Kunzwisisa Kusarudzwa Kwenguva Dzapakati Netapuro Yakwo Yomutemo

Midterm Sarudzo, dzinoitika munenge pakati penhambo yamakore mana yapurezidhendi, dzinomirira rimwe ramatanho anoparira zvikuru asi anowanzofuratirwa eAmerica. Nepo sarudzo dzapurezidhendi dzinodzora ngwariro yavose nebumbiro renhau, mitati ine revo huru nokuda kwemiganhu yemitemo yenyika. Iyi sarudzo inosarudza kuti ndiani anodzora Congress, iyo inoumbazve wirirano yetsika dzehurumende, jambwa remitemo, uye dzikamo yesimba pakati pamapazu ehurumende neredhipatimendi. Nokuda kwavagari vemo vanotsvaka kunzwisisa kuti kushanda kwehurumende pakati pemitemo yehurumende, nhambo yenguva yapakati peSarudzo inopa pfundo rakananga pesvedzero pamusoro pemitemo inodzora upenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Ukoshi hukuru hwesarudzo dzapakati penhambo hunobva musimba radzo rokubatanidzazve zvinhu zvezvamatongerwe enyika zveWashington. Purezidhendi angapinda muhofisi ine nharidzano dzine chinzvimbo zvikuru dzemitemo, asi kuumbwa kweCongress pakupedzisira kunosarudza kana nharidzano idzodzo dzichiva mutemo. Midters dzinobatira secherekedzo yenhambo nenhambo pasimba rapurezidhendi, kubvumira vavhoti kusimbisa kana kuti kuramba nhungamiro yokutarisira. Uku simba kunoparira kudzorwa kweAmerica uko makore maviri okutanga echinjo inowanzoona kusundira mberi kwomutemo wemitemo, nepo nguva yepashure pePrest - midter inowanzova kumira kutsika, kana kuti kumira kumirirwa pamuuyo unotsamira pakusarudzwa.

Kugadzirwa Kwemasero: Chiri Pamuti

Sarudzo iri yose yapakati penhambo inodzokororwa Imba yose yavamiririri — zvigaro zvose 435 — pamwe chete nechinenge chikamu chimwe chetatu cheDare (zvinenge 33 kana kuti 34 zvigaro). Iyi gadziriro yokuvaka inovimbisa kuti Imba, iyo inogamuchira zvakananga zvikuru kuvavhoti, inogona kuratidzira zvizere mirangariro yavose inochinja makore maviri ari ose. Dare, namashoko aro ane makore matanhatu anosundikiridzwa, rinogovera kupfuurira nepo ichiri kubvumira kuvandudza nguva nenguva. Mubatanidzwa wacho unoumba simba apo pakati penhambo imwe chete inogona kuchinja chiyero chikurusaidzo yesimba.

Kupfuura mahofisi ehurumende, sarudzo dzapakati penhambo dzakati kuti dzinobatanidzawo makwikwi makuru ehurumende neyomunzvimbomo: zvigaro zvehurumende zvokutonga, zvigaro zvehurumende, nhano dzokutonga, uye madzinza okutonga. Uku kusarudza kwakaderera kwenzvimbo dzinodzorwa kunotapura zvakananga mutemo wenzvimbo yehurumende panhau dzinovambira pakutsigira dzidzo namaruramiro okuvhota kurutsirwa ruramisiro youtsotsi nemutero. Kubatanidzwa kwesarudzo dzapakati penhambo dzose dzehurumende, kuchivaita motokari inodenha vagari vemo kuti vagadzirise mutemo unodzorwa mumativi akawanda.

Mapango ari pakati penhambo ipi neipi inoumbwa nemamiriro ezvamatongerwe enyika. Apo rimwe boka rinodzora zvose zviri zviviri purezidhendi neCongress, vashori navatsigiri vavo vanorangarira nguva yapakati sebanza rokuisa chenjero pasimba rakabatana. Nenzira yakapesana, apo udzori hunokamuraniswa, mitanhu inogona kusimbisa mugariro kana kuti kutsinhana chiyero. Uku kusaziva kuti udzokoroka kunoita kuti manhambo adzokerezve kuitwe nguva yokuchinja kwemitemo.

