1998 Belfast Agreement() yakazivikanwa zvikuru seChibvumirano chaGood Weshanu chaMakurukuru chakachinja nhau munhau yeNorthern Ireland. Nepo vavariro dzayo huru dzakanga dziri dzikamo yezvamatongerwe enyika uye mugumo wemasimba masimba ezvitendero, vagadziri vadzo vakanzwisisa kuti rugare rusingaperi rwaidikanwa kukurukura zvivako zvenheyo dzenzanga yakakamukana. Nzvimbo shomanene dzakanga dziri semhesano yeidzi mapoka, kana kuti sedzakakomba kuyananiswa kwenguva refu, segadziriro yedzidzo. Pamberi pa1998, zvikoro muNorthern Ireland zvakabatanidza zvikuru mitsetse mikuru yechitendero neyezvematongerwe enyika. Chibvumirano Chamangwana chakanaka chakadenha zvakananga uku kuenzana kwetsika, kuenzana kwerukudzo, uye kodzero dzavanhu munyika inodzora. Nyaya iyi inonzvera kuti kubatana kwedzidzo inodzokororo, kusimudzira, kubatana, kubatana kwedzidzo, kubatana kwedzidzo, kubatana kwedzidzo yetsika, kuzivikanwa, kuzivikanwa kwetsika, apo zvichiramba zvichinziri denho.

Nzvimbo Yedzidzo Yakakamukana Gore ra1998 Risati Rasvika

Kuti tinzwisise tapuro yeChibvumirano chaGood Chishanu, kuri madikanwa kunzwisisa rudzi rwamagariro anosarura ezvikoro zveNorthern Ireland mukati meNhamo. Kwamakumi amakore, gadziriro yedzidzo yakakamukana zvikurukuru mumativi amasekete:

  • Zvikoro zvakadzorwa: zvakadzorwa nehurumende kupfurikidza neState Authority, izvi zvikoro zvakapindwa zvikuru navadzidzi vechiPurotesitendi. Zvainongedzerwa munhau se "zvikoro zveProtestanti".
  • [[FLT: 0] Zvikoro zvakachengetwa: Mukutarisirwa kweChechi yeKaturike, izvi zvikoro zvakagovera inodokuva chose chose kuchiverengero chavagari vemo cheKaturike.
  • Zvikoro zvinozvimirira: Chiverengero chiduku asi chinokosha chezvikoro zvaishanda kunze kwegadziriro yehurumende, kubatanidza chikamu chiduku chakabatana icho chakavamba kubuda muma 1980.

Uku kukamukana kwedzidzo kwakareva kuti vana vazhinjisa vakakura neonano yakananga navaenzani vakabva kurutivi rwe "rumwe". Zvidzidzo zvaiwanzoratidzira iyi divi. Dzidziso yenhau, zvikurukuru, yakanga ine gakava guru, nenhau dzakasiana--phara dzezvinoitika zvimwe chetezvo zvakadzidziswa muzvikoro zvakasiana--shandukira. Department yedzidzo panguva yacho yakaita nhamburiko dzokusuma misoro yapashure peshure pemifungo yakadai seDzidzo yeFundo yeMutual UTrist (EMU) neParametic Heritagement, asi idzi nhano dzakanga dzisina mano okusakafanira uye kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzakaiswa mumitemo mukati mezvikoro. Muitiro wacho wakanga usina kugadzirirwa kurapa; wakanga uri mugumisiro wayo. Chibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu chakaedza kuchinja iyi kupfurikidza nokuita gadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika neyamagariro enzanga iyo yakasimudzira nokushingaira kuyanana.

Chibvumirano Chakanaka CheChishanu: Chirongwa Chomutemo Chokuchinja

Chibvumirano, chakanzi "The Belfast Recomment," chakanga chisiri gwaro redzidzo rine udzame, asi chakatanga nheyo huru dzingachinja. Zvinhu zvinokosha zvinosanganisira:

  • Simba - Guru reHurumende: Kuumbwa kwehurumende inosungirwa mubatanidzwa kwakareva kuti vose vari vaviri mubatanidzwa navatungamiriri vourudzi vaiva nomutoro wakabatana nokuda kweBato reDhipatimendi reDzidzo.
  • maruramiro avanhu nokusaenzana: Chibvumirano chakatungamirira kukutangwa kweKomishi yeSangano reMafuta yeNorthern Ireland neNorthern Ireland Human Rights Commission. Ikoku kwakaisa basa rapamutemo pazviremera zvehurumende, kubatanidza zvikoro, kusimudzira kuenzana kwomukana.
  • Kukosha kwereshiviso: Iyi nheyo yakacherekedza zvakajeka kuva pamutemo kwezvose zviri zviviri British neIrish CHOUTS, ichiita kuti nzira izivikanwe zvikuru yomutauro weIreland neUlster-Scot mugadziriro dzedzidzo.
  • Cross-Border Batironce: Dare roUshumiri reNorth/South Yakapfavirira batira pamwe pakati peNorthern Ireland neRiphabliki yeIreland, kubatanidza mubasa redzidzo.
Kuitwa kwokuyananisa, nokutsungirira, nokuvimbana, nokuchengeta, nokurevererwa kwamaruramiro avanhu ose, ndicho chinhu chikuru chesungano.

Pfungwa yakabva pakungotarisira kupesana kwava kuvaka nguva yemberi vachishingaira.

Kuchinja Kwehurumende: Kuva Mugari Wemo uye Kuyananiswa

Imwe yetapuro dzakananga zvikurusa dzeGood Friver Agreement pazvikoro yakanga iri hwirudzuro yeNorthern Ireland Curriculum. Dzidzo iripo yepurogiramu yoUngwaru hweMutuant, nepo yakasanorangarirwa kuva isina kujeka zvikuru uye isina miuyo isingatsungiririki. Muganhu wezvamatongerwe enyika wakagovera simba nokuda kwechinjo huru zvikuru.

Kutanga Kwougari Hwomunyika Yose uye Kwomunyika Yose

Muna 2003, pashure pehwirudzuro huru, Department of Education yakasuma Nzvimbo yapanzvimbo neGlobal Stockhost senhau yemitemo nokuda kwavadzidzi vose paKey Stage 3 (ap 11-14). Iyi yakanga iri mugumisiro wakananga wegadziriro yorugare. Zvidzidzo zvakarongedzerwa kushongedzera vanhu vaduku nezivo, unyanzvi, uye mipimo kuti vatsive zvinobudirira munzanga yedemocracy. Misoro mikuru inobatanidza:

  • Kodzero dzevanhu uye mutoro wavo.
  • Basa rehurumende nemasangano ehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu (kubatanidza Gungano reNorthern Ireland Gungano rakaumbwa neChibvumirano).
  • Kusiyana - siyana uye kubatanidzwa munzanga ine vanhu vakawanda.
  • Chisarudzo chinorwisana nokuvaka rugare.

Kusafanana neEMU, Hurumende yakanga iri nhau inotsamira pamitemo yayo imene, mipimo yokunzvera, uye rovedzo yomudzidzisi yakatsaurirwa. Kwakaratidzira chinjo huru kubva pamuenzaniso wokushivirira kusingaregi kuenda kubvumirano yokushingaira nenheyo dzinosimbisa Chibvumirano.

Kudzidzisa Nhoroondo Yokupokanidzana

Chibvumirano chakapesvedzerawo kuti nhau yakadzidziswa sei. "Nguva dzakapfuura" inoramba iri imwe yenharaunda dzinodenha zvikurusa kuvadzidzisi. Chidzidzo zvino chinokurudzira vadzidzi kunzvera tsananguro dzenhau dzakasiana- siyana nokukudziridza unyanzvi hwokufunga kwakakomba. Mutoo wacho hauna kupfuudza nhau imwe uye pamusoro pokunzwisisa kuti nhau dzakavakwa sei uye kuti dzinoshandiswa sei. Programme dzakafanana ne Kupfuudzira Kuyeuka[[[FLT: 1] basa reNerve Centreal yakakuchingamidza zviwidzo zvinobvumira vadzidzi kupinda mumitengwa yeNhamo munzira yakakotsekana uye yakarongeka, panzvimbo pokudzivisa musoro chose.

Dzidzo Yakashatiswa: Kubva Pamidzi Yava Kuitwa neHurumende

Chibvumirano cheGood Friday chakatsigira zvikuru sangano redzidzo rakabatana neremitemo.

