Good Friver Agreement, yakasainwa pana 10 April 1998, yakashandura nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika yeNorthern Ireland ndokugumisa makore makumi matatu erwisano yamasimba masimba inozivikanwa seNharo. Nepo chibvumirano chinowanzochengetwa sorukundo rwekurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika neyananiso youswa, chinhu chinooneka zvishoma asi chinokosha zvakafanana chinotsigira kubudirira kwacho igadziriro yakasimba yomutemo wamarudzi ose. Kubva pachimiro chayo sechibvumirano chakanyorerwa neUnited Nations kusvikira kubatanidzwa kwayo neEuropean Union yepamutemo neEuropean Convention on Human Rights, mutemo wamarudzi ose wakagovera, kuzvidavirira, uye kutsigarirana kwenguva refu kuri madikanwa kutsigira rugare. Nyaya ino ino inonzvera nzira dzakawanda dzinotsigira nadzo mitemo yamarudzi ose mumitemo yamarudzi ose muidzo muChishanu uye masangano anopfuurira kubatana kwaro kwaro.

Nhoroondo: Kubva Pakukakavadzana Kusvika Pakutaurwa

Kunzwisisa basa romutemo wamarudzi ose, kunokosha kunzwisisa ukuru hwekupesana uko Gwende reChibvumirano cheGood Chishanu rakatsvaka kupedza. Zvinetso, zvakaputika mukupera kwama 1960, vabatanidzwa (zvikurukuru vaPurotesitendi uye vakazvipira kuramba vari rutivi rweUnited Kingdom) mukurwisana namarudzi (vaKaturike vazhinjisa uye vachitsvaka Ireland yakabatana). Masimba masimba akauraya upenyu hunopfuura 3 500 ndokusiya mavanga akadzika midziyeye yenzanga. Panosvika makore a1990, mubatanidzwa wokuneta kwezvamatongerwe enyika, dzvinyiriro dzemari, uye nhamburiko dzemibatanidzwa yemarudzi ose akaparira windo nokuda kworugare. United States, United Union Union, uye Republic yeIreland yose yakaita mabasa makuru. Mutemo wenyika yose hauna kuita kuti pave norugare kubva pakusvoka, asi wakagovera kuti kubvumira kubatana kuvapo kwechibvumirano kupfuurira, uye kuremekedzwa nemapoka ose.

Chibvumirano Chakanaka CheChishanu Sebvumirano Chemarudzi Ose

Mutemo Wenyika Yose Wairambidza Kuchengeta Mutemo

Chimwe chemipiro ine simba zvikurusa yomutemo wamarudzi ose chakanga chiri chisarudzo chokuumba Chibvumirano chaGood Weshanu sechibvumirano chamarudzi ose pakati penyika mbiri dzinotonga: United Kingdom neIreland. Ichi chisarudzo hachina kuita tsaona. Kupfurikidza nokubatanidza chibvumirano mukati meMutemo weTreader, sechinosimbiswa muVienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), masangano akava nechokwadi chokuti chibvumirano chacho hachingagoni kutongoregwa chose chose chose chose. Chibvumirano chacho chakaiswa chose chose chose chose neUnited Nations uye chakanyoreswa pasi peChikamu 102 cheChikamu cheUN, kuchipa chimiro chakakwirira chemitemo yomumba kuti mutemo wogaro woga woga haugoni kugovera. Ichi chiito chokunyoresa munzvimbo yemisero yemisero yamarudzi ose, pasi pemitengo yamarudzi ose ([FT.0][5]]

Kuzvipira Kwakawanda Kwakasiyana - siyana

Hurumende dzeBritain neIreland padzakanga dziri masangano makuru ehurumende, chibvumirano chaibatanidzawo kutendera kwakabva kumasangano makuru ezvamatongerwe enyika muNorthern Ireland. Ichi chibvumirano chaisanganiswa nenziyo nepakati penyika, chikamu chemitemo yehurumende yenyika yose (chinobvumirwa kuti hurumende dzizvidane nepo dzichiitawo musengwa wetsika nezvamatongerwe enyika nokuda kwevatambi vomunzvimbomo. Chibvumirano chacho chakabatanidza zvakajeka nheyo yemitemo yemuNorthern Ireland: Magariro emitemo eIrland angachinja bedzi nokubvumira kwavanhu vayo, dziviriro munheyo yapamutemo yamarudzi ose yezvitonga. Iyi yakapa vabatanidzwa chivimbo chokuti havasati vaizomanikidzirwa kupinda muIreland yakabatana, nepo verudzi vakachengetwa nomutemo unovimbiswa kutsigira gadziriro yokubatanidza kana voruzhinji vachifanira kubvumirana.

