Kuwanda Kwapamutemo Nekwetsika Kwezvinodikanwa Zvinotsigira Vapurisa Vane Mudyandigere

Kubatanidzwa kwevarwi vendege mukuchengetwa kwemitemo kwakawedzera mugumi ramakore rapfuura, kuchipa masangano chinodikanwa chine simba chokucherekedza mundege, kuongorora boka, uye ufakazi. Idzi gadziriro dzendege dzisina kushandwa dzinogovera nzira inoshanda yokufukidza nayo nzvimbo huru nokukurumidza, asi kuronga kwawo kunomutsa mibvunzo mikuru yemitemo netsika. Pamwoyo weiyi nharo ndipa chinodikanwa: mapurisa anofanira kuwana nhevedzano yedare asati ashandisa drane yokungwarira, uye kana zvakadaro, inoita sei dzikamo pakati pechengeteko yavose nokuvandika kwomunhu mumwe nomumwe? Mhinduro yacho haisati iri yakafanana, uye sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwemitemo runochinja, naizvozvo ndizvo zvinoitawo zvirongwa zvapamutemo zvakagadzirirwa kudzora kushandiswa kwayo.

Kugadzirwa Kwezvirongwa Zvepamutemo Zvekufema

Gadziriro yeChina yeBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. inodzivirira vagari vemo pakunzvera kusina mufungo nehosha. Dare Rapamusoro rekare rakataura kuti pamutemo unodikanwa kazhinji kazhinji apo mapurisa anovhozhokera pa “kariro ine mufungo yokuva woga kwomunhu.” Mumamiriro ezvinhu ezvokunzvera, iyi nheyo inova yakaoma nemhaka yokuti madhoroni anogona kuona pafenzi, kutarira napamatafuro, uye kutora mifananidzo kubva kunzvimbo dzakakwirira idzo dzairatidzika kuva dzisingasvikiki. [[FLT: 0] kunetsa mubvunzo wapamutemo [ kukwira kamera pachinhu chapachivanda kuumba kunzvera uko kunobetsera dziviriro.

Mhindumupindu yeTemprezhedment Yechina

Munhau, kunzvera kwendege kwaiitirwa vanhu kwaiwanzoitwa kusaumba kunzvera, chero ndege yacho yakanga iri munzvimbo inonatswa uye chiono chakanga chiri panzvimbo yavose yenzvimbo inoona zvinhu. Mu California v. Ciraolo[ (1986), Dare Rapamusoro rakatonga kuti mapurisa aibhururuka mamita 1 000 aisakanganisa kariro ine mufungo yokuvandika apo vaicherechedza zvirimwa zvemba zviri mukati meimba. Nenzira yakafanana, [[FLT:] FLORIDA v. Riley[[FLT:]] [19989]) (89) akatsigira kunzvera pamakumbo 400. Izvi zvakakarakadza kuti munhu upi noupi aigona kutarira pasi mumhepo, naizvozvo kwakanga kusina kuvandikano.

Zvisinei, ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu runochinja machamupinyi anodzorwa. MaDrone akanyarara, haapinyi, uye anogona kuva nousimbe kwenguva refu. Anogona kuva akashongedzerwa nekamera dzinoshanda zvakanaka, metainyo, uye kunyange purogiramu yesoftware yokuziva chiso. Mubatanidzwa wokupfuurira nokubikira unoita simba rokuongorora kupfuura raidzo dzendege dzinoshandiswa. Matare akavamba kutsaura. United States v. (20: 2) (20) Dare Rapamusoro rakasarudza kuti mugwagwa weGPS uite mutyando wemotokari unoita kuti uite kudarika kudarika kudarika kudarika kwendege inokandwa. Sotomayorcence anonyevera kuti nguva yemberi apo kutonhozhotera kwakapararira. [FT]

matare anoramba achipanikira mirau isina kutenderwa. Somuenzaniso, dare rinoreverera dare, ringagonesa zviremera ku “pane rimwe boka ramashoko risingadaviriki” (pane simba rokuongorora.] matare maduku ari kuramba achipanikira purogiramu dzisina pamutemo. Somuenzaniso, 2019 Kentucky inokwirira chisarudzo chedare, BAIley v. City of Frankfort, inotonga kuti kunzvera musha kunofungidzirwa kusingabvumirwi pamutemo. Dare rakatanhamara pakati pendege inobhururuka nedrone.

