Dzidziso shomanene mumutemo wemitemo weAmerica dzinonyandura gakava guru seremavambo. Uhu uzivi hunodudzira (8) uhwo hunoti revo yeBumbiro remitemo yakamiswa panguva yokunatsa kwayo (8) inoumba nenzira yakananga nzira iyo matare, vaiti vemitemo, uye vagari vemo vanosvika nayo nhau dzinokakavadzana zvikurusa dzokutaura kwakasununguka nokunzvera hurumende. Kunzwisisa pesvedzero yapakuvamba paidzi nharo kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoda kunzwisisa rondedzero yeFirst Amendment jurispruction muudzo hwenhau muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri neredzi.

Kunzwisisa Kutanga: Nheyo Dzemitemo Nezvakasiyana - siyana

Chitendero hachisi rondedzero yepfungwa imwe chete asi mhuri yenzira dzinodudzira dzinogoverana musengwa mukuru: Bumbiro reMitemo rinofanira kunzwisiswa mukuwirirana nerevo yaro yapakuvamba panguva yarakagamuchirwa. Mapazu makuru maviri idonzo repakuvamba revo yamashoko [, iro rinobvunza icho vagadziri vorugwaro somunhu oga kuti vapedzei, uye yakava revo yavanhu vose, iyo inotsvaka revowose yokuti raikwidza yaizova yakanziwa namashoko. Yapashure, yakatsigirwa naGwaGahluleri Antonin Sccalia, yazova chiva chisakiso chikuru mujurisruprudence yazvino uno.

Vanodavira pakuvamba vanotaura kuti mutoo uyu unodzivisa chisarudzo chokutonga, unodzivisa vatongi kuisa mipimo yavo yomunhu oga, uye unochengeta kuzvidavirira kwehurumende. Seizvo Mutongi Scalia mushakabvu akataura nenzira yakakurumbira, Bumbiro reMitemo i “gwaro rakafa" (apo rakafa mupfungwa yokuti revo yaro haichinji kutoti yakagadziridzwa nenzira yapamutemo, ichigovera dzikamo nedeyano. Zvisinei, vanotsoropodza havagoni kufungidzira kuti ufakazi hwenhau hunogona kuva hushomanene kana kuti hunorwisana, uye kuti hunokundikana kutaura nezvechinjo dzechinoumba.

Nhamba huru dzesangano remavambo dzinobatanidza kwete bedzi Scalia asiwo Robert Bork, Randy Barnett, uye misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvikuru, Mutongi Neil Gormoth neMutongi Clarence Thomas. Manyoro avo nemirangariro zvakaumba nzwisiso yazvino uno yorusununguko rwokutaura pasi pegadziriro yemavambo. Nokuda kwechiono chenyanzvi, ona Encyclopedia yeFilosofist transme ye

Kuchinja Kwokutanga Kunoitwa Nokuchinja Kwedzidziso Dzepakutanga

First Amendment inopa kuti “Chibvumirano hachisati chichizotongoita kuti mutemo urege kuganhurira rusununguko rwokutaura, kana kuti rwokubudisa nhau.” Kumunhu wepakuvamba, mubvunzo mukuru ndoweichi “rusununguko rwokutaura” chaireva mukupera kwezana ramakore rechigumi namasere. Kunzwisisa ikoko kwakanga kusati kuri kodzero yakakwana yokutaura chinhu chipi nechipi, asi murangariro wakaganhurirwa wakavakirwa mumutemo wavose weEngland nomuitiro wehurumende inotongwa nehurumende.

Panguva yokuzvidzwa, mutemo weChirungu waizivikanwa navose wairambidzwa pamberi pezvirambidzo pakubudiswa (gadziriro dzemitemo) asi wakabvumira chirango pashure pokubudiswa nokuda kwokupandukira, kutuka, uye ushati. Zvisinei, nyika zhinji dzeAmerica dzakanga dzatoramba mativi eInglayism relibject. Chikanganiso chaMajeri cheStition, chakapfuudzwa neFederalist Congress, yakashorwa netsoropoteswa, zvinonyadzisa, uye mashoko akaipa pahurumende. Ichi chiito chakanga chakashorwa zvakasimba naThoma Jefferson naJames Madison, uyo akachiramba Virginia Revotion kuti rusununguko rwokutaura nokubudisa nhau yaireva kuti pamberi pezvidzoro uye kuti zvokwadi yakanga isina kudzivirira pakoshambadzwa kwemitemo yemitemo yemitemo yehurumende.

