Kunzwisisa Kusarurama Kwemapurisa uye Basa Romutemo Wehurumende

Kuzvibata kwemapurisa muUnited States hakusi chinhu chitsva, asi zvinoitika zvakakwirira zvemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvakaunza nzvero itsva kunzira iyo vakuru vakuru vanotarisira mutemo vanozvidavirira nayo. Nepo mutemo wehurumende unogadza mipimo yetsika yehwaro, mutoro mukuru wokutungamirira mufambiro wamapurisa nechirango uri munyika. Hurumende imwe neimwe yakakudziridza rurongwa rwayo imene rwemitemo, mitemo yokutungamirira, uye mibato inodzora mufambiro wavakuru vakuru nemigumisiro yokuputsa mutemo. Iyi mitemo inosiana zvikuru, kuumba basa rokuzvidavirira rinogona kuva rakaoma nokuda kwevoruzhinji kufamba. Nokuda kwavadzidzi, vadzidzi, uye vagadziri vemitengi vemiitiro, kunzwisisa kuti mitemo inokurukura sei kusazvibata kuvambira kudecreshi kusvika kudecreagration.

Kukura Kwomufambiro Usina Kufanira Wamapurisa Mukutonga Kwazvino Uno

Kusazvibata kwamapurisa kunobatanidza mufambiro wakasiyana - siyana, kubatanidza kushandiswa kwakanyanyisa kwesimba, kusungwa kwedzinza, ufakazi, kukanganisa, kusazvibata muvatano, uye ushati. Simba rinotambanukira kupfuura vanyajambwa vamwe navamwe, kubvisa chivimbo chavanhu nokudzvinyirira ukama hwenzanga. Nzvero dzakaratidza kuti kunyange chinoitika chimwe chakakwirira chinogona kuderedza zvikuru batira pamwe nokuchengetwa kwomutemo nokuwedzera kurambwa kwenzanga. Pamwero yehurumende, vavariro yemitemo isina kururama ndeyokudzivisa mufambiro wakashata kupfurikidza nemipimo yakajeka, inovimbisa kunzvera kwakarurama apo zvikanganiso zvinomuka, uye inoisa miuyo inodzivirira vose vari vaviri vapurisa nekotsekano yavose.

Nemhaka yokuti vaiti vemitemo vehurumende vanonyora mitemo mizhinjisa youtsotsi neyoudzori inodzora mapurisa, kuita kumufambiro kwomufambiro wakashata kunodzorwa zvikuru. Dzimwe nyika dzakava nezvirongwa zvakasimba zvine zvinodikanwa zvokushuma zvinomanikidzirwa, nepo dzimwe dzichipa dziviriro shomanene dzinopfuura mipimo miduku. Uku kuchinja kazhinji kazhinji kunotsamira panhau, mamiriro ezvamatongerwe enyika, uye pesvedzero yemibatanidzwa yemitemo. Muuyo igadziriro umo mwero wokuzvidavirira mugari wemo unogona kukarira kazhinji kazhinji panzvimbo yadzinogara.

Kudzidza kweHurumende: Kubva Pakuongorora Kuenda Pakuderedza

Nhau Dzomukati Nenzvero Dzamaune

Mitemo mizhinjisa inoda kuti masangano anotarisira mutemo ave nemiitiro yakarongwa yokubata nenyunyuto dzisina kururama. Iyoyi inowanzovamba nokunzvera kwomukati kunoitwa nekamukana kenhau dzomukati kebato kana kuti, mune zvimwe zvinoitika, mutumbi wakasiana unotarisira. Mitemo yehurumende inowanzogadza musi wekupedza kunzvera uye inoda kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vaziviswe nezvepomero padziri. Somuenzaniso, Purogiramu yePeace Profective Ratives and Training (POST) inoraira kuti masangano ose atevere miitiro yakananga, kubatanidza ziziviso, kunzwa, uye kukwidza, kuvimbisa maruramiro, kuvimbisa muitiro wakafanira wavapurisa apo anenge achichengeta kuzvidavirira.

Dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seNew York, dzakapawo mitemo inobvisa nzvero dzokusazvibata mubato ndokupinda mumasangano anotarisira akazvimirira. New York State Attorney General inogona zvino kunzvera zvinoitika zvakati zvinobatanidza kushandiswa kwamapurisa apo mugari wemo anofa, ichiwedzera hwirudzuro yokuzvimirira kupfuura miitiro yomukati yedhipatimendi. Iyi mitoo yokunzvera yokunze inoitirwa kuderedza rwisano yefariro iri mumapurisa anonzvera mapurisa.

