Kuumba Kwaunoitwa Nehurumende Basa Rako: Kunzwisisa Zvadzinoita

Zuva riri rose, hurumende dzehurumende dzinoita zvisarudzo zvinotapura zvakananga mashandire aunoita mari yokurarama nawo, kuti wakakotsekana sei pabasa, uye kuti ibetseroi dzaunowana. Nepo mitemo yehurumende ichigadza musiyano, kazhinji kazhinji imirau yenzvimbo yapasi ine simba rapakarepo zvikurusa pavashandi navashandirwi. Kubva pakugadza mibayiro mishomanene yokushandisa mipimo yekotsekano, hurumende ine simba guru rokuumba ruzivo rwako rwebasa rezuva nezuva. Kunzwisisa aya mabasa kunogona kukubetsera kuronga basa rako, kutsigira maruramiro ako, uye kuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva somushandiri kana muridzi webhizimisi.

Nyaya ino inoongorora nzvimbo dzinokosha umo hurumende dzehurumende dzinopesvedzera mabasa, kubatanidza mitemo yebasa, mitemo yokudzivirira ngozi, migariro, mipimo inoripirwa, uye miuyo mikuru yezvemari.

Nheyo Yapamutemo: Nzira Iyo Hurumende Dzehurumende Dzinodzorera Nayo Basa

Hurumende dzinowana chiremera chadzo chokudzora basa kumasimba amapurisa adzo, ayo anovabvumira kudzivirira utano, chengeteko, uye garikano yavagari vadzo. Ichi chiremera chinobatanidza mitemo yehurumende yakadai seFair Labor Standard Act (FLSA) neOccational Safety and Health Act. Muzvinoitika zvizhinji, hurumende dzinogona kupfuura mwero yehurumende, kuchigadzira dziviriro dzakasimba zvikuru nokuda kwavashandi. Somuenzaniso, nepo mutemo wehurumende uchiisa mari shoma ye $7.25 paawa, masangano akawanda akavamba mwero mikuru zvikuru.

Kubatanidzwa pakati pomutemo wenyika nehurumende kunogona kuva kwakaoma. Kana mwero yose iri miviri yehurumende inodzora nharaunda imwe cheteyo, mupimo unogamuchirika zvikuru kumushandi unowanzoshanda. Iyi nheyo, inozivikanwa se "kusunungurwa," inowanzotungamirira kubasa remitemo rakawanda munyika yose. Kumabhizimisi anoshanda munyika dzakawanda, ikoku kunoreva kufamba kwezvinodikanwa zvizhinji zvokuteerera. Kuvashandi, zvinoreva kuti kodzero dzako dzinogona kuchinja zvikuru zvichitsamira paunogara.

Nzvimbo Huru Dzokudzorwa Kwamabasa Ehurumende

Hurumende dzinodzora mabasa anotevera:

  • Mitemo yewaya newaya (mubhadharo wakaderera zvikuru, nguva yomuraudzo, nguva yokuzorora)
  • Kuchengeteka pabasa uye utano (nechepamusoro peOSHA)
  • Inishuwarenzi yevashandi uye yokuremara
  • Zvirongwa zveinishuwarenzi yokushaya basa
  • Mitemo inorwisana nekusawirirana (yakafara kazhinji kazhinji kupfuura Title VII yomubatanidzwa)
  • Kuwana zororo remhuri uye rokurapwa (kusanganisira kubhadharwa kwemazororo)
  • Kurega basa uye kuronga kushanda kwemudyandigere (kuvashandi vehurumende)
  • Kuisa nokutsigira zvinodikanwa nokuda kwemabasa akati

Nzvimbo imwe neimwe yaiyoyi ine tapuro yakananga paupenyu hwako hwebasa. Ngatinyurei zvikuru mune hunokosha zvikurusa.

Marau eBasa neGwaro Rokushandira: Hurumende-Basa reState

Mitemo yevashandi vehurumende inodzora ukama hunokosha pakati pevashandirwi nevashandi, inobatanidza chinhu chiri chose kubva pakodzero yokuumba mubatanidzwa kusvika pakudzivirira rusaruro.

