Kutanga: Basa Riri Kukura Rehurumende uye Romutemo Womunzvimbomo Mukutamira Kune Imwe Nyika uye Muvapoteri

Vapoteri navatami vanounza unyanzvi hunokosha, mhatsa yetsika, uye tsinhirano yezvemari kunzanga muUnited States. Zvisinei, kubatana kwavo kunobudirira kazhinji kazhinji kunotsamira pamitemo inotsigira panzvimbo yenyika neyomunzvimbomo. Nepo mutemo wehurumende wokupinda munyika uchigadzirira gadziriro huru yokupinda nenzvimbo yokupotera, ihurumende dzomunzvimbomo idzo kazhinji kazhinji dzinogadzira nokushandisa mapurogiramu anotapura zvakananga upenyu hwezuva nezuva, kubva kukuvakwa kwoutano nedzidzo yokuratidza pamutemo. Iyi mitemo haisati ichingovawo zvayo zvishandiso zvinobudirira zvokuvaka nharaunda huru yokupinda nenzvimbo dzinobudirira. Nyaya inonzvera nzvimbo huru umo hurumende nemitemo yomunzvimbomo zvinokurukura zvinodikanwa zvavapoteri navatami vomunzvimbomo, zvinetso zvakatarisana, uye mabanza okuita kuti zvive munzvimbo dzinowanika zvikuru.

Kuwana Kutarisira Utano: Kuvhara Mikaha Yevatsva

Kuwedzera Zvakanyorwa Pasinei Nemamiriro Ezvinhu

Kusvika kuzvoutano idikanwo huru, uye nyika dzakawanda namasipala zvakapindira kuti zvizadze mipata yakasiya neganhuriro dzehurumende. Somuenzaniso, nyika dzinoverengeka, kubatanidza California, New York, uye Illinois, dzakakudza zvirongwa zvoutano zveMedicaid kana kuti zvakarongwa nehurumende zvokufukidza vakuru vanowana mari shoma pasinei zvapo nenzvimbo yokuenda kumusha. Nhanho idzi dzinovimbisa kuti vapoteri navatami vanogona kugamuchira tarisiro yokudzivirira, mabasa ekurumidziro, uye kurapwa kwemigariro inopfuurira, kuderedza kutsakatikanya mativi outano pakati pevagari vemo. Pasina matanho akadaro, vatsva vakawanda vaizononoka kutsvaka ngwariro yokurapwa, zvichitungamirira kuzvinetso zvoutano zvakakomba uye mutengo zvakakwira nokuda kwegadziriro dzenjodzi.

Masangano Outano Munzanga Nebetsero Yomutauro

Madhipatimendi omunzvimbomo outano hwenzanga anoita basa rinokosha kupfurikidza nokugovera mari inofambiswa napakati yemipimo inofambiswa namari namano etsika. Zvipatara zvizhinji zvinoshandisa vashandi vemitauro miviri kana kuti zvinogovera mabasa okududzira, ayo anokosha nokuda kwavarwere vane unyanzvi hwakaganhurirwa hweEngland. Zvirongwa zvakadai se "Healthy San Francisco" kana kuti gadziriro yeNew York City Care inoratidzira kuti hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinogona sei kuita mabhadharo ezvikamu zvoutano zvemo nenzvimbo dzoutano dzinovakidzani dzinodaidza zvakananga kuvapo. Zvirongwa izvi hazvingovandudziri bedzi utano hwakanaka hwomunhu oga asi zvinovandudzawo utano hwavanhu vose kupfurikidza nokuvimbisa kuti zvirwere zvinopfuudzwa zvinopfuudzwa zvinogona kugadzirwa nenzira inobudirira.

Utano Hwendangariro Nokutarisirwa Kunoziva

Vapoteri vanowanzosvika nenhamo huru inobva kuhondo, kutambudzwa, kana kuti kubviswa munyika. Hurumende nemitemo yomunzvimbomo zvinoziva nenzira inowedzera kudikanwa kwamasangano outano hwendangariro hwakakuvadzwa. Somuenzaniso, Washington State Department of Social and Health Services mari yekupa mazano anokosha nokuda kwegadziriro dzevapoteri dzinobatanidza mufambiro wetsika netsigiro yezera. Mamwe maguta akatanga masangano ezvibvumirano nemhindu dzakafanana neInternational Replation Committee kuti agovere utano hwendangariro netarisiro huru.

