Kunzwisisa Bazu Raitungamirira: Nhungamiro Inoshanda

Bazu guru rinomira serimwe ramapazu matatu ehurumende yeUnited States, richishanda pamwe chete nebazu remitemo nerokutonga kuchengeta dzikamo yakakomba yesimba yakafungidzirwa navavambi venyika. Sorutivi runooneka zvikurusa uye rune simba rwehurumende yehurumende, bazu guru rinotapura anenge rutivi rwose rwoupenyu hweAmerica, kubva kuchengeteko yenyika neukama hwedzimwe nyika kusvikira kudziviriro yemhoteredzo negadziriro yezvemari. Kana uri mudzidzi anodzidza pamusoro pehurumende, mugari wemo mutsva anotsvaka kunzwisisa hurumende yenyika yako yakagamuchirwa, kana kuti angofarira zvake kuti simba rinoshanda sei muRepublicracism, kubata zvinokosha zvebazu repamusoro rehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Kudarusarira kunzwisiswa kwemarisoi kunoitwa neAmerica.

Papfundo raro guru, bazu rinotonga rine mutoro wokushandisa, kusimbisa, uye kutungamirira mitemo inopiwa neCongress. Richitungamirirwa naPurezidhendi weUnited States, iri bazi rinoshandisa mamirioni avashandi vomuhurumende mumazana emasangano namadhipatimendi, ose anoshanda kuita mabasa ezuva nezuva ehurumende. Kubvira panguva yaunomuka ndokunzvera kufanoziva mugariro wokunze unogoverwa neNational Weather Service kusvikira kuchengeteko yaunonzwa kuti uchiziva kuti hondo inodzivirira miganhu yenyika, pesvedzero yebazu guru rinotapura upenyu hwezuva nezuva munzira dzose dziri mbiri dzakajeka nedzamano.

Fandesheni yeBumbiro reMitemo Yesimba Rine Simba Rinodzora

Bazu guru rinowana chiremera charo muChikamu II cheUnited States Constitution, icho chinogadza purezidhendi uye chinoronga masimba nemitoro yomukuru mukuru. Vadzori veBumbiro reMitemo, vachangobva kurwa hondo kuti vapukunyuke udzvinyiriri hwaMambo George III, vakanga vachiitira hanya zvikuru pamusoro pokuita mukuru mukuru akanga ane simba zvakakwana zvokudzora nenzira inobudirira asi akadzvinyirirwa zvakakwana kudzivisa udzvinyiriri. Uku kuoma pakati pesimba neganhuriro kunoramba kuri mumwoyo wechiremera chakakwirira nhasi.

Constitution inopa muganhu "Simba rokuuraya" muMutungamiriri weUnited States, uyo anobatira shoko ramakore mana uye anogona kusarudzwazve kamwe, kwaanopfuura ose emashoko maviri. Iyi muganhu wenhambo mbiri, wakagadzwa ne 22d Amendment muna 1951, yakanga iri mhinduro kuna Franklin D. Roosevelt's renguva ina. Mutungamiriri wehurumende anofanira kuva mugari wemo wezvakazvarwa, anenge makore 35 okukura, uye ave ari mugari weUnited States kwaanenge makore 14.

Kupfuura izvi zvikwaniriso zvikuru, Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa Purezidhendi masimba anoverengeka akananga: achibatira saMutungamiriri Mukuru wamauto akashongedzerwa nezvombo, achiita zvibvumirano namarudzi okumwe (netendero yeDare), achigadza vatongi vehurumende nemitezo yeCabinet (nesimbiso yeDare), achipa kukanganwira nokuvimbisazve, uye achivimbisa kuti mitemo inourawa nenzira yokutendeka. Aya anoronga masimba anoumba hwaro hwechiremera chapamusoro, kunyange zvazvo ukuru nokududzirwa kwesimba rapurezidhendi zvave zvichichinja zvikuru kupfuura mazana maviri amakore enhau yeAmerica.

Purezidhendi: Mukuru Mukuru uye Musoro Wehurumende

Purezidhendi weUnited States ane nzvimbo yechienzi muhurumende yeAmerica, achibatira panguva imwe cheteyo somusoro wehurumende, mukuru wehurumende, uye mutungamiriri mukuru wehondo. Uku kuisa mabasa kunosianisa tsika yeAmerica nehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu neparamende, uko iyi mibato inowanzokamuraniswa pakati pavanhu vakasiana - siana kana kuti mahofisi.

Somutungamiriri wehurumende, anomirira nyika yemitambo uye anobatira sechiratidzo chipenyu chehurumende yeAmerica. Apo Purezidhendi anokwazisa vakuru vakuru vokumwe, anovhenekera Muti weNational Christmas, kana kuti anotaura norudzi munguva dzenjodzi, vari kuita basa iri rokufananidzira. Somusoro wehurumende, Purezidhendi anotungamirira purogiramu yebazu rehurumende, anokarakadza mutemo kuCongress, uye anotarisira kuitwa kwepurogiramu dzehurumende.

Mitoro yezuva nezuva yaPurezidhendi inokatyamadza muukuru hwayo nezvinooma. Mangwanani mamwe namamwe anovamba neDaily Brief yaPrezidhendi, pfupiso youngwaru yakagoverwa nenzanga youngwaru inofukidza tyisidziro nezvinoitika kupota nyika. Muzuva rose, Purezidhendi angasangana nemitezo yeKabittenat kuti akurukure zvirongwa zvemiitiro, kubvunza vatungamiriri vemitemo pamusoro pemitemo iri kumira, kutaura navatungamiriri vokumwe nyika pamusoro penhau dzamarudzi ose, kusaina mirayiridzo yehurumende inotungamirira masangano ehurumende, uye kuita zvisarudzo zvisingaverengeki zvinotapura mamiriyoni oupenyu.

Simba Rapurezidhendi Neganhuriro

Purezidhendi anoshandisa simba rakati, asi simba iroro harina kutongorina kuzara. Gadziriro yenzvero nedzikamo dzinovimbisa kuti bazu guru harigoni kuita chimwe chinhu munhau dzinokosha zvikurusa. Apo Purezidhendi kana kuti anoisa mutemo, chiito ichocho chinogona kushatiswa namavhoti maviri namatatu mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri dzeDare. Apo Purezidhendi anotonga kana kuti vakuru vakuru veKebita, Dare rinofanira kugovera zano raro nebvumirano. Apo Purezidhendi anotaurirana zvibvumirano izvozvo anoda kunyoreswa kwedare.

Mirairo yavakuru vakuru inomirira chimwe chezvishandiso zvapamberi pePurezidhendi nokuda kwokushandisa muitiro pasina mvumo. Iyi mirairidzo kumasangano ehurumende inotakura simba romutemo asi inofanira kuiswa muchiremera chebumbiro remitemo kana kuti zvimwe nhume dzemitemo kubva kuCongress. Mapurezidhendi akashandisa mirairo yavakuru vakuru kubvisa hondo, kutanga mifananidzo yeruwa, kushandisa mitemo yokupinda munyika, uye hurukuro. Zvisinei, mirairo yavakuru vakuru vanogona kudenhwa mudare, kuchinjwa napurezidhendi anotevera, kana kuti kubviswa nomutemo wedare.

Basa raPurezidhendi saMutungamiriri weChikuru rinopa chiremera chikuru pamusoro pezviito zvehondo, asi kunyange simba iri rine miganhu. Apo Purezidhendi anogona kushandisa mauto uye nzira dzakananga dzehondo, Congress bedzi ine chiremera chebumbiro remitemo chokuzivisa hondo. Chisarudzo cheWar Powers of 1973 chakaedza kujekesa ichi chikamu chechiremera kupfurikidza nokuraira Purezidhendi kuzivisa Congress mukati mamaawa 48 okuita mauto akashopu kuhondo uye kuganhurira kumira kwamauto akadaro kumazuva 60 pasina mvumo.