Mubatanidzwa Wezvepamutemo Nezvemari weEuropean

Kubatana Kwenhengo dzeEU Neboka Romuchinjikwa

Panguva yeGood Wearth Account, United Kingdom neIreland vose vakanga vari mitezo yeEuropean Union. Iyi mitezo yakagoverana yakaumba mhoteredzo yapamutemo iyo yakatsigira masangano echibvumirano matsva zvikurusa. Dare rokuchamhembe-South-South neBritishish Irish Council, iro rinopfavisa batira pamwe mumativi akawanda emitemo, rakarongedzerwa kushanda mukati memitemo yomutemo weEurope. Kutengesa kwemitengo yemitengo yemitengo yetsika yeEurope, mutemo wezveutano, uye kunyange mabasa outano zvose zvakabetserwa nemitemo yemitemo yeSinglic Market. mutemo weEU wakagoverawo mugariro usina kubatana kwaigona kubatira pasina kurangarira zvimwe kuti chiziviso chenyika yose chakanga chiri chakaropafadzwa.

Gadziriro Dzorugare Nemari Yokuvaka

Mutemo wenyika yose woga haugoni kuvaka rugare; unofanira kutsigirwa nezviwanikwa. EU yakabvuma Chibvumirano cheGood Chishanu kupfurikidza nokutanga gadziriro dzerugare `idzo dzorudungwe rwehova dzinotsigira mari dzakatsaurirwa zvakajeka kugadziriro yorugare. Mari idzi, dzinodzorwa nemiraudzo yeEU uye tarisiro yokuongorora, dzakaita kuti mabhiriyoni emaeuro ave muyananiso munzanga, kubudirira kwezvemari, uye kuronga kwemibatanidzwa yezvemasangano eEU yakavimbisa kuti mari yacho yaparadzirwa zvakajeka uye haigoni kudzorwa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvesekete. Iyi tsigiro yemari yakapa mibayiro inoshanda munzanga dzavo, ichisimbisa kuzvipira kubatira pamwero une rugare.

Bretit Nokuchinja Kunopfuurira Kwomutemo Wamarudzi Ose

United Kingdom yakaedza kuvakwa kwepamutemo kweChibvumirano cheGood Wearth Adventives nenzira idzo vagadziri vayo vaisagona kukarira. Mutemo paIreland/Northern Ireland, rutivi rweUK-Eafreat Accoralition, wakarongedzerwa kudzivisa muganhu wakaoma pachitsuwa cheIreland nepo zvichidzivirira kuperera kweEU Shubet Market yepamutemo. Iyi mitemo inotsamira zvikuru pamutemo wamarudzi ose, kubatanidza kupesana kwemiitiro pasi pedare redare reEurope reRugare rwamatongo nenzvimbo dzinorongedzerwa. Kunyange zvazvo mutemo wacho wakaparira gakavarariro yezvamatongerwe enyika, unoratidza kuti mirangariro yamarudzi ose ichiri ichiri inoshanda zvakanaka zvikurusa nokuda kwokutarisira ukama hweChishanu. UK neEUS yakabatanidzazve kuzvipira kwavo kuBelst Beast Beastsment (Chishanu) muChiredhiyo, chitsauko chayo chapamutemo chinopfuurira.

