Chisarudzo chegakava rakati reADR chazova rutivi runokosha rwegadziriro dzazvino uno dzemitemo, kuchigovera mapati nzira yokupedza nayo rwisano pasina nguva, ndyiko, uye rudzi rwokutonga kwedare. Mediation nearbitation, mitoo miviri inoshandiswa zvikurusa, inogovera nzira dzakasiana dzokusarudza, imwe neimwe ine chimiro chayo imene, betsero, uye ganhuriro. Kana uri muridzi webhizimisi anonyoresa bvumirano, mushandirwi anobata rwisano yebasa, kana kuti munhu anotsvaka chigadzikiso chechatanuro chine rugare zvikuru, anonzwisisa idzi nzira dzinokusimbisa kuita zvisarudzo zviri nani. Nyaya inonzvera zvisarudzo zvayo, betsero mipimo yavo, uye apo mutoo mumwe nomumwe unoparirawo nhungamiro inoshanda nokuda kwokusarudza nzira yakarurama.

Kunzwisisa Kutaurirana

Kuyananisa muitiro unobatira pamwe, unotsigirwa nefariro umo murevereri wechitatu anoreverera .(*) mativi anokakavadzana mukusvika chibvumirano chinogamuchirika. Kusafanana nomutongi kana kuti mutauriri, murevereri haaisi mutongo. Panzvimbo pezvo, murevereri anorerutsira kurukurirano, anojekesa nhau, uye anobetsera vanhu kunzvera zvisarudzo zvokuzvidira. Chido chisarudzo chinogutsa mipimo yomunhu ari wose anobatanidzwa.

Basa Romurevereri

Basa guru romurevereri nderokutungamirira kurukurirano, kwete kuyera kuti ndiani akarurama kana kuti akaipa. Varevereri vanobudirira vanoshandisa mitoo yakasiyana - siyana, kubatanidza kuteerera kwokushingaira, kutaura kwokunyora, uye kushandisa (misangano pachivande nerutivi rumwe norumwe). Kupfurikidza nokuchengeta kusatora rutivi, murevereri anoita mhoteredzo yakakotsekana umo mapoka anogona kutaura itiro hanya dzawo pasina rutyo rworutongeso kana kuti kutsiva. Varevereri vangava magweta, vatongi vakarega basa, kana kuti nyanzvi dzakarovedzwa dzine unyanzvi muminda dzakati semutemo wemhuri, kuvaka, kana kuti gakavadzano dzezvo dzezvokutengeserana.

Marudzi Okutsiva

Kubudisa hakusi mutoo mumwe wekuenzanisa. Zvitayera zvakasiyana - siyana zviripo kuti zvikwane zvinodikanwa zvakasiyana- siyana:

  • Chikamu chamashoko [ - Murevereri anonangidzira ngwariro pamuitiro, achibetsera mapato kukurukurirana nokuparira zvisarudzo pasina kupa mifungo pamuuyo. Ichi ndicho chimiro chinowanzoshandiswa, mukakavadzano dzemhuri nedzenzanga.
  • Nhevedzano yezvisakiso – Murevereri angayera simba neutera hwenhau yorutivi rumwe norumwe ndokukarakadza miganhu inobvira. Iyi nzira inozivikanwa navose mumakakava anokuvadza ezvokutengeserana neomunhu oga apo muenzaniso wapamutemo unova wakafanira.
  • Kuchinja [ – Emphasises simba nokuziva, kuvavarira kuchinja ukama pakati pemapati. Kunowanzoshandiswa murwisano pakati pemunhu, dzakadai sekakavadzano dzebasa kana kuti dzomuvakidzani.
  • Online Mediation - Nokukura kwebasa riri kure, zvirongwa zvakawanda zvokubudisa mashoko zvinoitika zvino kupfurikidza nokuisa vhidhiyo, zvichipa migariro inochinjika uye kuderedza ndyiko dzerwendo pasina kurasikirwa.

