Kusimbisa kunyoresa kwakanaka muvhoti ichinhu chikuru chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inoshanda. Icho ndicho chigadziko icho vagari vemo vakakodzera vanoshandisa nacho maruramiro avo kusarudza vamiriri vavo ndokuumba gadziriro yavanhu. Hurumende kupota nyika yose dzinoshandisa gadziriro yakaoma yemitemo, mitemo, uye miitiro yokudzora yakagadzirirwa kuita kuti muvhoti anyoreswe zviri zviviri zvinowanika uye zvakakotseka, kudzivirira kusashanda uku achidzivirira utsotsi. Nyaya ino inonzvera miitiro inokosha negadziriro hurumende dzinoshandisa kuvimbisa kuti mugari wemo ari wose anokwanisa kunyoresa kuvhota pasina rusaruro kana kuti ganhuriro dzisina kufanira.

Mabasa Okuita Zvinhu Apamutemo Nevimbiso Dzebumbiro Remitemo

Nheyo dzekunyoresa zvakanaka dziri mugadziriro dzakasimba dzemitemo. Nyika dzakawanda dzinopa kodzero yokuvhota mumabumbiro emitemo adzo kana kuti kupfurikidza nomutemo wenyika wakawanda. Somuenzaniso, Constitution’s United States’s Voting Rights Act inorambidza kusarura kwedzinza muvhota, nepo National Voter Legation Act ya 1993 (Mor Voter Act) inoraira kuti zvibvumiro izvo zvinopa kuvhotera kuvhotera pamasangano erezigi kana kuti mamwe mahofisi evoreji. Nenzira yakafanana, chiI. iNada Evostates [[FFF: 0] Acts Act [[FLT: 1] yomutemo yakajeka nokuda kwechipoka uye kuisa migariro inodzorwa yapamutemo. Zvibvumirano zvehurumende zvinobvumidza kubvumira nguva dzose kuti nyika iyi ishanduko itsva yehurumende ishande.

Nzira Dzakawanda Dzokunyoresa: Kuwanwa Mumuitiro

Gadziriro imwe yokunyoresa haigoni kubetsera vagari vose zvinobudirira.Saka hurumende dzinogadzira mikana mizhinji yokuti muvhoti anyorese kuti agone kutarisira zvinodiwa zvakasiyana - siyana.

  • Pakunyoresa kwapamutengi - Masuo eweb akachengeteka anobvumira vagari vemo kunyoresa kana kuti kuvandudza udzame hwavo panguva ipi neipi, kuchideredza kudikanwa kwezvimiro zvekufamba nepepa. Maruwa akawanda muU.S.S., maruwa eCanada, uye mabasa eUK ava kupa zvinosarudzwa paIndaneti kupfurikidza nezviratidzo zvemichina kana kuti manyuro ehurumende.
  • Kunyoresa mumitemo yakagadzwa [[FL:1] - hofisi dzemitemo, maraibhurari avose, mabhuresi eraibhuresi okutyaira, uye nzvimbo dzebasa remanisiparati inogovera kunyoresa kufamba. Iyi chisarudzo chinoramba chiri chinokosha nokuda kwaavo vasina kugona kurava paInternet kana kuti kurava namano.
  • nyoresa mameyi [ - zvimiro zvePapu zvinowanika kupfurikidza nechikumbiro kana kuti panzvimbo dzavose zvinogonesa vagari vemo kunyoresa neposvo. Uyu mutoo unokosha zvikurukuru nokuda kwavanhu vanogara munharaunda dziri kure, avo vane urema, kana kuti vanhu vanoda nyorerano dzegamuchidzanwa.
  • Kunyoresa kwokuvhota kusingashandisiwi. [AVR] - Chinjo inowedzera yakakurumbira umo vagari vemo vakakodzera vanonyoreswa vamene apo vanobata namasangano ehurumende (g., Department of Motor Vehicles, masangano enzanga). United dzakafanana neOregon, California, uye Vermont dzakashandisa AVR, zvinowedzera zvikuru mwero yokunyoresa pakati pamapoka ari pasi.
  • Kunyoresa kwezuva reSame - Kubvumira vagari vemo kunyoresa nokuvhota pazuva rimwe chetero, pangava pakuvhota kwapakuvamba kana kuti pazuva resarudzo rimene. Uyu muitiro unobvisa mhinganidzo inowirirana yemiganhu yokunyoresa. Nyika dzakafanana neSweden, Canada (pamwero wehurumende bedzi nekero yekero), uye U.S. inotaura zvakadai seMinnesota, Cincillan, uye New Hampreshi inoshandisa kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chete kuti iongedze kutora rutivi.