Mutemo Wekodzero Dzevanhu Nebasa Rezvibvumirano

Kubatanidzwa kweEuropean Convention on Human Rights

Imwe yemipiro yakapararira zvikurusa yomutemo wamarudzi ose kugadziriro yorugare yakanga iri chisarudzo chokuisa Dare reEurope rekodzero dzavanhu mumutemo wemo. Chibvumirano chaGood Wearth Agreement chaida kuti United Kingdom ibatanidze ECHR muIrish yokuNorthern, nhano yaipfuura pasara peUK panguva yacho. Yakaitwa neInternational Rights Act yeHuman Rights, iyo yakaita kuti Convention ive inomanikidzirwa zvakananga mumatare edzimba. Nokuda kwenzanga yakakuvadzwa nechisimba chehurumende uye kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwemauto, musero iyi yakatumira chiratidzo chine simba chokuti kodzero dzinokosha dzaizodzivirirwa pasinei nokuchengeteka mune zvematongerwe enyika. CHBHBH yakagovera mutauro wavose waigona kuvhara maruramiro omunzvimbomo, kuisa ngwariro paruremekedzo, runako, runako, uye kuenzeka kwomutemo pamberi pomutemo.

Commission Yamaruramiro Avanhu yokuchamhembe kweIreland

Chichivakira pakodzero dzevanhu munyika yose, chibvumirano chacho chakagadza Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission sedare rinozvimiririra. Chinoumbawo masangano akafanana mune dzimwe nzanga dzakazobvumirwa pashure pekunge padare, Komishoni inorayirwa kurayira kuti ipedzise nyaya dzekodzero dzevanhu, inoita kuti vabvume, uye iende kudare. Basa rayo rinotungamirirwa kwete nedare reCHERS asiwo nekodzero dzevanhu dzemarudzi ose, kusanganisira International Pangano yePangano paCivile and Political Rights ne International Convention on Economic, Social and Culture Rights Rights. Dare rakaita basa rinokosha mukuvimbisa kuti zvibvumirano zvekodzero dzevanhu hazvisizvo chete zvinotarisirwa asi zvinoshanda.

Bhirogiramu Yamaruramiro OkuNorthern Ireland

Good Adventivement yeChishanu yakaisawo tarisiro Bill of Rights yeNorthern Ireland iyo yaizopfuura dziviriro dzeECHR, ichiratidzira zvinodikanwa chaizvo zvenzanga yakakamukana. Kunyange zvazvo ikoku kusati kwaitwa, kurukurirano yacho imene yakabetsera kuchengeta mipimo yekodzero dzavanhu yamarudzi ose pamusi wehurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Pfungwa imene yekodzero dzinotorwa pamuitiro wamarudzi ose wokuenzanisa, kunyora zvidzidzo kubva mumiitiro yorugare muSouth Africa, Bosnia, uye kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Kunyange mukushayikwa kwechibvumirano chayo chapedzwa, musengwa wayo unoramba uri chipikirwa chinosungirirwa pasi pebvumirano yezvamatongerwe enyika, kuratidzira kuti mutemo wamarudzi ose unopfuurira sei kuumba purogiramu yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kukanda Zvombo Pasi, Kutarisira, uye Kushandisa Michina

Dare Renyika Dzakawanda Rinozvimirira Pamusoro Pokurambidzwa

Hapana gadziriro yorugare inogona kubudirira pasina kupedza nhau yezvombo. Good Friver Agreement yakatanga Independent International Commission on Decomissing (ICD), yakaiswa nemutungamiriri mukuru weCanada akarega basa uye kubatanidza mitezo yamarudzi ose. IICD yakashanda mumitemo yaishandiswa pamutemo wenyika yose wokukanda zvombo uye mipimo yezvombo zvaishandiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzerwisano. Basa rayo rakanga riri rokuzvidira nerokuzvidira, asi mashoko epamutemo enyika yose akaita kuti rive rakavimbika. Apo Irish Republican Army (IRA) yakaisa zvombo zvayo musero kupfuura kushandiswa muna 2005, uzivi hweCYCD's shoodism yakagamuchirwa seyazviito zvakazvizvigaro uye zvakavimbika. Masangano emauto akavimbika akateverwawo, neboka reICICCCCS anotarisira kudzosa kudzosa matura matura ezvo.

