Mavambo Ane Simba: Kunzwisisa Chinangwa Chokutanga Kwenyaya Yacho

Mashoko okusuma eUnited States anotopfuura zvikuru kuzarurwa kwetsika. Mashoko ebasa akapfava, akarongwa namaune ayo anozivisa kuti ndiani ari kugadza hurumende, chikonzero nei vari kuita kudaro, uye nokuda kwemigumisiro yokupedzisira. Mumashoko 52 bedzi, vaFramers vakabudisa zvishuvo zvehurumende itsva muzvinangwa zvitanhatu zvikuru zvakatungamirira vaAmerica kutonga kwamazana amakore anopfuura maviri. Iyi ndima yehwaro inogadza nzvimbo nokuda kwegadziriro yose yemitemo, ichiyeuchidza chizvarwa chiri chose kuti hurumende inowana maruramiro ayo kubva mukubvumiranongedzerwa kwayo uye iripo kuti ibatire vanhu.

Bumbiro reMitemo risati ranyorwa, Theapons of Confederation yakanga yaumba hurumende ine utera yairwisa kupedza rwisano pakati pezvigaro, kusagadzikana kwezvemari, uye tyisidziro dzenyika. Pregedge yakaratidzira kuputsika kukuru kubva paikoku kwakakundikana kupfurikidza nokusimbisa kuti hurumende itsva yaizova mubatanidzwa wapachokwadi worudzi, kwete chibvumiranowo zvacho chehurumende inotonga. Yakatanga chiono chehurumende inotonga nehurumende inotonga pamwe chete, inoshanda mururamisiro, rugare, dziviriro, garikano, uye rusununguko. Kunzwisisa kutaura kumwe nokumwe kwePregatoria kunokosha nokuda kwokunzwisisa mavambo ouzivi nenheyo yehurumende inotonga vanhu yeAmerica.

Mashoko Akazara Nenhau Dzakaitika Kare

Sumo yacho inorava, kuti:

" Isu vanhu veUnited States, muRwisano kuumba Ungano yakakwana zvikuru, kutanga Ruramisiro, maruramiro okudzivirira mumba, inogovera dziviriro dzavose, inotsigira Nzanga, uye kudzivirira Zvikomborero zveRusununguko kwatiri timene nePresi redu, itai Bumbiro remitemo nokuda kweUnited States of America.[FLT]

Yakadzokororwa muna 1787 mukati meConvention yeBumbiro reMitemo muPhiladelphia, Sumo yakanga iri basa raGouverneur Morris, uyo aitungamirira Dare resimboti. Mutauro wake wakanga uchiita namaune uye uchitarira mberi. Kutaura kwokuzarura kwokuti “Isu vanhu” takanga tichichinja (jeri) yakatsiva Zvikamu zva “Isu Vamiriri vakagadzwa veUnited States” ndokusimbisa kuti chiremera cheBumbiro reMitemo chaifamba zvakananga kubva kuvagari veAmerica, kwete kunyika. Panguva apo miganhuro neumambo zvaidzora nyika, ikoku kwakanga kuri kuzivisa kukuru kwouchangamire hwakakurumbira.

Sumo yakatenderwa pamwe chete neBumbiro reMitemo muna 1788. Haina kutongogadziridzwa, uye mutauro wayo unoramba une simba nhasi sezvawakanga wakaita muzana ramakore rechigumi namasere. Nokuda kwokunzvera zvakadzama muitiro wokunyora, National Archives[ inogovera zvipikiri zvapakuvamba uye zvinonyorwa zvenhau.

Kurega Kutevedzera Mirayiro Mitanhatu

Nheyo idzi nhanhatu hadzishandi sepfungwa dzinoshanda asi semisengwa yokutsigirana inoumba gadziriro yepamutemo neyezvamatongerwe enyika yorudzi.