Nzira dzokunyoresa dzinoparadzanisa dzinoita kuti vagari vemo vane purogiramu dzakasiyana - siyana, mano okunyama, kana kuti nzvimbo dzakasiyana - siyana vatsigire.Hurumende dzinofanirawo kugovera betsero yomutauro, shanduro, uye vatungamiriri vanosarudza mumitauro yakawanda kuti vakurire mhinganidzo dzokurava nokunyora uye mutauro.

Kukurukura Zvipingamupinyi: Kubvisa Zvipingamupinyi Pakunyoresa

Kunyange zvazvo pane nzira dzakawanda dzokunyoresa, mhinganidzo dzegadziriro dzinopfuurira.

Rudzi uye Kubatsira Pakudzidza

Zvinyorwa zvokunyoresa zvinofanira kuwanika mumitauro inotaurwa nezvikamu zvinokosha zvevavhoti. MuUnited States, Chibvumirano cheVoting Rights chinoda betsero yemitauro miviri muvagari vemo vakawanda vanotaura Chingelezi. Canada inogadzira zvinhu mumitauro inopfuura 20, uye UK Electoral Commission inogovera nhungamiro mumitauro mizhinji nezvinyorwa zvinowanika. Kuverenga kwemitemo kunovimbisa kuti zvimiro hazvina kuoma zvikuru. Panoturikira vaShona uye pafoni dzinopisa dzinobatsirazve kuva vavhokeri veChirungu chiNgezi.

Kumanikidzwa uye Kuwanika Kwevanhu Vakaremara

Hurumende dzinoisa mitero yokunyoresa zvinhu zvinobvumirwa kunyoreswa. Izvi zvinosanganisira mawheelchair speed, matende okunyoresa akakura, uye mahomwe epaIndaneti anoshanda nevaravi vemakombiyuta.

Kuendeswa Kunzanga Dziri Kure uye Dzisina Kuchengetedzwa

Mayuniti okunyoresa nemotokari – mavhani echinguvana – kuenda kunzvimbo dzomumaruwa, zvivako zvekoreji, zviitiko zvenzanga, uye nzvimbo dzomunharaunda dzine mwero yokunyoresa yakaderera. MuCanada, Ecostation Canada inogadzira mapoka okunyoresa anofambiswa mundima dzokuchamhembe nenzanga dzeMarudzi okutanga. Nenzira yakafanana, UK inoronga “Munyoresi wokuenda Vote” nhimbe kuti vafambi vaende kumaraibhurari, nzvimbo dzebasa, uye masangano anobatsira. Pamusuo kuenda kumikova nevanonyoreswa basa kana kuti vashandi vesarudzo vanobatsira kusvika vagari vemo vasina kunyoreswa uye vangangopinda muvharanzi.

Mhinganidzo Dzemari Nenguva

Hurumende hadzifaniri kukumbira vagari vemo kubhadhara mitero yokuvhota kana kuti kutora nguva. Hurumende dzinobvisa mitero yokuvhota uye dzinovimbisa kuti kunyoresa kwepaIndaneti kunoderedza ndyiko dzenguva, uye kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero kunobvisa kudikanwa kwokuronga. Mahofisi esarudzo akawanda anopawo manheru nemaawa okupera kwevhiki kuti zvikwaniswe. Kubvisa zvinodikanwa zvisina kufanira zvegadziriro yebhizimisi (mr., zvirevo zvine revo) inzira yokuderedza nayo miganhurikidzo yemari yezvinenge zvaderera pakuwana vagari vemo vasingagoni kugadzira mari kana kuti kubereka.

Kukurukura Kusava Nepamba Nevanhu Vari Kuchinja

Kushaikwa kwekero yakagadzwa hakufaniri kudzivisa kunyoresa. Miganhu mizhinji inobvumira vanhu vasina misha kunyoresa vachishandisa kero yepokugara, korona yemugwagwa, kana kuti kero yetarisiro yakasarudzwa. UK inobvumira kunyoreswa ne “nzvimbo yokugara". iyo ingava bhenji romupaki kana kuti nzvimbo chaiyo. Komishoni yeAustralia inopa nhungamiro kuvavhoti. Dzimba idzi dzinovimbisa kuti vagari vemo vanorarama vasina pokugara vachengete kodzero yavo yokuvhota.

