Kusaenzana Kunovapo muJapan: Kuparadzana Kunowedzera

Yambochengetwa nokuda kweboka rayo rapakati napakati napakati neboka renzanga rakasimba, Japan yakawana kukwira kwakatsiga kwemitengo yemari mumakumi matatu amakore apfuura. Gini cofitance, mwero wavose wokusaenzana, wakwira kubva panenge 0.28 pakati-1998 kusvikira kuinopfuura 0.33 pakupera kwa2010 pakugadziridzwa kwoukuru hwemhuri, maererano ne [[FL:] E] CD [D [FOLD] J] data . Japan inoramba yakaenzana zvikuru neUnited States kana kuti United Kingdom, komba kuva inotyisidzira muitiro, vagadziri vemari, uye vanhu vazhinji. uye vanopesana vose. Stagna, vanobhadharwa nokuda kwebasa, kukwegura, uye kubhadharwa kwemitero yemitero inoisa mutoro unoremadza panzvimbo yemari inopazwa panzvimbo yemari inopazwa papfungwa dzose dzemari. Chitongeriti chikuru chinodenha kupfurira mberi zvikuru kupfurikidza neyati yehurumende yehurumende yeJapan. Chipomende yehurumende inopesana, chinodenha ichi chinoitwa zvikuru muhondo chikuru.

Mavambo Echinetso Chokusaenzana CheJapan

Kunzwisisa chikonzero nei masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika ari kuronga zvigadzikiso zvakasiana zvakadaro, munhu anofanira kutanga kunzwisisa zvisakiso zvokuvakwa kweJapan. Chisakiso chinokosha zvikurusa ndechokutengeswa kwevashandi kuviri. Kwamakumi amakore, “basa renguva ino” rakadzivirira gadziriro yenguva dzose yavashandi vane mibhadharo yakatsiga, hona, uye mibayiro yorupo. Asi pashure pemari inobuda yakabuda muna 1991, makambani anowedzera kutendeukira kuvashandi vasiri venguva dzose, vashandi vanobatira, uye vanotumirwa vashandi vanotapa mibayiro inotengwa navanowana mibayiro mishoma. Nhasi, inenge 40% yevashandi haisiri mari inodzo inodzoreka, sezvinoshumwanwa ne [[FLT] Japanan Institute nokuda kweLabour Policy naTrung [FLT].[FLT]]

Mumwe mutyairi igadziriro yomutero nokutamisa. Japan inotsamira zvikuru pakushandisa mitero nemitero yeinishuwarenzi yenzanga, iyo inodzorwa nejeni rakaderera. Zvichingoripo, gadziriro yemari yomutero yapamari inobhadharwa yakapfumbarara, uye purofiti dzemari dzinobhadharwa pamwero wakaderera zvikuru kupfuura mari yemari inotambirwa. International Monetary Fund [[[FLLD]]] Mot:1] yakacherekedza kuti gadziriro yokuwedzera mari yeJapan haishandi zvikuru kupfuura dzimwe nyika dzakakwirira pakuderedza kusaenzana. Pakupedzisira, dzvinyiriro yokubereka nayo inobatira pachinetso. Vakweguru vanotsamira pamiteshi yavose, iyo iri inova nemwero yezvizvarwa duku yakatarisana nemiripo yakakwirira nemari yakakwirira mumaguta. Izvi zvinoita kuti kuderera kwemitengorongwiro yemari isati kuderera.

Mapati Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Nezvaanoda

Mativi ezvamatongerwe enyika eJapan anogovera rudzi rwakati rwenzira, kubva pamagadzirirwo okukura okutanga kusvikira kuanogovera. Pasi apa, tinonzvera miitiro yamapoka mana makuru: LDP inotonga nomubiyake wayo Komeito, CDP huru inoshora, uye JCP. Boka rimwe nerimwe rinoronga nhau yacho nenzira yakasiana, rinoratidzira hwaro hwetsigiro nechimiro chendangariro.