“ Isu Vanhu” – Uchangamire Hwakakurumbira

Chikamu chikurusa chinoshandura dare rePregedge iziviso yaro yokutanga. Nokuisa uchangamire mu “Vanhu,” vanoramba kodzero youmwari yamadzimambo ndokusimbisa kuti chiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika chinobva mukubvumira kwechidzoro. Iyi nheyo inopa bazu riri rose rehurumende: vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vanopindura kuvavhoti, Bumbiro remitemo rinogona kuchinjwa kupfurikidza nomuitiro wehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, uye vagari vemo vane maruramiro okukumbira chinjo. Murangariro wouchangamire hwakakurumbira unoramba uri mavambo okuzivikanwa kweAmerica kwezivikanwo yezvamatongerwe enyika uye unowanzokumbirwa munharo pamusoro pekodzero dzokuvhotera negatiro yedhiyo yedemocracy.

2. “Mubatanidzwa wakakwana zvikuru” – Chinzwano Chorudzi Nokuwedzera

Chitsama chemashoko chinoti “Union yakakwana zvikuru” inobvuma kuti Union yakaumbwa muNhevedzo yakanga isina kukwana. VaFramers vakatsvaka kugadzira gadziriro yehurumende yakasimba zvikuru, inowirirana zvikuru ingagona kupedza gakava pakati pehurumende, kudzora kutengeserana kwenyika, uye kupa nhevedzano yakabatana munhau dzokunze. Iyi nharidzano yakaedzwa yaedzwazve. Nhamburiko yakaedzwa nenhamo zvikurusa mukati meHondo yeChizvarwa chavagari vemo (8) asi inoramba ichipfuurira sechikumbiro nokuda kwechinzwano pakati penharaunda, zvamatongerwe enyika, uye nzanga. Chimiro che “Uningoni imwe chetero yezvikamu zvakakwana” chinoreva kuti basa rechinzwano hachisati chichitongokwanidzirwa; chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kuvavarira kukudza zvisungo zverudzi rumwe.

3. “Batsirai Ruramisiro” – Kutonga kwoMutemo Nounyoro

Ruramisiro, mupfungwa yebumbiro remitemo, inoreva kuvamba gadziriro yapamutemo inobata vanhu vose zvakanaka pasi pomutemo. Madisons akatanga jaji rehurumende rine simba rokududzira Bumbiro remitemo nokupedza rwisano. Kukumbira kwePregail kweruramisiro kwakatangwa nechisarudzo chedare gurusa, kubva Marbury v. Madison [kugadza kuhwirudzura kwedare] ku Brown v. Board yeD yeDzorowarame reDzodzidzo ] (ri kudzo). Inoitawo nhamburiko dzinopfuurira kuvandudza ruramisiro ruramisiro yeutsotsi, inovimbisa dziviriro yakaenzana pasi pomutemo, uye kusimudzira kusvika kumitengo yepamutemo.

4. “Kusimbisa Kushanda Kwemhuri” – Rugare Rwomukati neNhevedzo

Runyararo rwemhuri runonongedzera kurugare mukati memiganhu yenyika. MaFramers ainyatsoziva nezvenyongano yakanga yamuka muNhevedzano, zvikurukuru Rupanduko rwaShay rwa 1786-87, urwo rwakaratidzira kusakwanisa kwehurumende huru kuchengeta nhevedzano. Bumbiro reMitemo rakapa hurumende chiremera chokudzivisa kumukira ndokuvimbisa hurumende imwe neimwe rudzi rwehurumende yehurumende. Nhasi, rugare rwemhuri runobatanidza chinhu chiri chose kubva mukutsigiswa kwomutemo uye kuita ngwavaira kusvikira kukutamisirwa kworugare kwesimba nechisarudzo cherwisano dzenzanga kupfurikidza nemiitiro yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende.