Kuchengetedza Mari: Kururama, Kuva Woga, uye Kuvimba Navo

Gadziriro yakanaka yokunyoresa inoda mapepa evavhoti akarurama anobatanidza bedzi vagari vemo vakakodzera. Mapepa anochengetwa zvakashata anogona kutungamirira kukushatisa (vavhoti vanobvira vanobviswa nenzira isiriyo) kana kuti kubiridzira (kuvhota kusingabvumiki). Hurumende dzinoshandisa mitoo inoverengeka kuchengeta perero yenhevedzo dzezvirongwa zvevavhoti.

Kukudziridza Nokupfeka Masero

Mirairo yegore negore yeUK inotumira zvimiro zvekunyoresa kumhuri imwe neimwe kusimbisa kugara. MuCanada, Econsucts Canada inoshandisa National Register of Electers, yakavandudzwa kupfurikidza namazita okubvumirana nesangano rehurumende, mapepa okutenderwa, uye makero emotokari. U.S. inoshandisa kuchinja kwePresal Service kwemishoni yemitepiyuta uye mamwe manyuko kuisa mireza inobvira. Zvisinei, dziviriro dzinodzorwa dzinodzivisa kubvisa zvisina kufanira. Pasi peU. National Voter Register Active, kubvisa hakugoni kuitika nemhaka yokukundikana kwevhota, uye kudzosafanira kugovera mukana wokunyoresa.

Kuoneka uye Kutarisira Kworuzhinji

Kuoneka mukugadziridzwa kwemapepa kunovaka chivimbo chavose. Hurumende dzinowanzobudisa nhamba inosarurwa panhamba yavavhoti vakanyoreswa, kubvisa, uye kuwedzera kutsva. Komishoni dzerusarudzo dzeIndependent, dzakadai seUK Electoral Commission neScommission yeCanada, kuitisa bvunzurudzo nokuongorora. MuEU, nyika dzinofanira kuisa mashoko okuvhota kuti dzitarisire. Independent, vatendi, vanobudisa nhau, uye masangano enzanga anogona kuwana muitiro wacho kuti zvive nechokwadi chokuti kubvisa kusasarura kana kuti kupesvedzera kwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kudzivirirwa Pachivande

Mashoko okunyoresa anotapurika. Hurumende dzinoshandisa matanho akasimba okudzivirira mashoko, akadai sokunyora mashoko paIndaneti, kuganhurirwa kwokuwana mashoko emunhu oga, uye gadziriro dzisingazivikanwi dzinoitirwa vanhu vanobatwa zvisina kufanira mumusha (muchib., mapurogiramu okunyoresa akavanzika). EU yeGeneral Data Protection Regatempliation (GDPR) inoshanda kumashoko anovhota munyika dziri nhengo, ichida kubvumira kwakananga uye kuganhurirwa kwechinangwa.

Ruzivo Nechengeteko Mugadziriro Dzokunyoresa

Zvisinei, ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu runofanira kushandiswa nokungwarira kuti rusaunza miganhu mitsva kana kuti kukanganisa.

Nzvimbo Dzine Mashoko Okunyoresa Nemagetsi (ERIC)

MuUnited States, masangano anobatira pamwe kupfurikidza neERIC, mari isingashandisi purofiti inoshandisa mashoko akafanana kuzivisa kunyoresazve, vhoti vakafa, uye vanhu vamwe navamwe vakatamira mumativi enyika. Iyi gadziriro inovandudza kururama nepo inowirirana nemitemo yehurumende yakavanzika. United States seColorado neWashington dzakaona kuvandudzika kukuru mukunyoresa kuvimbika kubvira pakukumbanira ERIC.

Mirangariro Yokutungamirira Yakapinzwa

Mamwe masangano ari kunzvera ruzivo rwokunzvera kuti asapinda muvhoti nokuda kwokusatendeseka kwayo nemativi okuchengeteka. Nepo vatyairi vendege munzvimbo dzakadai seWest Virginia neguta reSwiss reZug vakaratidza bviro yokuva nechokwadi chakachengeteka, chekuvhota kwakajeka. Zvisinei, kujeka nokuwana pamutemo kunoramba kuri denho.

Kudzivirira Mapepa Nezvirongwa Zvokubatsirana

Kana zvikakundikana mune zvounyanzvi kana kuti kudzorwa kwekombiyuta, hurumende dzinochengeta gadziriro dzokuchengetera mapepa. Chinenge chinyorwa chimwe chepepa chomuvhoti ari wose akanyoreswa chinofanira kuvapo panze pasina kombiyuta. Vakuru vakuru vemitemo nguva dzose vanoedza gadziriro dzekuchengetera nokuongorora kuti vaone kana ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu ruchizoramba kuvhota.