Kodzero Yokuronga Nokuunganidza

Dzimwe nharaunda ndi "kugona kushanda zvinorura , kureva kuti vashandi havagoni kudikanirwa kukumbanira mubatanidzwa kana kuti kuripira mubatanidzwa unodikanwa semugariro webasa. Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira zvibvumirano zvokuchengeteka zvakabatana zvinoda vashandi vose vanobetserwa nechibvumirano chesangano kuti vabhadhare mari. Uku kusiyana kune tapuro huru pamitengo yemitezo yemitezo, kukwidziridza simba, uye mibayiro munyika idzodzo. Maererano ne Bhureau yeMitengo yeBatationsss [, mubatanidzwa unokwirira zvikuru mumaganhu pasina mitemo yokushanda yakarurama.

Kudzivirirwa Pakusarurana

Kunyange zvazvo mutemo wehurumende uchirambidza rusaruro rwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano, mavambo orudzi, zera, uye urema, nyika dzakawanda dzakakudza idzi dziviriro. Somuenzaniso, nyika dzinoverengeka zvino dzinodzivirira zvakajeka vashandi pakusarura kwakavakirwa pamurangariro wevatano, kuzivikanwa kwevarume, mugariro weroorano, uye kunyange kuva nesonganiro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumirawo vashandi kukwirira mhaka nokuda kwekuvadziko idzo dzisina kuiswa pamutemo wehurumende, zvakadai sekuvadziko dzisina kuganhurirwa. Ikoku kunoreva kuti nyajambwa worusaruro mune imwe nyika angava nechengerwo rwapamutemo zvikuru kupfuura mumwe munhu mune imwe.

Kupedza Nguva Yakawanda Uchibhadhara uye Uchirega

Mutemo weFederal unoda mari yomuraudzo panhambo nenhambo nekane 1,5 mwero wenguva dzose wamaawa anoshanda anopfuura 40 muvhiki, asi hausati uchiraira zvokudya kana kuti zororo. Nyika zhinji dzakapindira kuti dzide kutora nguva inobhadharwa kana kuti isingabhadharwi nokuda kwezvokudya uye zororo, zvikurukuru nokuda kwevaduku. Dzimwe nyika dzinewo mipimo yeovhataimu yezuva nezuva, zvakadai sokuda kupedza nguva yapashure pemaawa 8 pazuva kana kuti maawa 8 okutanga pazuva rinotevedzerwa. Iyi misi misiyano inotapura zvikuru kuti vashandi vanoshandira varongedzei uye marii yavanowana.

Magehe Emhuri Nezvekurapa

Sangano reSangano reFamily and Medical Let (FMLA) rinogovera vhiki 12 dzezororo risina kuripirwa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakati zvemhuri uye zvokurapa, asi rinofukidza bedzi vashandirwi navashandi 50 kana kuti kupfuura uye rinoda vashandi kusvitsa mipimo yokusagona kubatira. Chiverengero chinokura chehurumende chakagadza mitemo yemhuri yavo vamene nemitemo yokurega kurapwa, kazhinji kazhinji kuchigovera zororo rinobhadharwa [ navanofukidza vashandirwi vaduku. Mitengo yakafanana neCalifornia, New York, Washington, uye Massachusetts zvino inopa mari yemhuri inoripirwa kupfurikidza nemitero yomushamba.

Mitemo Yokuchengeteka Kubasa: Kupfuura Osha

Hurumende dzinoita basa rinokosha mukuvimbisa kuti nzvimbo dzebasa dzakakotsekana. Nepo Occupational Safety and Health Administration yehurumende (OSHA) ichigadza mipimo yehwaro, hurumende dzinogona kushandisa gadziriro dzadzo dzimene dzehurumende yeOSHE-a atenderwa. Pari zvino, hurumende 22 dzine zvirongwa zvakadaro, zvinofukidza vashandi vose vari vaviri vebasa vomunhu oga nevechikamu chavose. Iyi gadziriro yenyika inofanira kuva inoshanda semubatanidzwa weOsha, asi inogona kuva inodzosera zvikuru.

