Kutanga Unyanzvi Hwokufunga Hunobatsira Kuongorora Mashoko Ari Nani Muupenyu Hwechibayiro

Kutanga: Kuda Kufunga Kunonetsa Muhurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu Nemadhigita

Munhambo inorondedzerwa nokuwanwa kwenguva dzose kwamashoko (kubva mukupunza mashoko kumirariro yamavhairasi anobudisa nhau dzenzanga) mano okufunga nenzira yokungwarira akachinja kubva paunyanzvi hunobetsera hwedzidzo kuenda kuchinodikanwa chinokosha chougari hwemo hwenhau hwakavimbika. Mugari wemo wazvino uno haasati achingova zvake mutengi wemashoko asi mubato wokushingaira muzvinhu zvakaoma umo mashoko akajeka, mashoko asina kururama, uye zivo yechokwadi zviripo. Migumisiro yokukundikana kunzvera mashoko nenzira inobudirira yakakwirira: kuvimba kwakaipa mumasangano, kukura zvikuru musocietal placantigation, uye zvisarudzo zvisina mufungo pamusoro penhau dzinovambira pautano hwehurumende yomunzvimbomo.

Kufunga kwokurangarira, sezvinorondedzerwa ne Nhamba yeCritical Thing, muitiro unoranganwa wokushandisa nokushingaira uye nounyanzvi, kushandisa, kunzvera, kuyera mashoko akaunganidzwa kubva mukucherekedza, ruzivo, fungidziro, kana kuti kurangarira. Hachisi pamusoro pokuva asina tariro kana kuti kusava nechokwadi nezvechinhu chiri chose; panzvimbo pezvo, chiri pamusoro pokuva ano mufungo nouchenjeri. Nyaya inopa nhungamiro yakakwana kukukukukudziridza unyanzvi ihwo, kugovera mazano anoshanda nokuda kwavadzidzisi, vadzidzi, uye mugari ari wose anoda kunzvera mashoko nokujeka nokuvimba.

Basa Rokufunga Kunonetsa Mubatanidzwa Wechikwata

Kutora rutivi kwokushingaira kwenzanga − kungava kuvhota, kupinda horo dzetaundi, kana kuti kupinda mukurukurirano dzapaIndaneti — kunomira panzvimbo yechisarudzo chine mirangariro yakanaka. Kufunga kwokuoma kunogonesa vagari vemo kupfuvura kupfuura kukwirira kwemirangariro uye mativi okutaura kuti vabatane nefaniro duku dzenhau.

Kuziva Zvisarudzo Kupfuura Mavhairasi

Pakunzvera chikarakadzo chemiitiro kana kuti mwero wechenjedzo, vafungi vanotsoropodza havatsamiri pamisoro mikuru imwe. Vanonzvera mifungo iri pasi, vanorangarira mifungo yakapesana, uye vanoyera miuyo inobvira yenhambo refu. Somuenzaniso, muvhoti anosanoyera gadziriro yokuchinja mutero achanzvera bhajeti yakazvimirira pamasangano akafanana ne Policy Center [, kuienzanisa nezvikarakadzo zvakafanana mune dzimwe nyika, uye kupanikira kuti inowirirana sei nezvinokosha zvavo vamene nezvinokosha. Iyi muitiro unochinja pamutemo kubva mukuita chiito chamaune.

Nyaya Dzokukurukura Dzakapesana

Kufunga kwokufunga kunonyanya kunoparirawo mano okupinda muhurukuro yavagari vemo. Mumhoteredzo yakasiana, nharidzano yekurukurirano inowanzochinja kubva pakunzwisisa kusvikira kukuwina. Mufungi atsoropodza, zvisinei, anoshandisa kunzwira urombo kwoungwaru (mano okudzokorora zvakarurama murangariro unopesana pamberi pokuunyora. Uku kuderedza kudzivirira uye kunotanga suo kutsinhano yechokwadi. Kunokurudzira vagari vemo kubvunza mibvunzo inonzvera: "Chii chingachinja ndangariro yako?" kana kuti "Chii chinotangira iyi mirangariro?" Mibvunzo yakadaro inogona kutungamirira kurwisano yechinetso chinobudirira.