Kuranga Kunoitika Uye Chirango Chinopfuurira

Mirairo yokuranga nokuda kwomufambiro wakashata wamapurisa inogona kubatanidza kutuka, nyevero dzakanyorwa, kurevererwa pasina muripo, kuderedzwa, kana kuti kubviswa. Mitemo mizhinji yehurumende inoda chirango chinofambira mberi, kureva kuti ukuru hwechirango hunowedzera nokuputsa kunodzokororwa kana kuti kwakakomba zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, Texas Repagement Code Depart 614 inoda masangano anodzika mutemo kuti achengete gadziriro yechirango chinofambira mberi uye kunyora zviito zvipi nezvipi nezvipi nezvipi zvinoshandiswa. Zvisinei, vatsoropo vanoramba kuti chirango chinofambira mberi chinogona kutungamirira kukuunganidzwa kudarika kuduku mumhoshodzo pasina miuyo yakakomba kutozosvikira mukuru mukuru mukuru mukuru mukuru wemapurisa achiparira kuvadziko.

Muzvinoitika zvomufambiro wakakomba wokusazvibata (kwakadai sesimba rakanyanyisa rinoguma nekuvadziko kana kuti rufu, kujekeswa kwemishumo, kana kuti zviito zvoutsotsi) Hurumende dzingaraira kubviswa kwapakarepo kana kuti kubviswa. Dzimwe nyika dzinorambidzawo zvakajeka varongi avo vakabviswa nokuda kwomufambiro wakashata kumamwe masangano, kunyange zvazvo kudzikamisa ganhuriro yerambidzo yakadaro isingawi. Chiverengero chinokura chehurumende zvino chiri kugamuchira “mutarisiri wehrective" mitemo inobvisa rezinesi yehurumende yokushanda semapurisa, kuchigumisa nenzira inobudirira basa rokuchengeta mutemo.

Kukwirira Nokusarudza Zvisarudzo Zvechirango

Kunyange pashure pokunge dhipatimendi raita chirango, dziviriro dzapamutemo dzinotevera dzinogona kunonotsa kana kuti kudzosa chiito. Mitemo yakawanda ine mitemo inobvumira vakuru vakuru kukwidza kubviswa nokubviswa kupfurikidza namapuraidhi ebasa rehurumende, kudzokororwa kwedare rokudzora, kana kuti kudzorwa. Uku kukumbira kazhinji kazhinji kunobatanidza miitiro mirefu inogona kutora mwedzi kana kuti kunyange makore. Muhurumende nezvibvumirano zvesangano zvinowirirana zvakasimba, zvakadai seIllinois neNew Jersey, zvibvumirano zvebatanidzwa zvinogona kuisa ganhuriro dzakasimba nokuda kwokunzvera kana kuti kuganhurira kushandiswa kwezvichemo zvisingazivikanwi, kuchikuita kuti kuve chinetso kutsigira chirango apo kusazvibata kunoitika.

Matanho Okuti mativi ose airatidza mamiriro ezvinhu: Makhamera omumuviri uye marekodhi

Mitemo Yemamera Inorasika Mumuviri

Makhamera emuviri (BWC) akava chishandiso chakagamuchirwa navakawanda chokuwedzera kujeka ndokugovera ufakazi hwedonzo mukunzvera kusina kururama. Kusvikira muna 2025, inopfuura 40 yehurumende dzine mitemo iyo inoda mapato amapurisa kuti ashandise purogiramu dzekamera kana kuti anogadza mipimo yokushandisa kwayo. Manyika akafanana Noth Carolina anoraira kuti vakuru vakuru vose vari mukufamba vapfeke makamera, nepo vamwe, vakadai seConnecticut, vadio, vadika kuti tsoka dzichengerwe kwenguva duku (kachinonge mazuva 90 ku 1 kusvikira kugore rimwe) uye kuti dziwanwe kumamiriro ezvinhu avose akati. Zvisinei, masangano akawanda anosiyawo ganhuriro yokuti vasvikirwe kutsoka dzavose, kubatanidza kukuvandikano nokuda kwokuvandika kana kuti vapangurire kupfuurira.