Kubuda Kunoita Simba Repacembrion

Chinonyanya kutapura pakati peSarudzo iko kupiwa kwesimba mukati meCongress. Kudzorwa kweImba neDare kunosarudza migove yedare, nzvimbo dzoutungamiriri, uye kurongwa kwemitemo. Voruzhinji vari mukamuri rimwe nerimwe vanodzora karenda yemitemo, vanosarudza kuti zvikweretii zvinogamuchira vhota, uye kuisa miganhu yekurukurirano. Uku kudzora kwemitemo kunoshandura zvakananga simba rezviri mukati nejambwa zvemitemo.

Apo kudzorwa kwenhambo yapakati kwekamuri rimwe kana kuti ose ari maviri, purogiramu yemitemo inogona kuchinja zvikuru. Mubato mutsva zvikurukuru unoisa nharidzano dzawo umene dzetsika, kazhinji kazhinji kudzongonyedza kana kuti kuvhara zvigaro zvedare zvakabva kuvoruzhinji. Zvigaro zvedare, zvine pesvedzero huru pamusoro pokunzwa, kunzvera, uye marusando okurumbidza, zvinogona kuchinja mativi emitemo apo zvinodzosera vamwe chose chose.

Muenzaniso Wenhau Wokurasikirwa kwaPrezidhendi

Munhau dzakaitika, boka rapurezidhendi rinenge rinorasikirwa nezvigaro nguva dzose pakati pezvisarudzo. Kubvira paHondo yevagari vemo, boka rapurezidhendi rakarasikirwa nezvigaro zvepaimba 36 zve40 pakati penhambo, neavhareji yezvigaro zvinenge 30. Izvi zvinoratidza mubatanidzwa wezvinhu: zvinotsiva zvishoma pakati pevatsigiri vapurezidhendi, kukurudzira kuvhoterwa, uye kuda kwomuzvarirwo kuti vavhoti vashandise pakati pematunhu sechigaro. Zvisingataurwi zvinobatanidza 2002, pashure pekudenha kwaSeptember 11, apo Prezidhendi George W. Bush’s awana zvigaro, uye 1998, mukati mechiito cheClinton.

Iyi nzira yenhau ine miuyo inokosha yemitemo. Purezidhendi uyo anorasikirwa netsigiro huru yesangano pakati anofanira kuchinjira kumhoteredzo yomutemo inomanikidzirwa zvikuru. Kuchinjirwa kumirairo yehurumende, zviito zvokutungamirira, uye kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kuva kuri madikanwa apo nzira yemitemo inomanikana. Chikamu chapakati nokudaro chinoshanda segadziriro inodzivisa boka rimwe ripi neripi kuchengeta simba risina kudzorwa kwenguva dzakarebeswa, kusimbisa kuparadzana kwamasimba ayo vavambi vacho vakaisa muBumbiro remitemo.

Kutora Rutivi uye Musiyano Wapakati

Rimwe ramavara anoratidzira apakati pesarudzo itsaru dzavo dzakaderera nguva dzose kana zvichienzaniswa nesarudzo yapurezidhendi. Nepo sarudzo yapurezidhendi inowanzokweva 55% kusvikira ku 65% yavavhoti vakakodzera, kubuda kwenhambo yapakati kwakavakwa munhau kubva pa 35% kusvikira ku 50%. Uyu mukaha unobuda une revo huru nokuda kwemiuyo yemitemo, nemhaka yokuti vavhoti vanoratidzira nokuda kwamazera apakati vanova vakura, vachena, vakapfuma zvikuru, uye vakanyanyisa zvikuru kupfuura vavhoti.