Kuzvidavirira Pasimba

Vagari vomunyika vanofunga kuti vadzore vagari vomunyika vanozvidavirira. Apo vakuru vakuru vanotaura pamusoro pemwero youtsotsi, kukura kwemari, kana migumisiro yedzidzo, vanhu vakavimbiswa zvakakomba vachabvunza manyuko emashoko acho, cheka mashoko akapoteredza (g., nhamba dzose) uye tsvaka kuti vazvionese. Kukwanisa kuongorora zvinhu zvisina kubatana. Kukwanisa kuongorora zvinhu zvinonzi zvinoshandiswa pakushandisa zvinhu zvisina kubatana se . FOCCCC. org kana kuti [FLT:]PULTF]

Magove Okufunga Kunotsoropodza uye Nzira Yokukushandisa Nayo

Kunzwisisa chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu zvinobatsira pakuzvigadzira nemaune, haisi nyaya imwe chete inopa pfungwa.

Kuongorora: Kurega Kupopotedzana

Nzvero inobatanidza kuziva kutaura kukuru, zvikonzero zvinotsigira, uye fungidziro huru muchikamu chipi nechipi chamashoko. Somuenzaniso, pakurava chikamu chemirangariro, munzveri anotsoropodza achaparadzanisa mhedziso yomunyori noufakazi hwaanogovera, uye ipapo kunzvera kana ufakazi hunotsigira zvomenemene mhedziso. Kushandisa nzvero, edza mutoo we "Mapu" yakanyorwa ndokuinyora nemhedziso iri pamusoro, tsigira zvikonzero zvinotsigira zvinotsigira mativi ari pasi, uye nzvimbo ipi neipi inoshaikanwa yakanyorwa mumabhokisi.

Kuongorora: Kuongorora Kunogona Kuitwa

Haasati ari manyuko ose akasikwa akaenzana. Kunzvera kunobatanidza kuyera kuvimbika, unyanzvi, uye fungidziro dzinobvira dzamanyuko. Chishandiso chikuru nokuda kwaikoku icherekedzo yeCRAP (CRAP, Relevance, Authority, Une reconficial, Donzo), inosimudzirwa navagari verabhutaria paCalifornia State University, Chico. Somuenzaniso, apo unowana nhamba pamusoro pemitengo yejekiseni, munzveri achanzvera: Ko manyuko imagazini yezvokurapareji inoonwa kana kuti inosimbwa pachakoshekerwa here? Munyori ane zvikwanikiro zvakakodzera here? Ko aya mashoko anoramba aripo panguva ino here? Unyanzvi iko ichiri kunyanyokosha zera reAIAI-genteverate, apo manyuro anogona kupwisa nyore nyore kuoneka.

Kungwarira: Kugumisa zvine mufungo

Kuregeredza muitiro wokurangarira kubva kuufakazi kusvikira kumhedziso. Zvisinei, kunoda kuziva mirangariro yepfungwa inogona kunzwika. Somuenzaniso, kuvapo kweheurist kunoparira vanhu kunyanyisa uzhinji hwezvinoitika zvinoshamisa nemhaka yokuti zvinoyeukwa zviri nyore. Kunatsirwa, rovedza "kuguma kwegumo": nyora mhedziso dzose dzinobvira dzinogona kusvikwa nenzira ine mufungo. uye cherekedzawo mhedziso dzisingagoni kururamiswa. Varindi ava vanodzivisa kusvetuka.

Tsananguro: Kurumbidza Kurangarira Nenzira Yakajeka

Kufunga kwakanakisisa kunoshatiswa kana kusingagoni kukurukurwa. Kurota kunoda kujeka, kururama, uye kujeka pamusoro pomuitiro wokurangarira kwomunhu. Mukurukurirano dzomunharaunda, ikoku kunoreva kusataura zvaunodavira bedzi, asi chikonzero nei. "Ndinotsigira uyu muitiro nemhaka yokuti unoderedza mutengo wezvoutano wenhambo refu mukuwirirana nefundo yeCommonwealth Fund, uye nemhaka yokuti unoisa ngwariro inodzivisa" unonyengetedza zvikuru uye unozaruka zvikuru kunzvera kupfuura "Ichinhu chakarurama chokuita." Rondedzera kupfurikidza nokunyora, rugwaro rwakavakirwa pazvinoitika zvazvino nokuda kwako umene.

