Basa Rinokosha Rokutsigira Mumari Mukuita Kuti Dzidzo Ive Yenhando

Mari inopfuudzwa navose inoumba musimboti wemari wegadziriro dzezvikoro muUnited States yose, ichipesvedzera zvakananga chinhu chiri chose kubva pamuripo womudzidzisi nemigove yekirasi kusvikira kumugariro wezvivako zvechikoro neupamhi hwepurogiramu dzepashure pechikoro. Masipoka ayo mari iyi inosimudzirwa, inogoverwa, uye inopedzwa inoparira misiano mikuru mumikana yedzidzo inowanika kupfurikidza nokurarama kwavadzidzi. Kunzwisisa magadzirirwo edzidzo netapuro dzayo dzemari nerevo pamavara edzidzo kunokosha nokuda kwavabereki, vadzidzi, uye mitezo yenzanga vanoda kutsigira zvikoro zvinoenzana. Apo mari inokwana uye inogoverwa zvakakwana, zvikoro zvinogona kukwezva vadzidzi vane unyanzvi, kuchengeta nzvimbo dzazvinovapo zvikuru. Apo kusingaringaniswi kana kuti inoparadzirwa zvisina kufanira, vadzidzi vari mumaruwa mumigumisiro yavo mikuru inogona kutapura upenyu.

Kubatana kwemari nebudiriro yavadzidzi hakungoviwo zvako kwefungidziro. Kuwedzera kwokunzvera kunoratidza kuti mari inoshandiswa pagore rimwe nerimwe, zvikurukuru kumaruwa anowanwa zvakaderera, zvinotungamirira kumwero wakakwirira wokupedza kufunda, mitauro yakakwirira, uye mari yakawedzerwa. Bva nyika zhinji dzinopfuurira kutsamira pamasangano emari anosimudzira kusaenzana, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kubatira mari yechikoro mitero yenzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo. Nyaya ino inonzvera kuti mari inotambirwa vanhu vose inopesvedzera sei rudzi rwedzidzo, kusawirirana kunovapo kubva kumitengo yemari yazvino uno unopa mari, uye zvinogona kuitwa kuti zviite gadziriro dzinotengwa zviripo.

Nzira Iyo Kutsigira Ndyiko Kwavose Kunotsunga Nayo Kuiswa Munzvimbo Yako

Kunzwisisa kupiwa kwedzidzo yavose kunoda kutarira pamipiro mitatu mikuru: yehurumende, yehurumende, uye yomunzvimbomo. Paavhareji, mari yehurumende yemari yendyiko yedzidzo yose, inonangidzirwa zvikurukuru papurogiramu dzakati dzakadai seTitt 1 (pavadzidzi vakaderera) nedzidzo chaiyo. Hurumende dzinopa mari inenge 45-50%, nepo 40-45% yasara ichibva kumanyuko dzomunzvimbomo, mitero yezvinhu. Uku kutsamira pakubhadhara mitero yenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo ndicho chisakiso chikuru chemari inodzorwa.

Kutsigira Mari

Madhora anogoverwa kupfurikidza nomuitiro unopa donzo rokuenzanisa nzvimbo yokutamba nokuda kwavadzidzi vanoshaiwa. Programs dzakadai seTitle I of the All Students Reducations Act dzinogovera mari yokuwedzera kuzvikoro zvine mifungo mikuru yourombo. Avereverse on Dictured Education Act (IDEA) inogoverawo tsigiro yehurumende nokuda kwamabasa edzidzo chaiwo. Zvisinei, mari yehurumende haisati yatongofukidza zvizere ndyiko dzeidzidzo, kusiya nyika namaruwa kuti zvizadze miganhuro.

Hurumende Inotsigira Kushandisa Mafomu

Nyika imwe neimwe inoshandisa nzira yayo payo imene kuparadzira madhora edzidzo kumaruwa. Mitemo inozivikanwa zvikurusa inobatanidza mafandesheni ehwaro, umo hurumende inovimbisa mwero wapakuvamba wemari inotsigirwa pa mudzidzi mumwe nomumwe, uye nzira dzokuita kuti aenzane, idzo dzinoedza kubvisa misiyano mupfuma yomunzvimbomo. Dzimwe nyika dzinoshandisawo mari yakavakirwa pavadzidzi, umo mari inotevera mudzidzi pamitemo yakadai segiredhi, unyanzvi hwechiNgezi, kana kuti mugariro wourombo. Nepo iyi mitoo inoumbwa kusimudzira wirirano yetsika, yakawanda inowirirana kana kuti inotsigirwa zvakakwana, inotungamirira kumikataro inopfuurira pakati pemaruwa akapfuma nearombo.