Liberal Democratic Party (LDP): Kukura somushonga

LDP, musimba rinenge rinopfuurira chifo cha 1955, rakarangarira nenzira yapakuvamba kuti kukura kwezvemari inzira yakanakisisa yokusimudza nayo magwa ose. MuManeral Ministers Shinzo Abe (2020) navatsivi vake, vakatevera “Abenomics” (muvhenganiswa wemari, shatiso, uye kugadziridza. Kukura kwemipindudziko. LDP inonongedzera kumwero wakaderera weurovha yebasa ye 2,5% sebudiriro, inoreva kuti musika webasa unomanikidzira mari nokuda kwevose vari vaviri vashandi venguva dzose uye vasiri vemo. Zvisinei, kukura chaiko kwave kwakaneta, uye nyanzvi dzezvokubetsera upfumi dzakawanda dzinopfuunzwa kupfurikidza nokuwedzera purofiti yemari inopfumba uye mari inopfumbadza zvikuru. Asi nguva pfupi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, PLD yakasuma kuti itsiridza mibairo yemitero yemitero yemitero yemari nokuda kwemitero yemitengo huru nokuda kwemiteshi inopfumbidzo huru.

Komeito: Mushandi Pamwe Chete

Komeito, mukwanyina weboka rakaderera weLDP, anomirira mubato unoziva zvikuru munzanga mukati mechibvumirano chinotonga. Akabva muboka reSoka Gakkaii bhud, Komeito anosimbisa mitemo yavanhu yapakati uye akambosundwa kare nokuda kwepurogiramu dzegarikano. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, Komeito akatsigira kuwedzera kubvumira mwana, kuwedzera dzidzo yakasununguka, uye kukwidziridza mari inotapurwa nokukurumidza zvikuru. Boka racho rinotsigirawo gadziriro inofambira mberi zvikuru yemitero, kunyange zvazvo risina kungwarira kubvisa mukwanyina waro. Komeito anogona kuonwa mumiitiro yakadaro se “Rewa” inowedzerwa bhajeti rezvinokosha izvo zvakabatanidza mipimo yokubetsera kuwana mari yakaderera zvikuru uye mhuri dzinooneka. Kunyange zvakadaro Kometo anopa purofiti huru yenzira yayo yokushandisa kudzorwa kwechipfumbiso yeboka rose nokuda kwechipotenziro huru zvikuru.

Constitution Democraticism Party (CDP): Kugovera Kunofambira Mberi

CDP, mubato mukuru wetsoropodzi, inoita chimiro chakajeka chokupa. Inoronga kukwidziridza mutero wakaderera wenyika yose wemibayiro mikuru neyapahove ye $1,500 paawa (inenge $10) painenge 2020, ichidudza kudikanwa kwomuripo wokurarama. Vapapatidzi vanokarakadzawo kutanga mutero unofambira mberi zvikuru, mitero inowedzera pamutero papfumitengo, uye kuvhara mari inobhadharwa nokuda kwemibayiro yemari, uye mari inovhara mari. Parutivi rwemari, CDP yaizowedzera ganhuro yenzanga, kubatanidza dzidzo yapachena yapachena, kubatanidza gadziriro yemitero yavose yezve, uye mari yakakwirira. Chirongwa chitsarudzo chavashandi chapamusoro ndecho kugadziridza mitero yebasa: CDP inoda kusimbisa miraudzo pabasa risingadzoreki, uye kupfuutsiridza mari inopfumbateverwa namapoka evo. Chipokambira chitsaro chenyika chitsaro chitsa kumiteshi chavose chinoitwa mugadziriro chavose chinoitwa mumiteshi chenyika, chi

Boka rechiKomonisiti reJapan (JCP): Systemic Arhaul

JCP inopa chiono chikurusa. Inopa chibvumikiso chokuti chikamariro chimene chinoita kusaenzana, uye kuti chinjo bedzi kunzvimbo dzavose dzeindasitiri huru netapuro yehurumende inogona kupedza chinetso. JCP inokarakadza mutero wepfuma pamari huru nenzvimbo, wedzero huru mumitero yebhizimisi, uye kuvadziko yezvigaro zvikuru nezvokushandisa. Pabasa, boka rinoraira kurambidzwa kwebasa risina kufanira uye kodzero yekodzero yemunhu wose kumushandi wenguva dzose. Rinosimudzirawo chikamu che $2 000 chemwedzi nemwedzi chevagari vemo vose, chinotsigirwa nemitero pamusoro pevapfumi. Kunyange zvazvo JCP ine zvigaro zvishomanene zvezvigaro muDity, pfungwa dzaronge dziripo pakati pavaduku navanorwira mari. Boka ramadhipati eboka racho rinowana simba mumakumi amakore akawanda, asi rinoreverwawo sezvirongwa zvisina kudzoronze.