5. “Zvirongwa zvekudzivirira kwavose” – National Security

Kuzvidzivirira kweNational ibasa rehurumende. Preggey inojekesa kuti hurumende iripo kuti idzivirire nyika patyisidziro dzokunze. Iyi nheyo yakaruramisa kuumbwa kweuto rakamira, Department of Defense, uye chishandiso chikuru chouchenjeri. Inopawo mavambo ezvibvumirano, zvibvumirano zvakadai seNATO, uye kupindira kwehondo kune dzimwe nyika. Chitsama chacho chakakura namaune, chinobvumira chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe kududzira tyisidziro, kubva kuhondo dzenguva dzose kusvikira kudzokororo neugandanga.

6. “Kurudzira Ugarikano Yavose” – Kuunganidza Zvakanaka

“ Wevelfare” ndeimwe yemashoko anokakavadzana zvikurusa mumutemo webumbiro remitemo. Panguva yokuita kuti zvinhu zvive zvakashata, yakanzwisiswa senheyo inotungamirira yokushandisa mari nemitemo zvehurumende, kwete secheki isina chinhu yepurogiramu ipi neipi yehurumende. Framers yaida kuti Congress ishandise masimba ayo anorongwa (zvakadai sokubhadharwa nokushandiswa) munzira dzinobetsera rudzi rwose, kwete fariro dzakaganhurirwa. Chitsama chamashoko chakashandiswa kururamisa Social Security, Medicare, zvirongwa zvemishoni, uye zvirongwa zvoutano. [[FLT:]] Dare reNational Constitution Center rinopa kunzvera kwakakwana kwenzira iyo “magateltic Tracrativerity" yakaturikirwa kupfurikidza nenhau.

7. “Tichengeterei Zvikomborero Zvorusununguko Nezvatinowana Mushure meChizvarwa Chazvino Nezvenguva Yemberi

Rusununguko ibwe rinokosha revavariro dzePregary. Vagadziri vakatsvaka kwete bedzi kuchengetedza rusununguko rwavo vamene asi kuruchengetedza nokuda kwevagari vose veAmerica vemunguva yemberi. Iyi mhiko yechizvarwa chinobva musiyano yeBumbiro reMitemo. “Liberty” muMagariro aVakaandi yaibatanidza rusununguko pahurumende inosarudzwa, dziviriro yekodzero dzezvinhu, rusununguko rwechitendero, rusununguko rwokutaura nerwokudhinda, uye kodzero yokutora rutivi mukutonga. Bill of Rights gare gare gare idziviriro inokudza iyi. Nhasi, kurwisa kukudza rusununguko (kuguma kwouranda), kodzero dzevakadzi, kodzero dzehurumende, uye muchato unoratidza kuenzana kwevimbiko, zvinonzi kusununguka muupenyu, zvinonzi zvinobatsira.

Basa Resumo Mukududzira Bumbiro Remitemo

Kunyange zvazvo Sumo isati ichipa masimba ehurumende api naapi chaiwo kana kuti kuita maruramiro avanhu anogona kudzorwa mudare, ine uremu hunokosha. Dare Gurusa rakadudza sumo senhungamiro kunzwisisa madonzo eBumbiro remitemo. Somuenzaniso, mu Marbury v. Madison[FLT] [180] [1] [1803], Mutongi Mukuru John Marshall akakumbira kutaura kwechiremera chamatongerwo emitemo kuti aruramise kuhwirudzura. Mcloch. Mary v[FLT][FLT] [18]), Dare ranongedzei Preggtion ku “kuratidzira kudzivirira noku“ . promote".

Pregegege inobatirawo sechinhu chisingapinduri mhinduro muhurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Mapurezidhendi anowanzoinokora mashoko mukero dzokutanga, mitezo yeCongress inoikumbira pakutanga mutemo, uye vagari vomunyika vanoududza mutsamba kuvapepeti venhau nokuramba kwapachena. Ipfundo rinogoverana renongedzero rinosimbisa pfungwa yokuti hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica chirongwa chinopfuurira chakasimba mukubvumirana nedonzo.