Mitero Yezvinhu Yomunzvimbomo

Nemhaka yokuti mari yomunzvimbomo inotorwa mumitero yezvinhu, maruwa ane mipimo yepfuma yakakwirira anogona kukwidza mari yakawanda zvikuru pamusha pamusha pawo munzanga dzakaderera. Ruwa rwamashamba akapfuma rungapedza $20 000 pamwana apo ruwa rwomumaruwa rwapedyo kana kuti rweguta runoshandisa bedzi $10,000. Uku kusawirirana kunowedzerwa neidi rokuti nzanga dzinowana mari yakaderera kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzine mitengo yenhumbi nemitero yakakwirira zvikuru yemari inowirirana nemari, kureva kuti vanobhadhara mugove mukuru wemari yavo yemari yavo nokuda kwemari shoma yechikoro. Nhamburiko dzokuvandudza tsika ino ino ino nokudzivisa kwezvamatongerwe enyika, sezvo maruwa epfuma anorwisana nemari kuti achengete mari yavo yomunzvimbomo.

Matapuro Akananga Okushandisa Mari Pakudzidzisa

Nhau dzemari mudzidzo, asi kuti dzinoshandiswa sei zvinhu zvakatonyanya. Apo zvikoro zvine mari yakakwana neyakatsiga, zvinogona kuisa mari muvatyairi vanokosha vebudiriro yavadzidzi: vadzidzisi vakakwirira, zvinhu zvokurayiridza zvinofambira mberi, zvivako zvakakotsekana nezvazvino uno, uye purogiramu dzakawanda dzinosvitsa zvinodikanwa zvavadzidzi zvakasiyana - siyana.

Unhu Hwomudzidzisi Nezvipo

Miripo yavadzidzisi inomirira ndyiko imwe hurusa mumari dzechikoro zhinjisa, zvikurukuru kuvara kwehwerengedzo yendyiko yose. Miripo yekambani inokosha nokuda kwokukwezva nokuchengeta vadzidzisi vanobudirira. Maruwa ane mari yakakwirira anogona kupa mubhadharo uri nani, mabhonasi okusaina, uye mikana yebasa. Anogonawo kuderedza mwero wekirasi kupfurikidza nokupinza vadzidzi vakawanda, uko kunzvera kunoratidza kuti kunovandudza miuyo yavadzidzi, zvikurukuru nokuda kwavana vaduku naavo vanobva mumigariro yakashairwa.

Musiano, maruwa akasakiswa kazhinji kazhinji anoparapatika kuzadza nzvimbo, zvikurukuru munzvimbo dzinoshaiwa zvikuru dzakadai sedzidzo chaiyo, masvomhu, uye sayenzi. Angavimba navadzidzisi vasina kurumbidzwa, vatsivi vechinguvana, kana kuti vadzidzisi vanodzidzisa kunze kwenzvimbo dzavo dzenhau. Mudzidzisi mukuru anotendeuka muzvikoro izvi anodzivisazve mirayiridzo nokukuvadza vadzidzi. Maererano neDzidziro, mudzidzisi anochinja mari inofungidzirwa kuva $2,2,000 000 000 000 000 pagore, yakawanda yayo muzvikoro zvinogona kuibhadhara.

Zviwanikwa Zvekirasi Nezvounyanzvi

Mabhuku, marabhoritari, makombiyuta, uye mapurogiramu anokosha pakugovera zvidzidzo zvazvino uno. Bva zvikoro zviri mumaruwa ane mibatanidzwa mishomanene zvinowanzoshandisa zvinhu zvechinyakare, zvinenge zvisina makombiyuta akakwana nokuda kwavadzidzi, kana kuti zvine internet yakaganhurirwa. Dambudziko reCHOVID rakaratidzira zvikuru mativi aya akasiana, vadzidzi vari mumaruwa akabudirira vachikwanisa kutendeukira kudzidzo paIndaneti pasina mhosho nepo avo vari munzanga dzine urombo zvikuru vakatarisana namavhiki kana kuti mwedzi yemirayiridzo yakarasika.