Mutungamiriri weHurumende: Chechipiri Mumurairo

Muvici Purezidhendi weUnited States ane nzvimbo yakarondedzerwa sezvose zviri zviviri zvinokosha zvikuru uye zvinokangaidza. John Adams, Mutungamiriri wePrezidhendi wokutanga, akaidana nenzira yakakurumbira kuti "basa risingakoshi zvikurusa iro rati rambotangwa nomunhu. ” Bva Mapurezidhendi mapfumbamwe anotsigira akwira kuvupinyi nemhaka yorufu kana kuti kurega, achiita kuti hofisi ive dziviriro inokosha nokuda kwokupfuurira kwehurumende.

Mubumbiro reMitemo, Muvindi Purezidhendi ane mabasa maviri bedzi echirongwa: kutungamirira Dare nokuvhota kuputsa zvisungo apo kamuri racho rinokamuraniswa, uye kutora sachigaro kana Purezidhendi akafa, akarega basa, kana kuti akabviswa panzvimbo. 25th Amendment, yakasimbiswa muna 1967, yakajekesazve basa raPrezidhendi munhevedzano yapurezidhendi uye miitiro yakagadzwa yokuzadza mutevedzeri woupurezidhendi.

Mumuitiro wazvino uno, zvisinei, basa raMutungamiriri wePurezidhendi rakakura zvikuru kupfuura idzi nzvimbo duku dzebumbiro remitemo. Mapurezidhendi eContemporary anobatira chaizvoizvo savatungamiriri vakuru kuPrezidenti, anomirira vatarisiri mumamishoni akarongwa, anotsigira nokuda kwezvirongwa zvemitemo, uye anoita mabasa chaiwo kana kuti mapombi. Mutungamiriri wePrezidhendi anopinda misangano yeCabinet, anogamuchira mano akachenjera mamwe chetewo saPrezidhendi, uye anochengeta nzvimbo muWest Wing yeHouse, achivimbisa pedyo nepakati pesimba ravakuru vakuru.

Kabhini: Vatungamiriri vePrezidhendi naVatungamiriri veBato

Kabhini inomirira mutumbi mukuru wesangano raPurezidhendi uye unoumbwa navakuru vemadhipatimendi 15 makuru, pamwe chete navamwe vakuru vakuru vanopa nzvimbo yenzvimbo yeCabinet naPurezidhendi. Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo risingadudziri zvakajeka nezveKabhini, rinonongedzera mano aPurezidhendi kukumbira mirangariro yakanyorwa kubva ku "Mutungamiriri mukuru mumwe nomumwe weMapadhirobhuroku," uye gadziriro yeKibinete yakatanga pakuvamba munhau yeAmerica sechinodikanwa chinoshanda chokutarisira bazu revakuru.

George Washington akatanga muenzaniso wemisangano yenguva dzose yeKhabhinet, pakutanga ichibatanidza vakuru vemadhipatimendi vana bedzi: Vasarendi veHurumende, Vemari, uye Hondo, pamwe chete naAttorney Mukuru Mukuru. Sezvo nyika yakakura uye mitoro yehurumende yakakura, madhipatimendi matsva akatangwa kuti apedze zvinodikanwa zviri kubuda. Wedzero yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvikurusa, Department of Homeland Security, yakagadzwa muna 2002 mukupindura kudenha kwamagandanga.

Mitezo yeCabinet inobatira pamufaro waPurezidhendi uye inogona kudzingwa panguva ipi neipi. Inosarudzwa naPurezidhendi uye inofanira kusimbiswa neDare, muitiro unobatanidza nzvero huru dzekare, kuziviswa kwemari, uye chipupuriro pamberi pematare eDare. Pane imwe nguva yakasimbiswa, vanyori veCabitteith vanotarisira mabhirimendi makuru, vanotarisira bhajeti inokwana mazana amabhirioni amadhora, uye vanoshandisa mitemo inotapura muAmerica ari wose.

Madhipatimendi Ane Vatungamiriri

Kunzwisisa madhipatimendi aya kunoita kuti tinzwisise kuti mahofisi ebazi makuru akaita sei uye kuti aoma kunzwisisa kuoma kwakaita utongi hwemazuva ano.

Dhipatimendi reHurumende, dhipatimendi reKabhiibhii rekaresa, rinotarisira ukama hwemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa yeAmerica nomutemo wokumwe. Munyori weHurumende anobatira senhau huru dzokunze kwaPrezidhendi ndokutarisira mubatanidzwa wenyika yose wemibatanidzwa yehurumende nehurumende. Vashandi veDhipatimendi reHurumende vanotaurirana zvibvumirano, mapasipo nemagwaro, zvinogovera betsero kuvagari veAmerica vari kunze kwenyika, uye zvinobatira kufambisira mberi fariro dzeAmerica kupfurikidza nehurumende panzvimbo pehondo.

Dhipatimendi reTreasure yeProfezi yeProfezi yePromment inotarisira mari yehurumende, inounganidza mitero kupfurikidza neInternational Revenue Service, inoparira mari nemari, inodzora chikwereti chehurumende, uye inoshandisa zvirango zvemari. Munyori weTreasury anoita basa rinokosha mukuumba muitiro wemari nokuita chiito kuzvinetso zvemari, achishanda zvikuru neFederal Reserve namasangano ezvemari enyika dzakawanda.

Department of Defense inomirira sangano rehurumende gurusa kupfurikidza navashandi uye bhajeti, achitarisira mauto akashongedzwa uye achitarisira dziviriro yorudzi. Munyori weNyama, uyo anofanira kuva asiri murwi, anoraira dhipatimendi rinobatanidza Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, uye Space Force, pamwe namasangano akawanda edziviriro. Pentagon, dzimbahwe reDhipatimendi reDevice, ndirimwe rezvivako zvikuru zvehofisi yenyika nechiratidzo chesimba rehondo reAmerica.

Department of Justice inobatira sesangano rehurumende remitemo uye rokuchengetera mutemo. Richitungamirirwa neAttorney General, Department inotonga mhosva dzehurumende, inodzivirira hurumende munhau dzapamutemo, uye inotarisira masangano kubatanidza Federal Bureau of Investigation, Drug Inforcement Administration, uye Bureautaristration of Prison. Bazi rinoita basa rinokosha mukushandisa mitemo yevagari vemo, kurwisa ugandanga, uye kuchengeta mutemo.

Dhipatimendi reMumba-mo momubatanidzwa rinotarisira nyika dzehurumende, pfuma yomusikirwo, uye ukama nendudzi dzemaIndia eAmerica. Munzvimbo dzomukati munotarisira mapaki erudzi, utiziro hwemhuka, uye nyika dzavose, dzinodzikamisa kuchengeteka nokubudirira kwezviwanikwa. Bazi racho rinotarisirawo zvirongwa zvenzanga dzemaIndia eAmerica uye rinobata zviwanikwa zvesimba romumhenderekedzo yegungwa.

Department of Agriculture inotsigira varimi navatengi vemo, inovimbisa chengeteko yezvokudya, inotarisira masango enyika, uye inogovera gadziriro dzeyamuro yezvokudya. USDA inotapura zvose zviri zviviri maruwa nemaguta eAmerica, kubva kupurogiramu dzezvirimwa nedzinochengetedza kusvikira kuSpective Influgition Program (SNAP) inobetsera mamirioni avaAmerica vanowana mari shoma vanotenga zvokudya.

[ Dhipatimendi reCHENGEDZO rinotsigira kukura kwemari nokugadzirwa kwebasa, rinoita kuti vanhu vawanike, nhau dzine urongwa uye zviratidzo, uye kutarisisa mamiriro okunze kupfurikidza neNational Weather Weather Service. Dhipatimendi rezvokutengeserana rinoshanda kuwedzera kutengeserana kwamarudzi ose, kutsigira mitoo mitsva, uye kugovera mashoko anodikanwa nokunzvera nokuda kwokuita chisarudzo chemari chakakurumbira.

Dhipatimendi reBasa rinodzivirira maruramiro avashandi, rinosimudzira chengeteko yebasa, rinopa inishuwarenzi yokushaikwa kwemabasa, uye rinounganidza nhamba dzebasa. Bazi rinoisa mitemo inodzora mubhadharo wakaderera, nguva yemuraudzo, shatiro yebasa, uye chengeteko yebasa, nepo richitsigirawo kurovedzwa kwamabasa namabasa.

