirwa muzvinoitika zvinoverengeka umo vachuchisi vakabvisa vatongi vatema.
  • Indiclion Zoning Ordinances: Manisifemu anopfuura 500 zvino anoda kuti vagadziri vasa chikamu chimwe muzana chemayuniti sedzimba dzinodhura. Zvakawanda zvemirau inonangidzira pachena kubatanidzwa kwedzinza kupfurikidza nokutangira mhuri dzinobva mumiganhu yenhau.
  • Hupecured Expand: Uniteds idzo dzakakudza Medicaid pasi peAffordible Care Act dzakaona kuderera kukurusa munzvimbo dzisina kuiswa rudzi. MuKentucky, somuenzaniso, mwero usina kuchengeteka wavagari vemo vatema wakaderera kubva pa 20% kusvikira ku 8% pashure pokukura.
  • Police Reform Legislation:[[FLT: 1] Mitemo inorambidza miganhu, inoda makamera omutumbi, uye kutanga mabhodhi anotarisira vanhu vehurumende anozivikanwa zvikuru muhurumende noudzori hwakasimba kubva kumasangano eruramisiro edzinza.

Masangano anoronga anoitawo basa. Somuenzaniso, California Air Resources Board yakagamuchira “nzanga dzisina kusiana” shopu kuva nechokwadi chokuti mapurogiramu okuderedza kushatisa anoisa nzvimbo dzine vanhu vane ruvara rukuru.

Muitiro 5: Mubatanidzwa Wezvikepe

Hapana hurumende ine pfuma yose kana unyanzvi hunodikanwa kubvisa mamiriro ezvinhu akare asina kururama. Kushandira pamwe nemhindu dzisina maturo, masangano enzanga, mayunivhesiti, uye masangano esekete emunhu oga zvinogona kuwedzera tapuro.

Mienzaniso Inoita Kuti Tive Nepfungwa Dzakanaka

  • Imbata dzinotanga: [[FT:2] Imhedziro dzechikwata [[FLT]] dzinounza pamwe chete maruwa ezvikoro, madhipatimendi outano, uye mapoka asingapinduri purofiti munzanga dzakawanda kuvandudza miuyo yavana vemavara kubva pamavambo kusvikira pabasa. MuCincinnati, uku kuderedza musiyano wekubudirira wedzinza mukurava kwechitatu namapfundo 10 egumi ezvikamu zvegore.
  • Hukuru hwekubatira pamwe: Zvirongwa zvakawanda zvehurumende zveMedicaid zvino zvinobatira pamwe nezviremera zvedzimba kupa betsero yokurenda nokubatanidza mabasa nokuda kwavanhu vane ruvara vasino musha. MuOregon, mubatanidzwa wakadaro wakatungamirira kuderedzeko 40% mushanyo dzomukamuri rekurumidziro pakati pavanhu vanotora rutivi.
  • Commentaporation Equaty Coalitions: MuAtlanta, mubatanidzwa wavatsigiri vokufambisa, mapoka ekodzero dzavagari vemo, uye mabhizimisi omunzvimbomo zvakabhadharwa nenzira inobudirira nokuda kwomutero wehafu yemari yokutsigira kuwedzerwa kwenjanji kuva misha miduku inogamuchirwa.

Zvisinei, hurumende dzinofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti kubatana uku hakurerutsi kuzvidavirira kwevanhu kana kuti kukanganisa kusadzikama kwesimba kuripo.

Kuongorora Zvirwere: Zvakabudirira Uye Zvavakadzidza

Madison, Wisconsin: Kutaura Nezvetsika Dzakasiyana

Pashure pokunge nzvero yehurumende yazivisa kuti vatyairi veBlack vakanga vane bviro huru zvikuru kupfuura vatyairi vachena, Madison Police Department yakaita chinjo huru. Bazi rakavamba kushandisa mashoko kuzivisa mitoo yemhesano, vakuru vakuru vanorovedzwazve pamusoro pefungira dzakajeka, uye vakagamuchira muitiro wenyevedzo nokuda kwokudarika kuduku. Anopfuura makore matatu, kuparadzanisa kwedzinza mukuderera pa 35%. Chinokosha chakanga chasara chichitarisira nzanga ne 35%. Boka rehwirudzura renzanga (asiteri revagari vemo) rakaumbwa navagari vemo vakatapuko vakagoverwa kudzorwa kupfuurira.

Colorado: Kuwedzera Mararamiro Aunokwanisa Kuwana

Colorado’s Office of Behavioral Health yakatanga “Health Equity Fund” zvikurukuru nokuda kwenzanga dzeruvara, idzo dzakawanira mari mutsika mabasa outano hwendangariro mushambidzo yeDenver yeDenver Five menothers nerokushandisa shando dzinoshanda munzanga dzemaIndia okumaruwa eAmerica. Purogiramu yacho inodawo vatarisiri vose vebasa kuti varovedzwe pagore. Kunzvera kwakawana kuti mwero yokupedza kurapa pakati pavatengi veBlack yakawedzera kubva pa 55% kusvikira ku 78% mumakore maviri.

King County, Washington: Kufambira mberi Kunosarudzwa

King County akashandisa simba rayo rinovaka kugadzira “kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzokufambisa kusingawirirani". Matunhu akapoteredza zviteshi zvitsva zvenjanji dzinorerutswa. Vavaki vanodikanwa kubatanidza dzimba dzinodhura, uye zvavanoda zvinopiwa vagari vakabva kunharaunda dzakatemerwa ndudzi dzakabva kare. Konditi yacho yakatangawo nyika yakavimbwa kuti ivake kuti ive nechokwadi chenguva refu. Kubvira muna 2018, mayuniti 1 200 edzimba dzinodhura akavakwa muidzino, dzine 60% dzinodzorwa nemhuri dzeruvara.

