Kudzikamisa Rusununguko Nechengeteko

Ukama pakati pezvakavanzika nekotsekano yavose hwave huri hwakadzikama nguva dzose. Munguva yetsika, kudzikama uku kwatova kwakatonyanya kuoma. Maturusi chaiwo anoita kuti vanhu vakwanise kutaura pachena uye kuvandudzwa kwezvemari anopa simba rokuongorora zvisina kumboitika. Nyaya ino inopa kuongororwa kwakadzama kwokushanduka - shanduka kwokuongorora, nheyo dzakwo dzepamutemo, migumisiro yakwo yakajeka parusununguko rukuru, uye matanho anoshanda okuchengetedza rusununguko rwevagari vemo.

Kusunungurwa Kwevanhu Vose Chii?

Mvumo dzavagari vemo idziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo nerepamutemo dzinodzivirira vanhu pahurumende inonyengera. Hadzisati dziri ropafadzo dzinopiwa nehurumende asi kodzero dzinogarwa nhaka idzo nzanga dzinoziva nokubatanidza. Nepo ndaza yakananga ichisiana kupfurikidza nehurumende, rusununguko rwapakati runotapurwa zvikurusa nokunzverwa runobatanidza:

  • [[[FOM: 0] Rusununguko rwokutaura nokutaura[ - kodzero yokutaura pfungwa pasina kutya kutsiva.
  • Kururama nokuvandika [ - kariro yokuti upenyu hwomunhu oga, kurukurirano, uye mashoko hazvisati zvichiratidzirwa pasina bvumirano kana kuti ruramiso yapamutemo.
  • Rusununguko rwegungano nesonganiro – mano okuunganidza navamwe nokuda kwamadonzo ezvamatongerwe enyika, enzanga, kana kuti orudzidziso.
  • Muitiro wakafanira womutemo – maruramiro kumiitiro yakarurama netarisiro yekutonga hurumende isati yagona kutorera munhu upi noupi upenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti zvinhu.
  • Kudzivirirwa pakunzvera kusina mufungo nehosha [[FT: 1] – chimanikidziro pasimba rehurumende rokupinda mumisha, makombiyuta, uye miuyo yomunhu oga.

Uhwu rusununguko hahusati huri hwakakwana; hunogona kuva hunoganhurirwa apo kunenge kune fariro yehurumende inogombedzera, yakadai sokudzivisa ugandanga kana kuti kupedza mhaka dzakakomba.

Kugadziridzwa Kwechina Nokuchinja Kwakwo Kwemichina

Kwemakumi emakore, matare akadudzira kudzivirira kwaanoita kuti afukidze nzvimbo dzakadai semisha nemapepa. Asi sezvo mashoko aiendeswa kumichina yemakombiyuta, mubvunzo unokosha wakamuka: Ko Iwechina Amendment inoshanda here paemail, pamitemo, kana kuti pamashoko enzvimbo anochengetwa nemapoka echitatu?

Dare rapamusoro rakavamba kupindura uyu mubvunzo nezvisarudzo zvakadai se Riley v. California (2014, iyo yairangarira kuti mapurisa anowanzoda murairo wokunzvera zviri munhepfenyuro zvenhau dzeserura kuti asungwe. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, Carpitant v. United States[FLT]] [20208]) yakatonga kuti kupinza sero yenhau yenzvimbo yekare kuinosvika zvinyorwa zveChirungu chechina cheFirefu. Iyi nhau yechiratidzo inomirira kuchinja kuderera asi kunokosha kweratio realog-era kudziviriro yenyika. Kunyange zvakadaro, U. Hurumende inoenderera mberi kusvika pakuwana mashoko pasi pezvikamu zvakafanana nezvikamu 70 zveSaultiveFurcence (AFFograph), pasina kuungana.

Kuwedzera Kwezvigadzirwa Zvesayenzi

Kugadzirwa kweInternet uye kuwedzera kwemakombiyuta kwakaita kuti pave nenzvimbo umo zvinenge zvinhu zvose zvinoshandiswa pakombiyuta zvakangoerekana zvashandiswa.