Dhipatimendi reUtano neMasangano aVanhu rinotarisira utano hwavanhu, nzvero yezvokurapa, uye mabasa enzanga. HHS inobatanidza Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, Food and Drug Administration, uye Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Mitoro yedhipatimendi inobvira pakutendera mirimo mitsva nemishonga yokuyamura kukuita nokushandisa zvirwere uye kushandisa zvirongwa zveinishuwa youtano nokuda kwavakweguru uye vakaderera vaAmerica.

Department of Home and Urban Development inokurukura zvinodikanwa zvedzimba, inosimudzira kusimudzirwa kwenzanga, uye inomanikidzira mitemo yedzimba yakarurama. Mapurogiramu eHUD anogovera betsero yokurenda, anotsigira musha, anorwisa kusava nedzimba, uye basa kumutsidzira nzanga dzinotambudzika.

Department of swofambisa inochengeta nokuvandudza gadziriro dzezvifambiso zvenyika, kubatanidza migwagwa, njanji, nhandare dzendege, uye zviteshi zvengarava. DOT inogadza mipimo yekotsekano nokuda kwemotokari nezvifambiso, inodzora ndege nezvitima, uye inoparadzira mari yehurumende nokuda kwezvirongwa zvezvifambiso.

Dhipatimendi reNzivisi rinodzora muitiro wesimba renyika, zvombo zvenyukireya, uye nzvero yesayenzi. DOE inoita marabhoritari enyika achinzvera physics, zvinoshandiswa sayenzi, uye unyanzvi hwesimba, nepo ichishandawo kusimudzira kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba ndokukudziridza manyuko esimba anomutsidzira.

Department of Education inosimbisa muitiro wedzidzo yehurumende, inogovera yamuro yemari yavadzidzi, uye inoshanda kuvimbisa kusvika kwakaenzana kudzidzo. Nepo muitiro wakawanda wedzidzo uchitangwa pamwero yehurumende neyomunzvimbomo, Dhipatimendi redzidzo rinopesvedzera zvikoro kupfurikidza namapurogiramu emari uye kuchengetwa kwamaruramiro avagari vemo.

Department of Veterans Affairs inogovera utano, betsero, uye mabasa kunyanzvi dzehondo nemhuri dzavo. Va inoshandisa gadziriro hurusa yezvoutano hwakabatana munyika, inodzosa muripo weremaremara nepenjeni, uye inotarisira makuva enyika.

Department of Homeland Security inodzivirira rudzi patyisidziro, miganhu yakachengeteka, inotarisira kutama, uye inopindura ngwavaira. Kusikwa kwakaitwa pashure pa 9/11, DHS yakabatanidza masangano 22 akasiana---phasiana uye inomirira imwe yekurongwazve kwehurumende kukurusa munhau yeAmerica. Bazi racho rinobatanidza Customs and Bord Protection, ImGration and Custom, Enicration Administration, The Secture Security, Service, Coart, Corgate, Coast, naFederal Emergencygency Agency Agency.

Nhungamiro Dzinozvimirira Nemasangano Ehurumende

Kunze kwemadhipatimendi eCabitte, bazi racho rinosanganisira masangano akawanda anozvimirira anoshanda nemwero yakasiyana - siyana yokuzvitonga kubva pakudzora kwapurezidhendi.Aya masangano aiwanzotangwa neDare kuti apedze nhau dzakati dzinoda unyanzvi chaihwo kana kuti kumanikidzwa nevezvematongerwe enyika.

Masangano anozviisa pasi seFederal Commissions, Secureties and Exchange Commission, uye Environmental Protection Agency anogadzira ndokuita kuti mitemo iteererwe munzvimbo dzawo dzakasiyana- siyana. Masangano aya anowanzotungamirirwa nemabhodhi kana kuti masangano nenhengo dzinoshandisa mashoko akagadzwa, achidzivisa Purezidhendi upi noupi kuti abve atsiva nokukurumidza utungamiriri hwesangano. Chivako ichi chinovavarira kusimudzira kusachinjana kwematongerwe enyika muzvisarunga zvamabhizimisi.

CENTral Intelligence Agency inounganidza ndokunzvera uchenjeri hwokumwe kutsigira kuita chisarudzo chechengeteko yenyika. Kusafanana neFBI, iyo inonangidzira ngwariro pakuchengetwa kwomutemo wemhuri uye kupesana kwemitemo, CIA inoshanda zvikurukuru mhiri kwamakungwa, kuunganidza mashoko pamusoro pehurumende dzokumwe, masangano amagandanga, uye dzimwe tyisidziro kumifariro dzeAmerica. Mutungamiriri weCIA anopfupikisa Purezidhendi zuva nezuva panhau dzouchenjeri uye anobatanidza nzanga yenjere.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration inoita nzvero dzemuchadenga, nzvero dzezvesayenzi yepasi, uye fundo dzeSayenzi. Zvirongwa zveNASA zvakatanga kubva pakumhara vanhu pamwedzi kusvika pakushanda kwemaspease paMars, kuvhura telescope dzinotarira kuchisiko chiri kure, uye kuongorora mamiriro okunze ePasi kubva kutenderera. Sangano yacho inoenzanisira kuti hurumende inogona sei kuronda nharidzano dzesayenzi dzinofambisira mberi kwezivo yavanhu uye kuzivisa zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi.

Environmental Protection Agency inodzivirira utano hwavanhu nemhoteredzo kupfurikidza nokusimbisa mirau inodzora mhepo nemvura, tsvina ine ngozi, uye njodzi yamakemikari. EPA inogadza mipimo yokushatisa, inonzvera migariro yemhoteredzo, uye inogona kuita chiito chokudzikamisa mukudzivisa vanoputsa. Basa resangano rinotapura chinhu chiri chose kubva mubudiriro yemotokari kusvikira kukotsekano yokunwa mvura.

Masangano ehurumende akadai seUnited States Postal Service neAmtrak anoshanda zvikuru kufanana namabhizimisi kupfuura masangano egamuchidzanwa, achiparira mari kupfurikidza namabasa awo paanenge achiita mabasa avose. aya masangano akavhengana anoratidza kuchinjika kwebazu guru mukutarisira zvinodikanwa zvamarudzi akasiana - siana kupfurikidza negadziriro dzesangano dzakasiana - siana.

Hofisi Yakananga yaPurezidhendi

Hofisi yeProfesi Mukuru yaPurezidhendi (EOP) ine masangano nehofisi zvinotsigira basa raPurezidhendi zvakananga. Yakasikwa muna 1939 kuti ibatsire Purezidhendi kutarisira bazu rehurumende riri kukura, EOP yashanduka kuva chinhu chine simba chinoumba muitiro, chinodzora kurukurirano, uye chinoronga mabasa ehurumende.

Hofisi yeImba yeWhite inobatanidza vatarisiri vePurezidhendi vava pedyosa navashandi, kubva kuna Mukuru weStaff anotarisira rudungwe rwaPurezidhendi uye zvokutanga kuvanyori vehurukuro, mirau, vadzori vekurukurirano. Ava vanoshanda muWest Wing neEast Wing With yeHouse. Mukuru weStaff anoshanda somuchengeti wesuo, anosarudza kuti ndiani anowana mutungamiriri wehurumende uye anobatsira kuti ashandise zvirongwa zvaProfesipara.

Office of Management and Drug inogadzirira chikarakadzo chemari yokushandisa chaPrezidhendi, kutarisirwa nendyiko yamasangano ehurumende, uye kuhwirudzura mirau inokarakadzwa. OMB inoshandisa pesvedzero huru pamusoro pomuitiro kupfurikidza nokudzora gadziriro yemari nokuvimbisa zviito izvozvo zvinowirirana nezvinokosha zvapurezidhendi. Muitiro wemari yegore negore, unovamba rinopfuura gore rimwe pamberi pokuvamba, unobatanidza kurukurirano ine udzame pakati peOMB namasangano pamusoro pemitengo yemari nemiitiro.