Sarudzo yapakati penhambo ya2018 yakaputsa uyu mutoo nokuwedzera kunoshamisa — inenge 50% yavavhoti vakakodzera yakatora rutivi, nhevedzo yapakati zvikurusa inopfuura zana ramakore. Uku kupesvedzera kwakasundwa nokuwedzera kwezvamatongerwe enyika, chishoro chikuru kuna Purezidhendi Trump, uye kuronga nhamburiko dzinoitwa namasangano ehurumende. Democraticocraticost yeHouse yakachinja purogiramu yemitemo pamusoro poutariri, kunzvera, uye miraudzo inofambira mberi, inoratidzira kubatana kwakananga pakati pokutora rutivi rwevota nenhungamiro yemitemo.

Kuverenga Nevanhu Uye Kubatanidzwa

Nzvero kubva kuPew Research Center namamwe masangano dzinoratidza nguva dzose kuti vavhoti venhambo nenhambo havasati vari vamiriri vavagari vemo vose. Vavhoti vakura, zvikurukuru avo vanopfuura makore 65, vanotora mwero yakakwirira zvikuru pakati pomunenge mavhoti. Vavhoti vakadzidza pakoreji vanopeta mwero unopeta nakaviri mwero weavo vasina dhipurofiti yechikoro chapamusoro. Uku kusawirirana kunoreva kuti migumisiro yepakati penhambo dzapakati penhambo dzinoratidzira zvidimbudzo zviduku zvevhoti zvevavhoti dzehurumende kupfuura zvisarudzo zvapurezidhendi.

Nhamburiko dzokuvhara mukaha wekuvhota dzakabatanidza kunyoresa kwokuvhota kwokuzvidira, kuwedzerwa kwokuvhota kwapakuvamba, uye mitemo yokunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero. Mitemo inogamuchira iyi inowanzova inoona kutora rutivi kwakakwirira pakati penhambo, ukowo kunoparira masangano emitemo ayo anosanoratidzira zvinodikanwa zvikuru zvavanhu. Mapoka echikoro avana vamabhinya seBrennan Center for Justice paNew York University School of Law akanyora kuwirirana kwakananga pakati pemitemo yokuvhota uye kuwedzerwa kwemitemo, zvikurukuru pakati pemapoka enhau anowanika pasi pezvipo.

Miuyo Yomutemo Nechirongwa cheMitemo

Kuumbwa kweCongress pashure penhambo yapakati kunoumba zvakananga purogiramu yemakore maviri asara echiito chapurezidhendi. Hurumende yakabatana — umo boka rapurezidhendi rinodzora makamuri ose ari maviri — inogonesa nhano dzezvirongwa zvehurumende dzine chinzvimbo, kubva pakuchinja kukuru kwezvoutano kusvikira kumari inonyanyova inodzorwa. Nenzira inopesana, hurumende yakakamukana inowanzoita kuti pave newirirano yemitemo, ichimanikidza purezidhendi kutsamira pachiito chomukuru wehurumende kana kuti kutsvaka zvibvumirano zviduku panhau shomanene dzenharo.

Funga nezvemienzaniso chaiyo: Pashure penguva ya2010, maRepublican awana udzori hweImba yacho nemubatanidzwa wenhau we63 wema6. Izvi zvakachinja chirongwa chemitemo kubva pakushandiswa kweAffordhable Care Act uye kudzorwa kwemari pakushandisa zvibvumirano, kutarisira vatarisiri veObama, uye nhamburiko dzokudzosa mutemo wezvoutano. Kutanga kwemitemo kukuru kubva kuObama White House kwakaguma pashure pa2010, zvibvumirano zvebipartisan panhau dzakangoganhurirwa chete semawero yemanyuko yevhu nemitero.

Nenzira yakafanana, 2018 nhanho yapamberi pa2018 yakaita kuti Democrates atore Imba nemhindu ye 40 yezvokudya, inoguma nokudzora kwakabatana kweRepublica. Nzvimbo yemitemo yakachinja kubva pakuderedza mitero nokudzorwa kwemitero kukurukurirano yegadziriro yenzvimbo, kupiwa kwemirimo inobvumirwa nomutemo, uye kutevedzerwa. Dare, iro rakaramba richidzorwa neRepublican, rakashanda sechisarudzo pamitemo inofambira mberi inopfuudzwa nePuganda, yakaguma nesimba rakakamuraniswa iro mitemo mitsva mitsva yakaganhurirwa asi yakaita mubato mukuru wokutarisira.