Kuzvidzora Nokufungisisa

Zvichida chinhu chinodenha zvikurusa kuzviisa pachako chakaenzana nejere rokuzvinzvera kunopfuurira kwokufunga kwomunhu amene. Ikoku kunobatanidza kuziva zvinoparira mirangariro zvinokanganisa chisarudzo, kupanikira fungidziro dzomunhu amene, uye kuva anodisa kuvandudza zvitendero mukutarisana noufakazi hutsva. Muitiro wakapfava wezuva nezuva ndowokubvunza: "Mashokoi andakawana nhasi ayo akadenha mirangariro yangu iripo? Ndakakurumidza kuiramba here?

Zvirongwa Zvinoshanda Zvokuvaka Unyanzvi Hwokufunga Hunonetsa

Kuti munhu akudziridze unyanzvi uhwu anofanira kurovedza nemaune, kwete kungoverenga achingogara achiverenga chete.

Nzira Yechisosha: Kubvunza Chinhu Chiri Chose

Mutoo wechiSocratic, wakapiwa zita romuzivi wechiGiriki wekare, unobatanidza kubvunza nhevedzano yemibvunzo yokunzvera kuti ufumure zvitendero zvine donzo nepokusiana kune mufungo. Mukirasi kana kuti pakati peshamwari, edza zvinotuma: [

• " chii chaunoreva chaizvoizvo na [X [[FLT]?
• ] [[FLT]]] [5]] [icho chiri ufakazi hwei nokuda kwezvinoreva?[FLT:] [FLT]] [FLT]] [idzi]] [ingava tsananguro yakasiyana?[FLT:] [FLT]] [FLT]]

  Kurovedza Mutambo Wokuverenga Nekunyora Nekunyora Zvinowanikwa Muzvinhu Zvinobatsira Upenyu Hwose

  Kunyora nokunyora mashoko ichinhu chikuru chokufunga kwokutsoropodza munguva ino. Kurovedza kunoshanda zvikuru kuongorora nhau imwe cheteyo seyakataurwa ne3: zvinobuda mumashoko zvinonzwika ne8..

  Nharo Nokuwana Murangariro

  Gakava rakaisvonaka nokuda kwokutsoropodza kufunga nemhaka yokuti rinomanikidzira vapindi kunzvera ndokudzivirira nzvimbo iyo vangave vasingabati. Zvisinei, kusaronga kuona nzvimbo kunogona kuva kune simba rakafanana. Pakurava nyaya inomutsa nharo, pedza maminiti mashanu uchinyora pfupiso kubva pamurangariro womunyori, ipapo nyora mashoko okuoneka. Vavariro haisati iri yokuwana asi kunzwisisa mufungo uri mukati wenzvimbo imwe neimwe. Ikoku kunoumba kuchinjika kwouchenjeri kunokosha mukurangarira nhau dzakaoma.

  Kuongorora Chokwadi Setsika

  Usati wagoverana kana kuti kuita chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa, ita kuti udzore idi. Shandisa nzvimbo dzakananga dzakadai se Snopes nokuda kwenyevero dzevhairasi, kana kuti Bhei ufakazi [[[FLT:]] chirongwa chokubvisa mashoko enhema ezvamatongerwe enyika. Nokuda kwemifananidzo, shandisa mashandiro okunzvera. Nokuda kwezvirongwa, ronda kudzokera kufundo yayo yapakuvamba kana kuti mashoko ehurumende. Iri basa harisati richingodzivisa bedzi kupararira kwenhema asi rinovakawo muitiro wendangariro wokuva nezvokwadi.