Kushandisa mari kunotemawo kuvapo kwenyanzvi dzemirayiridzo dzakadai savarayiridzi vanoverenga, vapi vezano, vatarisiri veraibhurari, uye vanamukoti. Idzi nyanzvi dzinoita basa rinokosha mukutsigira utano hwakanaka hwavadzidzi nokukura kwedzidzo, asi ivo kazhinji kazhinji ndivo vokutanga kuchekwa apo vanodzorwa. American School Council Association inorumbidza reshiyo yavadzidzi 250 vari mukupa zano; avhareji yorudzi i 415 kumumwe, uye mumamwe maruwa akakwirira zvikuru inopfuura 600 kumumwe.

Nzvimbo Dzechikoro Nechengeteko

Mumiriro wezvivako zvechikoro unotapura zvakananga mhoteredzo yokudzidza. Vadzidzi vari muzvivako zvakasakara — nezvinodzudza matenga, gadziriro dzokudziyisa nokudziyisa, kana kuti marabhu esayenzi asina kukwana (marabhu) asingadi kudzidza. Mushumo 2020 weHurumende yeU. Office yeMatare eU.S. anozvidavirira wakawana kuti anenge 54% amaruwa ezvikoro zvehurumende anoda kuvandudza kana kuti kutsiva gadziriro dzakawanda dzokuvaka. Maruwa evarombo anotapurwa zvikuru, kuparira utano nenjodzi dzinodzivisa kubudirira kwavadzidzi netsika.

Zvirongwa Zvepachikoro uye Kupfuma

Nziyo, unyanzvi, mitambo, makirabhu, nemimwe mibato yepashure pechikoro zvinopfuudzira ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwedzidzo uye zvinobetsera vadzidzi kuvandudza unyanzvi hwenzanga, mano outungamiriri, uye pfungwa yokuvapo. Bva aya mapurogiramu anowanzova mashoma okutanga apo mari inoderera. Zvikoro zvepfuma zvinogona kupa misiyano mizhinji yezvisarudzo, nepo zvikoro zvakapfumbira zvingarwisa kuchengeta timu imwe yemitambo kana kuti kirasi yemitoo. Uku kubvisa kuvadzidzi munharaunda dzakaderera zvikuru mikana imwe cheteyo yokunzvera mano avo uye kuvaka mikana yokutanga nokuda kwedzidzo nemabasa okuzvikoro.

Misiyano Mukutsigira Mari Mhiri Kwematunhu Nemaruwa

Pasinei zvapo namakumi amakore edenho dzapamutemo uye chinjo dzenzvimbo yehurumende, kusawirirana kwemari kunoramba kuri kukuru uye kunopfuurira. Nzvero ya2022 yakaitwa naEd Bulling yakawana kuti maruwa ezvikoro zvikurukuru evachena anogamuchira mari yakawanda zvikuru mumari gore rimwe nerimwe kupfuura maruwa asiri machena anobatira nhamba imwe cheteyo yavadzidzi. Mukaha uyu unosundwa nechivako chemitero yenzvimbo, asiwo nourudzi hwezvivako zvakapinzwa mumiganhu yechikoro nemiganhu yeruwa yehurumende.

Pfuma Nemibatanidzwa Yechikoro Choruwa

Miganhu yeruwa rwechikoro inowanzowirirana nemirau yemanisiparati, izvo zvinoreva kuti mataundi akapfuma namaguta omukati ane urombo inyika dzinobhadharwa mitero. Somugumisiro, sabhabhu yakapfuma inogona kubhadhara mipimo yepfuma yayo yakakwirira pamwero wakaderera uye ichiri kuparira mari yakawanda pamusha womwana womudzidzi, nepo guta rine urombo rinofanira kubhadhara mari pamwero mukuru zvikuru kukwidza. Iri daro rokuzvibhadharira rimene rinoita risingabviri kumaruwa ane nyika dzakaderera kuti abate pasina kupindira kwehurumende.

