Mitemo yeFederal yakagadzwa muWashington, D.C., inofamba muguta riri rose, taundi, uye maruwa omumaruwa muUnited States. Zvisarudzo pamusoro pemitero, tarisiro youtano, dzidzo, marongedzero, uye mhoteredzo hazvigari mukati meBeltway(h) zvinoumba upenyu hwezuva nezuva hwavagari vemo, utano hwemabhizimisi omunzvimbomo, uye kunaka kwemabasa avose. Kunzwisisa kuti iyi mitemo yenyika inofambidzana nemimigariro yomunzvimbomo kunokosha sei kuvatungamiriri venzanga, vagadziri vemiitiro yemitemo, uye vagari vemo vakaronze. Nyaya ino inonzvera kuwanda kwemitemo yehurumende uye kudzorongedze dzavo dzakananga, kazhinji kusakodzera, pesvedzero panzanga dzomunzvimbomo.

Kunzwisisa Tsika Dzakadzvinyirirwa

Mitemo yehurumende inosanganisira mitemo, mitemo, zvirongwa zvokutungamirira, uye zvemari zvakatangwa nehurumende yenyika yose. Yakarongwa kuti igadzirire zvinetso munyika yose, asi kuita kwayo uye migumisiro yayo zvinosiyana zvikuru nenharaunda.

Tsika Dzemari

Izvozvi zvinobatanidza mitero, zvibvumirano zvebhizimisi, mari inoshandwa nehurumende, muitiro wemari (unodzorwa neFederal Reserve), uye mirau yebhizimisi. Mitemo yemari inopesvedzera misika yebasa yomunzvimbomo, kushambadza kwebhizimisi, uye ndyiko yokurarama.

Kugarisana Zvakanaka Nevamwe

Mitemo yenzanga inofukidza tarisiro yezvoutano, dzidzo, pokugara, rubatsiro rwezvokudya, uye kuchengeteka pamudyandigere. Zvirongwa zvakadai seMedicare, Medicaid, Solcal Nutrition Appive Program (SNAP), uye Pell Grants zvinobhadharwa nehurumende asi zvinotarisirwa munharaunda. Magadzirirwo epurogiramu idzi anotema kuti ndiani anotsigirwa uye kuti ndiani.

Tsika Dzinodzora

Mitemo inodzora kudzivirirwa kwemhoteredzo, kuchengeteka pabasa, mipimo yezvigadzirwa zvevatengi, uye misika yemari.The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inoisa mipimo yakanaka yemhepo nemvura iyo maindasitiri omunzvimbomo anofanira kusangana nayo. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSA) inodzika mitemo yekotsekano yebasa iyo inotapura fekitari iri yose nehofisi.

Muuyo Usina Kutsarukana Wezvisarudzo Zvehurumende

Nhoroondo yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi inoratidza kuti zvisarudzo zvetsika dzenyika zvingawedzera kana kuti zvingatadzisa nzanga kubudirira.

Mutezo Wemitero Nokupinza Mabhizimisi Munharaunda

Tcouts and Jobs Act ya2017 yakaderedza mwero wemitero yekambani kubva pa 35% kusvikira ku 21%. Vatsigiri vakaitsigira yaizonyandura mari munzanga dzomunzvimbomo. Uye zvirokwazvo, mamwe makambani akazivisa wedzero,bhonasi, uye gadziriro dzokuwedzera. Zvisinei, fundo 2019 neNational Bureaument of Economic Research (TCja) yakawana kuti mari yemitero yakawanda yakaenda kukutenga mari yemari yemari pane kuishambadza itsva yokubhadhadhadha kana kuti mari huru. Mitengo miduku isina masangano makuru yakawana betsero yakaganhurirwa. Mitengo mitengo yaInflation Reduction Act (IRA) yesimba ra 20222, iyo yakasimudzira kugadzirwa kwefekitari nebhati rebhata rebhazineti, zvikurukuru muSouthast African and Midsterst. Iyi miterono inodzo yakadzo yakadzo yakadzorwa kubhadharwa zvikuru.[5]