Kuudza Vamwe Zvakavanzika

Humwe hwemativi anokosha zvikurusa ekuyananisa ndehwokuviga kwazvo. Pasi pemirau yakadai seUniform Mediation Act (yakaiswa muzvibvumirano zvakawanda zveU.S.) uye zvibvumirano zvapachivande zvakawanda, kurukurirano dzose dzinoitwa mukati mokuyananisa kazhinji kazhinji hadzina kujeka mudare. Ikoku kunobvumira mapoka kutaura nenzira yakananga, kukarakadza mhinduro dzokuumba, uye kuita bvumirano pasina kutya kuti kutaura kwavo kuchashandiswa mukurwisana navo gare gare gare. Zvisinei, zvakavanzika zvine miganhuro yazvo, tyisidziro dzemasimba masimba kana kuti mubato woutsotsi unopfuurira zvingashumwa.

Betsero Dzokubudisa

Kubudisa nhau kunopa betsero dzakawanda kupfuura kugovera:

  • Miuyo yeProfeta - Mediation inowanzoda chidimbu chekutongwa. Mitengo yepamutemo yakaderera nemhaka yokuti gadziriro nokuwana zvinoderedzwa. Zviteshi zvizhinji zvinopedzwa murusando rumwe kana kuti mbiri.
  • Kuisa nguva - Nepo mabudi edare redzimhosva anogona kutambanudza mwedzi kana kuti makore, kuyananiswa kunogona kurongwa mukati memavhiki. Rusando rwekubudisa mashoko rwenguva dzose runopedza maawa mashomanene kusvikira kuzuva rakazara, nechisarudzo chinowanzoitwa panguva yacho.
  • Kubatanidzwa kwoUkama - Mugariro unobatira pamwe wekuyananisa unobetsera kuchengeta kana kuti kunyange kuvandudza ukama, kuchihuita hwakakodzera nokuda kwekakavadzano dzemhuri, bvumirano dzebhizimisi, uye rwisano dzebasa.
  • Party Control - Kusafanana nokutonga uko mutongi kana kuti vatongi vanosarudza muuyo, mapati mubvumirano anogona kudzora zvizere. Vanogona kuita zvigadzikiso izvo dare risingagoni kuraira, zvakadai sokukumbira ruregerero kwapachena kana kuti gadziriro yokubhadhara inochinjika.
  • Kuderedza Kufunganya [[FLT: 1] – Kusashandiswa nokusashandiswa kwepombi dzemazai kazhinji kazhinji kunoderedza kukuvadzwa kwendangariro kwerwisano.

Kuongorora Kuchinja

Arbitrotion muitiro wakarongwa zvikuru weADR umo vakwikwidzi vanogovera nhau yavo kumutarisiri wezvokusava nekwakarerekera (kana kuti boka ravamiriri) vanoshandura chisarudzo chinobatira, chinozivikanwa semubayiro. Kunyange zvazvo kusati kuri kwapamutemo kupfuura kutonga kwedare, kudzorwa kunobatanidza zvinhu zvakawanda zvinofanira kuitwa: mashoko okuzarura, kupiwa kwoufakazi, kuongororwa kwezvapupu, uye nharo dzemitemo. Arbitrotion inodzorwa nemiraudzo yakadai seFederal Arbitation Act (FA) muUnited States neA Act yokukwikwidza muUnited Kingdom, uye mabhiti emarudzi ose anotsigirwa pasi peNew York Convention.

Basa Romugadziri

Murevereri anoshanda somutongi asingazivikanwi. Mutongi anonzwa mativi ose ari maviri, anohwirudzura ufakazi hwemanyoro noufakazi hunopupurira, uye anonyora chisarudzo chakanyorwa. Kusafanana navarevereri, varevereri vane chiremera chokusarudza muuyo. Vagadziri kazhinji kazhinji vanosarudzwa nokuda kwounyanzvi hwavo munhau yegakava racho (somuenzaniso, mugadziri wezvibvumirano ane zivo yeinjiniya kana kuti muvaki wemiganhuro yezvemari inowirirana nemiraudzo yemari.