  Kupinza Kufunga Kunodenha Mudzidzo Yamararamiro

  Kunyange zvazvo tsika imwe neimwe ichikosha, kubatana kwakarongwa muzvikoro kunoita kuti unyanzvi uhwu huve pachena, nzira dzinotevera dzakasimbiswa nokutsvakurudza kwedzidzo.

  Kudzidza Nemapepa Ane Mupimo

  Dzidzo yakavakirwa pabasa (PBL) inogona kugadzirirwa kuraira zvakajeka kufunga kukuru. Somuenzaniso, boka pachinjo yemamiriro okunze ringagona kuita kuti vadzidzi vagone kuyera zvikarakadzo zvakasiyana- siyana (mutero wecarbon, cappe-trade, murairo wakananga) kupfurikidza nokunzvera tapuro yavo yezvemari, mhoteredzo inobudirira, uye kusagona kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Vadzidzi vanofanira kuunganidza mashoko kubva mumanyuko akawanda, kuyera kushambadza, uye kudzivirira rumbidzo yavo mukunzwa kwavose. Basa romudzidzisi kubvunza mibvunzo yemetacogicbaccury, yakadai se "Imipimoi yauri kushandisa kusarudza?" uye "Ndiani asina manzwi anobva mumanyu?"

  Kuongorora Zviitiko Zviri Kuitwa Mazuva Ano Kudzidzisa

  Purogiramu yevhiki nevhiki "Argument Autopsy" inogona kuva inobudirira zvikuru. Vhiki rimwe nerimwe, vadzidzi vanounza mashoko mapfupi (apo, chiso chezvamatongerwe enyika, nzvimbo inoratidzirwa yesociation) ndokushanda kupfurikidza nenzvero yakarongwa: ziva kutaura, ufakazi, maruramiro, uye zvikanganiso zvinobvira. Pashure penguva yakati, vadzidzi vanoumba mashoko emashoko ezviwiro zvine mufungo (muitiro wehomine, chinetso chenhema, munhu mushati) anovabatsira kuchetura kurukurirano chaiyoiyo yenyika. Zvipikiso zvinobva ku Unyengeri hwako hunogona kubatira senongedzero pfupi.

  Kudzidza Basa Kunoda Kufunga Kunotambudza

  Kudzidza basa kunobatanidza kubatanidzwa kwenzanga nokudzidza dzidzo yedzidzo, asi kunofanira kubatanidza fungidziro yakarongwa yakakomba kudzivisa kurangarira kwakakomba. Somuenzaniso, pashure pokuzvipira pabhengi rezvokudya, vadzidzi havafaniri kungorondedzera bedzi ruzivo rwavo asi kunzvera zvisakiso zvegadziriro zvokusachengeteka kwezvokudya, kuyera kushanda kwekupindira kwakasiana - siana, uye kurangarira pamusoro pemifungo yavo vamene pamusoro pourombo. Journali inokurudzirwa inoita kuti basa rive nechokwadi chokuti basa rinova chinhu chokufunga kwokutsoropodza panzvimbo pokungonzwawo basa rakanaka.

  Kukurira Mhinganidzo Dzokukura Kwokufunga Kunodenha

  Kunyange nevavariro dzakanakisisa, mhinganidzo dzinoverengeka dzinogona kudzivisa kutanga kwokufunga kwokutsoropodza.

  Kupinza Mashoko Akawandisa

  Neavhareji inoparadza zvakaenzana na74 gigabytes dzamashoko zuva nezuva, kuri nyore kunzwa wakurirwa. Chigadzikiso hachisi kupedza zvishoma asi kupedza noune zvikuru. Chidzikatidza musengwa wemanyuko akakwirira (kokuti muenzaniso, NPR] NY [ nokuda kwenhau dzakadzikama, kana kuti Confecist[ nokuda kwokunzvera kwokudzikama. Shandisa zvishandiso zvakafanana naRS kupfuudza mazati anoorora. Rongedza nguva dzakajeka dzakati dzakatirwa nokuda kwokushandisa kudzorwa kwenhau panzvimbo yapa kuti kudzokere.