Vanhu vaiongorora nyaya dzekare vainyanya kutaura nezvenguva yokutanga, vaiti Dare Rokutanga rakaitirwa kudzivirira kutaura kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kudzivirira hurumende kuti dzisaongororwa kuti dzisashore vakuru vakuru vehurumende.

Kodzero Dzokutaura Dzakasununguka Dzichiitwa Pasi Pokure

Simba rekuchinjanisa mashoko nekodzero dzokutaura rinooneka zvikuru muzvisarudzo zveDare Rapamusorosoro zvinotsamira panzvero yenhau. Mu Diformation of Columbia v. Heller (2008) uye New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Breen[FL]] [2022], Dare rakashandisa kurangarira kwapakuvamba kutsigira maruramiro epfuti pfuti. Nepo nzira yokutaura yakasununguka, mutoo unorairidza: Dare rakanzvera nzwisiso yenhau yerudyi uye ipapo raida miraudzo yazvino unowirirana nokunzwisisa ikoko. Mumashoko, kurangarira kwakafanana muzvinoitika [[FLD]] United States.[10]

Vatongi vepakutanga vanowanzosava nechokwadi nezvikamu zvitsva zvokutaura kusina kudzivirirwa, zvakadai se “kuvenga kutaura” kana kuti“ kunyandura” kwakakura kupfuura Brandenburg v. Ohio mupimo. Vanotaura kuti kunzwisisa kwenhau kwe“ rusununguko rwokutaura” hakuna kubatanidza kupesana nepfungwa dzinogumbura kana kuti dzinovenga, kungotaura zvakaparira zvakananga chiito chokusateerera mutemo kana kuti kupinda mumhizha yenhau sezvinoshatisa kana kuti kuzvidza.

Imwe nzvimbo umo nhau dzedzidziso yapakuvamba idzidziso yokubatanidza,(httle) kana kuti First Amendment ichishanda kuhurumende dzenyika nenzvimbo. Bumbiro remitemo rapakuvamba rakangomanikidza bedzi hurumende yehurumende yehurumende. Ineneth Amendment, yakasimbiswa muna 1868, yakaturikirwa gare gare kushandisa Bill of Rights kuhurumende. Masangano edzidziso dzepakuvamba anokakavadzana kana vamiriri veKingramende ye 1450 Demendment vachivavarira kubatanidza Bill yekodzero dzemunhu kana kuti mamwe maropafadzo nedziviriro. Kubatanidzwa kwekodzero dzerusununguko rwokutaura kweDare repamusoro reCepublic yagamuchirwa zvikuru, asi vamwe vapakuvamba, kufanana naThomas, vakapikisa zvimwe zvisakiso, zvakadai semaropafadzo kana kuti maImmunion Claus, izvo zvinogona kuchinja kudzivirira kutaura munzira dzamanomano.

Kuzvidzora Nemirangariro Yechiito: Hurumende Nevaiti Vemitemo Vavanhu

Pesvedzero yetsika dzokutanga pakurukurirano pamusoro pekunzvera dzakadzika midzi, zvikurukuru sezvo musiyano pakati pehurumende nokunzvera kwomunhu oga uchidzikira zera remitauro. First Amendment inoganhurira chiito chehurumende bedzi / kwete makambani echibharo enzanga okubvisa zviri mukati macho hachisi “chisi chidzoreso” mupfungwa yebumbiro remitemo. Vazivisi vanosimbisa uyu musiano, vachisimbisa kuti hurumende haigoni kumanikidza mapati kuti iite kutaura (se izvo mimwe mitemo yehurumende yakaedza) nemhaka yokuti ikoko kungadzongodzosa kodzero dzechikuvara.

Zvisinei, apo hurumende imene inonzvera (1919), Mutongi Oliver Wendell Holmes akabudisa pachena kudzorwa kwe “ngozi huru neyazvino, ” kana kuti kutaura kunogombedzera , anochinja kunhau. Somuenzaniso, mu Schenkck v. United States [1919], Mutongi Oliver Holmes akaedza kutsanangura“ ngozi yapanguva ino" kuedza kuyera ganhuriro pakutaura munguva dzehondo. Nepo kusati kuri murangariro wepakutanga (Holmes akanga ari mumiriri wePragmastist), mhaka yacho inoenzanisira kuti matare ane kutaura kwakadzikama kwakadzikama sei mukurwisana nokuchengeteka kwenyika. Vazivi vehurumende vaizobvunza: chii chakanga chiri nzwisiso yapakuvamba yesimba rokudzivisa kutaura munguva dzenjodzi? Chibvumirano chakabvumiranwa chaSdeyamutsigirikowo nesimba guru rapakuvamba.