Dzidzo Nokudzidza: Kudzidzisa Sumo

Prevention ndirimwe ramagwaro okutanga ebumbiro remitemo ayo vadzidzi veAmerica vanosangana nawo. Inowanzova inodzokororwa muchikoro chepuraimari, asi revo yayo yakazara inopedzerwa kupfurikidza nefundo yakadzika muchikoro chapakati, chikoro chapamusoro, uye kupfuura. Convics Prevery anosimbisa Pregtion kubetsera vadzidzi kunzwisisa kuti Bumbiro reMitemo remitemo harisi chinyorwa chapamutemo chakaoma asi gadziriro mhando yakagadzirirwa kuwana zvinhu zvechipo chemari. Masangano akafanana ne Mutendi weCBIcillet Education[ anogovera zviwiro zvinokurudzira kufunga kuoma pamusoro pezviito zvose zvePregget.

Vadzidzisi vanoshandisa Sumo yokutanga kurukurirano pamusoro peicho “ruramisiro” inoratidzika kuva inoita, kuti“ rugare rwemumba” runodzikamisa sei chengeteko norusununguko, uye kana mitemo yehurumende yazvino uno ichi “betsera chaizvoizvo garikano.” Kupfurikidza nokubatanidza Sumo kunhau dzapanguva ino dzezvoutano, muitiro wokuchinja kwezvokubuda munyika, chinjo yemamiriro okunze, uye chengeteko yenyika − `educator) zvinobetsera vadzidzi kuona kuti Bumbiro reMitemo rinoramba riri chirongwa chakafanira nechasimba nokuda kwokuzvidzora.

Zvirongwa Zvenguva Ino uye Matambudziko

Nheyo dzokutanga hadzina kubatana; dzinochinja sezvo kunzwisisa kwenzanga hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu kunokura.

Uchangamire Hwakakurumbira Munguva Yetsika Netsika

“ Isu vanhu” tashandisa mashandisiro matsva. Kukumbira kwepaIndaneti, zviito zvesocial widition, uye gadziriro dzokuvhota dzemagetsi zvinobvumira vagari vemo kupinda zvakananga zvikuru muudzori. Bva zvinetso zvakadai senhema, kudzongonyedzwa kwokumwe muvhoti, uye mibvunzo pamusoro pokunzvera maatomu yeatmal mesting pamusoro poutano hwakakurumbira. Kuchengeta kuvimbika kwakarongwa kwakasanozivikanwa uye kuchengetedza sarudza kunokosha kuchengeta chipikirwa chePregeing iripo iri mhenyu.

Kutsvaka Mubatanidzwa Wakakwana Murudzi Rwakakamukana

Kuparadzana kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kusawirirana kwenharaunda, uye kukamukana zvinotyisidzira donzo rechinzwano chorudzi. Nhamburiko dzokuvhara, dzakadai semitemo yebipartisa, zvirongwa zvebasa renyika, uye zvirongwa zvekurukurirano dzenzanga, kuedza kwazvino uno “kuumba Union yakakwana zvikuru.” Pregedge inoyeuchidza vaAmerica kuti chinzwano chinoda basa, shiviriro, uye kudisa kuwana nzvimbo imwe cheteyo.

Kururamisira uye Kuenzana

Kukumbirwa ku “Ruramisiro yakagadzwa” yakatungamirira kumasangano nokuda kwokuva norusaruraganda, kugadziridzwa kwamapurisa, uye LGBTQ+ maruramiro. Mutemo weWaramende wakadai seCivil Rights Act ya1964 neVoting Rights Act ya1965 zvakanga zvichiedza kuita kuti ruramisiro ive yechokwadi nokuda kwavose. Nhasi, nharo pamusoro pokugadziridzwa kweruramisiro yeutsotsi, kusungwa kwavazhinji, uye mutongo worufu zvinopfuurira kuedza kuzvipira kwerudzi kunheyo iyi yakavambwa.