Kutengesa Nokuongorora Nzanga

Zvibvumirano zvebhizimisi nemirau yakarongwazve panzvimbo yenzvimbo yeindasitiri yeAmerica. Chibvumirano cheU.S.-Mexico-Canada chakatsiva NAFTA (USCA) muna 2020, chichiita mitemo yakakomba yemavambo emotokari. Nepo zvichiitirwa kudzivirira U.S., pesvedzero panzanga dzomunzvimbomo yave isina kuenzana. Munharaunda dzinorema dzakafanana neMichigan neOhio, chibvumirano chacho chakabetsera kuchengetedza mabasa, asi chakaparirawo kuti makambani arambe achitsvaka kuderedza mari. Panguva ino, zviteshi zvesimbi nealuminiyamu zvakaiswa muna 2018181818, mari yokuisa zvinhu izvi zvinoshandiswa, kugadzira zvinhu zviduku mumataundi ari mhiri kwaPennsylvania neAin. Miriciorgation yakaitawo kurwadziwa kwemari yaibva muChina, uye mari yakadzosera mari yemitengwa. Vayaya vaidzo dzakaiswa mari yakapfuudza kumikoro yemiteveridzo yemiteshi yemari yemari yakapfumiteveridzo. Vari vemi vemi vemiteshi vemi vemiteshi ve

Vatengesi Vamafashoni Nezvirongwa Zvokushandisa

Gadziriro dzinopa mari yakananga kuhurumende dzomunzvimbomo namasangano asingapi purofiti. Purogiramu yeCommunity Development Block Grant (CDBG) inogovera mari inochinjika nokuda kwedzimba dzinobhadharika, mapurogiramu anorwisana nemari, uye maroridhi. Muna 2023, CDBG ipurogiramu yagoverwa inenge $3,3 bhiriyoni kumaguta. Zvisinei, mari inoita kuti nzvimbo dzomumusha dzive huru, kusiya nzanga dzemaruwa dzine tsigiro shoma yakakwana. Bipartisan Infraclactive Law (BY) ye 201 yemarillion yemigwagwa, mabhilitiki emigwagwa, mabhiringi, mabhiringi emvura, uye motokari dzinodzorwa. Nokuda kwemikana yokuvaka zvivako zvemapuraneti.[5]

Kutarisirwa Kweutano Kunowanikwa muMaoko eWashington

Gadziriro yokutarisira utano yehurumende inosarudza kuti ndiani anobatanidzwa, mabasai aripo, uye kuti indyiko dzakakura sei dzetarisiro.Hapana muitiro unoratidzira ikoku zvakajeka zvikuru kupfuura Affordible Care Act (ACA), asi mamwe mapurogiramu ehurumende anoumbawo miuyo youtano yomunzvimbomo.

Muitiro Wokutarisira Unodhura Nemisiyano Yehurumende

TEPURO yakakudziridzwa Medicaid mari kuvakuru vane mari inosvika 138% yemwero wourombo hwehurumende. Zvisinei, chisarudzo cheDare Gurusa ra 2012 chakaita kuti kukura kuve kwokuzvidira muhurumende. Panosvika 2024, 40 yeruwa neRegiod of Columbia zvakashandisa kufutunuka, nepo nyika 10 dzisina kusiana. Uku kuparira kupesana kukuru: mumitengo inokura, pakati pevakura kwakaderera pakati pevakura vakura vakaderera zvikuru vakaderera pasi pe 10%, nepo mumitauro isiri yemari yavose seTexas naMissippian, mwero usati uri unotenderwa unoramba uri pamusoro pe 20%. Kuwedzera uku kunotapura kwapamhikano kwourombo kwakakwirira uye kurapa kwapamhizha. Zvipata zvomumusha zvinotarisana nemitengo yazvo varwere zvinodzoseranwa nokuda kwemari yeDhene.

Kutsigira Kushanda Kwemasangano Outano Enzanga

Mari yezveutano yevezvokushanda kwemari (HRSA) inopfuura 1 400 nharaunda dzenzanga dzinobatira varwere vane mamirioni 30 gore negore. Nzvimbo idzi dzinogovera tarisiro huru, mazino, utano hwendangariro, uye mishonga munharaunda dzinochengetwa. Hurumende inopa mari inokosha nokuda kwebasa radzo (apo inoda mari inowirirana kubva kumanyuko enyika nenzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo. Kana kurapa kwehurumende kuchinonotswa kana kuti kuderedzwa, nzvimbo dzoutano dzinofanira kuganhurira vashandi, kana kuti kuderedza maawa ekiriniki. Mukati mechisakomba cheCHOVID, hurumende inogovera mari yokuwedzera kukurumidzira, asi tsigiro iyoyo inopera zvikuru. Kombishina yezvoutano dzakawanda zvino zvino dzinotarisana nenhamo yemari, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzomumaruwa umo dzinowanzova manyuko bedzi manyuko etarisiro.

