Chitanga: Mbiru Nhatu Dzokubatanidzwa Kwomugari Womunyika

Hurumende yeUnited States inoshanda mugadziriro yeparadzano yemasimba, namapazu matatu akasiana--shandukira, anotarisira, uye anotonga jeta (jere) rakarongedzerwa kunzvera nokudzikamisa mamwe. Iyi gadziriro, yakaiswa muBumbiro reMitemo, inovimbisa kuti hakuna munhu mumwe ane chiremera chakakwana uye kuti vagari vemo vane nzira dzakawanda dzokutaura zvinovanetsa, kutsvaka zvikamu, uye kupesvedzera miraudzo yavose. Kunzwisisa kuti bazu rimwe nerimwe rinokurukura zvigumbuso zvavagari vemo hachisi chidzidzo chete muvagari vemo; chishandiso chinoshanda nokuda kwokuchinja mutemo unoshanda. Kana uri kutsvaka kuchinja chiito chehurumende, chiito chinodenha chinoitwa navose, kuziva kuti bazi rinosvika sei kunzi “na . ”

Nyaya ino inochinja mabasa ayo okuteerera, nemaune, uye kupindura.

Mitemo Yebazu Yomutemo: Mitemo Yokugadzira Kupfurikidza Nemifananidzo

Bazu remitemo, rakaumbwa neDare reU.S. (Dare reDare neImba yaVamiririri) idare guru rokugadzira mitemo. Basa raro guru kumirira kuda kwavanhu ndokushandura itiro hanya dzavose mumitemo yezvigadzikiso. Zvisinei, muitiro wacho unobatanidza kure nokunzwa kwedare, nharo dzouriri, kukurukurirana, uye dzvinyiriro yenguva dzose yomufungo wavose.

Mufananidzo: Inzwi Rako MuHoro Dzesimba

Mugari ari wose anogara muruwa rwemasangano (Imba) nehurumende. Vamiriri vako vakasarudzwa .() Mutezo weImba yako navaSanisi vaviri vanotumidzwa pamutemo kubatira nomufananidzo unomirira fariro dzako. Uku kumirira hakurevi; kunoda kuvimbisana kwokushingaira kunobva kuvagari vemo. Apo anobatanidza hofisi yemumiriri wavo neitiro yeitiro hanya yemhoteredzo yomunzvimbomo kana kuti mutemo wehurumende unotapura mabhizimisi maduku (* kuitira hanya ikoko kunotemwa, kunoteererwa, uye kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kunopesvedzera zvisarudzo zvokuvhotera kana kuti zvemitemo.

Britishism [[[FLT: 1] inowedzera mirwi yemifanikiso: Imba, namashoko ayo ane makore maviri, yakagadzirirwa kuva inogamuchira itiro hanya dzomunzvimbomo nedzekare, nepo Dare, rine mashoko ane makore matanhatu, rakaitirwa kurangarira zvikuru zvikuru nhau dzenyika. Ikoku kunoreva kuti mugari wemo anoitira hanya pamusoro penhau yomunharaunda angawana vateereri vazhinji vanogamuchira muImba, nepo kuitira hanya pamusoro pezvokutengeserana kwomunzvimbomo kana kuti muitiro wokumwe kutengeserana kungava kuri nani kupfurikidza nomuSanitor.

Kunzwa inzwi rako, zivisa vamiriri vako vanoshandisa zvinhu zvakafanana ne Wana Mumiriri Wako uye .gov. Tsika shoko rakapfupika, rounyoro rinotaura nhau yacho, nei ine chokuita newe, uye chiito chaunokumbira. Mahofisi anonzvera ona ona ona ona ona mashoko efoni emunhu oga oga.

Kutongwa Kwavose: Town Square of Rastisorder

Matare eCongress nedzinoshandira anorangarira kutongwa kwavose kuti aunganidze chipupuriro chavose, anonzwa kuvabati vemichero, uye anounganidza muuyo kubva kuvanhu vose. Uku kutonga kazhinji kazhinji inhano yokutanga yetsika mumuitiro wewirirano nokuda kwegweta. Somuenzaniso, dare rinorangarira chibvumirano pamusoro pechinjo yemari yavadzidzi richakoka purezidhendi veyunivhesiti, nyanzvi dzemari, vadzidzi, uye vatengi kuti vapupurire. Kunzwa kwakazarukira vanhu uye kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji rinotepfekerwa pa C-SPAN [[FLT]] napanyuro dzedare.