Mutongo Wokutsigira Kutora Nhamba

Chitendero cheChibvumirano pakuyanana chakatungamirira kuchinjo huru yemitemo. Nhevedzo yeDergication Reform (Northern Ireland) 1989 yakanga yatobatanidza basa paDhipatimendi ku "kurudzira nokupfavisa" dzidzo yakabatanidza. Chibvumirano chaGood Chishanu chakasimbisa uyu musengwa, uye mutemo wakatevera muna 2006 wakasimbisazve basa. Dare reNorthern Ireland reIntergraded Education (NICEE) rinoita basa sedare rinoumba, rinotsigira zvose zvikoro nezvikwata zvinobatanidzwa zviripo namapoka evabereki vanotsvaka vatsva.

Kukura uye Tapuro Yesekete Rakapinzwa Muropa

Kubva mugore redzidzo ra2023 kana kuti 24, kune zvikoro 71 zvakabatanidzwa muNorthern Ireland, zvichidzidzisa inenge 7 8% yechiverengero chavagari vechikoro. Nepo nhamba iyi ichiri yakaderera zvikuru kana ichienzaniswa namativi anodzorwa uye anochengetwa, pesvedzero yedzidzo yakabatana pagadziriro yakafara zvikuru yave iri huru.

  • Compact Theory in Practice:[[FLT: 1] Zvikoro zvakanatswa zvinovavarira zvakananga kuparira kudya kwakadzikama kweKaturike, Purotesitendi, uye vadzidzi vanobva mudzimwe migariro. Zvinogovera onano pakati pavana vanobva munzanga dzakasiana - siana, iyo nzvero yenzanga (CCONCE Theory) inozivisa sechishandiso chine simba chokuderedza rusaruro.
  • Itsle-School Ethos: Kutorana hakungovi nhamba dzevadzidzi. Kunobatanidza zvikamu zvinochinja uye etos zvinopemberera mhatsa, zvinokurukura nhau dzinomutsa nharo pachena, uye zvinosimudzira kuzivikanwa kwavose pasina kuraira vadzidzi kusiya tsika dzavo vamene.
  • Vatsoropodzi: Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti zvikoro zvakabatanidzwa zvinogona pane dzimwe nguva kudzivisa kubata nemisiano yakadzika yezvamatongerwe enyika nerudzidziso mukuda kwenzvimbo dzebhuru, "negal" shambidziko. Kunewo zvinetso zvetsika, kubatanidza "mutemo wezvikamu zviviri" unoda kuti chikoro chive nomufananidzo unenge 10% wenzanga duku kuti chicherekedzwe nenzira yapamutemo seyakabatanidzwa, inogona kuva yakaoma zvikuru munharaunda dzakagara dziripo.

Purogiramu Yedzidzo Yakagoveranwa: Ronga Kuwedzera Pamubatanidzwa

Nepo dzidzo yakabatanidzwa ichimirira kubatanidzwa kwavadzidzi vanobva mumigariro yakasiana, sangano rinowirirana rinozivikanwa se Dzidzo inogoveranwa [[[FLT: 1]] rakatanga somutoo mukuru wemiitiro. Uyu mutoo unobvumira vadzidzi vari muzvikoro zvakaparadzana kuungana nokuda kwemakirasi nemibato zvakawiriranwa, pasina zvikoro zvimene kubatanidzwa nenzira yakarongwa.

Kuparadzana Kworugare Nokutsigira Kushandisa EU

Purogiramu yedzidzo yakabatana yakawedzerwa zvikuru nepurogiramu dzeEU dzeTREAS IV neINTERREG, dzakagovera mari yakawanda. Chirongwa ndechokuti kana chikoro cheKaturike nechikoro chePurotesitendi zvisingagoni kubatana, zvinogona kubatira pamwe. Kufamba kubva muzvikoro kuzofunda nhau dzakadai seDrama, Musikirini, Technology, kana kuti kupinda mumabasa enzanga akabatana.

Chitendero nokuda kwedzidzo inogoveranwa pa Queen's University Belfast chave chichishandiswa mukukudziridza nokuyera uyu muenzaniso. Nzvero inoratidza kuti dzidzo imwe inogona kuvandudza miuyo yedzidzo, kuvaka ushamwaridzani husingawirirani, uye kuderedza rusaruro, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kusangana netsoropoto shomanene kubva kuvabereki nezviremera zvechechi kupfuura kuvakwa kwakazara.