Kuchinja - chinja Kwepfungwa, Kubvumirana Pane Zvisina Kufanira, uye Kubudirira Kwomutemo

Ukama pakati pemiuyo yapakati penhambo nekuita chibvumirano chemitemo hahuna kujeka. Hurumende yakakamukana inogona kuita mutemo une revo apo mativi ose ari maviri anowana chikonzero chimwe chetecho, sezvinoratidzirwa nokuchinja garikano muma 1990 pasi paPurezidhendi Clinton neRepublican Congress, kana kuti ruramisiro youtsotsi inochinja pasi paPurezidhendi Trump neCongress yakakamukana muna 2018. Nenzira inopesana, hurumende yakabatana haivimbisi budiriro yomutemo, sezvo mapoka omukati anogona kuva anodzivisa serwisano.

Masayendisiti ezvamatongerwe enyika akafunda migariro umo chiitwa chemitemo chinoitwa pasinei zvapo nehurumende yakakamukana. Zvinhu zvikuru zvinobatanidza dzvinyiriro yavose yechiito panhau dzinopesana, kuvapo kwemibatanidzwa yemichinjikwa pamiitiro yakananga, uye chiverengero chamabupartis kuti zviitwa zvinobetsera mativi ose ari maviri pabhokisi rebhorati. Sarudzo yemitemo inobatira sepfundo rokudzosera iro rinogona kugonesa kana kuti kumisa aya masimba, kuchitsamira pamicheto yemicheto yemitemo uye kuumbwa kwechirongwa cheBharoundation Congresssion.

Nhau Huru Dzinofananidzira Kusarudza

Sarudzo dzenguva dzose dzinorwiwa pamusoro penhau dzemitemo dzinowirirana navavhoti ndokurondedzera hondo dzemitemo dzichauya. Nepo nhau dzakananga dzichichinja nenhambo yesarudzo imwe neimwe, mapoka akati nguva dzose anodzora hurukuro yepakati penhambo nenhambo.

Muitiro Wemari Nezvinhu Zvinokosheswa Panzvimbo Yenhando

Mugariro wezvemari unoramba uri nhau inokosha zvikurusa nokuda kwavavhoti vazhinjisa munguva yesarudzo. Kukura kwemari, kukwira kwamabasa, uye kubhadharwa kunotapura zvakananga zvakanaka zvemhuri, kuchiita kuti vadzore vane simba pabhokisi remari. Voters vashandise mitatime kuti varatidzire gutsikano kana kuti kukangaidzikano nedzoudzori hwemari, uko kunochinja kurongwa kwemitemo yemitero, kupedza zvinhu zvinokosha, kurukurirano dzezvikwereti, uye kurukurirano dzemitengo. 20222, somuenzaniso, vakapesvedzerwa zvikuru nenhau dzemitengo, kutungamirira kukurukurirano dzemitemo pamusoro pesimba, nhevedzano yezvokudzora, uye chirango.

Kutarisira Utano Kuchinja Nokuwana

Kutarisira utano nguva dzose kunoisa mativi apamusoro pakati pezvinoshuviwa navavhoti venguva yapakati. Nharo pamusoro peAffordble Care Act, Medicaid futunuko yemirimo inotenderwa, uye kubhadharwa kweinishuwarenzi zvinobatanidza vavhoti pamativi ose ari maviri ezvamatongerwe enyika. Mindterm inotema kana muitiro wezvoutano uchipfuurira kukukura kana kuti kusunvuka. 2018 mitaro, somuenzaniso, yakaumbwa zvikuru nenhamburiko yeRepublican Republic yokudzora ACCA, iyo yakabatanidza DDEmocratic Covotation ndokupa kuImba yebato. Miteopera, kubatanidza kukura kwepfuutsa kupfuutsa nokuchinja kwemitengo yemirimo yemirimo yemirimo yemirimo yemirimo yemari, yakaratidzira chiyero chakachinjwa.