Mipimo Yokuchengeteka Yakajeka yeHurumende

Somuenzaniso, Division of Occupational Safety and Health yeCalifornia yakagamuchira mipimo yokudzivirira urwere hwokupisa iyo inopfuura zvinodikanwa zvehurumende, inoda vashandirwi kugovera mvura, mumvuri, uye nguva yokuzorora nokuda kwavashandi vepanze mumheno huru. Nenzira yakafanana, dzimwe nyika dzine mirau yakananga nokuda kwamaindasitiri sekuvaka, kurima, uye tarisiro dzoutano dzinopfuura tsika dzenyika. Hurumende dzinoitawo kuti zvirongwa zvavo vamene zvokunzvera, kazhinji kazhinji nezvirango zvakakwirira nokuda kwokuputsa.

Kurovedza uye Kushandira Pamwe

Nyika zhinji dzinoda vashandirwi kugovera rovedzo ine udzame zvikuru kupfuura mipimo yehurumende. Somuenzaniso, mabasa akati ane ngozi akadai sokushanda netshefuro, mutobvu, kana kuti munzvimbo dzakaganhurirwa( kungada rovedzo yehurumende. Kuwedzera, masangano ane kunyorwa kwawo amene kwakanyorwa uye kushuma zvinodikanwa nokuda kwekuvadziko nezvirwere. Vashandirwi vanofanira kuziva kuti vanogona kunyora nyunyuto nepurogiramu yehurumende yeOSHANA kana vachidavira kuti basa ravo harina dziviriro.

Chinhu chinobatsira kunzwisisa mipimo chaiyo yekotsekano yehurumende yako i OSHA State Plan [, iyo inogovera batano nekotsekano yehurumende imwe neimwe uye sangano routano.

Kubatsira Uye Kudzivirira Vashandi: Zvinodiwa Nehurumende Yako

Kupfuura mutemo womubatanidzwa, hurumende dzehurumende dzinogona kuraira kuti vashandirwi vagovere nhevedzano yebetsero dzine tapuro yakananga pachengeteko yako yemari negarikano.

Inishuwarenzi Youtano Inorapa

Nepo Affordal Care Act (ACA) ichida vashandirwi vakawanda kuti vape inishuwarenzi youtano, mamiriro enyika anogona kuisa zvinodikanwa zvakawedzerwa. Hurumende dzakawanda dzinoda gadziriro dzeinishuwarenzi kuti dzipedze betsero dzakati, dzakadai sokurapa kwendangariro, kudzivisa kubereka, uye kunyange marudzi akati okurapa kudzivirira. Dzimwe nyika dzakagadzawo mitemo yokudzikamisa misika yadzo yeinishuwarenzi, iyo inotapura uwandu uye mutengo woutano nokuda kwavashandi vanoshandira mabasa avo vamene uye mabhizimisi maduku.

Mitemo Yegadziriro Yokurega Basa

Hurumende dzinodzorawo zvirongwa zvokurega basa, zvikurukuru nokuda kwavashandi vehurumende. Zvisinei, dzimwe nyika dzakaita nhanho dzokubetsera vashandi veboka retsoropodzi kuti vachengete mari nokuda kwokurega basa. Somuenzaniso, maruwa akadai seOregon, California, uye Illinois akaita gadziriro dzemari yehurumende yakaregeredzwa (yakadai seOregon Savesmonge) inoda vashandirwi pasina gadziriro yokurega basa kunyoresa vashandi vavo muakaunzi yokurega basa. Zvirongwa izvi zvinovavarira kupedza nguva yokurega basa.

Mashizha Anoremadzwa uye Mitemo Yokurega Kurwara

Nyika dzakawanda nenharaunda zvino dzinoda vashandirwi kugovera zororo rinorwara. Kusvikira muna 2025, nyika dzinopfuura 15 dzakabhadhara mitemo yokufamba kwezvirwere munyika yose, uye maguta akawanda ane mitemo yawo amene. Mitemo iyi inowanzobvumira vashandi kuwana zororo rimwe rokurwara kweawa imwe pamaawa 30 kusvikira ku40 ari kushanda, kusvikira kukepisi yakati. Chinangwa ndechokudzivisa kupararira kwechirwere ndokubvumira vashandi kuzvitarisira vamene kana kuti mitezo yemhuri isingashaiwi mari.