Dzidzo Nemabasa Okushandisa Mutauro: Mavako Anoita Kuti Zvibudirire

Chirungu Somutauro Wechipiri Nedzidzo Yavakuru

Unyanzvi hwemitauro ndihwo hunokosha zvikurusa hwekubatana kwemibato yemari nenzanga. Zvirongwa zveESL zvakanatswa nehurumende zvinowanika zvikuru, nenharaunda dzakawanda dzakadai seTexas, Florida, uye Massachusetts dzinobatanidza mari dzinoshandiswa kumakoreji omunzanga uye vagoveri vemari. Maruwa ezvikoro omunzvimbomo anowanzopa makirasi eESL emanheru nedzidzo yokupera kwevhiki nokuda kwavabereki, achiziva kuti kugona kunyora nokunyora nokunyora nokunyora kunoitwa nemhuri kunotsigira kubudirira kwedzidzo yevana. Kubudirira kwevana muOnline neodrojiniss kwakawedzera kusvika, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzomumaruwa. Dzimwe nyika dzakashandisawo mipimo ye "Chirungu cheSpeach of Yokwen Languages" (ESOL) mudzidzo yeK-12 yedzidzo yevadzidzi vokutama.

Zvirongwa Zvokudzidza Zvinochinja Tsika

Zvikoro zvavose ipfundo guru rokuonana kwemhuri dzakawanda dzavatami. Maruwa ezvikoro anofambira mberi akagamuchira zvirongwa zvetsika zvinoratidzira mhatsa yemitumbi yavo yavadzidzi. Zvirongwa zvokunyudza mumvura mumitauro yakadai seizvo zvomuOregon neMinnesota, zvinobvumira vadzidzi kuchengeta mutauro wavo wemo apo vanodzidza Chirungu, kusimudzira kutaura mitauro miviri yemitauro miviri uye kubudirira kwedzidzo. Zvikoro zvinogoverawo mabasa akakudziridzwa sezvokudya zvapachena, pashure pechikoro, uye vatsigiri vakabatana navabereki vanotaura mitauro mizhinji. Iyi inobetsera inoderedza mwero yokuderera nokuvandudza miuyo yokupedza kufunda.

Nzira Dzedzidzo Dzakakwirira Dzavadzidzi Vanotama

Mitemo yehurumende pamusoro pevadzidzi vasina kunyorwa inosiana zvikuru, asi mishumo yakafanana neCalifornia, Texas, uye New York yakabvumira vadzidzi vakakodzera kubhadhara mwero yemipimo yemiganhu yavagari vemo. Dzimwe nyika, kubatanidza Washington neMinnesota, dzinopawo yamuro yemari kuvadzidzi vasina kunyorwa kupfurikidza namapurogiramu akadai seWashington College Grant. Iyi miraudzo inoparira nzira yakajeka kubva kudzidzo yesekondari kuenda kukoreji nebasa, zvinotowedzera zvikuru kufamba kwemari nokuda kwemhuri dzinotamira kune dzimwe nyika.

Masangano Ezvemitemo Nezvenzanga: Kuronga Nzira Yakaoma Kunzwisisa

Yamuro Yapamutemo Nemifanikiso

Kusvika kumimiririro yapamutemo ndechimwe chezvinodikanwa zvikuru zvevapoteri navatami vanotarisana nenhau dzinopinzwa munyika. Kusafanana navapoteri voutsotsi, vatami vari mukubviswa kwenhau havavimbiswi gweta rakagadzwa nehurumende. Kutaura izvi, nyika dzinoverengeka namaguta zvakatanga gadziriro dzakarurama dzokupa zano. Somuenzaniso, Universal Accesssion to Programme yeNew York City inopa chiratidzo chapamutemo chapachena kuvatami vose vakaderera vanotarisana nokudzingwa munyika. Nenzira yakafanana, mari yeCalifornia inoshandira pamwe chete nezvirongwa zvebasa repamutemo zvisina purofiti kupfurikidza neFekitaria reSarvity of Social Servity. Zvirongwa izvi zvinovandudza zvikuru migumisiro nokuderedza ndyiko dzemari yokuchengetwa.