Kuongorora PaIndaneti uye Kuunganidza Mashoko

Kushanyira nzvimbo dzepaIndaneti, kutsvakisisa, uye kutengwa paIndaneti kunoita kuti mashoko aya anyorwe. Hurumende dzinowana mashoko aya okutengesa nokumanikidzwa kwepamutemo (National Security Letters, madare) kana kuti nokuatenga kubva kumabhii. READ [FRANT] Foundation

Kuziva Maonero Anoita Vanhu Nekuongorora Mashandiro Anoita Makemikari

Ruzivo rwokuziva rwakaitwa namapurisa, masangano anodzora muganhu, uye kunyange mabhizimisi avanhu. Nepo vatsigiri vachitaura kuti runobetsera mukuzivisa matsotsi, fundo dzinoratidza kuti kazhinji kazhinji haruna kururama kuvanhu vane ruvara, kuchitungamirira kukusungwa kwakaipa. Chiviligin Liberaties Union (ACLU) yakanyora zviitiko zvakawanda apo vanhu vasina mhaka vakapinzwa. Mamwe maguta, kubatanidza San Francisco naBoston, akarambidza kushandiswa kwechiso, asi ruzivo rwezvokugadzirwa nenzvimbo dzinopfuurira kukura nokushandisa makamera anonzvera, ndege, uye kunyange miitiro yechikoro.

Kuunganidzwa Kwezvikamu Zvemari yeMitauro uye Kuwanda Kwemari

Mitemo yemitengo yezvikamu zviduku yakadai senhamba dzorunhare dzinonzi, nguva, uye nzvimbo, inowanzorangarirwa kuva isingatani kubatwa nehurumende. Asi, sezvo masangano ane ungwaru seNSA akaratidzirwa, miunganidzwa yemitemo yakawanda inogona kuzivisa udzame hwezvakapoteredza nezvoupenyu hwomunhu, kubatanidza masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika, kurongeka kwezvokurapa, uye ukama hwevanhu. Zvirongwa zvakaunganidzwa zvakakura zvakafukidzwa naEdwa Edward Snowden muna 2013 zvakasimbisa kuti hurumende igounganidza sei mitanhanharo pamamiriyoni evaAmerica pasina pamutemo. Kunyange zvazvo USA Free Act yakagumisa zvinyorwa zvakananga zvoupenyu hwemunhu nemunhu, zvimwe zvikamu zvekuongorora zvezvokurariranwa zvinoramba zvichiiswa pasi pezviremera zvepamutemo.

Mabasa Ezvepamutemo: Basa Rinodzivirira

Mitemo inodzora kunzvera yakaoma, kazhinji kazhinji inosiana zvikuru, uye inosiana zvikuru nenyika. MuUnited States, mamiriro ezvinhu anodzorwa muvhenganiswa wemirayiro yebumbiro-mitemo, mirau yehurumende, uye miitiro yesangano. MuEurope, General Data Protection Regial Regation (GDR) inogovera kusvika kwapachivande kukuru. Kunzwisisa izvi zvirongwa zvinokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoitira hanya pamusoro pekodzero dzavo.

Mitemo yeUnited States

  • Mwedzi Wechina [ – inodzivirira pakunzvera kusina mufungo, asi yakaneteswa nedzidziso yechitatu , iyo ine mashoko iwayo anogovera nokuzvidira nebato rechitatu (sekambani yorunhare) inorasikirwa nekariro ine mufungo yokuva voga.
  • Unyanzvi Hukurusa Urwendo rwekunze (FISA) Act - zvinodzora kunzvera kwemagetsi nokuda kwechengeteko yenyika. Mitemo yakadai seFisa Amendments Act (2008) yakakudza simba rehurumende rokuunganidza kurukurirano dzavanhu vasiri vaU.S. kunze kwenyika, asi kuunganidzwa kwebasa kwamashoko eAmerica kunobvumirwa.
  • PARITIOT Act (2001) - zvinonakisa zviremera zvokuongorora pashure pa 9/11, kubatanidza kusvika kuri nyore kuzvinyorwa zvebhizimisi newaya dzinofamba-famba. Zvimwe gadziriro dzakapera kana kuti dzakachinjwa, asi Chikamu 215 (zvinyorwa zvemabhizimisi) chakachinjwa, kwete kubviswa.
  • Kukurukurirana kwechinyakare namashoko echiNgezi Act (ECPA) – mutemo wa 1986 unosianisa pakati pamazuva akachengetwa e email anopfuura 180 (anoshandiswa saakaregwa) namashoko matsva. Kudikanwa kwokuvandudza kunobvumwa zvikuru, asi Congress haina kupfuudza mugadziridzo wakakwana.