Dambudziko Rezvipembenene Nemhinduro Yamagariro

Denda reOpioid rakaparadza nzanga dzomunzvimbomo, zvikurukuru muApalchia, New England, uye Midwest. Mhinduro yehurumende yakabatanidza Descier Act ye2018, iyo yakakudza kusvika kwokurapa kwemirimo yaibatsira. Zvisinei, kuparadzirwa kwemari iyi kwakatsoropodzwa nokuda kwokusasvika nhamba dzemisha yokumaruwa dzakakomba zvikurusa asi kurapa kwakaneta zvikuru. A 2023 GAYO yakawana kuti madhipati akawanda outano omunzvimbomo anoshaiwa mari yokushandisa nokutarisira mamiriro ehurumende.

Dzidzo: Kubva kuWashington Kuenda Kukirasi

Mitemo yedzidzo yehurumende inogadza mipimo, inogovera mari, uye zvinodzidzwa zvedzidzo zvinopesvedzera, asi maruwa ezvikoro omunzvimbomo anodzora zvikuru.

Musoro Wemari Yandinobhadhara uye Misiyano Yekare

Iwoti I yeElementary and Secondal Education Act (yakatenderwa seAssociation Receeds Act muna 2015) inogovera mari yehurumende kuzvikoro zvine nhamba dzakaderera dzevadzidzi vakaderera. Muna 2023, Muti Indangarasa inenge $8,4 mabhiriyoni. Mari yacho inoitirwa kuti ivate mikaha yokuita basa nokutsigira kuwedzera kwomura, purofiti duku, uye zvirongwa zvevabereki zvokuvimbisana. Zvisinei, nzira yokugovera nayo Thit I mari inovakirwa pamitezo yourombo, inogona kuva makore anoverengeka. Nomugumisiro, nzanga dzinowana kuwedzera kwokukurumidza muurombo dzingasaona kuwedzerwa kwemari kwamakore anoverengeka. Uyezve, zvikoro zvakawanda zvinongova zvisina zvinhu kuti zviwirirane zvipfuro, zvichitungamirira kuchiranwa nokutyisidzira kutsika kwourombo kwomunzvimbomo.

Mudzidzi Ari Wose Anobudirira Muitiro (ESSA) uye Kudzora Kwomunzvimbomo

ESSA yakatsiva No Child Let Behind Act uye yakapa kuti ive yakasununguka zvikuru mukugadza mipimo yedzidzo negadziriro dzokuzvidavirira. Maruwa ezvikoro zvomunharaunda zvino ane rusununguko rukuru rwokuronga gadziriro dzazvo amene dzokuvandudza. Zvisinei, mutemo wehurumende uchiri kuda kuedzwa kwegore negore mukurava uye masvomhu nokuda kwamapasa 318 uye kamwe chete muchikoro chapamusoro. Uku kunzvera kupesvedzera miraudzo yedzidzo yomunzvimbomo, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inoganhurira mirayiridzo kuzvinhu zvakaedzwa. Maruwa eruwa, ayo angava ane vashandi nezvishandiso zvakaganhurirwa, zvinotamburira kushandisa gadziriro dzokuzvidavirira kwehurumende dzinoda kuunganidzwa kukuru kwemitengo uye kushuma. A20222 proparector Corporation yakawana kuti vakuru vakuru vemikoro veruwa vanonzwa vomubatanidzwa noruwa vanonzwa kuti zvisakafanira zvomubatanidzwa nehurumende zvehurumende zvenyika havarevo nemhaka yezvinetso zvavo zvechienzi, sokushoresoro yomudzidzisi uye kuzviparadzanisa.

Mudzidzi Loans uye Community College Affordity

Purogiramu dzeyamuro dzemari dzeFederal .Pell Grants, Nhevedzano, uye Stuans inotapura zvakananga koreji yenzanga nokunyoresa kweyunivhesiti munzanga dzomunzvimbomo. Pell Grants, idzo dzisingadikani kubhadharwa, ndiwo manyuko makuru eyamuro yehurumende nokuda kwavadzidzi vazhinji vakaderera. Zvisinei, Pell Grant haisati yachengeta mwero wemitengo yemibato. Muna 2023, Pell Grant yakafukidza bedzi 25% yendyo yokupinda panzvimbo yavose yegore lina. Koreji dzenzanga, dzinobatira dzidzo yakaderera uye isati iri yenzvimbo inogarwa. Vadzidzi vazhinji vanotapukudzorwa zvikuru kumitengo yemari inova inova inova nemari inopfumba mibairo mitsva (AVS) uye nhamburiko rwokuwedzera kugona kuvandudza mari kupfurikidza kuvandudza, asi dzinogara dzichiva dzinova nerororo dzinodzorwa zvikuru dzenzvimbo dzebasa dzinodzorongedzerwa nemari dzinodzorwa zvikuru.