Vagari vanogona kupesvedzera zvakananga kunzwa kupfurikidza nokupa chipupuriro chakanyorwa kana kuti, muzvimwe zviitiko, kupfurikidza nokukumbira kupupurira. Mapoka okusadzidzisa kazhinji kazhinji anobetsera vagari vemo kugadzirira chipupuriro. Kunyange kana usingapupuri, kupinda munzwi nokuchengeta zvinoitika kunokupa nzwisiso mukurangarira kuti itiro hanya dzako dziri kukurukurwa sei. Mukuwedzera, matare anowanzoparira nhambo dzetsinhiro dzavose[[[FLT:] pamutemo unokarakadzwa [FLT]] [mukoto wazova unokosha zvikuru sepakombiyuta yezviteshi zvinozviisa pasi zviri nyore.

Vashandi Vanoshanda Nehurumende Vachitsigirana: Kutonga

Zvichida nzira yakananga zvikurusa iyo vagari vebazu vehurumende vanoitira hanya nayo nhau dzemitemo iri kupfurikidza ne mabasa anobatsira, anozivikanwawo senhau. Mutezo mumwe nomumwe weCongress unogara nevashandi vemitengo inodzidzira. Ava vashandi vanobetsera kupedza nhau namasangano ehurumende: mwedzi yagara nebasa achimirira betsero, kutamburira kunyoresa muMedicare, muridzi muduku webhizimisi anochengeta fomu reSBA, kana kuti mhuri yakatarisana nokunonoka kwepasuo.

Vashandi vanobatira pamwe, vanobata nesangano rakakodzera panzvimbo pako uye vachishandisa uremu hwehofisi yesangano kucheka netepi tsvuku. Iri basa haribhadharisi uye rinowanika kumunhu upi noupi, pasinei zvapo nokuti vakasarudza sei. Kuripitira, dana hofisi yoruwa yomumiririri wako ndokukumbira kutaura neboka remipiona. Iva akagadzirira kupa rondedzero pfupi yenhau, nhau ipi neipi kana kuti nhamba dzenongedzero, uye chimiro chakavanzika chakasainwa (kazhinji kazhinji rutivi rwapasero rwomupimo rwegadziriro yacho).

Kupfuura basa, bazu rewisgnome rezvomutemo rinopawo itiro hanya dzegadziriro yezvokuronga kupfurikidza ne Office yeGovernment Accouncition (GAO), iyo inonzvera mapurogiramu ehurumende pachikumbiro cheCongress. Mishumo yeGAO inowanzotungamirira kukuchinja mutemo.

Bazi Rine Vatungamiriri: Kutevedzera Mitemo uye Kubvuma Kukanganisa

Bazu guru, rinotungamirirwa naPurezidhendi, rine mutoro wokusimbisa mitemo inopiwa neCongress nokutarisira gadziriro dzehurumende. Ibazu gurusa mukuwirirana navashandi, rinobatanidza mapato akadai seHealth neHuman Services, Defense, uye Education, pamwe chete namasangano akazvimirira akadai seEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) uye Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Vagari vanoshanda nebazu revakuru vakuru vehurumende zuva nezuva, kupfurikidza nepossss area, mapaki enyika, uye kudzosera.

Zvinotanga Kuitwa: Agenda anogara muimba Yevachena

Purezidhendi anogadza zvinhu zvinokosha zvorudzi kupfurikidza nezvirongwa zvemiitiro, izvo zvinowanzorongwa mumubatanidzwa wekero yeUNIO, chikarakadzo chemari yokushandisa pagore, uye mapurani evakuru vakuru. Nhanho idzi dzinoratidzira itiro hanya huru sedzinoumbwa nevakuru vakuru vehurumende, kuvhota, uye kubatira boka reboka reUnionness. Somuenzaniso, Afford Care Act yakabva kuna Purezidhendi Obama chipikirwa chekusvika panhau youtano, iyo yakawedzera muitiro yakapararira pamusoro pendyiko dzinokwira nedzinodzivisirwa vanhu veAmerica.