Kunetsa Mumba Nehurukuro Yavagari Vemo

Kuramba kune rugare uye mutemo zvinokosha nokuda kworunyararo rwemhuri. Kutanga hakumanikidzi kunyarara; kunoda murairo wokuti kudzikamisa chengeteko yavose nerusununguko rwekuungana kunoramba kuri denho inotambudza, zvikurukuru mukati menguva dzenyongano dzenzanga. Kukwanisa kwehurumende kuchengeta runyararo apo kudzivirira rusununguko rwevagari vemo kuratidzirwa kwakananga kweiyi nharidzano yebumbiro remitemo.

Kuzvidzivirira Kunozivikanwa Navose Munyika Yakaoma Kunzwisisa

Zvinetso zvekuchengeteka kwenyika dzakawedzera: kutyisidzira njodzi dzepaIndaneti, ugandanga hunoitwa nemishonga yenyukireya, uye kusagadzikana kwemamiriro okunze.

Kubudirira Kwemabhizimisi uye Kudzora Upfumi

Chikamu chemashoko chegakanwo yegarikano chinotsigira mimbure yekotsekano yenzanga yazvino uno. Nharo pamusoro petarisiro yezveutano yepasi pose, kusaenzana kwemari inotambirwa, uye kupambadza kwehurumende panzvimbo yepfuma nedzidzo zvose zvinobatanidza dudziro dzinokwikwidzana dzeicho “kuzivisa Mugariro Wavanhu vose”. Pregary haisati ichiraira miitiro chaiyo, asi inobvumikisa kuti mutoro mukuru wehurumende ndewegarikano yose yavanhu.

Kuchengetedza Rusununguko Rwezvizvarwa Zvenguva Yemberi

Kudzivirira rusununguko rwezvizvarwa zvinotevera kunobatanidza kuchengeta masangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, muchina wokubudisa nhau wakasununguka, dare rezvigaro zvavagari vemo rakadzidza.

Nhaka Yemavambo: Nhungamiro Mhenyu Yechinyorwa Chipenyu

Mashoko okusuma anoramba ari rutivi runokosha rworudzidziso rwehurumende yeAmerica. Inodzokororwa pamitambo yokuberekwa nayo, inotsikirirwa pamapepa ehurumende, uye inokumbirwa muhurukuro dzourudzi. Mutauro wayo wakagadziriswa namamwe marudzi namasangano anotsvaka kuita kutaura kwavo vamene kwenheyo.

Kuziva kwePregedge kuri muupfupi hwakwo. Hakusati kuchigadza zvigadzikiso chaizvo asi kunodzika mavambo etsika. Sangano rimwe nerimwe guru munhau yeAmerica (kuvambira pakuparadza nokushora kukuvakwa kwekodzero dzavagari vemo nemhoteredzo) kunosvika kuchiremera charo chetsika kudzokera shure kuzvipikirwa zvePregegeing. Chinodenha chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe kubvunza: Tiri kuumba Dare rakakwana zvikuru here? Tiri kugadza ruramisiro here?

mhedziso

Mashoko okusuma eUnited States Constitution anopfuura zvikuru kutanga nhau. ikambasi inonongedzera kumifungo youchangamire hwakakurumbira, chinzwano, ruramisiro, rugare, chengeteko, garikano, uye rusununguko. Kunyange zvazvo isingapi maruramiro anomanikidzirwa, inopa nyaya iri yose negadziridzo nedonzo. sezvo vaAmerica vanokakavadzana nhungamiro yehurumende yavo, Pregegedge inoramba iri chiyeuchidzo chine simba cheizvo rudzi runoda kuva uye nheyo dzinofanira kutungamirira rwendo rwarwo.

Nokuda kwokunzverazve kwepesvedzero yePreggey pamutemo nenzanga yeAmerica, Nhevedzo yeNational Archives inopa zvinhu zvikuru zvapamavambo, nepo Constitution Center yeNyika [ inogovera zvinhu zvinobetsera uye rondedzero dzenyanzvi. Masangano aya anobetsera kuvimbisa kuti “kuchengeta zvikomborero zveLiberty" zvinopfuurira kuwirirana nechizvarwa chiri chose.