Inishuwarenzi Yeurovha

Hurumende dzinotarisira mapurogiramu einishuwarenzi yokusashanda (UI), iyo inogovera betsero yemari yechinguvana kuvashandi vanorasikirwa namabasa avo pasina mhaka yavo vamene. Chitsama chebetsero nourefu hwetsivi chinosiana zvikuru nehurumende. Zvikurukuru, betsero dzakavakirwa pachiverengero chemari inowanwa musati yavapo, inodzorwa napasa. Hurumende dzinogadzawo mitemo yavo vamene yokusashanda, yakadai seyava yawaifanira kuva washanda namakore akawanda. Mukati memaidzo dzemari, masangano anogonawo kushanda nokuda kwekuwedzera kwebetsero dzehurumende, asi UI amene unovimba inopa mari inotema. Kunzwisisa purogiramu yako yehurumende UI kunokosha kana uchimbotarisana nenzvimbo yapasi.

Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro pepurogiramu yeUI yehurumende yako, shanyira U.S. Department of Laborrest Inishuwarensi yeUSC].

Mitemo Miduku Yaunobhadharwa: Zvinonyatsoita Pamubhadharo Wako

Mitemo mishoma inobhadharwa ndiyo imwe yenzira inooneka zvikuru iyo hurumende dzinotapura nayo vashandi. Mubhadharo wakaderera wehurumende hauna kuwedzera kubvira muna 2009, asi nyika dzakawanda dzakaita mwero yadzo yakakwirira. Dzimwe nyika dzakashandisawo mibhadharo shoma inosiyana nehurumende.

Nyika Inoderera Muzera Rakafa Muna 2025

Panosvika 2025, inenge nyika 30 dzine mibhadharo mishoma zvikuru kupfuura mwero wehurumende. Somuenzaniso, California ine mubhadharo wakaderera we $16,50 (Z $6,50) nepo Washington State iri mumari iri pa $16,28. Nyika dzinoverengeka, kubatanidza Florida neNew York, dzine mwero yokukwira kwemitengo kana kuti yakarongwa kuwedzera yoga gore rimwe nerimwe. Kune rimwe divi, inenge 20 ichiri kutevera mwero wehurumende ye $7,25, kunyange zvazvo mamwe maguta ari mukati memaruwa iwayo akatora mwero yakakwirira zvikuru.

Tapuro Pavashandi Nezvemari

Mibayiro mishoma yehurumende yakaratidzwa kusimudzira mari inowanwa vashandi vanotambira mari shoma, kuderedza urombo, uye kuderedza kusaenzana kwemibhadharo. Zvisinei, vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti vanogona kutungamirira kukurasikirwa nebasa, maawa akaderedzwa, kana kuti kuwedzerwa kwemichina. Nzvero dzinokarakadza kuti wedzero dzine miuyo mishomanene yakashata pabasa, zvikurukuru mumisika miredhiro yakasimba. Kuvashandi, kuziva mubhadharo muduku munyika yako inhano mumugariro wako ndiyo nhano yokutanga mukuvimbisa kuti unobhadharwa zvakanaka. Vashandi vanofanira kuwirirana nezvose zviri zviviri Hurumende nomutemo wenyika.

Kusunungurwa uye Marudzi Chaiwo

Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira mibhadharo midukusa nokuda kwamapoka akati, yakadai savashandi vanobhadharwa mari shomanene, vadzidzi, vashandi vane urema, kana kuti avo vari pasi pe 20 mukati menhambo yokurovedza. Somuenzaniso, mari shomanene munyika dzakawanda inongova $2,13 paawa, asi dzimwe nyika dzinoda vashandirwi kubhadhara mari yakakwana pamberi pemitero. Kunokosha kunzwisisa iyi mifungo kana uchishanda mubasa rakarongeka.

Muuyo Wakaipa: Nzira Iyo Vashandirwi Vemitemo yeHurumende Vanotapura Nayo

Kunzwisisa izvi kunokosha kune vane mabhizimisi, nyanzvi dzeHR, uye munhu wose anotarisira timu.