Mamwe Mapoka Nenzwi Rinosangana

Kupfuura vatambi vana vakuru, mapati maduku akadai saRewa Shinsengumi, anotungamirira namutambi adzokerwa-politician Taro Yamamoto, akaita kusaenzana kwenhau yavo yokusaina. Reiwa anokarakadza kugovera kukuru kupfurikidza nokushandisa mutero mukuru nokuda kwemari huru yavose, pamwe chete nemitero mikuru papfuma namasangano makuru. Boka rakawana ngwariro yavose huru murusarudzo rwa 2019, kuwina zvigaro zviviri. Munguva ino, Japan Innovation Party (Nipin Han Kai), yakavakirwa zvikuru muOsaka, inosimbisa kugadzirwa kwemitero kwemitero yeruwa uye kucheka tsvikinyiswa kwetsvina. Chiteshi chadzo chezvisariranwa chakakura chakakura chakakura mumitengogaro chakakura. Chipfuurerukira kupfurikidza nokukwirana chavanhu vose. Chiwiriranwa chavanhu vose, pakupedzisira chinobva muboka chakakura zvikuru muboka chavanhu, chinoshatsatsa miteve mitengo.

Zvinetso Zvokuchinja Zvinhu Zvichibudirira

Pasinei zvapo nenhevedzano yezvikarakadzo, kushandisa muitiro upi noupi wokusaenzana kwakakomba muJapan kunotarisana nemhinganidzo dzinotyisa. Yokutanga ifiscal. Japan ine chikwereti chavanhu vose chakakwirira ku-kubva ku-GDP munyika, inopfuura 260%, inoganhurira nzvimbo yokushandisa mari itsva kutoti yawiriranwa nemitero kana kuti kupedza mari kune imwe nzvimbo. Papati ipi neipi inokarakadza mapurogiramu makuru egarikanwa egarikano matsva egarikano anofanira kutarisana neyamutezo matsva pasina kudzongonyekerwa. Chinetsoiwo chemari chinodzivisa mutengo chemari inopfuurira mari inopfuurira. Chinetso chekuwedzera chitsatsamisiro chemari pakati pemitero yavose. [Vane ruzhinji vanowana mutengo mukuru wemitero inopfumbadzo inopfumbaira zvikuru.]

Rimwe denho ndeyezvamatongerwe enyika. Somuenzaniso, “mubhadharo wakaenzana webasa” wakapfuudzwa muna 2018, kureva kuti zvikarakadzo zvechishoro hazviwanzonzwiwa. Asi LDP imene itende guru, ine mapoka anosiyanisa kubva kutsika dzechimuteshi kunzvimbo inosinwa. Tsika dzechiJapan dzinogona kuderedza kugadziridza nhano. Somuenzaniso,“ mari yakaenzana nokuda kwebasa rakaenzana" yakapfuudzwa muna 2018 yakaneteswa zvikuru pashure pokuva nomusinwa wamapoka ebhizimisi uye kushora kwomukati kubva pamitezo yeLDP. Pakupedzisira, tsika dzeJapan dzinogona kuderedza kugadziridza kugadziridzwa kwechinjo dzinopfavisa. Miriscis anowanzodzivirira kukwirira makore kuti akwire. Izvi zvose zvino zvinokarakadza kuti fambiro mberi ine revokate pamamiriro ezvinhu ezvamatongerwe enyika kutongetetetetetete mamiriro ezvinhu ezvamatongerwe enyika.

Basa Renzanga Yevagari Vomunyika Nedzvinyiriro Yamarudzi Ose

Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika haashandi munzvimbo isina chinhu. Masangano makuru, kunyange zvazvo asina simba kupfuura kare, ave achivavarira nokuda kwewedzero yapamubayiro nebasa rakachengeteka zvikuru. Rengo, rakakwirira, Rengo, rakaraira wedzero ye 3% kusvikira ku 5% yegore negore, uye muchirimo 2024 makambani makuru akabvumirana kumutsa inopfuura 5% yenguva yokutanga mumakumi amakore. Masangano echiActric akafanana ne “Non Reglagellars Union" uye“ Wenet Network" yavey yeVakadzi yeJapan yakasimudzira kuziva kwechienzi chetsikano yetsikano yetsikano yegore, nechenjere yeJapan iri imwe yemhoshonga yakaipisisa muOECD pa 22% yedzvinyiriro yenzanga. Masangano enyika akawanda anowedzera kusimba renyika yose. Kunyange zvakadaro, masangano enyika dzose ose anowedzera kuwanda kuoma kwemifungo yehurumende yeJapan, apo anopa chiverengero chapamusoro chemari chinopfupikisa zvikuru.