Vagari vanogona kupesvedzera zvakananga idzi nhano kupfurikidza nokutora rutivi mutsinhiro dzavose pamirairo inokarakadzwa, kunyorera White House, kana kuti kupfurikidza nemikumbiro pa [FLT: 0] House.gov/petutions. Nepo Purezidhendi asati achidikanirwa nenzira yapamutemo kuita chiito pamubatanidzwa wavose, unotsigirwa, wakarongwa kurumbidzira kunogona kubvisa kurukurirano yenyika nokumanikidza kurukurirano yehurumende kurangarira nhau.

Mirayiro Yakapiwa Vatungamiriri: Chiito Chinokurumidza Apo Congress Inomiswa

Miraidzo inopiwa naPurezidhendi kuti atarisire mabasa ehurumende yehurumende yehurumende. Zvinotakura simba romutemo asi zvakaganhurirwa kunharaunda umo Purezidhendi akatova nechiremera chebumbiro remitemo kana kuti chomutemo. Somuenzaniso, Purezidhendi Biden akapa mirairo yavakuru vakuru pamusoro pechinjo yomugariro wokunze neyamuro yavadzidzi (yapashure yakaparadzwa neDare Rapamusoro-soro). Iyi mirairo inobvumira Purezidhendi kukurukura itiro hanya dzapakarepo dzeroorano dzehurumende kana kuti kuderera kwezvemari (kwazvo kumirira mvumo yehurumende).

Kushandiswa kwemirairo yavakuru vakuru ibakatwa rinopinza miviri. Nepo vachigonesa mhinduro yokukurumidza kuzvinetso zvevagari vemo, vanogonawo kuchinjwa napurezidhendi anotevera kana kuti kudenhwa mudare. Vagari vanoitira hanya pamusoro pemirairo yavakuru vakuru vakati vanogona kunyorera vamiririri vavo kukurudzira chiito chemitemo, kana kuti kutsigira denho dzapamutemo kupfurikidza namapoka ezvemitemo. Federal Register inobudisa mirairo yose yehurumende, ichiita kuti ive inojeka neinosvikirika nokuda kwokunzverwa kwavose.

Kubatanidzwa Kwavose: Dzimba dzeMataundi, Nzanga, uye Kutonga Kwevamiririri

Bazu guru rinoshandisa mikoto mizhinji kupinda muvagari vemo. horo dzematuro nenzvimbo dzavose zvinogamuchirwa naPurezidhendi, vanyori veKhabhinethi, uye vakuru vakuru vesangano (kakurukuru munguva dzenjodzi kana kuti chinjo yemiitiro. Izvi zvinoitika zvinobvumira Q&A yakananga navagari vemo, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji kazhinji vachiganhurirwa muuwanduro uye vachidzorwa zvikuru.

Masangano eFederal anochengeta masangano anosimudzira masangano enzanga azova chishandiso chekuvimbisana chakakomba. Muitiro wokuronga [[FLT:] [[FLT]] [pano-kuitiranwa nharo, panenge pakava nenharo, pakapo] panoshandiswa kuzivisa nzvimbo dzemiitiro yehurumende uye kuyera maitiro avanhu. Federal inochengeta kuvapo kukuru kwevenhau dzenzanga kuti iparadzire mashoko okutaurira nokukumbira kupindura. Zvikurukurukuru, [[FLT:]] kugadziriswa kwematongerwe ebasa [[FLT] uye kugamuchira tsinhiro dzavose], zvikurukuru kwemazuva 30 kusvikira ku 60. Iko inzira ine simba nokuda kwavagari vebasa rezvokugadzira basa kana kuti vanorarama ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwamabasa okushanda muupenyu hwavo.[FLT] [FFF] [FF]