Dare reNational Security rinopa zano Purezidhendi pamusoro penhau dzechengeteko yenyika nemitemo yokumwe, kuronga pakati peState Department, Department, masangano akangwara, uye mamwe masangano akakodzera. Vashandi veNSC, vanotungamirira neNational Security Advisor, vanotarisira muitiro wenhau dzamarudzi ose nemhinduro yenjodzi. Mukati mhete yenjodzi, NSC's Amon Office Livement Linoshanda senzvimbo inoraira zviitiko uye kugadziridza magadzirwo ehurumende.

Conuncil of Economic Advisers inopa Purezidhendi kunzvera nezano zvemari, inobetsera kuumba muitiro wemari, kuita chimwe chinhu kuzvinetso zvemari, uye kusimudzira kukura. Chinyorwa chegore negore cheCEA cheZvoupfumi chaPrezidhendi chinogovera kurangarirwa kune udzame kwemigariro yemari nerumbidzo dzemiitiro.

Zvimwe zvinhu zveEOP zvinosanganisira Office of the United States Trade Messagement, iyo inokurukura zvibvumirano zvokutengesa; Office of Science and Technology Policy, inopa zano pamusoro penhau dzesayenzi; uye Council on Environmental Sceality, iyo inoronga mutemo wemhoteredzo. Mahofisi aya ose anovimbisa kuti Purezidhendi anogona kupedza mabasa ose ehurumende.

Kumanikidzwa Kuitwa Kunoitwa Mitemo: Kubva Pakuteerera Mutemo Kuenda Pakushandisa

Mutoro mukuru webazu rinotungamirira webumbiro remitemo ndewoku‘ngwarira kuti Mitemo ipedzwe nokutendeka. ’ Uyu murayiro unoratidzika kuva wakapfava unobatanidza muitiro wakaoma zvikuru wokushandura mirau mumabasa chaiwoiwo anotapura upenyu hwavanhu.

Apo Congress inopa mutemo, inowanzopa nhungamiro yakafara apo inogovera kumasangano anotungamirira chiremera chokutanga mitemo yakati inoshandisa muitiro iwoyo.

Gadziriro yokutungamirira inobatanidza matanho akawanda akagadzirirwa kuva nechokwadi chokuona nokunangana kwevanhu vose. Zvirongwa zvinofanira kubudisa mitemo inokarakadzwa muFederal Register, ibvumire nguva yetsinhiro dzavose, funga tsinhiro idzodzo, uye budisa mitemo yokupedzisira inotsanangura zvisarudzo zvavo. Mitemo mikuru inodzokororwa neOMB kuti ione kubatana kwemari uye kuwirirana nezvinonyanya kuitwa napurezidhendi. Iyi inogona kutora mwedzi kana makore, zvichiratidza kuoma kwemaitirwe emitemo yemazuva ano uye kukosha kwokuita mitemo zvakarurama.

Kana mirau yangovapo, masangano anoibvumira kupfurikidza nenzira dzakasiyana- siyana. Mamwe masangano anonzvera kuvimbisa kuteererwa, se apo vaoSHE vanoshanyira nzvimbo dzebasa kuti vanzvere migariro yekotsekano kana kuti vaongorori veFDA vanonzvera nzvimbo dzokugadzirira zvokudya. Mamwe masangano anonzvera kukumbira nokubvumidza, kufanana neEPA inobvumira kushatisa mvumo inobvumira kana kuti zviteshi zveredhiyo zveFCC. Apo kuputsa kunoitika, masangano anogona kuisa faindi, kubvisa marezeece, kana kuti kunongedzera kuRumbiso rweSahlulero yePurce Department yekuprits.

Mushandirapamwe: Muitiro Wokuparadza Panzvimbo

Vashandi vehurumende ava vanoshanda muhurumende munyika dzose, uyewo munyika dziri munyika yose, vachiita mabasa asingaverengeki anodiwa kuti hurumende irambe ichishanda.

Vashandi vazhinjisa vehurumende vashandi vebasa vehurumende vanobhadharwa kupfurikidza negadziriro yakavakirwa pafashoni inogadzirirwa kuvimbisa kukwanisa nokudzivisa vatsigiri vezvamatongerwe enyika. Gadziriro yebasa ravagari vemo, yakagadzwa mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19 pashure pokuurawa kwaPurezidhendi James Garfield nomutsvaki wehofisi akaodzwa mwoyo, inodzivirira vashandi vomuhurumende pakudzingwa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvezvamatongerwe enyika uye inovimbisa kupfuurira sechinjo.

Vashandi vehurumende vanobatanidza vezvesayenzi vanoitisa nzvero paNational Institutes of Health, vatarisiri vepapaki vanodzivirira pfuma yenyika, vatarisiri vendege vanosimbisa chengeteko yendege, vatarisiri vemiganhu vanochengeta muganhu, vamiriri vemiganhu vanomirira fariro dzeAmerica kunze kwenyika, uye vamwe vasingaverengeki vanoita mabasa chaiwo. ava vabatiri voruzhinji vakazvitsaurira kazhinji kazhinji vanoshanda mumigariro inodenha nokuda kwemiripo yakaderera kupfuura yavaigona kuwana vari voga, vachisundwa nemhiko kubasa kubasa ravose.

Pamusoro pesangano rimwe nerimwe, vagadziri vezvamatongerwe enyika vakasarudzwa naPurezidhendi vanogovera nhungamiro yemiitiro uye vanova nechokwadi chokuti zviito zvesangano zvinowirirana nezvinokosha zvehurumende. Uku kubatanidzwa kwoutungamiriri hwezvamatongerwe enyika nounyanzvi hwebasa kunovavarira kudzikamisa kuzvidavirira kwehurumende nekwamadhimoni neunyanzvi, kunyange zvazvo kusawirirana pakati pavashandi vezvamatongerwe enyika navebasa pane dzimwe nguva kuchimuka apo mirayiridzo inochinja negadziriro itsva.

Makemikari Nedzikamo: Kuganhurira Simba Roukuru

Vagadziri veBumbiro Remitemo vakatya simba rakanyanya uye vakagadzira gadziriro umo bazu rimwe nerimwe rehurumende raigona kunzvera dzimwe.Bazu guru, pasinei zvapo nechiremera charo chakati kuti, rinoshanda muganhuriro dzakawanda dzinodzivisa kutsoropodzwa kwapurezidhendi uye kuvimbisa kuzvidavirira.

Kutarisira kwoutungamiriri kunomirira nzvero yakananga zvikurusa pasimba ravakuru vakuru. Congress inogona kunzvera mibato yebazu ravakuru vakuru, kukumbira vakuru kupupurira, uye kuraira magwaro okukumbira. Matare eCongregation nguva dzose anonzvera kuti masangano anoshandisa sei mitemo ndokushandisa mari yakafanira. Simba rechikwama rinopa Hurumende udzori hwokupedzisira pakutsigira mari yebazu ravakuru vakuru, uye Congress anogona kuramba mari yakafanira nokuda kwezvinokosha zvapurezidhendi kana kuti kuisa migariro pakushandisa mari.

Zano reDare uye basa rokubvuma zvinopa imwe chekero inokosha. Mutungamiriri wehurumende nokuda kwenzvimbo dzeBhabhinet, zviremera zvehurumende, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzapamusoro zvinofanira kusimbiswa neDare, iro rinogona kuramba vaminene vanorangarirwa kuva vasina kukodzera kana kuti vane mirangariro inorwisana nezvinodiwa nedare. Chibvumirano chinoda vhoti yetatu mbiri dzeDare, kuchipa pesvedzero yenzvimbo pamiitiro yokumwe.

Kuhwirudzura kwechiuto [[FLT: 1] kunobvumira matare kurova zviito zvavakuru vakuru zvinoputsa Bumbiro remitemo kana kuti kupfuura chiremera chomutemo. Mapurezidhendi haagoni kufuratira zvirango zvedare, uye zvisarudzo zvokutonga zvakadzorwa zvadzorwazve nesimba romukuru mukuru wedare. Kubva mukuramba kwaPurezidhendi Truman kubvunzirwa kwezvigadziko zvesimbi mukati meHondo yeKorea kudzoro yedare rakaderera kudzosa mirairo yakasiana- siyana yapurezidhendi wehurumende, vatongi vanobatira senzvero inokosha pamukuru mukuru mukuru wehurumende.