Kuchinja Kwakaita Nyika

Kutora kunogona kurongwa munzira dzinoverengeka:

  • Binding vs. Non-biding Arbitration - Corbatrotion inoita mubayiro wokupedzisira, unomanikidzirwa une zvikonzero zvakaganhurirwa zvokukwirira. Kusaisa nokuisa kusingamanikidziridzi. Kudzokororwa kunobvumira mapoka kuramba mubairo uye kupfuurira kutongwa kana vachida, kunyange zvazvo zvichigona kubatira sechikonzero chokugadzikisa.
  • Ad Hoc Arbitration - Mapati amene anogadzira mitemo yetsika, kazhinji kazhinji nebetsero yezano. Ikoku kunopa kupfava kukurusa asi kunoda kunyorwa kwokungwarira.
  • Imstitugation - Muitiro unoitwa nesangano rakadai seAmerican Arbitration Association (AA), JAMS, kana kuti International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). Masangano aya anopa mitemo yakagadzwa, tsigiro yokudzora, uye horo yevagadziri vakakwaniriswa.
  • Conssumer kana kuti Robhoti Arbitation - Kazhinji kazhinji inorairwa nezvibvumirano zvapamberi pebumbiro remitemo, idzi mirau dzinodzorwa nemirau chaiyo kusimbisira vanhu kuva vakarurama.

Betsero Dzokutora

Kutora kunopa betsero dzakajeka dzinoriita rinokwezva, zvikurukuru nokuda kwenharo dzezvokutengeserana nedzepamusoro:

  • Expertise – Parities dzinogona kusarudza vaparidzi vane zivo chaiyo, iyo inogona kutungamirira kuzvisarudzo zvakaziva zvikuru kupfuura mutongi mukuru kana kuti mutongi anobetsera vatongi.
  • Kushanda - Arbitation inowanzokurumidza kupfuura kutora nemhaka yokuti kuwana kwakaganhurirwa, kudzorwa kwemiitiro yemifungo kushoma, uye rudungwe rwokunzwa rwakawanda. Kupinda kwakawanda kunopedzwa mukati memwedzi mitanhatu kusvikira kugore.
  • Kusachinja – Paritis dzinogona kugadziridza muitiro: kusarudza nzvimbo, kuisa nguva, kubvumirana pamirau yakajeka, uye kunyange kusarudza kana kubvumira kukumbira.
  • Privtacy - Kutonga kwedare kwakavanzika, uye mibairo inowanzova yakavanzika, kusafanana nezvinyorwa zvedare izvo zviri chinyorwa chavose.
  • Kumanikidzirwa – Kutora mibairo yokupedzisira uye inogona kumanikidzirwa mumatare munyika yose muNew York Convention, iyo ine nyika dzinopa chiratidzo dzinopfuura 170.

Kuganhurirwa Kwokuchinja

Kudzosa kungava kusingarevi. Kunogona kuva kunodhura, zvikurukuru apo mitero yesangano nebhadharo romumiririri yakakwirira. Kucherekedzwa, kunyange zvazvo kwakaganhurirwa, kunotakura ndyiko. Kuguma kwokubatanidza kureva mapati kune zvikonzero zvitete zvikuru zvokukwirira (zvakadai sokunyengera, uori, kana kuti kuzvidza kwakajeka kwomutemo). Vatengi navashandi, vanoraira zvitsama zvave zvichitsoropotedzwa nokuda kwokuganhurirwa kururamisiro. Mukuwedzera, dzokorora vatambi vakadai semasangano makuru.

Kuenzanisa Kubvisa Nokubvisa

Kunyange zvazvo nzira dzacho dziri mbiri dzisingasaruri, dzinosiyana zvikuru mukushanda, kudzora, uye mugumisiro.