Zvinhu Zvinonyanya Kukosha uye Kutsoropodza

Purogiramu yedzidzo inogoveranwa yave iri fandesheni yegadziriro yeDhipatimendi reDzidzo mudzidzo pasi pe "Togeter: Kuvaka United Community" nzira. Zvisinei, yakatarisana netsoropodzo. Vamwe vanotaura kuti inogona kuva chimiro che "kubatanidza kwakaparadzana," uko vana vanosangana nokuda kwemibato inonakidza asi vachidzokera kuzvikoro zvavo zvedzidzo yemanyuko. Pane ngozi inogoverana dzidzo inova "kuroverera sikirifa" inoita kuti gadziriro iripo ive yakanaka zvikuru, panzvimbo pokudenha kuvapo kwayo kunokosha. Mienzaniso yedzidzo inobudirira zvikurusa inobatanidza mibato yakadzika mireve, inobetsera panzvimbo pekurukurirano yapamusoro.

Mutauro Nokuzivikanwa Mugadziriro

Chibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu chinozivikanwa zvakajeka chemitauro yakasiyana - siyana chakava netapuro yakananga pagadziriro yedzidzo. Chibvumirano chakati:

"Vose vanotora rutivi vanoziva kukosha kworuremekedzo, kunzwisisa nokushivirira pamusoro pemhatsa yemitauro, kubatanidza Northern Ireland, mutauro weIreland neUlster-Scot.

Dzidzo Yomutauro weIreland

Uku kuzivikanwa kwakagovera tsigiro huru ku dzidzo yeIMTE . Nepo zvikoro zvemutauro weIreland (Gaelscoileana) zvakanga zvavapo kubvira pakuvamba kwama 1970, zvakaparapatika nokuda kwemari nezivikanwo yenyika. Good Friday Applice yakaita mugariro wezvamatongerwe enyika wakaparira kukura kwenharaunda. Muna 1998, kwakanga kune vadzidzi 2 000 muIME; nhasi, kune vanopfuura 7 000 muzvikoro 40.

Commaire na Gaelscolaichta yakatangwa kusimudzira nokutsigira dzidzo yeiringi. Gungano reNorthern Ireland, serakatangwa neGFA, rakapfuudzazve mutemo uchitsigira mutauro, kubatanidza Chiziviso nomutauro (Northern Ireland) Act 2022. IME haisati ichatongoonwazve semashoko ezvamatongerwe enyika asi sechisarudzo chedzidzo chapamutemo nemiuyo yedzidzo yakasimba.

Zvitoro zveUlster

Mutauro weUlster-Scots wakaitwawo kuti uzivikanwe nenhaka yehurumende itsigire chibvumirano. Ulster-Scots Agency (Tha Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch) yakasikwa kuti itsigire mutauro, tsika, uye nhau. Zvinyorwa zvakakudziridzwa kuti zvikoro zvive zvibatanidza Ulster-Scots muzvikoro, zvikurukuru muzvikoro zvikuru. Kusiyana neIME, inoshanda segadziriro yechikoro yakafanana, Ulster-Scots inodzidziswa zvave zvave zvinodzidziswa semodhibhurokwa mukati memakirasi makuru echiNgezi kana kuti enhau. Kukwikwidza kwazvo kwave kuri kupfava kupinza zvishoma uye kukwikwidzana kwezvamatongerwe enyika, rutivi runobva musongano yazvo nechiziviso chesangano chesangano.

Dzidzo Yakakwirira Negadziriro Yemichinjikwa

Dare reNorth/South Minister Council rakatanga nzvimbo dzakananga dzokushandira pamwe, kusanganisira dzidzo. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nezvirongwa zvakasiyana - siyana zvokushandira pamwe pakati peyunivhesiti muNorthern Ireland neRiphabliki yeIreland.

  • Kunzvera: Kusasarura kwakadai seQueen’s University Belfast, Ulster University, Trinity College Dublin, uye University College Dublin zvakagoverana kupa ruzivo rukuru, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzakafanana nechisarudzo cherwisano, utano hwavanhu, uye simba rinotsigirwa.
  • Kufara kwapamhene: Chibvumirano chakaita kuti zvive nyore zvikuru kuti vadzidzi vapfuure muganhu. Nzvimbo inozivikanwa navose yenzendo nokuzivana zvikwaniriso zvakakurudzira kuwanda kwavadzidzi pakati peNorthern Ireland neRepublic, kuwedzera zvinoitika zvavo zvedzidzo.
  • North West Coligion Colcation:[FLT] Munharaunda yemuganhu, masangano akafanana neNorth West Regional College (Derry/Londonderry) ane batano dzakadzama neDonegal Education and Training Board and Letterkenny Institute of Technology (zvino rutivi rweAtlantic Technological University), achigadzira mavambo ebasa reruwa.