Betsero Yedzimba Nokurwisana

Dzimba dzakagadzikana dzinokosha nokuda kwokubatana, asi vapoteri navatami vanowanzotarisana nerusaruro mumisika yokurenda. Mitemo yedzimba yomunzvimbomo inopa dziviriro dzinopfuura mutemo wehurumende. Dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seCook County (Illinois) neSeattle, Washington, dzakapfuura "Manyuko emari inoripirwa" dziviriro dzinorambidza vagari vemo vanodzinga vabhadhari vanoshandisa varendi verendi, kubatanidza avo vanopiwa kuvapoteri. Mukuwedzera, nyika dzakawanda dzakatsaurira mari yedzimba dzechinguvana dzevapoteri vachangobva kusvika, kazhinji dzinodzorwa namasangano eU.S. Dare revorfugevers neImmagracters.

Zvirongwa Zvemambure Okudzivirira Vanhu

Vatami vanowanzosakodzera nokuda kwebetsero dzehurumende dzakadai seSomeral Nutrition Application Program (SNAP) nePURONI yechinguvana yeMamhuri aPity (TANF) nemhaka yenzvimbo yavo yokutama kana kuti nhambo dzokumirira. Hurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzakapindira kuti dzizadze idzi nzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, purogiramu yeCalifornia CalFresh inoshandisa mari yehurumende kugovera zvokudya kuvatami vasina kukwaniriswa nokuda kweSaP. Nenzira yakafanana, New York State inopa purogiramu ye "Savenet Transficiation" nokuda kwevasiri vagari vemo. Izvi betsero dzinokosha nokuda kwokudzivisa kusava musha nezvokudya mukati medziro mukati me mwedzi yokutanga pashure pokusvika.

Kuchinja Kwemari Nebasa: Kubudirira Kwokushanda

Kufambira Mberi Kwebasa uye Kurovedza Basa

Mapoka ehurumende nanzvimbo dzinomisa mabasa dzinopa mapurogiramu anogadzirirwa vapoteri navatami. Izvi zvinobatanidza marobhoti okugadzira mabasa, kudzokerazve kubetsera kwokunyora, uye rovedzo yeunyanzvi muminda yakakwirira sezvokutarisira utano uye unyanzvi hwemashoko. Dzimwe nyika, kufanana naColorado, dzakatanga zvirongwa zvakananga zvakadai "Refugee Brought and Training Program" uyo mushandi pamwe navashandi pamwe chete pa-job. Microenterpending programwo yokuvandudza inobetserawo kutanga mabhizimisi maduku, kusimudzira upfumi hwomunyika. Kushandiswa kwe Kudzidzira maakaunzi[FLT] ARGUP] kupfurikidza nePURTIOM (WUS) inobvumira vatsva kurovedzwa kurovedza mabhizimisi.

Kuziva Kunokosha Kwokushanda

Vatami vazhinji vane unyanzvi vanosvika nezvikwaniriso zvenyanzvi munyika dzavo asi havagoni kushandisa mabasa avo pasina kuvanzazve. Mitemo inosiana zvikuru mumiitiro yavo nokuda kwokuzivikanwa kwapamutemo. Vatungamiriri saNew Jersey neWashington vakapfura mitemo inoda mabhodhi okuyera zvikwaniriso zvokunzesa zvinoshanda panguva yakafanira uye kugovera nzira dzokupinda munyunguro dzeasylaises nevapoteri. Dzimwe nyika dzakatanga "vafambi vanofambira nomutemo" kuti vabetsere vatami kunzwisisa zvinodikanwa. Idzi chinjo dzinoparira zvivako zvavanhu zvinokosha uye kushairira mazano muminda seinjiniya, marapidhia, uye kudzidzisa.