Mitengo Yokushandisa

Kuwirirana nemurwi wakawanda(naswn) uye pane dzimwe nguva kurwisana kwemitemo yeruwa kungadhura. Vashandisi vanofanira kunyora mitemo inochinja, mabhuku okuchinja, post ziviso dzinodikanwa, uye maneja wezvitima. Kana mabhizimisi maduku ane zviwanikwa zvishoma, mutengo wokuteerera unogona kuva mutoro mukuru. Ukuwo, kutadza kutevedzera mitemo inogona kuguma nefashoni, kukwirirana, uye kukuvadziko kumbiri.

Kuhwamba Nokudzorera

Mitemo yehurumende inotapura miitiro yokupinza basa munzira dzakawanda. Somuenzaniso, nhamba iri kuwedzera yenyika yaka "bhadharisa bhokisi" mitemo inorambidza vashandirwi kubvunza pamusoro penhau dzoutsotsi pakumbiriso dzebasa dzokutanga. Mimwe ine ganhuriro pakushandisa mishumo yechikwereti kana kuti zvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga mukuroja. Iyi mitemo inovavarira kuderedza rusaruro uye kupa vashandirwi mukana wakanaka, asi inodawo kuti vagadzirise miitiro yavo yokunyoresa.

Kudzidziswa Nokufambira Mberi

Dzimwe nyika dzinoraira rovedzo yakananga nokuda kwavashandi, yakadai serovedzo yokudzivisa kunetswa kwevatano (yakarondwa muCalifornia, New York, Illinois, uye dzimwe). Vashandirwi vangadikanirwawo kugovera rovedzo yekotsekano, rovedzo inorwisana neshanje, kana kuti rovedzo yokubata pamusoro penyunyuto dzenembudzi. Izvi zvinodikanwa zvinogona kuwedzera kunguva nendyiko yokupinda muvashandi vatsva.

Kuramba Wachiteerera uye Kuchinja

Betsero dzehurumende, dzakadai sezororo remhuri rinobhadharwa kana kuti zororo rinobhadharwa, dzinogona kubetsera chaizvoizvo vashandirwi kuchengeta vashandi. Apo vashandi vanorangarira kuti nguva yavo yokusashanda inotsigirwa, vane bviro huru yokugara navashandirwi vavo. Nenzira inopesana, mune dzimwe nyika dzine dziviriro shoma, vashandi vangachinja mabasa mukutsvaka betsero dziri nani. Vashandirwi vakachenjera vanoshandisa miraudzo yehurumende sechisakiso chemari uye kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanopa betsero dzorupo zvikuru kuti vakwezve tare.

Misiyano Yoruwa: Kusiana Kunoita Mitemo yeHurumende Yako

Kuenzanisira mhatsa mumitemo yenyika, ngatitarirei mienzaniso mishomanene:

  • California ine mimwe yemitemo yeshamwari dzavashandi zvikurusa, kubatanidza mubhadharo we $16,50, zororo remhuri rinobhadharwa, kurwara, dziviriro dzakasimba dzinodzivisa kushatiswa kwegwenya, uye purogiramu yehurumende yakasimba yeOSHANA.
  • TEXS inotevera mari shoma yomubatanidzwa ye $7.25, mugariro wakarurama webasa, uye une betsero shomanene dzinorairwa. Zvisinei, ine gadziriro yavashandi yaro imene yemibhadharo neinishuwarenzi yourovha.
  • New York[[FLT: 1] ine mubhadharo muduku unosiana nenharaunda (kusvikira ku $16,0 muNew York City), purogiramu yemhuri inobhadharwa yokurega, uye mitemo yakasimba inodzivisa kusasarura iyo inobatanidza dziviriro nokuda kwokuzivikanwa kwechirume uye zvisarudzo zvoutano hwokubereka.
  • Florida nguva pfupi yapfuura yakaita mubhadharo we $15.00 kupfurikidza nokugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo uye ine mitemo yayo imene inobhadharwa yokurega kurwara munharaunda dzakati.

Kana uri kufunga zvokutamira kune rimwe basa, kuchenjera kuongorora mitemo yebasa iri munyika yako itsva.