Kushanda kwemakamera omutumbi kunotsamira zvikuru pamitemo inodzora kushandiswa kwawo. Mitemo inoda kuti vakuru vakuru vanyandure makamera pakupindura runhare kana kuti kubetsera kwavose inovimbisa kuti zvinoitika zvinobatwa. Apo vakuru vakuru vanokundikana kufambisa makamera, dzimwe nyika zvino dzine zvirango nokuda kwokukundikana ikoko, zvakadai sepfungwa yokuti mutungamiriri wacho angadai akatsigira kunyunyuta mupurisa. Somuenzaniso, mutemo weColorado unobvumira matare kubvumira kuti ashaye chigaro chingadai chakashata kumukuru mukuru mukuru wacho kana akakundikana kunyora.

Kuzivikanwa Nevanhu Vose Panhau Dzetsika Dzakaipa

Kuwana zvinyorwa zvamapurisa zvetsika dzisina kunaka ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzinokwikwidzana zvikurusa dzomutemo wokuona. Munhau, nyika dzakawanda dzakanga dzine “mitemo yakavanzika” yakasimba iyo yakaisa mubatanidzwa wefairasi yechirango, migumisiro yomukati, uye kunyange zviwanwa zvakatsiga zvetsika dzakashata. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, kuchinja kwachinja kwakawanda kweidzo idzi ganhuriro. yaNew York [yapamberi] yeChikamu 50-a yakabvisa muna 2020] nhoo yapamutemo yakanga yachengeta mapepa akavanzika akavanzika akavanzika, ichiita kuti ive yavose pasi poRusununguko rwoMutemo. Nenzira yakafanana, maSB 1421 akazarura mapepa echiSconian kuti ashandise nesimba, kurova vatano, uye kusatendeseka nevakuru vehurumende vehurumende kuti vaongorore.

Pasinei zvapo neiyi chinjo, nyika dzakawanda dzichiri kuchengeta mhinganidzo huru dzokuzivisa. Dzimwe dzinoda murairo wedare kuti ubudise marekodhi, nepo dzimwe dzichiganhurira kuzivisa bedzi zvitendero zvoutsotsi. National Police Miskigniting Project na masangano akafanana ne National Press Club yakasimbisa denho dzinopfuurira kuva vatori venhau navanotsigira kutarisana mukuwana mashoko makuru pamusoro pechirango chavakuru vakuru. Pasina mapepa anowanika, kwakaoma kutevera mitoo yetsika dzisina kururama kana kuti kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vazvi vazvigaro vazvizvirevorevo.

Dziviriro Dzapamutemo Nokuda Kwavarwi: Kubatana Kunokwaniriswa Neganhuriro Dzako

Kubatana Kwakakodzera Panzvimbo Yehurumende

Kudzivirirwa kwapamutemo idzidziso inodzivirira vakuru vakuru vehurumende, kubatanidza vakuru vakuru vemapurisa, pamhosva dzehurumende nokuda kwokuputswa kwemitemo kutoti mukuru mukuru akaputsa “chakarurama”. Nepo iyi dzidziso yakavakirwa mumutemo wenhau womubatanidzwa, masangano akavamba kukurukura simba rayo kupfurikidza nokupfuudza mitemo iyo ingaganhurira kushandiswa kwayo kana kuti zvimwe kubvumira vanhu kukwirira vakwikwidzwa mumutemo wenyika. Colorado neNew Mexico zvakagadza mutemo wokubvisa kudzivirirwa kwakakwaniriswa sedziviriro mumatare ehurumende. Muna 202020, Colorado’s B 20-17 [[FLT] SB]S 2017-17 zvakaita kuti zvive nyore kuvakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende nokuda kwomufambiro wakaipa uye zvaidawo kuti vazviito zvive zvinovakwazvitsaruso.

Dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seConnecticut, dzakaita kutaura kutsva kwakavakirwa pahurumende nokuda kwesimba rakanyanyisa nokuputswa kwamaruramiro avagari vemo anodzivisa kudzivirirwa kwamavara anokwaniriswa chose chose. Uku chinjo hadzichinji kudzivirirwa kwavakakwaniriswa nehurumende mumhaka dzakachengetwa muChikamu 1983, asi dzinogovera dzimwe mitoo yokuzvidavirira pasi pomutemo wehurumende. Zvisinei, ruzhinji rwehurumende haruna kupa mitemo yakadaro, kuchisiya kudzivirirwa kwakakwaniriswa semhingamuro ine simba kurutongeso rwavagari vemo mukurwisana navakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende.