Kupa nzvero yokupedzisira pakusazvibata kwapurezidhendi. Imba yavamiririri inogona kunyora mumwe Mutungamiriri weProfesi nokuda kwe "Chikonzero, Chiokomuhomwe, kana kuti mamwe Matsotsi makuru," uye Dare rinogona kubvisa Mutungamiriri anotevedzerwa kupfurikidza nevhoti mbiri. Nepo Mapurezidhendi matatu bedzi asingadisirwa uye pasina anobviswa kupfurikidza neiri basa, simba risati riri rokubetsera rinoyeuchidza vaProfesta kuti havasati vari pamusoro pomutemo.

Muchina we wapachena, kunyange zvazvo usati uri sangano rehurumende, unobatira senzvero yamasanga kupfurikidza nokunzvera nokushuma mibato yebazu yavakuru vakuru. Vatori venhau vanofumura mhosho, nhau dzehurumende, uye vanoita kuti vatungamiriri vazvidavirire kuruzhinji. Kudzivirirwa kworusununguko rwokubudisa nhau kunovimbisa kuti basa iri rokutarira rinogona kupfuurira kunyange apo bhaisikopo rinova rinotsoropodza kana kuti risingagamuchiriki.

Kushanduka Kwesimba Rine Simba Rapamusoro

Simba raPurezidhendi rakakura zvinoshamisa chifo chaapo kuvambwa kwenyika, kuchisundwa nehondo, zvinetso zvemari, chinjo yoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye kuoma kukura kwehurumende yazvino uno. Mapurezidhendi apakuvamba saThomas Jefferson naJames Madison vakashandisa chiremera chakaganhurirwa zvikuru, nemibato mizhinjisa yehurumende inoitwa nehurumende kana kuti isingatongoitwi.

Hondo yavagari vemo yakaratidzira nhambo yechinjo, sezvo Abraham Lincoln akataura masimba ekurumidziro asina muenzaniso okuchengetedza Union, kumisa habeas corpus, kuvhara zviteshi zvengarava zvokuMaodzanyemba, uye kubudisa Kuzivisa pasina mvumo yokunyoresa. Nepo zviito zveLincoln zvakamutsa rwisano.

Theodore Roosevelt akagamuchira murangariro mukuru wesimba rapurezidhendi, achiramba kuti Purezidhendi aigona kuita chinhu chipi nechipi chisina kurambidzwa zvakajeka neBumbiro reMitemo. Rosevelt ye "umutariri" inoruramisa utungamiriri hwapurezidhendi hunoshingaira munhau dzomumba nedzisiri dzenyika, kubva pakusavimbana kusvikira kukuchengeteka kwekurukurirano dzamarudzi ose. Chiito chaRoosevelt chakagadza muteveri wevatungamiriri veProfestia vezana ve 20 vairangarira hofisi se "chikuva chikuru chemiitiro yokufambira mberi.

Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal kuGreat Depression yakakudza zvikuru mitoro yehurumende yehurumende namasangano ebazu makuru. Hondo yeNyika II yakawedzerazve simba rapamberi muupiona, uye Hondo yaMashoko yakatanga nyika yechengeteko yechigarire yorudzi naPrezidhendi wayo pakati payo. Chigaro chazvino uno chakabuda munhambo ino sesangano resimba guru nomutoro, chinokarirwa kutungamirira upfumi hwakasununguka, uye kupedza zvinetso zvorudzi.

Makumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya akaona gakava rinopfuurira pamusoro pesimba ravakuru vakuru, zvikurukuru pamusoro pechiito chehondo, kuongorora, kuchengetwa kwevatami, uye chiremera chokudzora. Mapurezidhendi amativi ose ari maviri akamisa miganhu yechiremera chehurumende, nepo Congress nematare pane dzimwe nguva zvakadzosa. Uku kunyanduka kukuru kunoratidzira mamiriro ezvinhu eBumbiro remitemo apo zvichichinjira kudenho dzapanguva ino dzisingagoni kutongofungidzira.

Kubudirira KwaPurezidhendi Nokuomerera Kwehurumende

Kupfuurira kwoutungamiriri hwavakuru vakuru kwave kuri itiro hanya chifo chokutangwa kwenyika. Bumbiro reMitemo rakagadzirira pakuvamba kuti kana Purezidhendi akafa kana kuti akava asingakwanisi kubatira, Mutungamiriri weSanihe aizoita mabasa oupurezidhendi, asi kwakasiya asina kujeka kana Mutungamiriri wePrezidhendi akazova chaizvoizvo Purezidhendi kana kuti akashanda zvake saPrezidhendi kwechinguvana.

John Tyler akapedza uku kujeka muna 1841 apo akafungidzira kuva mutungamiriri pashure porufu rwaWilliam Henry Harrison, achiomerera kuti akanga ari Purezidhendi zvizere, kwete anoshandawo zvake Purezidhendi. Uyu muenzaniso wakaitwa kutozosvikira paPendement yechi 25 yaiumbidza muna 1967, pamwe chete nemiitiro yokuzadza nzvimbo dzapurezidhendi woupindepiti uye kutsinhana kwechinguvana simba apo Purezidhendi anenge aremara.

Presidential Fromment Act inosimbisa mutsetse wenhevedzano kupfuura Mutungamiriri wePrezidenti: Mutauri weImba, Purezidhendi Pro Tempore weDare, uye ipapo mitezo yeKabhinati mumurairo wemadhipatimendi avo akaumbwa, kutanga noMunyori weHurumende. Mukati mezvinoitika zvikuru zvakafanana neState of the Union, mutezo weKabitten" unoramba panzvimbo yakachengeteka kuvimbisa kupfuurira kana ngwavaira ikaitika.

Kurongeka kwegadziriro yehurumende kunotambanukira kupfuura nhevedzano kuva nechokwadi chokuti mabasa anokosha ehurumende anopfuurira mukati memigariro inotambudza. Gadziriro dzakarongeka dzinogovera nokuda kwokutama kwavakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru, kuchengeta murairo nokudzorwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya, uye kuchengeta hurumende yebumbiro remitemo kunyange mumigariro yakaipisisa. Nepo udzame hunoramba huri hwakavanzika, idzi gadziriro dzinoratidzira ukoshi hukuru hwokupfuurira kwebazu ravakuru kuchengeteko yenyika nokutsiga.

Bazi Rinotungamirira uye Muitiro Wokumwe

Purezidhendi anoshanda semumiririri mukuru wenyika, anomirira United States muukama nedzimwe nyika uye masangano enyika dzakawanda. Basa iri rawedzera kukosha sezvo kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose, kutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda, uye zvinetso zvakadai sokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze uye ugandanga zvakaita kuti tsika dzokune dzimwe nyika dzisawirirane nezvinhu zvomumba.

Hurumende inoshandisa chiono chemiitiro yokumwe yaPurezidhendi kupfurikidza nesangano renyika yose remibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa neyamasangano. Vamiriri veAmerica vanotaurirana zvibvumirano, vanosimudzira mipimo yeAmerica nefariro, vanogovera mabasa anowirirana kuvagari vemo vari kunze kwenyika, uye vanounganidza mashoko pamusoro pemigariro yezvamatongerwe enyika nezvemari munyika dzavo dzavanoshandira.

Simba rechibvumirano chaPurezidhendi rinoshandiswa nezano reDare nemvumo, rinobvumira United States kupinda mubvumirano dzinobatanidza bvumirano dzamarudzi ose. Zvibvumirano zvikuru zvakaumba nhau yeAmerica, kubva kuLouisiana Purchase kusvikira kuhondo kudzora zvibvumirano zvokutengesa zvibvumirano. Apo Dare rinoratidzika kuva risingabviri, Mapurezidhendi pane dzimwe nguva anoshandisa zvibvumirano zvehurumende zvinoda kuti Dare ritenderwe zvishoma uye zvinogona kuchinjwa nyore nyore naMapurezidhendi anotevera.