Cross Boust Studies yakaita basa guru mukunyora nokusimbisa iyi batira pamwe, ichiratidza kuti muitiro worugare wakaparira sei dzidzo inooneka nebatano dzemari kugura muganhu.

Zvinetso Zvinopfuurira Norugare Rusina Kubviswa

Pasinei zvapo nechinjo huru dzakaunzwa neGood Frive Agreement, gadziriro yedzidzo muNorthern Ireland inoramba yakakamukana zvikuru.

Kupfuurira Kworusarura

Vanopfuura 90% vavadzidzi vachiri kupinda zvikoro zvine zvikurukuru zvikamu zvinodzorwa kana kuti zvakachengetwa. Munharaunda dzeperevedzo huru, nhamba idzi dzinotonyanya kushata. Kuparadzana kwegadziriro yacho kunoreva kuti vana vakawanda vachiri vane onano duku ine revo neavo vanobva mumigariro yakasiana - siana mukati mamakore avo okuumbwa. "Zvikoro zviviri" muenzaniso wejerecha(a Drigudruction nechikoro Chinochengetwa zvinobatira taundi rimwe chetero/*chichiri chinhu chakakurumbira.

Kusakwanisa Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Negadziriro

Kuparara kweGungano reNorthern Ireland panzvimbo dzakasiyana- siyana kubvira muna 1998 (kubatanidza kumira kwepasi kwenguva refu kubva muna 2017 kusvika muna 2020) kwakaparira kusava nemitemo uye kufambira mberi. Zvisarudzo pamusoro pezvidzidzo, mari yechikoro, uye kuronga nzvimbo zvinoda kudzorwa zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, nharo pamusoro pezvinenge zviri munhoroondo yepashure kana kuti dzidziso dzenhau dzinomutsa nharo dzinogona kukurumidza kuderera. Kushayikwa kwemukuru mukuru mukuru wehurumende anoshanda kazhinji kacho zvinoreva kuti kurongedzerwa kwenhambo refu yedzidzo imwe chete kunodzoswa.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvemari

Chikamuraniso chenzanga nemari chinoramba chiri nhau ine simba inoderedza. Kusarudza (kuedza kupfuudzwa 11-kuwedzera), nepo kusati kuchisirizve kurungwa nehurumende, kuchingoshanda munharaunda dzakawanda kupfurikidza nemiedzo isina kudzorwa. Iyi tsika inotapura nenzira isingaenzaniswi vaPurotesitendi neKaturike, kazhinji kazhinji ichisimbisa batano pakati pekushaiwa vanhu nedzidzo yakadzika pasi pezvikoro zveruwa nerechikamu chapamusoro. Kukamu pakati peboka rinobatana nemapoka akakamu kemapoka, zvinokanganisa nhamburiko dzokuvaka gadziriro inogoverana neinowirirana.

mhedziso

Chibvumirano cheGood Chishanu chakashanda sekampasi yebumbiro remitemo neretsika nokuda kwokuchinja kwedzidzo muNorthern Ireland. Chakagovera kuterama kwezvamatongerwe enyika negadziriro yapamutemo zvaidikanwa kudenha gadziriro yakaparadzana kukuru. Kutangwa kwezvidzidzo zvekodzero, kusimbiswa kwedzidzo yakabatana, kutanga kuvamba kutsva kwedzidzo yakafanana, uye kuzivikanwa kwakarongwa kwemhatsa yemitauro zvose inzvimbo dzakananga dzebatano yorugare muna 1998.

Zvisinei, rwendo kubva kuzvinhu zvakakamuraniswa kuenda kunguva yemberi zvakagoveranwa haruna kurongeka. Gadziriro yedzidzo haina kubatanidzwa zvizere kana kuti kuyananiswa zvizere. Kumhanya nomunhau iyi inyanduko yenguva dzose pakati pechishuvo chenzanga imwe cheteyo nemhesano huru yezvivako zviripo nenzvimbo. Zvikoro navadzidzisi vanoshanda panzvimbo yeyananisira vanoramba vachipfuurira kufamba nzvimbo yakaoma. Chibvumirano cheGood Wepread Reavenment hachina kupedza chinetso chedzidzo, asi chakagovera midziyo inokosha, (jeresa resimba, uye Hurumende inova nechorugare rwakajeka.)