Kudzivirira Vashandi Nokumanikidza Vashandi

Vatami, zvikurukuru avo vane mugariro wakaoma, vanotapurwa. Mitemo yehurumende yakasimba neyomunzvimbomo yavashandi inodzivirira vashandi vose pasinei zvapo nenzvimbo yokupinda munyika. Somuenzaniso, Korogiramu yeBasa yeCalifornia inoshanda zvakajeka kuvanhu vose, uye Hurumende inomanikidzira nokushingaira kubhadharwa mari shomanene, nguva yomuraudzo, uye mipimo yekotsekano yebasa. Mitemo yemo yemo yemo ye "basa" mumaguta akadai saSan Francisco naLos Angeles inogovera nzvimbo yavashandi vezuva navashandi vepamba kuti varonge nokutsvaka kurapwa kwakarurama. Iyi dziviriro inovimbisa kuti vatamiri vapa mari shomanene kumari pasina kubatwa zvisina kufanira.

Dzimba Nekubatana Kwenzanga: Kugadzira Nzvimbo Dzinouya Dziri Munharaunda

Kutanga Kuwana Dzimba Dzisingadhuri

Ndyiko dzamabasa okugara idzvironzesa yemipinyi yenzvimbo dzenzanga dzinovakwa nevanotamira. Masangano edzimba dzehurumende anowanzoisa gadziriro dzinobvira dzedzimba nokuda kwenzanga dzine vatami vakakwirira. Dzimwe hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, dzakadai seAustin, Texas, dzakashandisa mirau inobatanidza kuvimbwa kwenyika dzenzanga nerendi kuti dzichengetedze nzvimbo dzinosvikika. Vapoteri vanofanirwawo nokuda kwepurogiramu dzakati Refuge Home Loan Program[FLT] mune dzimwe nyika, idzo dzinogovera mari yakaderera zvikurusa yezvitengo zvokutenga zvapamusha. Iyi miraudzo inosimudzira chengetedzo yenzanga yenzanga dzevatami vatami.

Mahofisi Okugamuchira Vatami Nokupinda Mumisha Yavo

Maguta mazhinji nenhamba dzakatanga "Ofesi yeImmigrant Affairs" kana kuti masangano akafanana kuronga mabasa nokutsigira miitiro. Mienzaniso inobatanidza Office yeNew York City Mayor yeImmigrant Affairs neHofisi yeSeattle yeImmigrant neFoffae. Mahofisi aya anoshanda nemasangano enzanga kuvandudza kusvika kumabasa eguta, kusimudzira kusimusikirwo, uye kurwisana. Mukuwedzera, dzimwe nyika dzakadai seMichigan neMaine dzakatanga "Welujating Michigan" uye "Welgate" nhanss anotungamirira vatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo uye kugovera zvirongwa zvokubatanidza nzanga. Mahofisi aya anobatira sepfundo rimwe rokuonana kwevafambidzani vanofamba neboka.

Kuchengeteka Kworuzhinji Nepoka Yenzanga

Kuvimba pakati penzanga dzavatami nokuchengetwa kwomutemo kunokosha nokuda kwekotsekano yavose. Mitemo mizhinji nenharaunda dzakagadza "chibvumirano" mitemo yomunzvimbomo inoganhurira mapurisa omunzvimbomo kubatira pamwe naanoronzeswa vatami vehurumende mumigariro yakati. Somuenzaniso, mutemo wenzvimbo tsvene yeOregon unorambidza hurumende nemirairo yomunzvimbomo kupfurikidza nokushandisa pfuma kuisa mutemo wokupinda munyika. Iyi mirau inobetsera kuvimbisa kuti vatami vapamberi vapamberi vapambe vapamberi vemhosva, vabatire sapupu, uye vabata namabasa enzanga vasingatyi kudzingwa. Vashandisi vomunharaunda inovaka vadzo vadzo vanoshanda vanoshanda zvakanaka vanovaka nharaunda vanovaka ruvimbo rwakareba uye vanoderedza utsotsi nokuda kwevagari vose.