Simba rokuziva raPurezidhendi jenator jenarch () chiremera chokuziva nenzira yapamutemo hurumende dzokumwe) rinopa udzori hukuru hwebazu paukama hwemibatanidzwa. Zvisarudzo zvokuzivikanwa zvinogona kuva zvamatongerwe enyika zvikuru, saapo United States yakaramba kuziva Soviet Union kwamakore 16 kana kuti yakaramba kuti hurumende muTaiwan yaimirira China yose kwamakumi amakore pashure pechinjo yechiKomonisiti.

Yamuro dzokune dzimwe nyika dzinomirira chimwe chishandiso chemiitiro yebazu rokumwe.United States inogovera mabhirioni amadhora gore negore mubetsero yehondo nezvemari kune dzimwe nyika, kutsigira vatsigiri, kusimudzira kusimudzirwa kwenzvimbo, uye kufambira mberi kwefariro dzezvokugadzirwa kweAmerica. USAID, sangano guru rokuyamura rokumwe nyika, rinoshanda munyika dzakawanda papurogiramu dzinovambira pautano nedzidzo kusvikira kukusimudzirwa kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu uye njodzi.

Chengeteko Yorudzi Noungwaru

Kudzivirira chengeteko yenyika kunomirira rimwe remitoro inotambudza zvikurusa yebazu guru. Mutungamiriri wehurumende, saMutungamiriri wehondo muMukuru, anotungamirira mabasa ehondo ndokuita zvisarudzo pamusoro pokushandisa simba. Dhipatimendi reNzvimbo yeFondero rinochengeta mauto anokwanisa kubudisa simba munyika yose, anodzivisa vavengi, uye anoita chimwe chinhu kutyisidziro.

Nzanga yakangwara, ine masangano nemasangano 18, inounganidza nokuongorora mashoko pamusoro petyisidziro dzokunze. Kupfuura neFBI, nzanga iyi inobatanidza National Security Agency (inoita kuti pave noungwaru), Defense Intelligence Agency (inopa ungwaru hwehondo), uye mapoka enyanzvi dzechiuto mukati mebasa rimwe nerimwe rehondo uye madhipatimendi eNational Intelligence anoronga masangano aya uye anobatira sonyanzvi huru dzaPrezidhedhendi.

Kudzikamisa rusununguko rwevanhu kunoramba kuri kwakaoma.Masangano enjere anofanira kuunganidza mashoko pamusoro petyisidziro asi achiremekedza kodzero dzebumbiro remitemo uye kuva oga.

Kuda kuva nenzvimbo yepabonde kwakatanga sechinhu chinonetsa zvikuru chinonetsa kuchengetedza nyika, nebazi guru rinoshanda kudzivirira mibatanidzwa yehurumende, zvinhu zvinoda kugadziriswa, uye makambani emunhu oga kubva pakurwisa kwemakombiyuta.

Kutarisira Mari uye Chiremera Chokutungamirira

Kunyange zvazvo Bumbiro reMitemo richipa chiremera chikuru pamusoro pemitemo yemari kupfurikidza namasimba aro emitero, mari, uye kudzora kutengeserana, bazu guru rinoita basa rinokosha mukutarisira upfumi. Purezidhendi anokarakadza bhajeti yegore negore inoronga kuronga kupedza zvinhu zvinokosha nezvikarakadzo zvemari, kunyange zvazvo Congress ichifanira kuva nemari chaiyo. Iyi gadziriro yemari yemari inoumba zvinhu zvinokosha zvenyika uye inoratidza kukwikwidzana kwebasa rehurumende munzanga.

Dare reTreasury Department rinotarisira mari yehurumende, kuunganidza mitero kupfurikidza neIRS nokukwereta mari kupfurikidza nokubudisa zvisungo zvehurumende. Munyori weTende anoshanda neFederal Reserve (sangano rakazvimirira, kwete rutivi rwebazu rinotungamirira) kutsinhiranisa muitiro wemari nomugariro wemari, kuita chimwe chinhu kuzvinetso zvemari, uye kusimudzira dzikamo yemari.

Masangano anotarisira upfumi anotarisira zvinhu zvakawanda, kubvira pakuchengetedzwa kwemari, kuchengetedzwa kwemari, kukurukurirana uye zvokufambisa. Mitemo iyi inoda kudzivirira vatengi, kuva nechokwadi chokuti makwikwi akanaka, kusimudzira kuchengeteka, uye kutadza kugadzirisa zvinhu. Kuronga kunobatsira kukwikwidzana kwemabhizimisi kuwirirane nokuchengeteka kwevashandi, kuvandudza zvinhu zvinopesana nokudzivirira vatengi, kukura kwemari mukupesana nokuchengetedza mhoteredzo.

Purezidhendi anotaurirana nezvezvibvumirano zvezvokutengeserana, anoisa miganhu (pamiganhu yakaiswa neDare), uye anogona kuganhurira kutengeswa kwezvinhu kunotyisidzira kuchengeteka kwenyika.

Masimba Ekurumidziro Nokutarisirwa Kwenjodzi

Panguva dzekurumidziro, masimba ebazu anotungamirira anowedzera zvikuru. Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kuzivisa migariro yekurumidziro yenyika, kuronga zviremera zvemitemo zvinobvumira chiito chokuzvidzora. National Emerdiation Act inogovera gadziriro nokuda kweizvi zviziviso, kunyange zvazvo nharo dzichipfuurira pamusoro pokuti Mapurezidhendi anoshandisa zvisina kufanira masimba ekurumidziro kudzivisa miitiro yemitemo yenguva dzose.

Federal Emergency Management Agency inoronga kuita njodzi, inogovera betsero apo madutu, mwoto inopisa, mafashamo, kana kuti dzimwe njodzi dzinokurira nyika uye mano omunzvimbomo. Kubudirira kweFEMA kwakasiyana- siyana nokufamba kwenguva, nemhinduro kuHurricane Katrina inotsoropodzwa zvikuru apo mhinduro kudzimwe njodzi dzakarumbidzwa. Kutarisira kwenjodzi kunoda kushandira pamwe pakati pehurumende, hurumende, uye hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, pamwe chete nezvikamu zvehurumende uye zvibvumirano zvisingabudisi puro.

Ngwavaira dzoutano dzavose, sezvinoratidzirwa nedenda reCOVID-19, edza mano okutarisira njodzi ebazu guru. Department of Health and Human Services inotungamirira mhinduro dzoutano hwavanhu vose, kubatira pamwe neCDC, FDA, uye mamwe masangano kuronda zvirwere zvinoparadzirwa, kutanga nhomba nokurapa, uye matanho okudzivirira. Uku kuita kunofanira kudzikamisa mipimo youtano hwavanhu nezvinonetsa zvoupfumi, rusununguko rwevagari vemo, uye nheyo dzehurumende.

Bazu Rine Vatungamiriri Muzera Ramano

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwachinja mashandisiro anoita bazu guru uye kukurukurirana.Mapurezidhendi zvino anoshandisa zvinobudisa nhau kutaura zvakananga kuvagari vemo, kudarika zvinobudisa nhau zvemagamuchidzanwa.

Vagari vemo vanogona kugadzira mitero paIndaneti, kuvhura mitero yemakombiyuta, uye kushandisa mawebsite uye maapps.

Ungwaru nemashoko zvokugadzira zvinoshandiswa nenzira inowedzera mumabasa ebazu makuru, kubva pakudeya kutaura kutanga kwehosha kusvikira kukuwana kunyengera kusvikira kukugoverwa kwezviwanikwa zvinogoverwa. Unyanzvi uhwu hunopa itiro hanya huru asi hunomutsawo itiro hanya pamusoro perusaruraganda, kuva woga, uye kuzvidavirira. Kurangarira kuti maturusi eruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu anobatira mipimo yehurumende nepo zvichivandudzika kubudirira kwehurumende kunoramba kuri chinetso chinopfuurira.

Kuzvidavirira Nokuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka

Kushanda kwemashandiro anoita dhimoni kunokurudzira kuti vanhu vaonekwe uye vazvidavirire, kunyange zvazvo kusawirirana kuchiripo pakati pokusununguka uye kudiwa kwokudzivirira mashoko anokurumidza kubatwa.