Kutama uye Kuchengeteka Mumuganhu

Gadziriro yokubatanidza inoramba iri nhau inokamuranisa zvikuru inooneka zvikuru munhimbe dzapakati. Miuyo yomutemo pakutama inotsamira zvikuru paidzoro yebato inodzorwa neCongress. Makurusa eRepublica anowanzoisa miganhu yechengeteko yemuganhu, mari yokushandisa, uye ganhuriro pakupinda munyika kwapamutemo, nepo Democratic mitutis inonangidzira ngwariro panzira dzokuva vagari vemo, dziviriro dzeDhemocratic nokuda kweDreyers, uye gadziriro yokuvanda inogadziridza. 20222 yakawana kubuda senhau huru yeRepublication, ichipesvedzera kurukurirano yemitemo yemitemo yedzonga nero yezvokudzora.

Kuchinja Kwemhoteredzo Nokudzikamisa Kwemamiriro Okunze

Nhau dzemhoteredzo dzazova chinhu chikuru zvikuru kurusarudzo rwapakati penhambo, zvikurukuru sezvo kuziva mamiriro okunze kwakura. Boka rinodzora mamiriro okunze rinotema kana mirau yemhoteredzo ichisimbiswa, ichineteswa, kana kuti ichichengetwa. Mitemo yeDemocratic inosimudzira kurudziro dzamagetsi dzakachena, kuderedzwa kwechaunga, uye misengwa yemhoteredzo yenyika yose, nepo migariro mikuru yeRepublica yeIslation Reduction Act yaidzorwa pasi peDramacratic uye inoenzanisira kuti muitiro wemhoteredzo yapakati penyika unowanzoisa sei mamiriro ezvinhu epasi anouya.

Kuchengeteka Kwenyika uye Kushandiswa Kwedzimwe Nyika

Kunyange zvazvo muitiro wokumwe uchiwanzoonekwa senzvimbo yapurezidhendi, Congress inoshandisa pesvedzero huru kupfurikidza nezvisarudzo zvemari, kubatanidzwa kwechibvumirano, kutarisirwa kwemabasa ouchenjeri, uye simba rokuzivisa hondo. Sarudzo dzeMidterm dzinogona kuchinja maitiro okumwe eUnited States kupfurikidza nokuchinja kuti ipanongedzei simba remitemo panhau dzehurumende panhau dzenyika. Kukakavadzana pamusoro pekubatanidzwa kwehondo, kutengeswa kwezvombo, zvibvumirano, uye kubatana zvose zvinopesvedzerwa nemugadziri weCongress. Sarudzo ye2006, somuenzaniso, yakabudisa chikamu chikuru cheDmocratic reDravity icho chinosunda nguva yokurega kuIraq muIraq, chikachinja purogiramu yehurumende yokumwe nyika yeU.

Basa Romugari Wemo Mukudzika Mitemo Nenguva

Nokuda kwevagari vemo vamwe navamwe, sarudzo dzapakati penhambo dzinomirira rimwe ramabanza akananga zvikurusa okupesvedzera nhungamiro yomutemo wehurumende nehurumende. Kusafanana nesarudzo yapurezidhendi, umo mukundi anomirira mubatanidzwa mukuru uye kazhinji kazhinji anodzora ari pakati, nhambo dzapakati dzinobvumira vavhoti kutumira zviratidzo zvakati kuti pamusoro pezvinodikanwa zvemitemo kugadziriro yakaganhurirwa yavamiriri. Mugari wemo anovhota pakati peSarudzo ane pesvedzero huru zvikuru pamusoro pechirongwa chokupedzisira cheCongress pane muvhotarori anongova bedzi muvhotarori wemapresidenti, nemhaka bedzi yokuti vanhu vashomanene ndivo vanosarudza.