Mipimo Yamarudzi Ose Nemienzaniso Yakaenzana

Nyika yose ine hanya nokunyoresa zvakanaka kwevavhoti, uye hurumende dzinogona kudzidza pane zvakabudirira uye zvakakundikana mumwe nomumwe.

Kunyoresa Kuchimanikidzirwa kweAustralia

Australia inoda vagari vose vakakodzera kunyoresa vhoti nomutemo. Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) inoshingaira kuvandudza rugwaro rwacho ruchishandisa mashoko kubva kumanyuko akawanda ehurumende uye inoitisa muitiro wokunyoresa unopfuurira. Nemwero inopfuudzira 90%, Australia inoratidzira kuti kunyoreswa kwehurumende kwakabatanidzwa nemisero yapamutemo kunogona kusvika pedyo nokunyoreswa kwese.

Bhigishopi yeNational of Erecters yeCanada

Sangano reCanada rinonyanya kuzivikanwa nokushandisa kwarakaita mashoko okuudza masangano ehurumende akadai seCanada Revenue Agency nezviremera zvokubuda kwevanhu vanopinda munyika.

Bhishopi Yavanhu Yakakasharara yeSweden

Sweden inoshandisa nhamba yevagari vemo imwe chete inobatanidza nhamba yokunyoresa, kero, uye kuva mugari wemo. Chiremera chesarudzo chinongoerekana chatora ndaza yevhoti kubva paiyi chinyorwa chapakati pasina kuda kunyoreswa kwevhoti kwakasiyana. Izvi zvinobvisa zvikanganiso zvokunyoresa uye zvinovimbisa kuti vanenge 100% yevagari vemo vakakodzera. Zvisinei, kunyoresa kwacho kunoda kuti nyika dzose dzisave negadziriro yakabatana.

Kunyoresa Kwezvibvumirano muIndia

India, hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu hurusa munyika, yakaita fambiro mberi huru mukunyoresa kwakarurama kupfurikidza neEcommution Commission of India. Mapoka okunyoresa amota, paIndaneti, uye gadziriro yenyika yekadhi rekuvhota (EPIC) yakakudza kunyoresa pakati pevagari vomunyika vari kure nevomumaruwa. Kugadziridzwa kwechikamu chenguva pfupi nerongedzero chaiyo nokuda kwenzanga dzakaderedzwa (g., vanhu vasina misha, vashandi vanotama) vanobetsera kuchengeta mapepa akazara.

Rwanda uye Kuzivikanwa Kwayo

Rwanda inoshandisa gadziriro yokuvhota yakasiyana inobatanidza muvhoti weminwe nemifanikiso, ichideredza ngozi yokudzokorora marekodhi nekuedzesera. Gadziriro yakarumbidzwa nokuda kwokushanda kwayo zvakanaka neperero, asi vatsoropodzi vanocherekedza kuti kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu kwakaoma kungagona kubvisa vagari vemo vemichina yemajere. Kudzikamisa chengeteko nemuitiro kunoramba kuri denho.

Kupinda uye Dzidzo: Kusvika Mapoka Anomiririrwazve

Kunyange kana zvichinzi kunyoresa kuripo, vagari vemo vakawanda havanyoresi nokuti havazivi kuti zvinhu izvi zvichaitwa sei kana kuti havanzwi vachikurudzirwa.

Kushandira Pamwe Nenzanga Yavagari Vemo

Hurumende dzinowanzotsigira kana kuti mubiyake namasangano asiri ehurumende kuti atungamirire basa rokuvhota. MuU.S., mapoka akafanana neLeague of Women Voters neNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) anoshanda navakuru vakuru vesarudzo kunyoresa vavhoti panzvimbo dzenzanga, machechi, uye mitambo. MuIndia, Ecom Commotion Commission inobata pamwe neNGOs kuti vanyorese vvunganidzi munharaunda dzemadzinza.

Kushanda Nezvinobudisa Mashoko uye Zvemagetsi

Mahofisi akawanda esarudzo anochengetedza Twitter, Istagram, uye Facebook. Kushandiswa kwemashoko okunyoresa, akadai semabvunzurudzo kana kuti makarenda okunyoresa paIndaneti, anogona kuita kuti vechiduku vazvinyorese.

Zvirongwa Zvokunyoresa zveChikoro NeCollege

Hurumende dzakawanda dzinokurudzira kunyoresa mumakirasi epamusoro kana kuti pazviitiko zvokutungamirira kukoreji.National Voter Religiod Act yeUnited States inoda kuti nyika dzinyorese muzvikoro zvepamusoro uye muzvikoro zveyunivhesiti.MuUK, mayunivhesiti anowanzotanga mapepa okunyoresa mukati mevhiki itsva.