Hurumende Inotsigira Kushandisa Mafomu Nemapfupi Ayo

Mitemo yakawanda yemari yakagadzirirwa kuenzana nezviwanikwa, asi inowanzokundikana. Mimwe miitiro inoshandisa mashoko ekare kana kuti kukundikana kutsanangura ndyiko dzakakwirira dzokudzidzisa vadzidzi nezvinodikanwa chaizvo, vadzidzi vemitauro yeChirungu, kana kuti avo vanogara muurombo. Mimwe yakaparadzwa nemari kana kuti mirau yemitero. Somuenzaniso, muna 2023, muKansas Supreme Court yakamanikidza nyika kuwedzera mari yechikoro pashure pemakore okupfuudza zvakanga zvatungamirira kukuperevedza kwomudzidzisi uye purogiramu. Kupara mhosva dzakafanana dzakaiswa muTexas, Arizona, Pennsylvania, uye dzimwe nyika, dzakasimbisa kutamburira kugona kubhadhara mari yakaitwa.

Tapuro Pamiuyo Yevadzidzi

Nzvero inoratidzira nguva dzose kuti vadzidzi vari mumaruwa akasanogoverwa vanosvika nhamba dzemiedzo yakakwirira, vanopedza kufunda pamwero yakakwirira, uye vane bviro huru yokupinda pakoreji. Nzvero ya2019 yakaitwa neNational Bureau of Economic Research yakawana kuti 20% yokuwedzera mukushandiswa kwavana vanowana mari shoma kwakaguma negore rokuwedzera redzidzo yapedzwa uye wedzero ye25% yemari yemari inogona kuva nemiuyo inoramba yakashata, kukura kwemiganhuro uye kupfuudzira nhambo dzourombo.

Fundo Dzemhosva: Kushandisa Mari

Kuongorora mienzaniso yenyika chaiyo kunotibatsira kuona kuti mari inosarira sei uye zvinoitika nyika padzinoita chiito chokutaura nezvadzo.

California’s Local Control Funding Formula (LCF)

Muna 2013, California yakavandudza mari yechikoro neLCF, iyo inopa mari yokuwedzera kumaruwa ane vadzidzi vakaderera, vadzidzi vechiNgezi, uye vechiduku. Nzira yacho inobvumira zvikoro kuti zvichinjike pakushandisa mari asi inoda kuratidza kuti mari iyoyo inotsigira sei migumisiro yevadzidzi. Kutsvakurudza kwokutanga kunoratidza kuti LCFF yavandudza mari yokupedza kufunda uye yave kuongorora, kunyanya vadzidzi vasingagoni, kunyange zvazvo zvinetso zvichiripo mukusimbisa kuti mari inoshandiswa zvakanaka.

Kupesana Kwomutemo WokuPennsylvania

Muna 2022, mutongi weDare reCommonwealth akatonga kuti gadziriro yemari yechikoro chePennsylvania haiwirirani nemitemo nemhaka yokuti inotsamira zvikuru pamitero yenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo uye inokundikana kugovera zviwanikwa zvakakwana nokuda kwamaruwa ane urombo. Mhaka yacho, yakaunzwa neSchool District of Philadelphia uye vamwe vatendi vakumbiri, yakabudisa kuti maruwa ehurumende akaderera zvikuru sei anopedza mwana ari pasi penyika pasinei zvapo nokubhadharisa mitero pamwero yakakwirira. Chiratidzo chinoraira nokuda kwomuridzo mutsva unovimbisa kuva nomutengo wakarurama, kunyange zvazvo kubatanidzwa kuchipfuurira.

Kansas’s School Funding After Gannon v. Kansas

Kweanenge makore gumi, Kansas yakabatanidzwa mukutsigira mari yechikoro. Dare repamusorosoro rehurumende rakaramba richiwana kuti mwero yemari yedare rehurumende yakanga isingakwani uye isingasaruri. Mukupindura, Kansas yakawedzera yamuro yehurumende nemazana emadhora, ichiita kuti pave nokuvandudzwa kwemari yevadzidzisi, mativi maduku eboka, uye kudzorerwa kwemiitiro yezvounyanzvi nemimhanzi mune dzimwe nyika. Mhaka yacho inoratidza kuti mirayiro yedare inogona kumanikidza kuchinja zvine revo, asi kurwisa zvematongerwe enyika kunowanzoderera.