Kubatanidzwa pakati peSarudzo kunopfuura kuvhura. Vagari vakadzidza vanogona kunzvera marekodhi okuvhota avada kuvhota, kupinda misangano yehoro yomutaundi, kutora rutivi mudanho, uye kubetsera kunhimbe dzakawiriraniswa nemitemo yavo. Marudzi omunzvimbomo neomugariro wenyika, ayo anowanzosarudzwa nemicheto mitete zvikuru mumakore apakati penguva, anogona kusvikika zvikuru kupesvedzero yavagari vemo. Mazana mashomanene amavhota anogona kusarudza muuyo wedzinza rehurumende remitemo, iro mukuchinja mirariro yetsika yetsika pamitengo yedzidzo, zviteshi, miganhuro yedzimba, uye kuvhotera.

Kuchengeta vakuru vakuru vanozvidavirira ndirimwe basa rinokosha rokutora rutivi pakati penhambo. Shoko ramakore maviri reImba rinoreva kuti vamiriri vanotarisana navavhoti kazhinji kazhinji, vachitanga muitiro wokuzvidavirira kwokukurumidza pamavhoti emitemo nenzvimbo dzemitemo. Vagari vanoronda kuti vamiriri vavo vanosarudza sei pamutemo mukuru vanogona kushandisa nguva dzapakati kutusa kana kuti kuranga zvisarudzo izvozvo. Uku kuzvidavirira kunovimbisa kuti vatongi varambe vachigamuchira magariro avo, kunyange murondedzero, uye kugovera mukoto wakarongwa wezvigaro zvevagari vemo mumuitiro womutemo.

Masangano akadai seLeague of Women Voters, Vote.org, uye Ballotia anopa vagari vemo zvinhu zvokunzwisisa zviri mungozi munguva yokusarudza, kunyoresa kuti vavhote, uye kudzidza nezvevanoda kuzoenda kuzoona kana kuti zvirongwa zvokuvhota. Zvishandiso izvi zvisiri zvechechi zvinobatsira kuvhara mukaha wemashoko unowanzova pakati penguva yokuenda kwegore, zvichiita kuti vamwe vagari vemo vagone kuita zvisarudzo vachiziva pabhokisi rebhorati.

Kupedzisa: Mitengo Sechidzoro cheDemocratic

Sarudzo dzeMidter dzine nzvimbo yechienzi mutsika yezvamatongerwe enyika yeAmerica. Vanoshaiwa chinoitika nechekuchinja kukuru kwesarudzo yapurezidhendi, bva vane pesvedzero huru pamusoro pechinhu chaichoicho chezuva kusvikira kuzuva remitemo nokudzora. Kupfurikidza nokugadzazve dzikamo yesimba muCongress, mitezo inoumba nhevedzano inodzokororwa inodzokoroka, ichimanikidzira vose vari vaviri purezidhendi nebazu rewiro kuti vadavire kuzvisarudzo zvinochinja. Iyi sangano inovimbisa kuti hakuna mubatanidzwa mumwe wezvamatongerwe enyika unogona kuisa muConstanch imene nokusingaperi, ichichengeta dzvinyiriro inodzokaidzikano inodzoka iyo vatendi veSangano yeMitemo yemitemo yakaro.

Nokuda kwavagari vemo, chidzidzo chakajeka: mhoteredzo, uye chengeteko yorudzi — zvinotapura rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hweAmerica. Kubatanidzwa nesarudzo dzapamberi pezvisarudzo zvapurezidhendi kuri kuparira budiriro inobudirira pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvizhinji zvemitemo zvichaitwa pakati pemashoko apurezidhendi. Nhau dzinorondedzera mitauro yeminuro yemari, gadziriro youtano, kugariswa, mhoteredzo, uye kuchengetwa kwerudzi — dzinobata rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hweAmerica. Kubatanidzwa nesarudzo yapakati yemitengo isati iri basawo zvavagari vemo asi chisarudzo chapamutemo nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoda kuti inzwi ravo rinzwiwe mumuitiro unopfuurira wokuita mutemo. Sezvo anosvika, kunzwisisa chiri pakati petaro, kurangarira kubatanidzwa kusara chinoramba chiri chishandiso chine simba zvikurusa chinowanika kuumba nyika yenyika yenyika yenyika.