Kutarisira Nesangano Rechengeteko Nokushandira Pamwe muEurope

Rugwaro rwapakuvamba rweGood Wear Agreement inodudza Sangano reNzvimbo yeNzvimbo yeChirimo neCooperation muEurope (OSCE) seboka ringatarisirwa. Nepo OSCE isina kurongwa zvakananga munzira yayakanga yave iri muBosnia kana kuti Kosovo, gadziriro yayo yechengeteko yebatira pamwe nerwisano yakapesvedzera chibvumirano. Mutungamiriri weOSCE' paNational Minoral Assembly anowanzodudzawo Good Active semuenzaniso wokudzora kusawirirana kwedzinza nerudzi, uye nheyo dzayo dzetsika dzayo dzapakuvamba nedzerwisano dzechisaririra chenyika yeNorthern Ireland dzinoramba dziripo. Chibvumirano chacho chakaziviswawo nemipimo yeSangano yamarudzi ose, kubatanidza kudzorodzodzo-dzo-dzo-dzokororwa kwehondo nemasimba ehondo ekurumidziro.

Basa Rokuongorora Roga

Kukurukura pamusoro pebasa rehondo rinopfuurira, hurumende dzeBritain neIreland dzakatanga Implowent Monitoring Commission (IMC) muna 2003. IMC yakaumbwa navakagadzwa vanobva UK, Ireland, United States, neCanada, ichiipa kuva mukurumbira wamarudzi ose. Kushanda mumitemo yakanyoreswa sebvumirano yamarudzi ose, IMC yakabudisa mishumo yenguva dzose pamusoro pekurega kupisa kwehondo, zvirango, uye mubato woutsotsi. Zvayakawana, nepo pane dzimwe nguva zvaipa nharo, zvakagovera kurangarira kwechokwadi kwokuti vatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika vaigona kushandisa kuvaka kuvimba kana kuti kururamisa. Basa reIMC rinoratidzira sei kuti gadziriro dzapamutemo dzamarudzi ose nesangano dzinogona kugovera kuzvidavirira muchinjika muhondo yehondo.

Nheyo Dzemitemo Dzenyika Yose Nemubvunzo Webumbiro Remitemo

Kuzviziva Nokubvuma

Good Friver Account inowanzodudzwa somuenzaniso webhuku wenzira iyo nheyo yapamutemo yamarudzi ose yokuzvibatanidza inogona kugadzirirwa nayo kurwisano yamarudzi yakaoma. Panzvimbo pokuomerera pafodhi yeforeyi yeforeyi imwe, chibvumirano chakatanga urongwa huviri: Northern Ireland inoramba iri rutivi rweUK chero bedzi vazhinji vachida, asi inozivawo donzo repamutemo revo revo renyika dzose reIrland. Nheyo yokubvumirana neyapashure ya1998 uye pakupedzisira yakabatanidza muNorst Ireland Act 1998 (1998) inova pfundo rakagadzwa romutemo wamarudzi ose pamusoro peIreland. Hurumende dzeBritain neIreland dzakasimbisawo iri nheyo musvuchatanharo nere, kureva kuti kuidzo ipi neipi ichaputsa kuzvipira kwamarudzi ose.

Chibvumirano CheBritain Nemamiriro Ezvibvumirano

Parutivi pechibvumirano chezvikamu zvizhinji, hurumende dzeBritain neIreland dzakasaina chibvumirano chakasiyana, British-Irish Agreement, iyo yakatanga kushanda pana 2 December 1999. Chibvumirano ichi chakanyoreswa neSangano Romubatanidzwa weNyika Dzapasi Pose uye chinosungirwa zviri pamutemo pasi pomutemo wemarudzi ose. Chinoumba masangano eGood Wepreter WearPreAunt(kubatanidza Dare roushumiri reNorth-South neIrish Conference yeBritish neConference yeBritish netule yeBrble yeBrbut yeBr essureat. Chibvumirano chacho chinobatanidzawo kukurukurirana kwegadziro, kunoda kuti vatsvakidzwe nokukurukurirana kana kuti vasarutsive. Chirongwa ichi chepamutemo chakabvumikisa kuva chipenyu, chichiripo chehurumende mudzimba dzehurumende dzose mbiri dzeBrenjitik.