Nyanzvi dzapakuvamba dzazvino uno dzinotaura kuti simba rehurumende rokunzvera rakaganhurirwa zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, kusiiwa kwenhau nokuda kworuzvidzo kwakanga kuri kwapashoma uye kwaibatanidza mashoko aifadza ku “fariro huru,” kwete yose yakajeka muvatano. Nenzira yakafanana, kuzvidza kwakaganhurirwa nechinodikanwa chokuti kutaura kwacho kuve kwenhema uye kunokuvadza kumukurumbira. Vazivi venhau vanozengurira zvikuru kukudza aya mapoka matsva akafanana ne“ nhau dzechinyakare” kana kuti “chinjo,” nemhaka yokuti hakuna chiremera chenhau chokudzora kwakafara kwakadaro kwezvokwadi. Nokuda kwekurukurirano yenhau yakajeka nerevokushanduka chitarisiko chazvino uno, ona [[FLT:] Oylez ye [F:]

Nhau Dzakasiyana Nokutaura Kworusununguko

Vanhu vaiongorora nyaya dzekare vanoziva kuti First Amendment yaisanzwisiswa kuti idzivirire kutaura kwose.Nguva yakatanga kuzivikanwa kuti pane mitemo yaishandiswa nevanhu vose yaidzivirira rusununguko rwokutaura”:

  • [ Kuzvidzora[: kutaura kwakashata, kunonyengera, kana kuti kunonyadzisira, sezvinotongwa nemipimo yenzanga uye kushaya ukoshi hwakakomba hwounyanzvi kana kuti hwesayenzi.
  • mashoko anorwisa [: kutuka kwomunhu kunoitwa nomunhu anonyandura kupunzika kworugare nokukurumidza. Uku kusiiwa kwakazivikanwa mu Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire[FLT] [1942] asi kwakangoshandiswa zvishoma.
  • Kuparadza [: kutaura kwenhema kunokuvadza mukurumbira. Masvomhu angataura kuti mupimo chaiwoiwo wakatangwa muNew York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964) (1964) wakapfuura nzwisiso yapakuvamba, iyo yakabvumira zvokwadi sedziviriro asi haina kuda chibvumikiso chokuziva nhema nokuda kwavakuru vakuru vehurumende.
  • Kunyandurwa kuchiito chokusateerera mutemo chiri pedyo: kunatsiridzwa kwazvino uno kwe “ngozi yakajeka neiripo” yapamberi pezvi, zvino inodzorwa ne Brandenburg[ mupimo (1 969).

Mugumisiro wacho unoratidza kuti kuongorora, kunyange kutaura kunogumbura kana kuti kunokuvadza, kutoti nhau ichiratidza zvakajeka kuti kutaura kwakadaro kwairangwa panguva yokutangwa.

Zvinetso Zvanhasi: Kutaura Nemadhigirii, Kuvenga Kutaura, uye Kunyepera

Kuda kutanga kwakananga kunotarisana nomuedzo wakwo wakaoma zvikurusa apo kunoshandiswa kunhau dzapanguva ino idzo vagadziri vasina kutongorangarira. Revo yakatsiga yegumi namasere yezana rapakati inogona sei kudzora zvikamu zvemasangano enhau, kutumira mashoko kwakavanzika, uye nzanga dzepasi pose paIndaneti? Vazivi vemavambo vanopindura kuti nheyo, kwete unyanzvi chaihwo hwezvigadzirwa, dzinotsungirira. Nheyo yezvidzoreso inoshanda kuvhara pepanhau sezvarinoshanda kutsika inodzivisa pepanhau. Nheyo yokuti hurumende haigoni kuranga kutsoropodza vakuru vakuru vehurumende inoshanda kuvhidhiyo yeYoutube sekadhi.