Kufambira Mberi Kwemitemo yeHurumende

Kupfuura Bumbiro reMitemo, nyika dzinoverengeka dzakagadza mitemo inoda zvakananga zvibvumikiso zvokushandisa kwamapurisa. Kubva pakutanga kwe2025, dzinenge nyika 24 dzine mitemo inowanzoda pamutemo pamberi pomutemi wemitemo unoda ufakazi mukunzvera kwoutsotsi, kunyange zvazvo kusingawanzovipo nokuda kwekushandisa njodzi kana kuti kubvumira. Somuenzaniso, mutemo waOregon 2013 unorambidza kurambidza kushandisa drons kuunganidza ufakazi pasina maruramiro kutoti paine tyisidziro iri pedyo kuupenyu. Virginia neFlorida ine mitemo yakafanana. Iyi inowanzobatanidza gadziriro dzekunzverazve, inorambidza kuchengetwa kusingachinjiki kwemifananidzo kunokosha.

Pamwero wehurumende, FAA inodzora nharaunda yemhepo, asi Congress haina kupa mutemo wakakwana pamusoro pokunzvera kwamapurisa. Fourth Amendment Is Not for Sale Act, inodzorwazve muna 2023, ingada mitongo yokuchengetwa kwomutemo kuwana mashoko kumativi echitatu, kubatanidza makumbo akabatwa navashandi voga uye akagoveranwa nemapurisa. Zvisinei, hachina kuitwa. Somuuyo, nzvimbo yapamutemo inoramba iri basa rezvakarukwa, nehurumende, uye mitemo yomunzvimbomo inodzorwa uye inorwisana padzimwe nguva.

Basa Revaeni Pakudzivirira Kuva Voga

Zvinodikanwa zvisingachinji zvinobatira sonzvero yokungwarira bviro yokubatwa zvisina kufanira kunogarwa noruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Pasina murairo, mapurisa aigona kutungamirira kwakafara, kunzvera kusina nyumwiro kwenharaunda dzose, kuunganidza mifananidzo yemibato yavanhu yezuva nezuva yakadai seapo vanhu vanoshanyira basa, kana mumwe munhu ari kucherechedza rudzidziso, uye zvakawanda.

Kutonga Kwokutonga Senzvero Pasimba Rine Simba Rinodzora

Chiratidzo chinoda kuchengetwa kwomutemo kuti chishandiswe nenzira isina kutongwa [[FLT: 0] chisakiso chisingatenderwi kumajatititiriti, uyo ipapo anorondedzera ukuru neganhuriro dzokutsvaka. Iyi nzira inovimbisa kuti kunzvera kunoitirwa, kwete kwavose. Nokuda kwokunzverwa, mutongi anogona kududza nzvimbo yenzvimbo inofanira kuchengetwa, nguva yokushanda, uye marudzi emashoko angaunganidzwa. Pasina kunzvera kwakadaro, mapurisa angashandisa drone kutevera mumwe anofungidzirwa uye nenzira isingazivi mifananidzo yavanhu vazhinji vasina mhaka. Kutarisirawo kunoita chinyorwa chakajeka icho chinogona kuhwirudzurwa gare gare gare, anofanira kuramba kuti chiratidzo chapamhirwa kana kuti chakawanikwa chisina kururama.

Kudzivisa Kupera Kwebasa Nokufema

Michina yakatanga kutengwa nokuda kwemhinduro yekurumidziro kana kuti kugadzirwazve kwetsaona dzemotokari kunogona kugadziridzwa zviri nyore nokuda kwokunzvera kunopfuurira. Chinodikanwa chinodikanwa chamapurisa kururamisa nhambo imwe neimwe yokunzvera, kuderedza muedzo woku “ona bedzi icho drone inotora.” Mibato inofamba-famba (pano ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwakaganhurirwa pakuvamba mukukudziridzwa kuva kushandiswa kutsva) yave iri itiro hanya nemimwe midziyo, yakadai seraisenziro inoiswa neraisensi inoyera narobhorasi. Zvinodikanwa zvehondo zvinoshanda sechinhu chinopfuudzira kumira nokumanikidzira masangano kuti amire ndokufunga asati akudza magirazi.