Kudzivirirwa kweEuropean Union

GDPR, inobudirira 2018, inowanzodudzwa semupimo wendarama wekuviga mashoko. Inoda kubvuma zvakajeka nokuda kwokugadzirwa kwemashoko, kuraira kuti mashoko ashandiswe, uye inopa vanhu kodzero dzokupinda nokudzima mashoko avo. Zvisinei, GDPR inoshanda zvikurukuru kumakambani emunhu oga, kwete kumabasa okudzivirira enyika, ayo asingadiwi. Kuwedzera, EUPrivéctive Directive Directive inogovera dziviriro nokuda kwekurukurirano dzemagetsi. Masangano enyika muEurope akadzivisawo kunzvera kukuru; somuenzaniso, Dare reSangano reEurope reU. Shiey yeU.

Mikaha Nekusapindira

Chimwe chedenho hurusa ndechokuti mitemo yakanyorwa nokuda kwenyika inooneka inokundikana kubata zvomenesa zvekunyorwa kwegore, Internet- yezvinhu, uye uchenjeri hwokugadzira. Somuenzaniso, chibvumikiso chingadikanwa kunzvera runhare, asi mashoko mamwe chetewo akachengetwa pakambani angawanwa kupfurikidza nedare rehurumende pasina hwirudzuro yedare yezvisakiso. Kushaikwa kwomutemo wehurumende wakavanzika wakakwana wehurumende muUnited States kunosiya muunganidzwa wamashoko wakawanda zvikurusa usingadzorwi, uchibvumira hurumende kushandisa manyuko ezvokutengeserana.

Kufambira Mberi Kunoita Vanosunungurwa Nevagari Vemo

Migumisiro yokuongororwa kusingadzorwi haigumiri pakurasikirwa nokuva woga, asi inokanganisa zvinhu zvinoumba hurumende uye kuzvitonga kwomunhu oga.

Muuyo Unonyandura Pakutaura Kwakasununguka

Apo vanhu vanoziva kurukurirano dzavo dziri kuongororwa, vanochinja mufambiro wavo. Ikoku kunozivikanwa semuuyo unoparira [. Nzvero 2021 inoziviswa ne Pew Research Center [[ yakawana kuti vaAmerica vanopfuura 40% vakadzivisa kuisa chimwe chinhu paIndaneti nemhaka yeitiro hanya pamusoro pokunzvera. Muuyo unodudzwa zvikurusa pakati pevoruzhinji, vatsigiri, uye vatori venhau vanotarisana nengozi huru zvikuru yokudenha. Kuzvidira mungozi yemiriro yendangariro uye kuderedza kuzvidavirira kwehurumende.

Kukanganisa Misha Yacho Panzanga Dzakaganhurirwa

Munhau dzakapfuura, kunzvera kwakashandiswa kudzvinyirira nzanga dzeruvara. Kuvambira paCoNTELPRO kuongororwa kwevatungamiriri vekodzero dzavagari vemo kusvikira kunzvimbo dzinodeya kutaura zvamasaiti echikwata chazvino uno, gadziriro dzokunzvera kazhinji kazhinji dzinoratidzira nokusimudzira mirangariro yedzinza. Mushumo wakaitwa ne ACLU] wakawana kuti purogiramu yezvirongwa zvehurumende inoyera zvinotungamirira vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende kunzvimbo dzinonzi Black neLatinokaa, zvichitungamirira kukusungwa nokusimbisa nhevedzano yadzorwa kwemitemo yedzinza, seBlack Live Mattertion, yakadzorwa zvikuru nemitemo inoshandiswa nemiraudzo yemitezo yenzanga, mapepa ezviteshina, uye varapi.

Kushandiswa Zvisina Kufanira Kwesimba Nokushaikwa Kwoutarisiri

Masimba ezvokutsvaka akagadzirirwa kuchengeteka kwenyika akashandiswa nokuda kwemhindu yomunhu oga, matsive ezvematongerwe enyika, uye kunyange kushora shamwari dzenyengano. Muna 2021, Department of Justice General yakawana kuputswa kwakapararira nenhepfenyuro dzeFBI dzemiitiro yokunzvera muFisia. Kunyange zvazvo chinjo dzakatangwa, gadziriro dzakapoteredza kuongorora dzinoita kuti tarisiro yokunze isatongobvira. Pasina revo ine rechokwadi, bviro yokubatwa zvisina kufanira inoramba iri huru.