Zvinetso Nemikana Yakanaka: Kufamba Nenzvimbo Yakatsvikinyidzirwa

Kuganhurirwa Kwemanyuko Nekuchinja Kwematongerwe Enyika

Nepo nyika dzakawanda dzinofambira mberi dzakaita miitiro yakasimba, vamwe vakaita mipimo inoganhurira. Basa remitemo inoganhura mumativi ose enyika rinoparira kusaruramisira kukuru nokuda kwavapoteri navatami kuchitsamira panzvimbo dzavanogara. Kuganhurirwa kwemari inoganhurirawo ukuru hwepurogiramu. Somuenzaniso, mari yemakirasi eESL kazhinji kazhinji ine mipimo inokwanisa kupedza mwedzi. Kudzorwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika pakupinda munyika pamwero wehurumende kungadirana muhurumende nenhandare dzomunzvimbomo, kuchitungamirira kukusagadzikana nokusava nechokwadi nokuda kwevakidzani vebasa navatsva zvakafanana. Kupa hurukuro idzi denho kunoda kuramba kuchipfuurira kuva pamutemo uye kuva muvhenganiso.

Basa Remasangano Asina Mhindu uye Ane Kutenda

Hurumende nemitemo yomunzvimbomo zvinobudirira zvikurusa apo zvinoshandisa unyanzvi hwemasangano akavakirwa panzanga. Masangano okutsiva, machechi, uye masangano edzinza kazhinji kazhinji ndiwo mutsetse wokutanga wetsigiro. Nyika zhinji dzinogovera kupa kuaya masangano kupfurikidza nezvibvumirano neHofisi yeRefugee Repace Repace Reficial. Somuenzaniso, Office ye [[FLT] Reparection[FLT] pamwero wehurumende inoshanda nepurogiramu dzehurumende dzinotsigirwa nehurumende. Kubudirira kunoda zvibvumirano zvakasimba pakati pehurumende, zvigamudzo, uye chikamu chavanhu kuti vagove mabasa anodikanwa panguva imwe neimwe.

Kuunganidzwa Kwemashoko uye Muitiro Unotsigirwa Nouchapupu

Kugadzira mitemo inobudirira, nyika nenzvimbo kunoda mashoko akarurama pamusoro pezviverengero zvechiverengero chavagari vemo, zvinodikanwa, uye miuyo. Dzimwe nyika dzakatanga mapoka okunzvera kwakazvitsaurira, zvakadai se Shashington State Immigrant Policy Lab, kunzvera miitiro nokunzvera miuyo yepurogiramu. Dzimwe dzinoshandisa mashoko kubva kuAmerican Community Survey neState database dzoutano. Zvisinei, kuunganidzwa kwemashoko pamusoro penzvimbo yokupinda munyika kunoramba kuri kworuzivo uye kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kuperevedza. Kuvandudza mashoko edata nepo kudzivirira kuvandika ibanza rinokosha nokuda kwokuita nhevedzano nokubudirira. Zvinyorwa zvinovakirwa zvinogona kuratidzira betsero dzemari, kuita purofiti yemari.

Mugumisiro: Kuvaka Nzanga Dzakaganhurirwa Kupfurikidza Nokuvandudza

Hurumende nemitemo yomunzvimbomo zviri pamitsetse yapamberi yevapoteri nebatanidzwa vatami. Kupfurikidza nokuranga zvinodikanwa zvinokasha muzvoutano, dzidzo, mabasa apamutemo, mabasa, iyi mirau inoita kuti zvinhu zvivepo apo vatsva vanogona kuwana dzikamo ndokubetsera nzanga dzavo. Nyika hadzina kusiana, nedzimwe nyika dzinogovera tsigiro huru apo vamwe vanoisa miganhu. Asi, muitiro wezvokuvandudza kwomunzvimbomo unovimbisa. Kupfuurira kuiswa kwemiitiro yomutauro, mabasa okubetsera akarongwa, uye kumirira kwapamutemo kunokosha. Sezvo nzanga dzinova dzakasiana-tsinhanhanharo, miitiro isati iri mipimo bedzi yomutsa asi mitengo inokodzera kukura kwemari inodzorwa. Vatungamiriri pamutengo uri wose unofanira kuziva kuti simba renzanga riri mumano ayo okugamuchira nokupa vanhu vose. Nokuda kwemashoko akawanda anodiwa pamasangano akanakisisa, kunzvera zvinhu zvakafanana nezvinopfumiteverwa. [FG.][0][1]