Zvinetso Zvinoshanda Zvokushandisa Mutemo

Vatsigiri vemashandisirwo emitemo asingabvumirwi vanotaura kuti mumigariro inotapurwa nenguva , zvinoitika zvinoshingaira, Amber Alerts , chinodikanwa kuwana murairo chingagona kuparira kunonoka kunouraya. Kudzikamisa kwomutemo kunopikisawo kuti madronesi anopa chimwe chinhu chakachengeteka kupfuura maherikoputa kana kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vapasi vanopinda munzvimbo dzine ngozi. Kudzikamisa izvi zvinoitika zvinoshanda mukurwisana nedziviriro dzakavanzika kwakaoma.

Nguva Nemamiriro Ezvinhu Akaipa Zvakasiyana

Dare rakaziva kwenguva refu migariro yakamanikana inopesana nechinodikanwa. Kana pane tyisidziro yekare kuupenyu kana kuti ngozi yoruparadziko rwava pedyo rwoufakazi, mapurisa angaita pasina pamutemo. Nokuda kwemadrone, mugariro unotapurwa ungava mutengi angagona kupukunyuka kana mapurisa akamirira rugwaro, kana kuti pfuti yakavharirwa apo murangariro wendege ungagona kuponesa upenyu. Zvisinei, kupesana kwacho kunofanira kuva kwapamhene pamutemo; hakugoni kushandiswa kufuratira zvinodikanwa senhau yenguva dzose. Mamwe madhipatimendi emapurisa akakukura mitekiso yezvikumbiro zvemagetsi, achishandisa zvibvumirano zvemagetsi uye vhidhiyo kuti awane vatongi vawanwa kuti vawane tende.

Nzvero yakaitwa nePolice Adminitive Research Forum yakawana kuti pakati pamadhipatimendi anoshandisa drones, 70% yakanga ine zvibvumirano zvokuwana rugwaro mumigariro isingadzoreki. 30% yakasara yakashuma kutsamira pamigariro yakakomba kuti ishande pasina maruramiro. Uku kuchinja kunosimbisa kudikanwa kwemipimo yapamutemo yakajeka zvikuru.

Chisakiso Chinowirirana uye Kuziva

Chimwezve chinetso chinoratidzira chinobvira nokuda kwokunzvera. Drones dzinogona kubata mifananidzo yakafara, mifananidzo inopisa, uye vhidhiyo yemibato yakakwirira. Chibvumikiso chakavakirwa pachingabvira pachisakiso chokuti mbanje iri kukura mudzimba dzemba chingabvumira mhando kubhururuka muyadhi ndokutsvaka miti. Bva drone ichanyorawo mifananidzo yemibato yakavakidzana, vana vanotamba, uye mimwe mibato yomunhu oga. Chiratidzo chinofanira kuratidzira kuti inhaui inogona kuunganidzwa uye kuti inogona kuchengetwa kwenguva yakareba sei. Mapato mazhinji amapurisa akagamuchira miitiro inoda kuti isati ine chokuita necherekedzo inobviswa mukati ma 30 mazuva, asi kuchengetwa kwemiitiro yakadaro kwakaoma kutarira.

Masangano erusununguko rwavagari vemo akadai se ACLU akarumbidza kuti masangano omutemo anoda maruramiro nokuda kwenzvero yose, anoda kubviswa kwemashoko pashure penhambo pfupi, uye anorambidza kushandiswa kwokuziva chiso panzvimbo isina pamutemo wakananga. Mamwe maguta, kufanana naSeattle, akaronga kutanga kutumira madharosi asi anodhonzerwa pashure pokuchema kwavose, gare gare anoshandisa mitemo yorumbidzo yorumano.

Kubvunzurudza Kwavanoita Uye Kodzero Dzavo

Kupfuura pamutemo, kushandiswa kwemabhaisikopo nokuda kwokunzverwa kwamapurisa kunomutsa itiro hanya huru dzetsika. Mano okuita nokucherekedza kwemudenga kwenguva dzose, kwakavhara mudenga anochinja simba pakati pehurumende navagari vayo. Kunyange kana rugwaro rukawanikwa, kunzvera kunogona kuva kunopesana. Somuenzaniso, mabharaki anogona kuratidzira muimba yeshure yakakomberedzwa umo munhu anovharwa nezuva, kana kuti kutarira mumafafiteramu apamusoro akadzivirirwa nenzira isati iripo namachira akajeka akajeka pamitedzero yakaderera. Rudzi urwu rudzi rwokuvhozhekerwa runogona kunzwa sekuputswa kwechiremera, kunyange kana kuri kwapamutemo pasi pechikwa.