Misiyano Mikuru

AspectMediationArbitration
Decision MakerParties (with mediator’s facilitation)Arbitrator
OutcomeVoluntary, non-binding agreementBinding award (usually)
FormalityLow; no rules of evidenceModerate; structured but flexible
ConfidentialityHigh; discussions protectedHigh; hearings and award often private
TimeframeDays to weeksMonths to a year
CostLow to moderateModerate to high
Appeal OptionsN/A (no decision to appeal)Very limited

Nguva Yokusarudza Kutaurirana

Kubudisa mashoko kunowanzova kwakanaka apo:

  • Mapati acho anoda kuchengeta ukama (munzira, mitezo yemhuri, vakwanyina vebhizimisi, vabereki).
  • Nhau dzacho dzakaoma uye dzinoda kuti pave nezvigadzikiso zvinoda kugadziriswa, zvinochinja - chinja.
  • Varipo vanoda kuramba vachidzora chisarudzo.
  • Kuranga chinhu chinokosha kupfuura zvimwe zvose.
  • Kukakavadzana kwacho kunosanganisira kugara uchikurukurirana, zvakadai semabasa kana kuti kurwisana kwemunharaunda.

Nguva Yokusarudza Kutora

Kutora kunowanzova kunokosha apo:

  • Chisarudzo chakananga, chinogombedzerwa chinodikanwa.
  • Mapati haagoni kuwana zvikonzero zvinowirirana ndokuda munhu wechitatu kuti asarudze.
  • Gakava racho rinobatanidza nhau younyanzvi kana kuti yezvounyanzvi hwezvokukurukura uko unyanzvi hunokosha.
  • Mapati anoda kudzivisa zvinyorwa zvedare ravose.
  • Chibvumirano chacho chinotova nechikamu chemashoko anobatanidza.

Nzira Dzinopindwa Nevhu: Med-Arb naArb-Med

Mimwe miitiro yeADR inobatanidza zvinhu zvemitoo yose iri miviri. Mu Manyuko anozivikanwa nemhaka yokuti masangano anoziva kuti kusatora rutivi gare gare kungasarudza mugumisiro. Arb-MM yakadzorwa, zvimwe chetezvo (kana kuti yakasiana) inova mudzori worusarudzo. Ikoku kukurudzira kurukurirano dzechitendero dzakanaka mukati mechikamu nemhaka yokuti mavhiyi uzivikanwi wacho gare gare gare gare ungasarudza muuyo. Arb-MYK [ inodzosa nhevedzano: muiti anonzwa nhau uye anoisa muwiro mumunhowa, ipapo varwi vanobudisa nhau. Kana vasaedza, vanobudisa nhau vanokundikana, vanozarura mufambiro uye vanopa miuyo inova. Izvi zvinopa miuyo inopa miuyo inova inobetsera kugadzirirwa zvikanganiso zvekudzodzodzo dzose.

Matanho Anoshanda Okusarudza Mugoveri WeADR

Kusarudza murevereri kana kuti mutauriri chimwe chezvisarudzo zvinokosha zvikurusa mumuitiro weADR. Hezvino zvinhu zvinokosha:

  • Expience na Explorence - Tsvaka kusatora rutivi nenhau yakananga yenhau yenharo (mutoo, kuvaka, zvinhu zvoungwaru, basa). Nokuda kwezvirongedzero, rovedzo mumarisa nechisarudzo cherwisano zvinokosha zvakaenzana.
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • Rudzi rweProject[[FT:1] - Nokuda kwokuyananisa, sarudza kana mutoo wokutaura kana kuti wokuongorora nawo uchikodzera gakava. Nokuda kwegadziro, sarudza kana zvirongwa zvesangano kana kuti zvehoc zvichidiwa.
  • [[FT:0] Kushanda nokuvapo[[FT:1] – Enzanisa mari nerudungwe. Kumwe kudzorwa kwezvikwereti paawa, kumwe pazuva. Kuziva kuti kusatora rutivi kunogona kukodzera nguva dzepati.
  • Mbango ye-Legal - Rangarira kana kusatora rutivi kwakasarudzwa kuchatapura kumanikidzirwa. Mapati amarudzi ose anofanira kuva nechokwadi chechigaro chokuisa nzvimbo munyika inokudza New York Convention.