Ruramisiro Yemhoteredzo Noutano Hwomunzvimbomo

Mitemo yemhoteredzo inodzivirira pfuma yomusikirwo noutano hwevanhu, asi kuchengetedza uye kubatsira hakuparadzirwa zvakaenzana munzanga dzose.

Mitemo Yemhepo Yakachena Nemvura

Clean Air Act ne Clean Water Act yakagadza mipimo yenyika yakamanikidzirwa namasangano ehurumende. Kunyungudutsa muzvinoshatisa mhepo zvakadai sesulfur dioxide nenitrogen oxide kwakavandudza zvikuru utano hwavanhu munharaunda dzakawanda. Zvisinei, nzanga dziri pedyo nenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzira zvinhu, zviteshi, uye migwagwa inopfuurira kuva nengozi dzakakwirira. Flint, Michigan, njodzi yemvura yakaratidzira miuyo yokudzika kwePit Water Act. Muna 2014, guta rakachinjira manyuko aro kuFlint River pasina kudzorwa kwakafanira, kuchitungamirira kushatisa. Gadziro rehurumende yehurumende yepasi resimuro nero yechadenga rakaita kuti pave nenjodzi yavose yakatapura zviuru zvevana. Chifocho, chiresopo chaEPA yakahwira mitemo yemhara, asi nzanga dzakawanda dzinorwisana nokucheuka kwePF.[5]

Kuderedza Kuderera Kwekuwedzera Kwemari Kunobvumira Gadziriro Dzemamiriro Okunze

Chibvumirano chaManyika anonatsa purojekiti yeReduction Act ya2022 yakagoverwa kupfuura mabhiriyoni $370 nokuda kwepurogiramu dzemamiriro okunze nemagetsi akachena. Inobatanidza zvikwereti zvemitero nokuda kwesimba rinomutsidzira simba, uye motokari dzemagetsi. Yakaitawo Dare reNdenda rePreviation Provinceting Communities Ri anopa purogiramu, iyo inogovera gadziriro dzemarongero enzanga kuti aderedze kushatisa kushatiswa kwemhepo, kuvandudza utano, uye kuwedzera simba remamiriro okunze. Muitiro uyu unoreva boka renharaunda yePittsburgh rinogona kushandisa mari kuisa mashopu yendege pedyo nechigadziko chesimbi, kana kuti nzanga muAlaskai inogona kuvandudza gadziriro yokushandisa zvakanaka mamiriro ezvinhu zvomumahomberi. Zvisinei, kubvumira kwokupa kubvumira kugadzirwa kwezvo. Masangano emitemo emhoteredzo inobvumira kuti pave nounyanzvi.

Kushandiswa Nokuchengetedzwa Kwetsika Dzinotonga Nyika

Masangano eFederal anotarisira nyika anotapura zvakananga upfumi hwenyika, Service yeNational Park Service, neFish and Wildlife Service . Zvisarudzo zvavo pamusoro pokutema miti, kufudza, kuvandudza simba, uye nhandaro zvinotapura upfumi hwomunyika dzomunzvimbomo, zvikurukuru munyika dzokuMadokero. Somuenzaniso, kudzorwa kwemitemo yepasi kunopesvedzera ngozi yengozi yemoto munzanga dziri pedyo nemasango. Bipartan Infracturelture Law yaibatanidza mabhiriyoni $5 (mabhiriyoni mananu) engozi yokuderera kwomoto, kubatanidza kuputsika kwemafuta nokudzikisa kwakarongwa. Imwe nhanho yokuchengetedza yenyika yeAmerica, gadziriro yokuchengetedza Bherifa yeU. Nyika dzeU.

Dzimba, Zvokufambisa, uye Kufambira Mberi Mumataundi

Dzimba dzehurumende uye mitemo yokufambisa zvinoumba nzvimbo inogara vanhu, mafambiro avanoita, uye nharaunda.