Mugumisiro Unonyandura Pakutaura Kwakasununguka Negungano

Apo vanhu vanoziva kuti madenderedzwa angava ari pamusoro pavose pakuramba, kuungana kworudzidziso, kana kuti misangano yezvamatongerwe enyika, angachinja mufambiro wavo. Uyu muuyo unotyisa unogona kusekesa rusununguko rweFirst Amendment. Mushumo 2022 kubva Extonic Frontive Foundation[[FLL:]] zvinoitika zvakatsikirirwa apo mapurisa akamisa mapurisa pamibhedha inodzivisa kutsutsumwa muMinneapolis, Portland, naWashington D.C., kazhinji kazhinji pasina majudha. MuMineapolis, pashure pokupo kupondwa kwaGeorge Flod, drones akashandiswa kutarira nguva namapoka. Nepo mapurisa akataura kuti dron yakabetsera kudzivirira kukuvakwa kwapa, vatsoro, vakataura kuvapo vatsori pamusoro pokuva vanotyisidzirwa nokwe.

Kuziva Mashoko Oga uye Kuramba Uine Nguva

Chikamu chinonzi “mazita avanhu ” hachisi kungochengetwa, kuongororwa, uye kugoverana nemamwe masangano. Pasina mashoko akasimba emitemo yokuchengeta, madhipatimendi emapurisa anogona kugadzira matebhandi emifananidzo mumakore, kugadzira shopu inotsvakwa yemasangano. Rudzi urwu rwemazita rwakafanana nepurogiramu dzinoshandiswa nesangano reUSA Freedom Act. Chinodikanwa chekuunganidzwa kwekutanga inhano yokutanga, asi dziviriro yechivande yemunhu inogonawo kudiwa pakugona kuchengetwa kwemashoko kwenguva refu uye ndiani anogona kuawana.

Kugadzirisa Tsika Nehurukuro Yavose

Gakava ravanhu pamusoro pezvikamu zvamapurisa rakakura, richisundwa nemubatanidzwa wefambiro mberi yeruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu nezvinoitika zvakakwirira. Sezvo nzanga dzakawanda dzinorangarira kana kuti kugamuchira mapurogiramu anodzongonyedza, kurukurirano yakapoteredza zvinodikanwa yazova nhau huru yemiitiro. Masangano akasiyana - siyana ari kuedza mienzaniso yakasiana- siyana youtariri.

Kusvika Kwomutemo Kunopfuura Kushurikidza

Dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seKentucky neWisconsin, dzakagadza mitemo inoganhurira chose chose kunzvera pasina pamutemo, kunze kwezvishoma. Dzimwe, dzakadai seTexas, dzakapa mitemo inobvumira kushandiswa kusina kufanira nokuda kwendaza yakafara yezvinangwa, kubatanidza kutarisirwa kwemotokari nechengeteko yemuganhu wenzvimbo. Pamwero womunzvimbomo, maguta akadai seSan Francisco naLos Angeles ane mitemo inoda kutenderwa kwedare reguta nokuda kwokutenga nokushandira mahroni, pamwe chete nemitemo yokushandisa kwavo. Zvirango izvi kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji zvakanga zviri mugumisiro webasa rokuvandika kupfurikidza navarevereri vechivande chenyika namasangano enzanga. Kusvika padand Clarac County, California, uko kunoda chibvumidzo chekunzvera vanhu vamwe navamwe uye kurambidza kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa nenzvimbo zvezvinyakare zvenguva zvinenge zvitatu.

Hurumende yehurumende inogovera nhungamiro kupfurikidza neNational Institute of Justice and Federal Aviation Administration’s revieter, asi haisati ine mupimo unowirirana. Dare roRuramisiro ra 2021 reDhipatimendi [ pakushandisa kwoga] inoda FBI nevamwe vamiririri vehurumende kuwana mvumo kutoti kana kuti kubatira, asi mutemo iwoyo hausati uchifukidza nyika namasangano omunzvimbomo. Nokudaro, muridzi wemisha muruwa Oregon angafarikanya dziviriro dzakasimba zvikuru kupfuura muridzi wemusha mumusha weAtlanta.