Bva vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti kunzwisiswa kwevagadziri vemitemo ye “reactive” hakuna kubatanidza kunzvera kwapamutemo, kuisa ganhuriro kusingazivikanwi, kana kuti nhimbe dzokusabatanidza mashoko. Izvi zvinoitika zvinomutsa mibvunzo iyo kunzvera kwapakuvamba kusingagoni kupedza nyore nyore kupfurikidza nokutarira nhau. Somuenzaniso, mutemo wehurumende unofanira kuraira kuti zvikuvarire kudzongonyedzwa kwevhoti dzokumwe kurangarirwa kuva kwetsororo? Kana revo yapakuvamba yeFirst Amendment yakanga iri zvikurukuru pamusoro pokudzivisa pamberi pezvidzo, ipapo mutemo unoda kuti kubviswa kwezvisaririra zvezvizhinji zvezvinaro zvakati kuti zvingabvumirwa. Asi kana revo yapakuvamba ikabatanidza rusununguko rwakakomba rwehurumende mukudzora pamusoro pepepanhau, ipapo zvirevo zvakadaro zvaigona kuputsa kuparadzanisa kwezvinobudisa nhau nehurumende.

Gakava pamusoro pekudzora kutaura kworuvengo nderimwe divi. Muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzokuMadokero dzakawanda, mitemo yokutaura inovenga inoganhurira kutaura kunonyandura ruvengo kana kuti rusaruro. United States, mutsika ine gamuchidzanwa rakasimba rokutaura, haina ruvengo rukuru rwokutaura (jee) nemhaka yokuziva pakuvamba nokurangarira mashoko. First Amendment inoti “hapana mutemo... unoganhurira rusununguko rwokutaura,” unova nomukurumbira wakakwana, unova pasi porusarurano. Somuuyo, kutaura kuri kwourudzi, uzivi hwevatano yevatano, kana kuti zvimwe kushatiswa kunodzivirirwa nenzira yapamutemo kutoti kwawira muboka rimwe rakakurumbira. Ichi chimiro chinosianisa United States neGermany, Canada, uye United Kingdom, izvo muganhu wakasununguka mukupesana nemimwe mipimo.

Misinfontry, zvikurukuru pamusoro poutano hwavanhu vose nasarudzo, yakasunda kuraira chiito chehurumende. Vatsigiri vemavambo vanowanzodzivisa murairo wakadaro, vachitaura kuti hurumende haifaniri kuva mutauriri wezvokwadi. Panzvimbo pezvo, mushonga wekutaura kwakashata ikurukurirano yakawanda (inheyo yakavakirwa mumifungo yakafungwa naJohn Milton naJohn Stuart Mill, uye inodzokororwa muRumbiso rwehurumende. Nokuda kwechimiro chazvino uno chakakurumbira mu [FLT: 0]]Abrams v. United States) (19). Kupesana ikoko, kunyange zvazvo kusiri kwokusaidavira kwapakuvamba mumitoo, kurangarira kwechizvarwa chehurumende. Nokuda kwemaonerwo apakuvamba pamusoro pekushandisa kutaura kwehurumende, ona [FLT] Mutemo uyu paIntername paFFFF]

Basa Rezvipfeko Zvevanhu

Musiyano unotsoropodza mukurukurirano dzenzvero dzazvino uno ndiwo musiyano pakati pehurumende nechiito chavanhu voga. Apo Twitter kana kuti Facebook inobvisa zviri mukati, ikoko hakusati kuri kuputswa kweFirst Amendment nemhaka yokuti kugadziridzwa kunobatanidza hurumende bedzi. Vanzveri vemavambo vanotaura kuti hurumende haifaniri kumanikidza zviteshi kuti zvisataure. Somuenzaniso, kupfurikidza netyisidziro dzechiito chokusabvumirana kana kuti kurukurirano dzinoshanda zvinochinja zvinhu zvinoyera. Nemhaka yezvipo, zvikuva zvakasununguka kushandisa chisarudzo chavo vamene chokunyora nhau. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kukusawirirana: zvimwe zvinodzivisa mirangariro inocherekedzwa, asi kunzvera kwapakuvamba kunokarakadza kuti kurapa kupi nokupi kupfurikidza nomutezo unodzivirira kupfurikidza.