Basa Regadziriro Dzehurumende

Kupfuura White House, masangano mamwe namamwe anotaura nezvevagari vemo kupfurikidza namahofisi akatsaurirwa. Tsamba yeVertans Affairs ine Office yeVeterans Experious, Saculial Security Administration[ inogovera mahofisi ebasa ebasa remumunda nokuda kweyamuyamu, uye [[FLT:] Concum Filicial Protection Bureautation Bureautation yezverity [ inogamuchira zvichemo zvemariso zvemaripo. Kuziva kuti masangano anotarisira itiroko adzo dzakananga uye kuti aonanei kushandurutsira kupfurikidza nerororo yeda kubatira bhizime.

Bazu Rokutonga: Kududzira Mitemo uye Kudzivirira Kodzero

Bazu redare, rakaumbwa neDare Rapamusorosoro nematare ehurumende akaderera, rinodudzira mitemo uye rinovimbisa kuti iwirirane neBumbiro reMitemo. Rinokurukura itiro yevagari vemo kupfurikidza nokugovera nzvimbo yokugadzikisa nharo, kudenha zviito zvisiri pamutemo, uye kutsvaka mishonga yekuvadziko. Nepo ichiwanzoonekwa sebazu riri kure zvikurusa, ndiyowo inowanika zvakananga zvikurusa nokuda kwavanhu vamwe navamwe.

Muitiro Wedare: Kubva Pakuva Akachenjera Kusvika Pakutonga

Vagari vanogona kuunza mhaka kudare rehurumende kana vakamira `ikuvara rekongiri rinotsaurwa kumukwiridzi uye sezvingabvira richagadziriswa nedare. Ikoku kunogona kubatanidza kudenha murairo womubatanidzwa, kukwirira rusaruro, kana kuti kutsvaka kuvadziko nokuda kwokuputswa kwekodzero dzevagari vemo. Gadziriro yedare rehurumende ine mafiti matatu: matare oruwa (dare), matare edunhu okukwidza, uye Dare rapamusorosoro.

Somuenzaniso, mumhaka yechiratidzo Brown v. Board of Education, Dare Rapamusoro rakataura itiro hanya yavagari vemo yorusaruraganda muzvikoro zvavose. Misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvikuru, Dare rakanzwa mhaka pamusoro pemitengo yezvoutano, kuchengetwa kwezvokubuda munyika, uye kodzero dzokuvhota dzakadzikiswa mumunhu mumwe nomumwe kana kuti muboka kuti matare akaderera aisagona kupedza.

Kuunza nhau, mugari wemo anoda chaizvoizvo gweta, kunyange zvazvo pro se marigita (anozvimirira) achibvumirwa. matare mazhinji ehurumende anopa nzvimbo dzokuzviyamura uye zvimiro zviri nyore nokuda kwenhau dzakafanana sehabeas corpus kana kuti zvikumbiro zviduku zvinorwisana nehurumende. Zvisinei, muitiro wedare unononoka uye unodhura, uko kuri chikonzero nei itiro dzavagari vemo dzakawanda dzichitanga kupedzwa kupfurikidza namamwe mapazu.

Kuhwirudzura Kutonga: Nzvero Yokupedzisira Pasimba

Simba rehwirudzuro [[FLT: 0] yeChiratidzo chemitemo [[FLT: 1], rakatangwa mumhaka 1803 Marbury v. Madison, rinobvumira matare kushatisa mitemo kana kuti mabasa evakuru vakuru anoputsa Bumbiro reMitemo. Ndiyo nzira iyo vatongi vanodzivirira nayo maruramiro avagari vemo kubva mukuvangana namamwe mapazu. Somuenzaniso, Dare Rapamusoro rakarovanyata Purezidhendi Truman mutsika yedare resimbi mukati meHondo yeKorea ([FLT]]]] pepanhau reMitemo yeMitemo yeMitemo. Cote.C.Sy [FLT]5]], kusimbisa kuti munguva dzenjodzi, Purezidhendi wake haagoni kukunda chiremera.