Matanho Okutarisira Nokuisa Muti Muviri

Kupfuura zvibvumikiso zvapamutemo, matare anotarisira nzanga anobatanidzwa zvikuru mukubvumira nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa. Maguta akafanana neDenver nePortland akatanga matare anotarisira vagari vemo anohwirudzura nhambo imwe neimwe yokushandiswa kwematongo nokushuma pachena. Matare aya anogona kurumbidza chinjo kumiitiro, kuongorora mashandiro enhau, uye kuita nevoruzhinji. Kubudirira kweutariri hwakadaro kunotsamira pakuzvimirira kwahwo nezviwanikwa. Kana zvikaitwa zvakanaka, zvinovaka chivimbo uye zvinobetsera mapurisa kushandisa madrone munzira dzinorangarirwa sedzinogamuchirwa sedzinowirirana panzvimbo yokutyisidzira.

Kutarira Mberi: Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nomutemo

Ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu haruna kusipo. Kufambira mberi muupenyu hwebhatiri, kuzvitonga, uye uchenjeri hwokugadzira zviri kuparira mano matsva nedenho itsva. Mapurisa achakurumidza kuva nemhedzi dzinogona kubhururuka nzira dzinogara dzichiripo pasina mutyairi wendege, dzakashongedzerwa neAI dzinogona kuziva mufambiro unonyumwira munguva chaiyoiyo. Izvi zvinoitika zvingavhara mutsetse pakati pechishandiso chokuongorora nemudziyo.

Varoyi Nevatami Vanozvitonga

Kana tsvina yakagadzirwa kuti itenderedze nzvimbo yakakwirira yemhosva, ko kubhururuka kuri kwose kunoda pamutemo here? Dare harisati rapindura mubvunzo iwoyo? Dzimwe nyanzvi dzemitemo dzinoramba dzichinzvera hadzigoni kuva dzine mufungo pasina murairo, nemhaka yokuti rudzi chairwo rwokunzvera ndiko kutsvaka kunopfuurira. Vamwe vanokarakadza kuti mapurogiramu akagadzirwa zvishoma, akadai semadrone anoshandiswa bedzi nokuda kwokuongorora migwagwa mumigwagwa, angasaisavanda vose kana vasinganyore vanhu vanozivikanwa. Sezvinoreva mijaho inodzorwa mberi, mibatanidzwa yezvokusimbisa zvinodikanwa zvisingabvumirwi nokuda kwezvikwaniso zvakananga, asi nokuda kwegadziriro yose yokunzvera, kubatanidza kurongwa hwemanyoro.

Kubvira Kwomutemo Wehurumende

Kupiwa basa rakamanikana remitemo yehurumende nokushaikwa kwemienzaniso yeDare rapamusorosoro padrones, mutemo wehurumende wakakwana watoitwa wapera. Zvikwereti zvinoverengeka zvakatangwa muCongress, kubatanidza Drone Aircraft Iskhon and Transparency Act , izvo zvingada kubvumirwa kwemitemo kuti zvishandise drone nokuda kwokuongorora munhu kana kuti zvinhu. Kusvikira zvino, hapana chapfuura. Zvisinei, sezvo kungwararisa kwapachena kunowedzera uye kushandiswa kwedrone kungawedzera, dzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika ingawedzera. Chirongwa cha 20 chapamutemo chakaona nhamburiko dzakamutsidzirwa, uye vacherekedzo vazhinji vanotarisira kuti mukati mamakore mashanu anotevera, Masangano achashandisa mirayiridzo yedziviriro yetsika dzamaturo, kudzivirira kudzivirira zvakafanana newayamuteveripo.

mhedziso

Chinodikanwa chokuti mapurisa awane maruramiro okushandisa pamutemo nokuda kwokunzvera hachisi chinhu chikuru; idziviriro huru yokuva voga muzera remitemo. Vanovimbisa kuti kunzvera kunoitirwa, kwechinguvana, uye kudzorwa nokutarisira kwokutonga, kudzivirira rudzi rwekuongorora kwakapararira kwaizotonhora nokuparadza chivimbo mumitemo. Masangano emapurisa, anofanira kugadziridza kupfurikidza nokukukura nokukurumidza miitiro uye pamusoro pezvisarudzi zvisina kufanira apo bedzi zviri madikanwa. Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwamabhinya runopfuurira kushandura, mitemo nemirairo zvinofanira kupfuurira narwo, nguva dzose kuchengeta nheyo yeChimbidziko yeChina muchimiro chakakomba mudare: kuti hurumende haingadzoreri upenyu hwedu pasina chikonzero nebvumidzo zvakarurama. Kurangarira pamusoro pezvinodikanwa zvogaro zvogaro zvoga zvoga zvoga zvoga. Ruzivo rwekurarama mumugariro wogaro rwatinoda kugaro kuti tirarame.