Zvinetso Nezvinotsiva Kududzira Kutaura Kwakasununguka Kwokutanga

Mutoo wekuvamba wekutaura norusununguko wakasiyana nokutsoropodzwa kukuru. Vanzveri vebumbiro remitemo vanotsinhirana kuti revo yeBumbiro remitemo inofanira kushanduka kuti iwirirane nemigariro mitsva, uye kuti vagadziri vamene vakarongedzerwa nokuda kwedudziro inochinjika. Vanoonesa kuti First Amendment yakashandisirwa kudzivirira zvimiro zvemashoko vatangi vaisagona kuve vasina kufungidzira, zvakadai semifananidzo inofambika, marekodhiyo enzwi, uye bumbiro remitemo. Kuvapenyu vemitemo yemitemo yemitemo, ukoshi hwerusununguko rwokutaura neredhiyoruzhinji.(individvid ound ogamendicture ad synd /dommanernance /hn recum recurective recurences recurences recurences, kwete revo yakaredro.

Nyanzvi dzezvokunyora dzinotsoropodza kuoma kwemavambo nokuda kwokuva dzakanyanyooma uye nokuda kwokufuratira miuyo chaiyoiyo yenyika yezvisarudzo. Mumashoko akapoteredza okunzvera, ivo vanotaura kuti mutoo wenhau bedzi ungadzivirira kutaura kunokuvadza kunosekesa miitiro yedemokrasi, yakadai semiitiro yakadzika kana kuti kushata kwemavhairasi. Vanofarira muedzo unodzikamisa unorema unoisa fariro yehurumende muganhuriro yekutaura, panzvimbo pechisimbwa chenhau chakakwana.

Imwe i revo yamashoko , iyo inogoverana ngwariro yapakuvamba parugwaro asi haidi hayo revo yenhau kuva yakafanana neyazvino uno. Vanyori vanotarira revo yakajeka yamashoko seanonzwisiswa nhasi, iyo inogona kusiana nerevo yavanhu yapakuvamba. Justice Scalia, mutsigiri wamashoko naapakuvamba, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji akakudza maviri, asi gare gare, kufanana noMutongi Kagan, akagamuchira manyoro anochinjika zvikuru ayo pane dzimwe nguva anosvotapukira kubva mudzidziso yapakuvamba.

Pasinei zvapo neiyi mifungo yapakuvamba, mavambo anoramba ari simba guru muAmerican jurisprance. Simbiso yaro pamasimba oufakazi enhau navanopa mhaka kuti vabatanidze zvakakomba nenhambo yokuvamba, iyo inowanzozivisa kuti dziviriro dzamanyukunyuku dzinopfuvura kupfuura kunzwisiswa kwapakuvamba. Somuenzaniso, chisarudzo cheDare Gurusa mu Chibingens United v. FÉC[FLT] (2010), icho chakaderedza miganhuro pamasangano okusarudza, chakavakirwa mukurava kwamashoko echiziviso cheFirst Reconst Reconsole. Nepo, chisarudzo ichocho chinoratidzira kuti kudzivirira kwapakuvamba kunogona sei kutaura kwakasununguka kumitezo itsva nemashoko.

Kuziva Nhau Neganhuriro Dzouzivi Hwapakuvamba

Rimwe retsoropodzi dzinopfuurira zvikurusa dzemavambo munzvimbo yakasununguka nderokuti chinyorwa chenhau kazhinji kazhinji hachinzwisisiki. Chizvarwa chakavamba hachibvumirani zvikuru pamusoro poukuru hweshoko rakasununguka(alien neSedition Acts igakava gurusa. Mascroript anofanira kusarudza kuti manyukoi enhau eropafadzo: manyoro aJames Madison, rondedzero dzemitemo dzakakurumbira dzaWilliam Blackstone, kana kuti miitiro yehurumende. Vawapakuvamba vanogona kusvika mhedziso dzakasiana pamusoro perevo yapakuvamba yeFirst Amendment, kuchitungamirira kuidzo inonzi navatsoropotesi.”

Somuenzaniso, Mutongi Thomas, mutsigiri wenhau wenhau dzakare, akataura kuti First Amendment’s Free Press Clause yakadzivirira pakuvamba bedzi vanobudisa nhau sesangano, kwete vakurukuri vamwe navamwe. Uku kurava kutetepa kwaizova nerevo huru nokuda kwavatambi vevhu nevanyori venhau vakazvimirira. Vawadzani vazhinjisa vanoramba murangariro iwoyo, asi muenzaniso unoratidza kuti kunzvera kwenhau kunogona sei kuparira miuyo inopesana. Nokuda kwokunzvera kwemiitiro yemavambo yetsika muzvinoitika zvokutaura zvakasununguka, ona [[[FLT: 0] iyi nyaya inobva muHarvard Law Review on a forealism uye kutaura kwakasununguka .