Kumanikidzwa uye Kushandiswa Kwepamutemo

Misha inoiswa mumapepanhau inomanikidzirwa sezvibvumirano. Kana chibvumirano chokuyananisa changosainwa, chinosungirwa kufanana nechibvumirano chipi nechipi. Kana mubatanidzwa ukapunza, mumwe unogona kukwidza mhaka nokuda kwokuputswa kwebvumirano. Mamwe matare anobvumira kuti misha inorevererwa ipinde semitongo yokubvumirana, kusimbisazve kuchengetwa.

Arbitation artitution atrust, kune rumwe rutivi, inomanikidzirwa kupfurikidza nemiitiro yedare. MuUnited States, Federal Arbitation Act inogovera kusimbiswa kwemibairo ine zvikonzero zvitete zvikuru zvevacatur. Marudzi ose, New York Convention inovimbisa kuti mibayiro inogoverwa munyika imwe yokusaina inogona kuzivikanwa ndokumanikidzirwa mudzimwe. Ikoku kunoita kuti kuwiriraniswa kuve kune simba zvikuru nokuda kwerwisano dzemichinjikwa. Nokuda kwoudzamende, ona interuro yeNew York .

Mafungiro Anowanzotaurwa Zvisizvo Pamusoro peADR

Pasinei zvapo nokuwedzera kwaro kushandiswa, ADR yakapoteredzwa nengano.

  • Myth: Mediation ndeye "magakava" bedzi. Zvomene: Kutsiva kunoshanda kunyange mumigariro yakakwirira, kubatanidza rondedzero dzezvokutengeserana dzakaoma nechatanuro dzinovava. Unyanzvi hwomurevereri kazhinji kazhinji hunobvisa funganyo.
  • Myth: Arbitrotion inodhura nguva dzose kupfuura kudzorwa. Zvokwadi: Kutora kunogona kuva kunodhura zvikuru apo mapoka anopinda mukuwana kukuru kana kuti kusarudza maarbitor akakwirira. Zvisinei, kunodokuva kunokurumidza nguva dzose.
  • Myth: ADR haisungi uye naizvozvo haibetseri. Zvokwadi: Kubatanidza kunomanikidzirwa zvizere. Chimiro chokubatanidza chinotsamira pabvumirano yapamativi; nzvimbo dzinogarwa dzinoguma nezvibvumirano zvinomanikidzirwa.
  • Myth: Haudi gweta muADR. Zvomene: Nepo vamiririri vanogona kuzvimirira vamene, magweta anorumbidzwa zvikuru nokuda kwekakavadzano dzakaoma, zvikurukuru mukutsinhira, umo nharo dzapamutemo nemirau yakajeka zvichiri kukosha.

mhedziso

Kubatanidza nokushandisa zvinomirira zvitsinhano zviviri zvine simba kugadziriro yedare regamuchidzanwa, chimwe nechimwe chakagadzirirwa marudzi akasiyana- siyana ekakavadzano nevavariro dzebato. Kubatanidza kunopenya apo kuyamurana, kuchengetedzwa, uye zvigadzikiso zvokugadzira zvinhu zvinopfupikisa. Kurongeka kunopfuura apo kupera, unyanzvi, uye kumanikidzirwa kunodikanwa. Nokunzwisisa mijekedzo yemiitiro yose iri miviri nemiitiro yemiitiro yemibatanidzwa nemiitiro yemitemo, (magiramuromo) zvinogona kusarudza nomutoo wakakodzera nzira inoshanda zvakanaka zvikurusa pazvazvakanakira. Sezvo kudikanwa kwokubudirira, kunetsanangana kwapamhiko kunoramba kuri kunopfuurira, unyanzvi hweADR huri kuva hunokosha nokuda kwamagwetangwe, vatungamiriri vebhizimisi, uye munhu upi noupi anorwisana mukurwisana. Kana ukasarudza kukurukurirana nekurukurirano nekurukurirano nemitemo yemitemo yemitemo yemitemo kana kuti inoita kuti ive inova inoita nokukurumidza zvikuru, uye inogutsa vose vanobatanidzwa.