Freedom of Information Act inobvumira vagari vemo kukumbira magwaro ehurumende, kusimudzira kuona zviri pachena uye kugonesa kutarisira. Nepo masangano achifanira kubudisa mashoko akakumbirwa, kurambira kudzivirira zvinhu zvinoiswa mumapoka, kuongorora mutemo, uye mamwe mapepa anoongorora. FAIA akagonesa vatori venhau nevatsvakurudzi kuwana mashoko anokosha pamusoro pemabasa ehurumende, kunyange zvazvo vatsoropodzi vachipikisa kuti masangano pane dzimwe nguva anoregeredza kurambidza kufumurwa kunonyadzisa.

Idzi mhando dzomukati dzinopa gadziriro inokosha yokuzvidavirira, kunyange zvazvo kubudirira kwadzo kuchitsamira pakuzvimirira kwadzo nokudisa utungamiriri hwesangano kuti dzigadzirise zvinetso zvadzinoziva.

Mitemo inodzora vakuru vakuru vebazu, inoda kuziviswa kwemari, kuganhurira rwisano dzefariro, uye kuganhurira basa rapashure pehurumende. Hofisi yeMitemo yeHurumende inotarisira gadziriro yetsika, kunyange zvazvo vatsigiri vakasiana uye venzvimbo yakakwirira pane dzimwe nguva vachitarisana nokutsoropodzwa kwerwisano dzinobvira pakati pemabasa avo avanhu vose nefariro dzavo dzomunhu oga.

Kumanikidzwa Kwomutemo Wehurumende Noungwaru

Kunzwisisa masangano aya kunobatsira kujekesa kudzivirira kunoita bazu rinotungamirira nyika uye kudzika mutemo wehurumende.

Federal Bureau of Investigation inobatira sesangano guru renyika rokuchengetesa mutemo rehurumende nebasa remari yomumusha. Vamiririri veFBI vanonzvera mhaka dzehurumende dzinovambira paugandanga uye kuva mutsigiri kuushati hwavanhu, kuputsa maruramiro avanhu, uye utsotsi hwakarongwa. Bureau inogoverawo mabasa ehurumende kusangano rokuchengeta mutemo munyika yose uye shoo dzemafashoni dzemabhinya nemirambo. Basa reFBI rinonzvera sezvo zvose zviri zviviri kuchengetwa kwomutemo uye sangano rouchenjeri pane dzimwe nguva rinoparira kusawirirana pakati poutsotsi hunodenha uye tyisidziro dzoungwaru pamusoro pezvipomero.

Central Intelligence Agency inonangidzira ngwariro pakuunganidzwa kwouchenjeri hwokunze nokunzvera. Kusafanana neFBI, CIA haina chiremera chokuisa mutemo uye inoshanda zvikurukuru mhiri kwamakungwa. Sangano racho rinoshandisa manyuko ouchenjeri hwavanhu, mitoo younyanzvi, uye sayenzi kupa vagadziri vemiitiro pamusoro pehurumende dzokumwe, masangano amagandanga, uye dzimwe tyisidziro. Zviito zvechiito, zvinotenderwa naPresi naPress Congress, rinobvumira CIA kupesvedzera zviitiko munyika iri kure.

Kubatanidza masangano akawanda eHomeland Security pashure pe 9/11 kuvandudza kufambidzana patyisidziro dzechengeteko. ZVINHU zvinobatanidza Customs neBord Protection (iyo inodzivirira miganhu nepokupinda), Immigration and Custommentmentmentment (inoita kuti mitemo yokupinda munyika iendese mukati), Koreji yeNtemu yeNtemustoration Administration (iyo inotakushandiswa nendege), Basa Service (inodzivirira Purezidenti uye inoongorora mhosva dzemari), Dare reCoa (inogovera nguva yekuchengeteka nokuchengetedzwa kwengarava) uye FORMA (iyo inobata njodzi). Iri basa guru rinotarisana nezvinetso zvinobatanidza mabasa adzoro nemativi ose.

Drug Ercement Administration inoita kuti mitemo yemubatanidzwa wemirimo iteererwe, ichinzvera masangano okutengesa mirimo uye ichishanda namarudzi ose kudzongonyedza kushambadza zvinodhaka. DEA inodzorawo kugadzirwa kwapamutemo nokuparadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinodzorwa, ichivimbisa kuti mishonga inorapa inowanika nokuda kwokushandisa pamutemo kwezvokurapa apo inodzivisa kudzorwa kumisika isiri pamutemo.

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firemorms ne Frossives inomanikidzira mitemo yehurumende ine chokuita nepfuti, zvinoputika, zvinoputika, uye kutengesa zvinodhakisa nefodya nefodya. ZVITF zvinonzvera kutengesa pfuti zvisiri pamutemo, zvinoitika zvokubhomba, uye zviitiko zvearson, nepo zvichidzorawo zvombo nezvinoputika mumaindasitiri.

U.S. Marshals Service, sangano renyika rezvomutemo rekaresa rehurumende, rinodzivirira matare ehurumende, vasungwa, vasungwa vanosungwa, uye vanobata gadziriro yokudzivirira. Marshal anoputsawo mirairo yedare rehurumende ndokugovera chengeteko nokuda kwokuedza kwakakwirira.

Bazi Rine Simba Namaruramiro Avagari Vemo

Bazu ravakuru rinoita basa rinokosha mukudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu nokusimbisa mitemo inorwisana nerusaruro. Chivil Rights Division yeMutongi weChivilinity Chikamu chinoongorora nokutonga kuputswa kwemitemo yekodzero dzevanhu yehurumende, kubva pakusazvibata kwemapurisa kusvika pakusasarura vanhu kusvikira kuutsotsi. Kuongororawo hurumende nemitemo yomunzvimbomo kuvimbisa kuti zvinowirirana nekodzero dzehurumende dzinodzivirira.

Aumential Opportunity Commission inoita kuti mitemo yehurumende irambidze rusaruro rwemabasa rwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano, mavambo orudzi, zera, urema, kana kuti mashoko anogarwa nhaka.

Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights inodzika mitemo inorambidza rusaruro muzvikoro nekoreji, ichinzvera zvichemo pamusoro pokubatwa kusina kuenzana kwakavakirwa padzinza, vatano, urema, kana kuti mamwe mavara akadzivirirwa. Basa reOCR rinotapura nhau dzinovambira pachirango chechikoro kusvikira kunetswa kwevatano kusvikira kukuwanikwa kwavadzidzi vane urema.

Mirairo yavakuru vakuru yakaita nhau yakaita basa rinokosha mukufambisira mberi maruramiro avagari vemo. Murayiro waPrezidhendi Truman unorerutsa mauto, murayiro waPrezidhendi Kennedy unorambidza rusaruro mumabasa ehurumende, uye murayiro waPrezidhendi Johnson anoda chiito chokubvuma kunoitwa nevavaki vehurumende vose vakashandisa chiremera chavakuru vakuru kusimudzira kuenzana apo chiito chokuronga chakanga chakaoma kana kuti chisingabviri.

Kudzivirirwa Kwezvakatipoteredza Nemanyuko Ezvinhu Zvomuzvarirwo

Bazu guru rinotarisira dziviriro yemhoteredzo nezvinochengetedzwa zvomusikirwo kupfurikidza namasangano akawanda ane mitoro inopfuudzwa. Environmental Protection Agency inogadza ndokuita kuti mipimo yokushatisa yemhepo, mvura, uye nyika ishande tsvina ine ngozi namakemikoro ane chepfu, uye inotarisira kucheneswa kwenzvimbo dzine tsvina. Basa reEPA rinotapura anodokuva muAmerica ari wose, mumhepo yatinofema kusvikira kumvura yatinonwa kusvikira kuchengeteko yezvigadzirwa.

Department of the Interior inotarisira nyika dzenyika, kubatanidza mapaki enyika, utiziro hwemhuka, uye nyika dzavose dzinoshandiswa nokuda kwenhandaro, kufudza, kuchera, uye kukura kwesimba. Munzvimbo dzomukati munofanira kudzikamisa kushandiswa kwokukwikwidzana kwenyika idzi, kubvira pakuchengetedza nokuzvivaraidza kusvikira kukubudirira kwezvemari. National Park Service inochengeta pfuma yomusikirwo neyetsika nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi, nepo Bureau of Land Management inotarisira nyika dzinoshandisa zvakawanda dzinovapo.