Kutsigira Kukwana Nokushandisa Mari Yakakwana

Nepo vagadziri vemitemo yehurumende nevehurumende vane mutoro mukuru wokugadzira gadziriro dzemari dzechikoro, kudzora nzanga kunoita rutivi runokosha mukuchinja kwokutyaira.

Kunzwisisa Kutsigira Kwechikoro Cheruwa Chako

Nhano yokutanga mukusagona kubhadharwa zivo. Maruwa mazhinjisa ezvikoro anobudisa mari yemari yegore negore nemishumo yemari inoratidza manyuko emari nendyiko iri yose. Kuenzanisa mari yoruwa rwako kumaruwa ari pedyo neavhareji yehurumende kunogona kuzivisa mativi akasiyana. Sangano dzakadai seEducation Trust neNational Center for Education Statistics dzinogovera mashoko nenzvero dzinogona kubetsera vatsigiri kuita nhau yavo.

Kubatanidzwa Nevagadziri Vemitemo

Kuonana navaiti vemitemo vehurumende, kupinda misangano yechikoro, uye kupupurira padare redare rechikoro inzira dzinobudirira kukudza kuziva pamusoro pemari inopinzwa mari inosakafanira. Vatsigiri vanofanira kunangidzira ngwariro pamibvunzo yakananga: kugamuchira mutoo wemari wakavakirwa pavadzidzi, kuwedzera yamuro yehurumende kumaruwa ezvinhu, kana kuti mapurogiramu okutsigira zvizere mari nokuda kwavadzidzi vechiNgezi navadzidzi vane urema. Kuvaka mibatanidzwa nedzimwe nzanga dzakatapurwa kunosimbisa shoko racho.

Kutsigira Kutaura Nezvokutanga

Kupa mari kumatare echikoro kwave kuri chishandiso chine simba chokuvandudza munyika dzakawanda. Sangano seServation Project neSouthern Poverty Law Center zvakabetsera nzanga ndokuhwina sutu dzakadaro. Mukuwedzera, dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira vavhoti kubvumira wedzero yemitero yedzidzo kupfurikidza namatanho okuvhota. Kutsigira idzi nhamburiko dzinoda nguva, mari, uye kuda kwezvamatongerwe enyika, asi kubhadhara kunogona kuchinjwa nokuda kwezvikoro zvakashongedzwa.

Mugumisiro: Kutsigira Kutsigira

Mari inopirwa navanhu haisi nhau yemari bedzi yemadhora namasendi; iratidzirwo yemhiko yenzanga kugovera mwana mumwe nomumwe dzidzo yakakwirira. Apo mari inokwana uye inoparadzirwa zvakanaka, zvikoro zvinova mikana, kubvisa vadzidzi muurombo uye kuvagadzirira nokuda kwoupenyu hunobudirira. Kana isina kukwana kana kuti isingasarumbidzwi, miuyo inoparira kukamukana kwenzanga neupfumi.

Kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwemari kunoda nhamburiko dzinopfuurira kubva kuvachengeti vose. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanofanira kusarudza avo vanoisa mipimo yedzidzo. Vagadziri vemitemo vanofanira kuita miitiro inoparira kushaiwa kwavadzidzi nepfuma yomunzvimbomo. Masangano anofanira kuzvidavirira kuzvikoro namaruwa nokuda kwokushandisa mari nokuchenjera. uye vatsigiri vanofanira kupfuurira kuvhenekera pamitengo inopfuurira. Nguva yemberi yavana vedu norudzi rwedu inotsamira pakuwana mari yechikoro.

Kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro penzira iyo mari inoshanda nayo mumugariro wako uye chaunogona kuita kutsigira mari inowirirana, shanyira Trusairo yeDzidzo kana kuti kunzvera mashoko anobva ku National Center for Education Statistics. Nokuda kwechikamu chemari chakatarira nokusarongeka kwemari pakati pamaruwa, ED BROG inopa mepu dzinopa mishumo nemishumo. Kunzwisisa idzi inhano yokutanga kukuva nechokwadi chokuti mudzidzi ari wose, pasinei zvapo nemitemo yeZIP, anogona kuwana dzidzo yenyika.