Tapuro Parugare Nokutsiga: Nzvero Dzapamutemo

Kuzvidavirira uye Kuvakwa Kwechivimbo

Mutemo wenyika yose wakaita zvinopfuura kungosimbisa bedzi Gungano reGood Wearth; wakaumba gadziriro yokuzvidavirira iyo yakabetsera kuvaka chivimbo pakati pamapoka akanga achiurayana. Apo hurumende kana kuti boka rehondo rakasaina kubvumirano yacho, vaiziva kuti misengwa yavo yakanga isiri isina mhinduro asi yaimanikidzirwa kupfurikidza nemubatanidzwa wematare ehurumende, matare enyika dzakawanda, uye masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika. Ikoku kwapamutemo kwakaderedza kurudziro dzokuvandika uye kupa ruvimbiko kumativi ose ari maviri kuti ipfuurire kutsigira muitiro worugare, kunyange apo masimba masimba masimba aikwira. Idi yokuti chibvumirano chacho hachingagoni kutongogona kuva chakabviswa kamwe kamwe chete. Sezvicho matare enyika yose, uye masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika avanhu avapotengi vaidiwa kuvakazve.

Gadziriro Yakapesana Pasina Chisimba

Chifo cha1998, gakava pamusoro pemapurisa, kudzorwa kwemajere, uye mireza zvakatyisidzira panhambo nenhambo kukanganisa rugare. Muzvinoitika zvizhinji, idzi nharo dzakapedzwa kupfurikidza namasangano emitemo nezvamatongerwe enyika akatangwa nebvumirano, panzvimbo pokudzokera kumasimba masimba. Patten Commission yeNorthern Ireland nemapoka akasiana---- siyana anotarisira nyika akagovera nokuda kwekurukurirano neadzoro. Apo mapoka akasvika pakusawirirana . Yakafanana nokuderera kwechirongwa chamapurisa nemitemo yeruramisiro zvakagoverwa nounyanzvi. Patten Commission on policism, somuenzaniso, yakakweverwa zvikuru pamipimo yamarudzi ose yavanhu kuti igadziridze basa rePuturopurisa reNorthern Ireland. Mugumisiro wacho imapurisa anofarikanya mwero mukurusano ruvimbiko rwavanhu kupfuura zvayo mukurumbira chavose, nemhaka yezvirongwa zvaronze zvapamutemo zvaronge zvamaganongerwe nemapoka apamutemo.

Kudzivisa Kudzokera Kurwisano Yakapararira

Nepo rugare rwave rusina kukwana , nedenho dzaparuwa dzinopesana nenhambo nemasimba masimba epanhambo nenhambo akavimbika — Good Friver Agreement yakabudirira mukudzivisa kudzokera kurwisano yakapararira yeNhamo. Mutemo wamarudzi ose wave uri chinhu chikuru muiyi budiriro. Kudzorwa kwemipimo yekodzero dzavanhu, kuumbwa kwemirayiro inozvimirira, uye kubatanidzwa kweNorthern Ireland mumiitiro yapamutemo yapanhambo nenhambo nenhambo yeEURGB zvakakuita kuti kuve kunodhura zvikuru uye kwakaomera mutambi upi noupi kutanga masimba masimba makuru. Vatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika vanoziva kuti kuedza kupi nokupi kushandura bvumirano kwaizotarisana kwete bedzi nechishoro chenyika yose asi miuyo yamarudzi ose. Uku kuganhurirwa, nepo kuoma kurangarira, ndiko kumwe kwokugovera kukurusanokosha zvikurusa kwomutemo kusimba kwomutemo wamarudzi ose kuIreland.