Kupiwa Simba uye Kunyengerwa Kwevakuru Vakuru

Chimwe chezvishandiso zvine simba zvikurusa nokuda kwavakuru vakuru vanoranga ndechokubvisa chinyorwa chapakarepo rezenisi rehurumende rinobvumira mumwe munhu kushanda semukuru mukuru wemapurisa. Apo mukuru mukuru anorumbidzwa, vanowanzorambidzwa kushanda mumitemo munyika iyoyo. Kubvira muna 2024, nyika iri yose kunze kweCalifornia ine chimiro chakati chokusimbisa mutemo nepurogiramu inodzorwa negadziriro inodzorwa nebhodhi rehurumende kana kuti POST. Zvirongwa izvi zvinogadza mipimo yokupinda mubasa nezvikonzero zvokubvisa chitupa, kubatanidza kutenderwa kwomutemo, kubiridzira mubhadharo, uye mufambiro wakakomba.

Dzimwe nharaunda, dzakadai seFlorida neTexas, dzine gadziriro dzakasimba dzokubvisa magwaro okunyorera dzinogona kuparira kubviswa kwokuzviitikira pane dzimwe zvitendero. Dzimwe, kufanana neIllinois, dzakatarisana netsoropodzo nokuda kwenhamba yakaderera yezvumo dzinowirirana nenhamba yavakuru vakuru vanodzingwa nokuda kwomufambiro usina kururama. Nhamburiko dzokuvandudza dzamarudzi ose dzakasundira nokuda kwedanho renyika yose rekubvisa magwaro epamutemo iro ringadzivisa vakuru vakuru vakuru kuenda kune imwe nyika pashure pokuva vanosimbiswa. [[FLT: 0] Mutemo weNational Conctable Accomplificity database dataction database [[ inoumbwa muna 2022] inhano yedate youdzo ino.

Zvinetso Zvokuzvidavirira: MaUnions, Gadziriro Yakafanira, uye Mhinganidzo Dzegadziriro

Kubhadharwa Kwevanhu uye Mumiririri Wekodzero Dzevanhu

Mubatanidzwa wamapurisa unoita zvibvumirano uye unotaura kuti “Mupurisa Mabhiri ekodzero” (POBR) kazhinji kazhinji anogadzira mhinganidzo dzokuwedzera dzetsika kuchirango. Iyi mitemo, inowanwa munyika dzakadai seCalifornia, Florida, uye Illinois, inopa vakuru vakuru maruramiro akadai sokukwanisa kunonotsa kubvunzurudza kusvikira kumaawa 48, chinodikanwa chokuti kunyunyuta kwose kuitwe mukunyora, uye kurambidza panyunyuto dzisingazivikanwi. Ivo kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanoraira kuti zvinyorwa zvokuranga zviparadzwe pashure penhambo yakatarwa, kuchidzivisa nhau yokusazvibata pakuwana. Nepo vatsigiriri vadzo vanovimbisa izvi vachivimbisa kubatwa zvakanaka, vanoshora kuzvidavirira kupfurikidza nokudzivirira kupfurikidza nechirango chirango chakakodzera.

Kusakwana Pakunyora Mashoko uye Kutarisira

Kunyange apo mitemo yakasimba iripo, kuchengetwa kwemitemo hakuwirirani. Nyika zhinji hadzina nzvimbo huru yokurongera mukuru mukuru kusazvibata mumadhipatimendi ose, kuchikuita kwakaoma kuziva vakuru vakuru vane chinetso vanotama pakati pamasangano. Hurumende yehurumende inoraira kuunganidzwa kwemashoko kupfurikidza neFBI’s Crime Reporting Program, asi kutora rutivi kunoitwa namaruwa kupfurikidza nokuzvidira nokuda kwemapoka mazhinjisa, uye kushuma pamusoro pokupfura kwavakuru vakuru havasati vakwana. Pasina mashoko akarongwa, kwakaoma kuyera kana mitemo yehurumende iri kuwana miuyo yayo inodzivisa yakarondwa.