Kumanikidza Nekodzero Dzako: Zvaunogona Kuita

Hurumende dzine mutoro wokugadza mitemo yemabasa kupfurikidza namasangano akadai sedhipatimendi rebasa rehurumende, kupesana kwehurumende kweripo ravashandi, uye kondirakiti yekodzero dzavanhu. Kana uchifunga kuti mushandirwi wako akaputsa mutemo, unogona kunyora nyunyuto nesangano rakakodzera. Nyika zhinji dzinopa kurukurirano kana kuti kunzvera mabasa pasina mutengo.

Somuenzaniso, kana usiri kugamuchira muripo muduku kana kuti muripo womuraudzo waunofanira kukwereta, unogona kunyora chikwereti nedhipatimendi rako rebasa. Kana uchifunga kuti wasarurwa, unogona kunyora pomero nesangano rehurumende rebasa rakarurama. Muzvimwe zviitiko, ungavawo nekodzero yokukwirira muridzi wako zvakananga.

Kunokoshawo kuziva mutemo wehurumende yako weganhuriro nokuda kwokunyora mashoko. Mamwe marudzi okukumbira anofanira kuchengetwa munguva pfupi, zvakadai samazuva 180 nokuda kwetsarudzo mumitemo yakati yehurumende, nepo mamwe angabvumira kusvikira kumakore matatu. Kuita nokukurumidza kunokosha.

Nguva Yemberi Yemitemo Yebasa yeHurumende

Hurumende dzinoramba dzichichinja mitemo yadzo yemabasa dzichibatsira kana zvinhu zvichichinja.Dzidziso dzinoita kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu akadai seaya:

  • Phesa kujeka — nyika dzinoverengeka zvino dzinoda vashandirwi kuzivisa mibhadharo mukutumira basa.
  • Purogiramu yokutsiva [ — Mamwe maguta nehurumende zviri kuda vashandirwi kugovera pamberi nguva ziviso dzerudungwe rwebasa uye kubhadhara zvirango nokuda kwechinjo dzokupedzisira.
  • Midziviriro yomushandi — United States iri kurwisana namarongedzero ezvirongwa zvokuvaka zvakazvimirira navashandi, kuchitapura kusvika betsero.
  • Mitemo yokurega [ — Nyika dzakawanda dziri kurangarira zororo ravabereki rinobhadharwa, zororo rokurapwa rinobhadharwa, uye zororo rokufirwa rinobhadharwa.
  • AI mukupinza basa — Dzimwe nyika dziri kudzora kushandiswa kwouchenjeri hwokusagadzira muzvisarudzo zvebasa kudzivisa rusaruro.

Kuziva zvinhu izvi kunogona kukubatsira kutarisira kuchinja kungakanganisa upenyu hwako hwebasa.

Mugumisiro: Kupiwa Simba Nokuziva

Hurumende dzinoumba upenyu hwako pabasa munzira dzisingaverengeki — kubva pamubayiro waunowana kusvikira kumigariro yekotsekano yaunoshanda nayo, uye kubva pazororo unogona kutora dziviriro dzaunadzo pakubatwa zvisina kunaka. Nepo basa remitemo yenyika richigona kuvhiringidza, kunoratidzirawo mano enyika okupindura zvinodikanwa chaizvo zvevagari vadzo. Somushandi, anonzwisisa aya mabasa anopa simba rokushandisa kodzero dzako, kukurukura mashoko ari nani, uye kuita zvisarudzo zvebasa zvinozivikanwa. Nokuda kwavashandirwi, kuziva mutemo ndiwo hwaro hwezvirongwa zvetsika uye vashandi vanosundwa.

Kuti urambe wakagadziridzwa pamitemo iri munyika yako, shanyira nzvimbo yako yepawebsite yedhipatimendi rebasa kana kuti zviwanikwa zvekunzvera zvinogoverwa ne U.S. Department of Labor’s Wage and Hour Division, iyo inochinja mamiriro ezvinhu. Nokuziva, unogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti upenyu hwako hwakarurama, hahuna ngozi, uye hunotusa.