Matambudziko Nenhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi

Nhaka Yezvakaitika Kare uye Chibvumirano Chedzimba Dzedutu

Imwe yenhau dzisina kugadziriswa pasi peChibvumirano cheGood Weshanu iidzoi kubata nenhaka yeNhamo dzeMatambudziko (8) Apictons murufu, posts, uye kugadziriswa kwezvokwadi. Storntont House Aunt Aunt ya2014 yakaedza kugadzira gadziriro itsva yapamutemo nokuda kwaikoku, asi kugadzirwa kwadzo kwakadzorwa. Mutemo waMarudzi ose unopa nhungamiro pamusoro pezviito zvekare zvenjodzi: Dare reEurope rekodzero dzechiRungu reHumendi rakabudisa kutonga misengwa yeUK's Centrent, uye Northern Ireland Human Rights Rights Commis Commis yasunda kuwirirana nemipimo yamarudzi ose. Muitiro wenhaka wakakwana unoita zvinodikanwa zvapamutemo hausati uchingokudza bedzi vanyajambwa asi unosimbisawo kugadziridzo yose yorugare kupfurikidza nokupfiga ganhuro rinorwadza neruramisiro.

Brexit uye Nguva Yemberi yeMuchinjikwa

Ukama hwepashure peBr exit pakati peUK neEU huchapfuurira kuedza nheyo dzemitemo yeChishanu cheMadokero makuru. Windsor Framewor, yakabvumirana muna 2023, inomirira rumwe rutivi rwomutemo webvumirano yamarudzi ose wakagadzirirwa kudzivirira zviitwa zvikuru zvebvumirano. Sezvo kushambadza nokudzorwa kwemiganhu yegadziro yegadziro yeAsgateact yeIntelliginement ichanzi kudzikamisa kuwirirana. Kuzvipira kunopfuuridzirwa kwezvose zviri zviviri UK neIreland kuChibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu sechibvumirano chakanaka pasi pomutemo wamarudzi ose kunopa pasi pechisakiso chisakisa hurumende ipi neipi yomunguva yemberi kuti isangorasa gadziriro dzayo. Nokuda kwavanogarira pamutemo, Northern Ireland inoramba iri imwe yenyika dzakawanda munyika yose, uye kuzvipira kwamarudzi ose kubva kuEurope, U.

mhedziso

Good Founder Augness inomira seimwe yenzvimbo dzinogara rugare dzinobudirira zvikurusa mukupera kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, uye mutemo wamarudzi ose wakaumbwa kuva chibvumirano chayo chaicho. Kuvambira panzvimbo yawo sechibvumirano chakanyoreswa kusvikira pakuumbwa kweEurope Convention on Human Rights, kubva kugadziriro itsva dzekuyanana dzakaitwa muEU kusvikira kugadziriro dzokuzvimirira dzokukanda zvombo zvoga uye kuronga, gadziriro dzemitemo dzamarudzi ose dzakagovera kuva dzapamutemo, kuzvidavirira, uye kutaurirana kwemiganhuro yemhuri kuti chibvumirano chemhuri chaisazotongogona kutongotongogona kutongova chambopa. Rugare muNorthern Ireland runoramba rwuri rusina kuderera munzvimbo, uye zvinetso zvitsva zvinowirirana nokuzvidzorwa kwezvikwereti zvamapfumidzi zvapa. Chibvumirano chapamutemo chinoenderera mberi chinoenderera mberi kubuda. Asi chirongwa chapamutemo munzvimbo yokupedzisira muna 1998 chakabvumikisa kuva chakasimba zvikuru, nemhaka yokuti hachigaro yakaitwa pahurumende imwe kana kuti chibvumirano. Chibvumirano chinoitwawo chinoitwa muruwa hachitsva chezvamatongerwedzo chenyika chenyika yose hachipfumite. Chishati chinoitwawo chi

Nokuda kwokuravazve, ona [ Rugwaro rweBelfast (Chishanu Chakanaka) Chibvumirano, , yeUrobhan Convention on Human Rights [, uye [[FLT] Convention] Vienna paMutemo weTreats . Basa re .Mumiririri Mukuru weNational Yematuti [ anogovera nzwisiso yakaenzana nayo mukurwisana, nepo [FLT:] U purogiramu yeRumbiko] U.U pamutemo inoratidzira sei kugadziridzadza kushambadza kusiri kwepamutemo munyika.