Mukuwedzera, masangano anotarisira akadai semabhodhi ehwirudzuro avanhuwo zvavo kazhinji kazhinji anoshaiwa simba repedzero yapasi pepulena nezviwanikwa zvokuita kunzvera kwokuzvimirira. Muzvinhu kufanana neHawaii, utariri hwehurumende hwakaganhurirwa nokushayikwa kwavashandi nechiremera chapamutemo kumanikidza chipupuriro. Kupfuurira kwoudzori kunonangidzira pamutemo uyo ungapa aya mabhodhi ayo simba chairoiro, kubatanidza mano okunyora zvinyorwa zvepuena uye vakuru vakuru vakuru vechirango zvakananga.

Kuchinja Kunopfuurira: Zviri Kuitwa Nenyika Iye Zvino

Kuwedzera Kutarisira Kwevanhu Vose

Mukupindura nokuda kwokuchinja, Hurumende dzakawanda dzakatsvaka kusimbisa kutarisira kuchengetwa kwomutemo. NAKOLE (National Association for Civilian Tountact of Law Inforcement) inoshanda nehurumende nenzvimbo kuronga gadziriro dzinobudirira. Dzimwe nyika, kufanana neNew York, zvino dzinoda kuti vedhipatimendi rimwe nerimwe remapurisa vave nedare rehwirudzuro rehurumende. Mabhodhi aya anogona kufeyafeya zvichemo, kurumbidza chirango, uye kuita rumbidzo dzemitemo kudhipatimendi. Zvisinei, kubudirira kwadzo dzinosiyana zvikuru.

Zvinodiwa Zvokurovedza Zvakawedzerwa

Mitemo yehurumende yakavambawo kuraira kurovedza kupindira kwenjodzi, unyanzvi hwokubvisa njodzi, uye rovedzo yerusaruro yakajeka nokuda kwavakuru vakuru vose. Washington neOregon inoda kuti vakuru vakuru vagamuchire anenge maawa 40 okurovedza kubvisa tsvina makore maviri ari ose. Uku kurovedza kunoraira kudzivirira kusazvibata kusati kwaitika kupfurikidza nokushongedzera vakuru vakuru nounyanzvi huri nani kubata nemigariro inomuka. Nepo rovedzo yoga isingabviri kupedza njodzi yomufambiro wakaipa, idikanwo kuzvidavirira kukuru.

Nyevero Yokukurumidza Nemitoo Yokupindira

Chiverengero chinokura chemitemo yehurumende inoda madhipatimendi emapurisa kuti ashandise gadziriro dzokunyevera dzapakuvamba idzo vakuru vakuru vane zvichemo zvakawanda, kushandiswa kwezvinoitika zvamasimba masimba, kana kuti zvimwe zviratidzo zvezvinetso zvinobvira. Somuenzaniso, Racial neChoumiling Act inoda kuunganidzwa kwamanyoro pakumira nokunzvera, izvo zvinoshandiswa kuzivisa mitoo yegadziriro yebumbiro remitemo ine revo. Maparedhi anokarirwa kupindira nokupa zano kana kuti chiratidzo apo mitoo inobuda, panzvimbo pokumirira chiitiko chakakomba kuti chiitwe.

Kupedzisa: Nzira Inofambira Mberi Nokuda Kwegadziriro Dzokuzvidavirira Zvehurumende

Mitemo yehurumende ndiyo mutoo mukuru wokuranga nawo kusazvibata kwamapurisa, bva inoramba isina kuwirirana mukufukidzwa kwayo nokuchengetwa. Miitiro inobudirira zvikurusa inobatanidza miitiro yakajeka yokuranga, kuoneka kupfurikidza nemakamera omuviri nezvinyorwa zvavose, miitiro yakasimba nokuda kwokunyora pamutemo, uye utariri hunozvimirira. Asi aya masangano anofanira kutsigirwa nezvido zvezvamatongerwe enyika uye mari yakakwana. Sezvo kuchinja kunopfuurira munyika yose, itiro yezvirongwa zvinofanira kuva zvokuvhara, kuvimbisa kuti mashoko anounganidzwa ndokuitwa pachena, uye kusimbisa mitumbi inotarisira varwi kuti ichengetedze kuzvidavirira. Nhevere dzinotsvaka ruramisiro, kunzwisisa kuti mitemo yehurumende inogona sei kuchinjwa. Nezvishandiso zvinobetsera zvikuru nokuda kwokuvakwa kwegadziriro yokushanda kwegadziriro yokushanda inozvidavirira uye yokuvimbwa.