Zvinetso Nezvipingamupinyi Zvokushandisa

Pasinei nokubudirira uku, mhinganidzo huru dzichiripo.

Kudzivisa Kuchinja

Kubva kuvavariro dzinodzorwa nedavidzo dzenzvimbo kusvikira kumasangano amapurisa. Nhange kazhinji kazhinji anoshora chinjo dzakarurama. Mumamwe maguta, mirayiro yedzimba inodhura yakaneteswa nedenho dzapamutemo kana kuti kukurudzira. Kupesana kwavose mukurwisana ne “rondedzero inodenha dzinza” kwakatonhodza kurukurirano pamusoro pemhatsa yedzinza muzvikoro. Kukunda ikoku kunoda kuvakwa kwakabatana uye kurukurirano yakajeka yenzira iyo mitemo yakarurama inobetsera nayo munhu ari wose.

Kusava Nepfuma Yakawanda uye Kukwanisa Kushandisa Zvinhu Zvishoma

Manisiparati maduku namaruwa kazhinji kazhinji haazati ane vashandi, gadziriro dzamashoko, uye unyanzvi hwokugadzira mapurogiramu etsika dzakaenzana. Hurumende dzinogona kubetsera kupfurikidza nokugovera mipimo yemibato yemibato nemienzaniso. Somuenzaniso, National League of Cities inopa “Racial Equality and Inclusion Stutter” iyo mataundi maduku anogona kuwirirana.

Kuyera uye Misiyano Yokuzvidavirira

Mitemo yakawanda haina miganhu yakajeka, yakasarurwa nokuda kwebudiriro. Pasina kushuma kwenguva dzose nemigumisiro nokuda kwokukundikana kuderedza paradzano, zvirongwa zvinogona kurasikirwa nesimba. Hurumende dzinofanira kuisa zviratidziro zvokuita nokusasarura mumishumo yegore negore uye ganhuriro dzemari yezvirongwa kuti dzifambire mberi.

Ngozi Yemigumisiro Isingakarirwi

Somuenzaniso, kuchinja kwemapurisa kwakanyanya kungatungamirira kumapurisa asinganyanyi kushayisa basa munzvimbo dzine vanhu vashomanana, zvichigona kusimudzira utsotsi.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi: Kuchinja Kwegadziriro Yokushanda Kwemakemikari

Kubvisa zvirokwazvo paradzano yedzinza mumabasa avose, hurumende dzenyika nedzomunzvimbomo zvinofanira kufamba kupfuura gadziriro dzendege uye nhano dzokuvandika. Muganhu unotevera unobatanidza chinjo yegadziriro:

  • Kubatanidza hofisi dzeHurumende: Nyika dzinoverengeka(kubatanidza Washington, Oregon, uye New Jersey] dzakatanga mahofisi akazvitsaurira etsika ane chiremera chokuhwirudzura bhajeti dzose nemirau inokarakadzwa nokuda kwetapuro yedzinza.
  • Kupa mashoko okuti “Kururamisira muMubato Wose” Tsarudzoro: zvakafanana ne“ Kurarama Mutsika Dzose,” hurumende dzinogona kuraira mabato ari ose kurangarira kuva akaenzana kwedzinza mumiitiro yaro yakakomba yokuita chisarudzo.
  • Kupinza muChinjo Dzenguva refu: Ikoku kunobatanidza miitiro inopesana yakadai senzvimbo inogoverwa nokuda kwedzimba munharaunda dzakare dzakashatiswa, kurambira kwapachena kwekoreji munharaunda dzinowanika dzakaderera, uye vimbisa vatyairi vemibhadharo nokuda kwenzanga shomanene.
  • Kuvaka International Capuatial Capasance: Fund ingada kutsigira kukura kwoutungamiriri munzanga dzine ruvara kuitira kuti zvisarudzo zvemiitiro zviitwe naavo vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwokurarama.

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runogoverawo zvishandiso zvitsva. Michina yokudzidzira inogona kubetsera kuziva mitoo yefungira mano mukutumirwa kwebasa(apo bedzi maarufabheti akagadzirwa netarisiro yenzanga nokujeka.

Mupeto: Chinonyandura Chiito Chinopfuurira

Mavambo edzinza ari mumabasa avose haadzivisiki. Anogona kuva mugumisiro wemazana amakore ezvisarudzo zvemiitiro, uye anogona kubviswa kupfurikidza nechiito chamaune, chibvumikiso chakavakirwa panzvimbo nenzvimbo. Kuunganidzwa kwemitengo, kuronga mari, kubatanidzwa kwakaenzana, kubatanidzwa kwemitemo, uye kubatana kweboka kunobatanidza nzanga kuumba chishandiso chine simba. Asi hapana pagadziriro idzi dzichabudirira pasina kuda kutsigiwa mune zvematongerwe enyika, mari yakakwana, uye kuzvipira kusingachinjiki kuisa manzwi eavo vanotaputswa zvikurusa. Sezvo hurumende dzakawanda dzinogamuchira idzi, uchapupu hunowedzera , uye mamiriro ezvinhu anobvira nokuda kwenzanga isingasarungwi. Basa racho rakaoma, asi mutengo wemazamari inorasika, utano hwakaderera, uye nzanga dzinoshatiswa zvikuru.