Kupindwa Munharaunda Dzakaganhurirwa

Rusaruraganda rwenhau dzakaita kuti mapoka akawanda evashoma asavimbe nemiitiro yokunyoresa kwehurumende. Zvirongwa zvokubhadharira zvakananga zvakagadzirirwa nzanga dzevagari vemo, madzinza mashoma, uye aichimbova akasungwa zvinobatsira kuvakazve kuvimba. MuCanada, INational Services Canada inoshanda nezvikwata zvokutanga kunyoresazve uye zviteshi zvinovhota. MuU.S., mapoka echibharo akaita seAmerican Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) anonangidzira ngwariro pakubhalisa vanhu vakambosungwa, vazhinji vavo vanodavira zvisizvo kuti vanorambidzwa zvachose kuvhota.

Kutarisira Nokunyunyuta Kwouzvimiriri

Kuti dzichengete ruramisiro, hurumende dzinofanira kugovera mikoto yakazvimirira kuti vagari vemo vaudze zvinetso zvokunyoresa ndokutsvaka vagadzirisi.

Masangano Okusarudza Nevatongi

Hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu zhinjisa dzine masangano azvimirira anotarisira kunyoresa nokupedza makakatanwa. Somuenzaniso, UK Electoral Commission inogadza mipimo ndokunzvera nyunyuto. Hofisi yeCanada yeMutungamiriri weElectora inoshanda nokuzvimirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika. MuIndia, Ecomtion Commission ine chiremera chebumbiro remitemo kuvimbisa sarudzo yakasununguka neyakarurama, kubatanidza bvunzurudzo dzekunyoresa. Iyi mitumbi ine simba rokuraira zviito, inoisa fashoni pamasangano asiri echikwata, kana kuti kunongedzera mhaka nokuda kwokukwirira mhaka.

Mabharakiti Anogovera Maturakiti uye Kunyoresa

Mumativi akawanda, kana mugari wemo achidavira kuti akakodzera asi zita rawo haripo mumarobhoti, vanogona kukanda fomu repeta pazuva resarudzo. Roat rinoverengwa gare gare pashure pokuva nechokwadi chokunyoresa. U.S. inogovera iyi dziviriro pasi peHealp America Vote Act. muCanada, vavhota vanogona kunyoresa pabvunzo uye kuvhota nokukurumidza kana vakagovera ID yakafanira.

Kutonga Kwepamutemo uye Kuongorora Kutonga

Vagari vemo vanogona kudenha mitemo yokunyoresa mudare.

Kunatsiridzwa Kunopfuurira Nenhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi

Kunyoresa kwakanaka kunoitwa nomuvhoti hakusi kubudirira kwenguva imwe asi muitiro unopfuurira wokunatsiridzwa. Hurumende dziri kugamuchira ruzivo rutsva rwezvinhu, kurongazve mitemo, uye kuongorora zvirongwa zvevatyairi vendege kuti dzideredze dzimwe mhinganidzo.

  • Kuwedzera kwokunyoresa kusiri kwepamutemo: Nyika dzakawanda dziri kufamba kuenda kunzvimbo yegadziriro dzakasarudzwa, nokudaro dzichinyoresa vanenge vavhoti vose vakakodzera kupfurikidza napaakarongwa.
  • Miitiro yemichina yekutanga [[FLT: 1]: Nokupinda kwemafoni, zviremera zvesarudzo zviri kugadzira apps dzinobvumira kunyoresa kwakachengeteka neivhota ID kuva rechokwadi (imo, e-parevercy ne-id yeserura) yeEstonia.
  • Kuchinja kwepondemic: COVOID-19 yakakurumidzisa fariro mukusabhalisa kwemavhoti namatsamba, izvo zvinoda kuva nechokwadi chakasimba nechiratidzo.
  • Tsvakatanuro nemirairo yamanyoro [[FLT: 1]: Hurumende zvino dzinokasha dzidzo dzinodzorwa pamiganhu yokunyoresa, yakadai seU.S. Conficition Applice Commission yeMishumo yegore negore yedenho dzokunyoresa. Mapfundo aya amaidi anozivisa chinjo.

Kuwana mari mugadziriro dzesarudzo, kubatanidza kunyoresa, kunozivikanwa zvikuru sechinhu chinokosha nokuda kwokusimba kwehurumende.