Matanho Anoshanda Okudzivirira Kusunungurwa Kwako Kwevagari Vemo

Nepo vanhu vasingagoni kubvisa nokungwarira kumwe chete, vanogona kugamuchira miitiro nematurusi zvinoderedza zvikuru kubatwa kwavo zvisina kufanira. Chinokosha ndechokuti vabatanidze dziviriro dzounyanzvi nezivo yapamutemo nebvumirano yehurumende.

Shandisa Kunyora Pamagwaro uye Kushandisa Zvinhu Zvakakotsekana

Kunyora mashoko chishandiso chimwe chine simba zvikurusa chokudzivirira kurukurirano. Misiano yokutumira yakanyorwa yakanyorwa seChiratidzo neChiishapp inovimbisa kuti mutumi nomugamuchiri vanogona kurava mashoko. Nokuda kweemail, rangarira kushandisa ProtonMail kana kuti Tutanota, iyo inoisa mashoko painenge yazorora. Mabhukwana akadai seBrave naFirefox anopa dziviriro yakagadzirwa munhevedzo. Nguva dzose shandisai muchina kuvanza kero yenyu yeIP, asi sarudza mushandisi ane purogiramu yemiitiro yemiitiro yeIP inobvumikiswa uye inoshanda kunze kwemitevero inodenha.

Dzikisa Tsoka Dzako Pakunyora

  • Dzima mabasa enzvimbo pafoni paunenge usingadi. Sarinya Bluetooth naWi-Fi setager mumabumbiro evhuro.
  • Shandisa mainjini okutsvaka asingakutsvakisi, akadai seDuckDuckGo kana kuti Stuckpage.
  • Funga uchishandisa mashoko okuwedzera akadai seAscreen Sync Badger kana kuti u Sit Origin.
  • Mawebsite akawanda ane “Usatengesa My Personal Information” akabatana neCCPA/CPRA.
  • Dzivisa kushandisa chiratidzo chimwe papo (Google/Facebook) nokuda kwebasa rechitatu, sezvo kupinda kumwe nokumwe kunopa mushandi mashoko akawanda.

Ziva Kodzero Dzako uye Ivanza

Kunzwisisa maruramiro ako apamutemo ndiwo mutsetse wokutanga wedziviriro. muUnited States, une maruramiro okuramba kunyarara uye maruramiro okuramba kunzvera. Kana ukafemerwa navashandisi vomutemo, unotaura zvakajeka, kuti: “Ndiri kushandisa kodzero yangu kuti ndirambe ndakanyarara. Handibvumiri kukunzvera. Ndinoda kutaura kugweta.” Usavhura runhare rwako kana kuti kugovera mashoko okusaidza pasina maruramiro. Kuvafambi, Dare reNzvitima (TSA) harigoni kukugombedzera zviri pamutemo kuvhura dhirowei dhikichai pasina fungidziro ine mufungo. yeuka kuti ACLU neEFF:] Kuziva maruramiro ako.

Tsigira Kuchinja Kwemitemo Nezvemitemo

Zviito zvomunhu mumwe nomumwe zviri madikanwa asi hazvina kukwana pasina chinjo. Shandisa masangano anotsigira maruramiro akavanzika, akadai seACLU, EFF, uye Center for Democracy & Technology. Tsvaka vamiririri vako vakasarudzwa kuti vakumbire kupfuudzwa kwemitemo yakavanzika yakazara se American Datamfic and Protection Act [ADPPA] uye kuchinja kuongorora mitemo yakadai seFISA. Tsigira zvirongwa zvomunzvimbomo zvinodzivisa ruzivo rwokuongorora zvinhu, zvakadai sokuzvidzwa nechiso kana kuti kutarisirwa kwenzanga kwemapurisa.