Nepo hwirudzuro yedare iri chishandiso chine simba, inoita chiito bedzi apo mhaka inounzwa pamberi pawo. Ikoku kunoreva kuti vagari vemo vanofanira kutsvaka nenzira yapamutemo kutendeukira kuvakurudziro yenhau iyi. Makambani ezviwaniro zvehurumende, akadai se American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) ne National Association for the Adpital surment of People (NACP) Legatence Fund [, kazhinji kazhinji kacho shandisa zvinoitika izvo zvinotapura manzwi makuru avagari vemo, zvinoisa munhu oga oga oga muchinjo.

Kuwana Ruramisiro: Kuvhara Mukaha

Chipingamupinyi chinokosha pakushandisa bazi rokutonga imari inodhura. Mitengo yemapepa, mitero yokudzosera mari, uye kuoma kwemitemo zvinogona kudzivisa vagari vemo kutsvaka mushonga. Hurumende yehurumende inotsigira Legal Services Services (LC), mari inoripira mapurogiramu ezvokupa rubatsiro rwepamutemo nokuda kwokuwana vanhu vakaderera. Zvirongwa izvi zvinobatsira kurwisana nedzimba, mirayiro yemasimba omumba, kubiridzira, uye betsero.

Masangano akawanda ehurumende ezvokushandira anoshandawo pabono rezvokubhadharwa, magweta avazvipiri ane vagari vemo vanokwaniriswa. Mukuwedzera, matare ehurumende akaita nhano mukuwana nokugovera masvingo epaIndaneti (PACR), vaturikiri vedare, uye pokugara paremare. Vagari vemo vasingagoni kubhadhara gweta vanofanira kunyorerana hofisi yavo yeyamuro yepamutemo yomunzvimbomo kana kuti LAWS.org kuwana zvinhu zvokushandisa.

Imwe nzira zviito zvekirasi, apo mumwe kana kuti mapofu mashomanene anomirira boka guru ravagari vemo vakatapurwa zvakafanana. Zviito zvekirasi inzira ine simba yokukurukura nayo funganyo dzakapararira] zvakadai sezvinhu zvakashata, kushatiswa kwemhoteredzo, kana kuti rusaruro rwebasa (pasina kuda munhu mumwe nomumwe kunyora sutu yakaparadzana.)

Kupedzisa: Gadziriro Inoshanda — Kana Uchiziva Nzira Yokuishandisa Nayo

Mapazu matatu ehurumende yeU.S. rimwe nerimwe anogovera nzira dzakasiana, dzakabatanidzwa dzokukurukura zvinetso zvavagari vemo. Bazu rewirogiogratimenti rinopa mimiririro, mirau yavose, uye mabasa amonerwa . Rwiyo rwemitemo (jeresa) nokuda kwokuchinja mitemo kana kuti kupedza zvinetso zvomunhu oga. Bazu guru, kupfurikidza nemiitiro, zvirango, uye kugadziridza dare, rinogona kupindura nokukurumidza kumiitiro yakafara yenyika yose yorudzi uye zviteshi zvehurumende. Bazu redare, kunyange zvazvo richinonoka uye richipfuudzira zvikuru, rinoshanda somuchengeti mukuru wekodzero dzebumbiro remitemo, richibvumira vagari vemo kudenha zviito zvisinopesana nezvirongwa zvemitemo, uye kutsvaka ruramisiro pamapoka ose ari maviri eboka rimwe nerimwe ravanhu neakawanda.

Kuva mugari wemo kunobudirira kunoda kuziva kuti ndoupi uhwo hwokupinda.

Kupfuura iyi mikoto yakarongwa, vagari vemo vanogona kukudza manzwi avo kupfurikidza nezivikanwo, masangano asingapinduri mhindu, uye kutora rutivi musarudzo − mutoo wokupedzisira wokuita kuti mapazi ose matatu azvidavirire. kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa kuti bazu rimwe nerimwe rinoshanda sei uye kuti rinobata sei, unogona kuchinja pfungwa isina kujeka kuva chiito chakanangidzirwa, chinobudirira. Hurumende haisati iri chinhu chimwe chete; igadziriro yamaturusi akamirira kushandiswa navagari vemo vakaziviswa.