Dzimba Dzinogadzirwa Nedzimba Dzinodhura

Dare Rokusarudza Nhaka (Imba inodzorwa 8) inobetsera mhuri dzinowana mari shoma dzinobhadhara dzimba dzokurenda mumisika yadzo. Muna 2024, mhuri dzinenge 2.3 mamirioni akagamuchira vaongorori. Zvisinei, purogiramu yacho haisi maruramiro; imwe bedzi mumhuri ina dzinokwanisa inogamuchira betsero nemhaka yemiganhu yemari. zviremera zvedzimba zvinotarisira gadziriro, asi zvinotarisana nenhau dzokutarisira uye kutora rutivi kwenzvimbo dzinogara. Mumisika mizhinji inodzoro inodzorwa nedzimba, vagari vedzimba vanoramba kugamuchira vatengi nemhaka yokuti mari inobvumirwa nomutemo kupfuudza mipimo inobhadharwa. Hurumende yeruwa inotodzo inodzosa kuvakwa kwedzimba dzinobhadharika kupfurikidza nenzvimbo dzinodzorwa kupfurikidza nenzvimbo yeLow - Inhozation Back Back (LTC), gadziriro inobvumira purogiramu yemitengo yemitengo yemari inopfupindudzo yenzvimbo inopfuto yenzvimbo inopfuutsaidzo yenzvimbo yapa nokuda kwemiteveridzo yenzvimbo itsva. Asika migove inopfuto yemiteshi inopfuto yezvitsa mi

Misha Yokushandisa Zvemotokari Neyaidzora Vamiririri

Nhamba dzemari dzinodzorwa neFederal Highway Administration neFederal Transit Administration. Mutemo weBipartisan Infraformation wakawedzerwa zvikuru kutsigira migwagwa, mabhiriji, uye kufamba kwavanhu. Nzanga dzomunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji dzinoganhurira kutaura kuti madhipatimendi ezvokufambisa enyika anogovera sei mari. Maguta maduku namaruwa anoona migove yemari yakawanda yemari inofambirwa kumabasa makuru panzvimbo pokufambiswa kwavose. RAIS inobvumira purogiramu yeIPUPUPS inogovera mari yezvirongwa zvikuru zvokufambisa zvinhu zvikuru, asi nzira yokushandisa inoita kuti nzvimbo huru zvikuru, inotendera maguta makuru. Somuuyo, vafambi vanofamba mumisha mizhinji inotarisana nemotokari mishambadzano mishomanene inodzodzo inodzorwa. RAIS (Kuvaka pamutemo kwenzvimbo dzapamhindizoro yehondo dzinodzokororwa neE Eudzorosero inozivikanwa kare, zvinopa zviito zvinopa zvinyorwa zvinopfumisa zvinyorwa zvehurumende zvehurumende zvehurumende zvenyika dzakawanda.

Mupeto: Kufambisa Federal-Nhengo

Mitemo yetsika yetsika haisi magwaro emitemo asingazivikanwi; zvishandiso zvine simba zvinoumba chivako chenzanga dzomunzvimbomo. Mitemo yemitero inopesvedzera apo mafekitari anovakwa, mitemo yokutarisira utano inotema kana kiriniki ichigara yakazaruka, mari yedzidzo ichitapura ukuru hwekirasi, uye mitemo yemhoteredzo inosarudza kana vana vachigona kufema mweya wakachena. Muitiro mumwe chetewo hauwanzova wakafanana () muitiro mumwe chetewo unogona kubetsera nzanga mumwe asi uchikuvadza mumwe, zvichitsamira pamugariro womunzvimbomo wezvemari, uye simba rokutarisira.

Vatungamiriri venzanga vanonzwisisa mamiriro etsika ehurumende vanogona kutsigira nenzira inobudirira zvikuru nokuda kwezviwanikwa uye gadziriro dzomunzvimbomo dzinowirirana nezvinokosha zvenyika. Ikoku kunoda kuramba uchiziviswa pamusoro pokupa mikana, kutora rutivi munhambo dzinotsinhirana nokuda kwechinjo dzinodzorwa navose, uye kuvaka zvisungo nedzimwe nzanga dzinogoverana zvinetso zvakafanana. Panguva imwe cheteyo, vagadziri vemitengo yehurumende vanofanira kuziva kuti zvigadzikiso zvose zvinobetsera kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji zvinokundikana. Zvirongwa zvinosanganisira mikana yemaruwa, maguta, uye mamiriro emo edzinza, zvinoderedza mitoro, uye izvo zvinogovera betsero yezvokushandira zvinhu zvichava netapuro yebetsero yazvomubato mukurusa.

Kupfurikidza nokunzvera zvose kubudirira nokukundikana kwemitemo yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, nzanga dzinogona kusunda gadziriro yomubatanidzwa inogamuchira zvikuru neinowirirana (iyo inoshanda zvirokwazvo zvinodikanwa zvakasiyana - siyana zvavanhu veAmerica.)