  Kutarisana Nekusimbiswa kweBias

  Kusimbisa tsvete-temwa kwepfungwa dzinotsigira zvitendero zviripo(ichi) zvichida muvengi mukurusa wokufunga kwokutsoropodza. Imwe nhano ndeyokuzviratidzira umene noune kuenzana, manyuko akavimbika kubva kune rumwe rutivi. Zvinyorere kupepa kana kuti nyora dzinomirira mirangariro yakasiana (g., Kure, rudyi /[FLT]] [[FLT:]] kana kuti [[FLT]] DATY). Paunosangana neidi rinotsigira murangariro wako, nokukurumidza bvunza: "pane manyuko akavimbika aya aya manyuko?" Kugadzira "magadziro enhau yaMoziro" kunogonawo kubatsira; apo unochengeta nyaya, unoponesawo.

  Kugadzirisa Kupindura Kwepfungwa

  Nyaya dzinodzorwa nemhepo dzinonzi shututiss - der `Immignation'": Kutora mutemo wechipiri" usati wapindura musoro unomutsa kana kuti tsinhiro, kufema nokuverenga. Shandisa nguva kubvunza kuti: "Ndinonzwa sei? Kuzvideredza. Kuderedza izvi, shandisa mutemo wechipiri" usati wapindura musoro unomutsa kana kuti tsinhiro, fema zvikuru uye verenga kusvika kugumi. Kushandisa nguva yacho kubvunza kuti: "Murangariroi wandinonzwa? Chirango chakananga? Chiri kukuchikuchii? Nokufamba kwenguva, iyi migariro youngwara kuti iite nemhinduro panzvimbo yokurangarira.

  Kugadzirisa Kusadzidziswa Kwemararamiro Avo

  Vanhu vakuru vakawanda havana kumbodzidziswa zvakajeka kufunga kwokutsoropodza. Sezvineiwo, hakuna kunyanyononoka kutanga. Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvapachena paIndaneti zvinowanika, zvakadai seUniversity of Queensland’s "Critical Thinking Skills for University Surduction" paEDX, kana kuti Yunivhesiti yeMichigan’s "Mandla Game" nhevedzano. Kunyange kutsaurira 20 maminiti echidzidzo chakagadzirwa kunogona kuva nevandudziko huru. Vadzidzi, kubatanidza izvi mukubudirira kwenyanzvi vanogona kuvimbisa unyanzvi hwavo.

  Mugumisiro: Kuvaka Mugari Wemo Anofunga

  Kutanga unyanzvi hwokufunga kwokutsoropodza hakusi chinhu choumbozha; dziviriro inokosha pakuderera kwokuziva, udzori hwedemocracy. Munguva umo maatomiki emitemo anogona kukudza nhema nokukurumidza zvikuru kupfuura zvinogona kudziruramisa, mano okunzvera mashoko nenzira yokungwarira ndiwo chishandiso chine simba zvikurusa chine mugari wemo. Kunogonesa vanhu kugura noruzha, kudzivisa kubatwa zvisina kufanira, uye kugovera nenzira ine revo kuhurukuro yavose.

  Nyaya ino yataura zvinhu zvikuru zvinoumba kufunga kwokutsoropodza, yakagovera zvirongwa zvinoshanda nokuda kwokubudirira, uye kukurukura mhinganidzo dzinozivikanwa navose. Asi kukura kwounyanzvi rwendo runopfuurira, kwete nzvimbo. Nguva iri yose mugari wemo paanobvunza nhamba inonyumwira, anotsvaka manyuko echipiri, kana kuti anopinda mukurukurirano yokuremekedza nomumwe munhu waasingabvumirani naye, vari kusimbisa tsandanyama dzoungwaru dzedemocracy. Vadzidzisi, vabereki, uye vatungamiriri venzanga vane mutoro mukuru wokuita mhoteredzo umo unyanzvi ihwo hunokosheswa nokushandiswa. Kupfurikidza nokuita kudaro, hatizvishongedzeri bedzi asi tinawo kurangarira kukura kwapa kudikanwa kwezera ravo uye kuvaka nzanga inovakwa nokufunga zvikuru.