Kuenzanisa Nzvimbo Dzinopindwa Nadzo: Mabasai?

Mazvemitengo akakamuraniswa pamusoro penzira iyo inoshanda zvikuru. Nzira yokutanga yeLDP ine tsigiro yapanyika: nyika dzine mwero yokukura yakakwirira dzinoona mari yakawanda yawanwa. Dzinosarudzirwa hadzibatwi nechapamusoro. Kukura kwakaderera kweJapan chifo cha 1990 ingava mutyairi wekusaenzana, sezvo upfumi hunoda kubhadhara pfuma iripo. Kunyange zvakadaro, mari inoderera zvikuru yakaderera yave inoshorwa. Mitengo yeCDP inodzorwa inodzorwa nemitemo inopesana inowirirana noufakazi hunowirirana noukuru hwemutero. Kuchinja kwezvamatongerwe enyika kungaderedza zvikuru kuenzana nokusaenzana kwemari, nyika dzechinyakare. Sezvidzodzo inopfuvurisa zvikuru, mitero yenzanga yose uye mitero inopfuvura, inopfuvura, inopfuurwa zvikuru, asi inopfuurirwa pamwe chete nemitero mukuru munyika yose, asi inopfuurirwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvedzo dzechipapuko dzinobudirira kuJapan ndedzero huru. Kubva kupfumisa zvamatongerwedzo yezvamatongerwe enyika dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinoda kupfumisa, dzinoda kupfumisa.

Kariro Dzenguva Yemberi

Japan iri pamharamende. Chikamu chapashure pekukwira kwapasi kwapasi chakapinza nhau yemibayiro chaiyoiyo. Bank reJapan pakupedzisira rakachinja kubva pamiuyo inodzorwa zvikuru yemari ingatapura gadziriro yebasa nekusaenzana munzira dzisingadeyi kuzivikanwa. “Nhevedzero itsva yeCapitalist” pfungwa, inosimudzirwa naPrimente Kishista, kuedza kubatanidza kukura nokugovera, asi kusvikira zvino yapa purofiti kupfuura miuyo. Chivimbo chavose mubato dzezvamatongerwe enyika chingava chakaderera / inongova 30% bedzi yeRehost revotation rekits. Iyi inoza nzvimbo nokuda kwemitemo yePult, asi iyo iri muJapan inova inoda kuva mutsigiri wenyika inosarudzi rwamarudzi panzvimbo petesi. Kunyange zvakadaro, migariro mipato mipano mitsva yehurumende inopfumba inopfuvura zvikuru ingagona kupindura zvikuru, asi inopfuvura zvikuru vanhu vazhinji zvikuru.

Mugumisiro: Kuramba Kurwisa

Kusaenzana kwemari muJapan hakusati kuri njodzi pamwero weUnited States kana kuti Brazil, asi muitiro unoparadza uyo unotyisidzira nhevedzano yenzanga ndokusekesa chinangwa chenzanga ine ruramisiro. Mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika eJapan akaita chiito chakajeka, kubva kukuvara kweLDP kwakarongwa zvishoma nezvishoma kunzvimbo yejenakure yeJCP. Hapana kudana kwegadziriro yegadziriro yegadziriro yegadziriro yezvinhu. Kumwe kweiyi mitoo yokuchinja kwenhambo nenhambo yetsika yetsika yetsika. Nokukwegura, mwero wekubereka, uye upfumi hwenyika hwenyika yose, kurukurirano yacho imene chiratidzo chakanaka chekurukurirano yedemocracyicracy. Chinetso chokupfuudzira kupfuura kuwirirana nokugamuchira ufakazi hunobatanidza kukura, kushatsarukana, uye chitarisiko chinodikanwa zvikuru chezvamatongerwe enyika. Chino chamatongeri mberi chisati chichitongogovera chiono chakajeka zvikurusa chitsarukana chiya.