Uyezve, dzidziso dzokutanga dzinofanira kurwisana nokubatanidzwa kweFirst Amendment kuti ipesane nenyika. Iwenath Amendment yakatenderwa muna 1868, pashure pokunge kunzwisiswa kweFirst Amendment kwapakuvamba. “rusununguko rwokutaura” rwakareva varatifiters veKineth Amendment ingasiana nerevo 1791. Vamwe vatangiri venhau dzinowirirana dzinofanira kuva 1868, kwete 1791. Izvi zvinoomesa nhambo yacho, sezvo chizvarwa chepashure peCivil War chakava nezvinoitika zvavo vamene nemhevedzo yenhau mukati mesero yerwisano neRevonson.

Mugumisiro: Kuchinja Kusingaperi Kwevakatanga Kunamata Nevasina Kuremara

Kurerekera kuAmerica kunoumba zvikuru kurukurirano pamusoro pekutaura kwakasununguka nokunzvera kupfurikidza nokumisa dudziro yebumbiro remitemo kunzwisiso dzenhau.Vatsigiri vayo vanotaura kuti mutoo uyu unogovera dzikamo, kuwirirana, uye kuvimbika kumuitiro wedemokrase. Mutoo, vatongi vapakuvamba vanowanzova vadziviriri vakasimba vorusununguko, kusava nechokwadi nezvezvisarudzo zvitsva zvinokarakadzwa nemitemo yazvino uno kana kuti mapoka ezvidzidzo. Muuyo idziviriro yakasimba nokuda kwenharo, inodenha, uye kunyange kutaura kune ngozi kunyange kwenguva refu sezvo isingawi mumasangano mashoma, anozivikanwa munhau.

Asi kuvamba hakuna kuparira. Zera remipimo, namashoko aro akaoma kunzwisisa nenzvimbo dzaro dzakavanzika dzine simba, zvinoedza ganhuriro dzenheyo dzemitemo dzechigumi nesere. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti mutoo wenhau wakananga unogona kusiya nzanga ine ngozi kukuvadziko yokuti vagadziri vasina kutongofungidzira, zvakadai semashoko asina kururama evhairasi anosekesa utano hwavanhu kana kuti perero yakasarudzwa. Vazivi vemavambo vanopindura kuti mushonga nokuda kwokutaura kwakashata kutaura kukuru, kwete kunzvera kwehurumende, uye kuti revo yapakuvamba yeFirst Amendment inoparira kukuvadzwa zvakakwana kudzivirira kutengeserana yepfungwa.

Pakupedzisira, gakava pamusoro pezvapakuvamba uye kutaura kwakasununguka ikurukurirano pamusoro porudzi rweBumbiro remitemo rimene: ibvumirano yakatsiga kuturikirwa parevo yaro yenhau, kana kuti chinyorwa chipenyu icho chinochinjira kumigariro mitsva here? Mativi ose ari maviri ane nharo dzinogombedzera, uye zvisarudzo zveDare Gurusa zvichapfuurira kuratidzira kunyanduka pakati pemitoo yapakuvamba nemitoo isiri yemavambo. Sezvo ruzivo rutsva runooneka netsika dzechipo runochinja, nhau yekuti chiMugadziro chinotapura sei kutaura novhozhokeri yomutemo wemitemo yeAmerica. Nokuda kwokunzvera kwakafara kutaura kwakasununguka munhambo yazvino uno, [FLT:] kuona iyi nyaya yeBBC pamusoro petsika yokutaura kwakasununguka muUnited States [FFF:1].

Chiri pachena ndechokuti dzidziso yemavambo yakagadza miganhu yekurukurirano. Kunyange vashori vayo vanofanira kupinda munharo dzenhau, vangave vanobvumirana nomutoo wacho kana kuti kwete. Denho inopfuurira nokuda kwavaturikiri vose vapakuvamba nevokusivori vekare zvakafanana,(icho kuwana dzikamo pakati pokuremekedza misengwa yenheyo yeBumbiro remitemo uye kupedza zvinhu chaizvoizvo zvenyika yakasiana zvikuru neiyo yakabudisa First Amendment. Dzikano iyoyo ichasarudza nguva yemberi yokutaura kwakasununguka muAmerica.