Iva Mutengi Wounyanzvi Hwokugadzira Zvinhu Anopanikirwa

Usati wagamuchira app itsva kana kuti chishandiso, verenga muitiro wayo yakavanzika nezvinoshandirwa. Ngwarira mabasa e “mabasa akasununguka” anopinza mashoko ako. Rangarira mabasa okuzvisundira amene akafanana nerefu rapanguva inotevera nokuda kwokuchengeta faira kana kuti Bitwaden nokuda kweshoko ramanzwi. Kushandisa makombiyuta esclet-home, kuaisa parutivi rwakasiyana rwechikwata che(VLAN) ndokudzivisa zvinhu zvakadai sokuwana kana kuti kurekodha kana kuti kunzwika.

Kukosha Kwedzidzo Nechibvumirano Chedzidzo

Kurwira rusununguko rwevanhu munguva ino yokuongororwa hakuzoitwi neruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu chete, asi kunoda vanhu vanonzwisisa kuti zvinhu zviitwe uye vanoda kudzivirira kodzero dzazvo.

Kupinza Zvinhu Zvisiri Zvepakombiyuta Muchirongwa Chechikoro

Zvikoro zvinofanira kudzidzisa vadzidzi kwete bedzi nzira yokushandisa nayo ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu asi nzira yokuyera nayo nokungwarira mabasa emichina. Zvidzidzo zvinogona kubatanidza zvinhu zvinokosha zvokunyorwa kwamashoko okunyorwa, muenzaniso wezvemari wezvougandanga, uye kurovedza maoko mugadziriro dzemunhu ari oga. Dzidzo yakadaro inopa vanhu vaduku simba rokuita zvisarudzo zvezivo uye kuvagadzirira kuva vagari vemo vapinzwa mumugariro wapamutemo avo vanogona kuzvidavirira kuhurumende namasangano.

Kuronga Hurukuro Yenzanga uye Yavose

Maraibhurari omunzvimbomo, nzvimbo dzenzanga, uye zvisingapinduri zvinogona kuisa nzvimbo dzokushandira pamichina inochengetedzwa. Misangano yehoro yeguta uye kutemwa kwemashoko pamichina inoongorora zvingapa vagari vemo inzwi. Kupfurikidza nokuita kuti kuvandika nhau yenzanga panzvimbo pomutoro womunhu oga, chiito chakabatana chinobvira. Mitemo se Kurega LAPD Sping Coalition[ yakaratidza kuti dzvinyiriro yeuswa inogona sei kutungamirira kugadziridza ndokuderedza purogiramu dzokuongorora.

Kusimudzira Kukura Kweruzivo Rwezvigadzirwa Zvepanyika

Pakupedzisira, pane dikanwo yemipimo yetsika muindasitiri yetechnology. Masangano anoisa nzvimbo yakavanzika yakavanzika yavashandisi nokujeka zvinofanira kuchengetwa nokutsigirwa. Vatengi vanogona kuvhota nechikwama chavo kupfurikidza nokusarudza zvimwe zvigaro zvakavanzika kunzvimbo dzinodzorwa. Kuisa paruvara nokuda kwe “kugadzirwa kwechinodikanwa chemitemo” sechinodikanwa chapamutemo, sezvinokarakadzwa neGDPR, chinoda kurangarira rusununguko rwavagari vemo mukubudirira kubvira pakutanga.

Kutarira Mberi: Nguva Yemberi Yerusununguko Rwavagari Vemo

Kurwisa pakati poungwaru nerusununguko rwavagari vemo hakusati kuri kutsva, asi muganhu wemitemo wakawedzera. Zvekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakadai sekunzvera inzwi, vhidhiyo, uye mufambiro; kukura kwamaguta akachenjera; uye kupararira kwakagonesa kusimbiswa ne 5G mibatanidzwa yenhau . Kumanikidza kuti tisundire munyika yokuona chose chose. Zvisinei, nhau inoratidzawo kuti kurwisana nemunyengeri kunogona kutungamirira kukudzivirirwa: kuratidzwa kweSnowden kwakasunda USA Freedom Act; kushambadza kwaCambridge Analyticad GDPR; uye George Flod kupikisa kunyandura nharo pamusoro pezviso. Kufamba kwapamberi mberi hakudzivisiki. Kunotsamira pakusvinurira kwavagari vemo, pematare, uye uchenjeri hwemitemo. Kudzivirira kunoda kusununguka kwenguva dzose, asi kunoda nhamburiko yapamutemo.