Zvisarudzo zveBasa reMasango reUnited States, rutivi rweDhipatimendi Rezvokurima, zvinotarisira masango nokuda kwokugadzirwa kwemiti, nhandaro, dziviriro yakacheneswa, uye nzvimbo yokugara mhuka.

Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kwakatanga kuva chinhu chikuru chemitemo yemapazi ezvakatipoteredza.

Nguva Yemberi Yebazu Rine Chiremera

Kutanga kwenyaya dzakadai sokudzora kwounyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu, kudzora mamiriro ezvinhu muchadenga, uye kugadzirira zvirwere kuchada kuti bazi rikurumidze kuchinja uye zvimwe kuti pave negadziriro itsva dzesangano.

Mibvunzo pamusoro pechiremera chapurezidhendi chokushandisa uto rehondo, kudzora upfumi, kudzivirira mhoteredzo, uye kuita chimwe chinhu nokukurumidza ichapfuurira kuparira gakava uye kurangarira.

Zvirongwa zvinochinja zvinhu zvinoda kuti hofisi yebazi rishande zvakanaka, ribudirire, uye riteerere, zvinosiyana kubva pakurongazve zvinhu, kuronga mitemo, kuvandudza basa revatengi.

Kuva pamutemo kwebazu guru kunotsamira pakuchengeta chivimbo chavanhu, icho chinoda kuonana, kuzvidavirira, uye kupindura kuzvinodikanwa nezvinoshuviwa zvavagari vemo. Sezvo chaunga chinova chakasiana zvikuru uye chinopesana, chichivimbisa kuti bazu ravakuru rinobatira vaAmerica vose nenzira yakarurama uye nenzira inobudirira rinova rinokosha nenzira inowedzera nedenho.

Kunzwisisa Ukama Hwako Nebazu Rine Chinzvimbo Chikuru

Bazu guru rinotapura upenyu hwako munzira dzisingaverengeki, kubva pakukotsekana kwezvokudya zvako nemishonga kusvikira kuchengeteko yemiganhu yako kusvikira kumugariro wemhepo yako nemvura.

Unogona kukurukurirana nebazu rinotungamirira munzira dzakawanda: kukumbira betsero dzehurumende, kukumbira mashoko kupfurikidza neFOIA, kutsinhira pamirau inokarakadzwa, kushuma kuputswa kwomutemo womubatanidzwa, kana kuti kungoramba chete uchiziviswa pamusoro pemibato yehurumende.

Kurumbidza kunomirira pesvedzero yako yakananga zvikurusa pabazu ravakuru vakuru, sokusarudza kuchasarudza kuti ndiani achatungamirira ichi chishandiso chikuru. Kunzwisisa nzvimbo dzavada kutungamirira pasimba rehurumende, mirau, nhau dzokunze, uye dzimwe nhau zvinokubetsera kuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva. Kusarudza kune miuyo, uye Purezidhendi waunobetsera kuita zvisarudzo zvine chokuita noupenyu hwako nenguva yemberi yorudzi.

Kunyange zvazvo kukurukurirana kungaita sekusingakoshi, masangano angaita seanoona manzwiro evanhu uye anoona paanenge achisarudza zvokuita. Kuronga kushambadza, kungava kupfurikidza nemapoka ezvirongwa, masangano enzanga, kana kuti masangano enzanga, kunogona kupesvedzera zvinhu zvinokosha uye zviito zvebazi rapamusoro.

Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kuvimbisana kukuru, mabasa mubazu guru anopa mikana yokubatira gadziriro yavose nechimiro. Kuvambira panzvimbo dzapanzvimbo yapamusoro kusvikira panzvimbo dzapamusoro dzeutungamiriri, basa rehurumende rinokweva vanhu vakazvipira kuita musiano. Purogiramu sePresidential Management Annes inopinza vakapedza kufunda vane mano nokuda kwamabasa ehurumende, nepo purogiramu dzechiNgezi dzinopa mikana yechienzi nokuda kwaavo vane fariro dzakati nounyanzvi.

Mupedzi: Bazu Rine Chiremera Muhurumende Yechiokomuhomwe yeAmerica

Bazu guru rinomirira rimwe ramasangano ehurumende ane simba zvikurusa neane zvimiro zvizhinjisa munyika. Kuvambira padhesiki raPurezidhendi muOval Office kusvikira kuvashandi vehurumende vanoshanda munzanga dzose munyika yose uye kupota nyika, iri bazi rinobata anenge rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwazvino uno. Rinodzivirira nyika, rinodzika mitemo, rinodzivirira upfumi, rinodzivirira mhoteredzo, rinopa mabasa kuvagari vemo, uye rinomirira fariro dzeAmerica kune imwe nyika.

Kunzwisisa bazu ravakuru vakuru kunoreva kuziva zvose zviri zviviri simba raro neganhuriro dzaro. Purezidhendi anoraira zviwanikwa zvakawanda nechiremera asi anoshanda mukati megadziriro yebumbiro remitemo yakagadzirirwa kudzivisa udzvinyiriri kupfurikidza nechenjero nedzikamo. Masangano eFederal anoshandisa simba guru asi anofanira kutevera miitiro inovimbisa kuona zvakanaka nerevo yavose. Bazu rechiremera rinogona kuita chiito nokukurumidza uye nenzira yakasimba asi rinoramba richizvidavirira kuDare, matare, uye pakupedzisira vanhu.

Mhindumupindu yebazu guru inoratidzira kukura kweAmerica kubva paripabhuriki duku yourimi kusvikira kunyika hurusa inotarisana nedenho dzakaoma dzapanyika yose dza 21 nepakati. Sezvo fambiro mberi dzoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, tyisidziro dzinochinja, uye chinjo dzenzanga, bazu guru rinofanira kuwirirana nepo richiramba riri rechokwadi kunheyo dzebumbiro remitemo neredhimoni. Uku kusagadzikana kuripo pakati pekupfuurira nokuchinja, pakati pesimba nokuzvidzora, kunorondedzera basa rebazu revakuru muAmerica.

Kuda vagari vemo vanotsvaka kunzwisisa hurumende yavo, bazi guru rinopa hwindo mukushanda kwesimba mugadziriro yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Bazu guru richapfuurira kushanduka, kutarisana nedenho itsva uye kuchinjira kumigariro inochinja. Chinjo yemamiriro okunze, kudzongonyedzwa kworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, makwikwi enyika yose, uye mapoka edzimba zvichaedza mano ebazu guru neuchenjeri hwavatungamiriri varo. Iri bazi rinoita zvakanaka sei kuidzi denho richaumba nguva yemberi yeAmerica noupenyu hweavo vose vanodana nyika ino kuti musha.

Kana uri mudzidzi, mugari wemo mutsva, kana kuti munhuwo zvake anofarira mashandire anoita hurumende, kunzwisisa bazu guru kunokosha kunzwisiswa kweAmerica. Iyi zivo inokugonesa kupinda nokufunga zvikuru nekurukurirano dzezvamatongerwe enyika, kuyera vadaviri uye mitemo zvakakasharara zvikuru, uye kutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira zvikuru mumuitiro wedemocracy. Muhurumende ya, kupfurikidza, uye kuvanhu, vagari vemo vanoziviswa vanoramba vari nzvero hurusa pasimba nenheyo youkuru hwedemokrati.

Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro pebazu rinodzora uye nzira yarinoshanda nayo, shanyira website yeVhite House yapamutemo, kunzvera mawebsite esangano rimwe nerimwe, kana kuti kubvunza zviwanikwa zvamasangano akadai se USA. gov partol[ inopa mashoko akazara pamusoro pemibato yehurumende yehurumende nemabasa. Masangano edzidzo, kufunga makambani, uye masangano ehurumende anopawo zvishandiso zvinokosha nokuda kweavo vanotsvaka kukudza kunzwisisa kwavo hurumende yeAmerica nebazi rehurumende mukati mairi.