Kukosha Kwokuchengetedza Nhumbi

Chengeteko yeSarudzo haisiwo hayo itiro hanya younyanzvi nejeri rehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Pasina dziviriro dzakasimba, muitiro wose wevhota unova mungozi yokushandiswa zvisina kufanira, kungava kupfurikidza nokurwisa kwekombiyuta, kukanganisa kwomuviri, kana kuti nhimbe dzokushatisa. Perero yesarudzo inotsamira pamutoo unodzivirira nzvimbo iri yose, kubva pakunyoreswa kwevhoti kusvikira kuurefu hwokupedzisira. Ikoku kunobatanidza kuchengeta gadziriro dzokuvhota, kuitisa zvinyorwa zvekunzvera, kurovedza vakuru vakuru vakuru vesarudzo, uye kudzivirira mumuviri nzvimbo dzokuvhotera.

Kutyisidzira kuchengeteka kwesarudzo kwakatanga zvinoshamisa mumakore makumi maviri apfuura. Kupindira kwedzimwe nyika, kwakadai sokupindira kweRussia muSarudzo yeU.S. kwakaratidzira simba rekushanda paIndaneti kuparira kusawirirana ndokusekesa chivimbo. Mudzimba, nhau dzakasiana - siana dzechitsotsi (hwusingawanzoshandiswa kubudisa nhau dzakapararira dzinopedza chivimbo. Somuuyo, vakuru vakuru vamasarudzo zvino vanotarisana nedenho mbiri dzokudzivirira pavavengi vakakurumbira nepo vachichengeta ujekeri nokuwanika kwavana vavhotera.

  • Kudzivirira mapepa okunyoresa anodzivirira kuwanikwa kusina mvumo uye kuputswa kwemashoko
  • Kudzivirira michina yokuvhota nezvinoongororwa papepa kuti zvisachinja
  • Kushandisa kuongorora kwakasimba kusati kwaitwa uye kuongorora kwapashure pekusarudza
  • Kudzidzisa vanoshanda pakusarudza nzira dzakanakisisa dzokuchengetedza kombiyuta nguva dzose
  • Kugadza zvibvumirano zvemhinduro yezvinoitika zvinobvira zvokuchengeteka

Mukuwirirana ne Cybersecurity and Infrapublicare Security Agency (CISA]), chengeteko yesarudzo mutoro unogoveranwa pakati pehurumende, nyika, uye hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, pamwe chete navatengesi vomunhu oga navose. Kositasi yacho yakabudisa nhungamiro nokuda kwokutarisirwa kwengozi, kubatanidza kushandiswa kwekusimbisa kwemitengo mizhinji, kunzvera nguva dzose, uye mashoko kugoverana kupfurikidza neEcomments Infraturapublication Invitation Invitation and Antivity Center (E-ISAC).

Kushandisa Kwazvinoita Kuvimba Nevanhu

Chivimbo chokushandisa mashoko kuvamba kwendangariro kwakaumbwa nemirangariro yeruramisiro, kururama, uye kujeka. Apo vagari vemo vanodavira kuti vhoti yavo icharangarirwa seyakasainwa uye kuti tsika haina kubatwa zvisina kufanira, vane bviro huru yokutora rutivi.

Nzvero inobva Brennan Center for Justice inoratidzira kuti chivimbo murusarudzo chinowirirana zvikuru nezviteshi chaizvoizvo zvokuchengeteka zviripo. Somuenzaniso, inotaura kuti zvakagamuchira mabhajeti emitengo yengozi yemiuyo yepepa (panoi miraundi yepepa) inoverengwa zvisarudzo zvakakwirira zvikuru zvokuvimba pakati povhoti. Kujeka kwegadziriro yepiccio kunovimbisa pachena kuti miuyo inogona kusimbiswa nenzira yakazvinyimira.

Zvinofungwa Nevanhu Vanobiridzira

Kuitira hanya pamusoro pekuvhota kunowanzova kwakanyanyisa asi kune simba. Nzvero dzinoratidza kuti apo mwero yechengeteko yesarudzo inooneka uye inosanopinzwa. Somuenzaniso, zvinogona kuderedza rutyo urwu. Kushandiswa kwe -papepa retsoropodzo [VVPAT] [FLT] inopa chinyorwa chakajeka kuti blat yakanyorwa zvakarurama. Mu kunzvera kwapapepa [[FLT]] kwa20.U.S, kushambata mapepa akaona mwero mukuru zvikuru zvikuru kupfuura kutsamira panzvimbo inochengetedzwa yakananga (DR) pasina mapepa.

Zvisinei, matanho okuchengeteka anogonawo kuva nemigumisiro yakapesana kana akashandiswa zvisina kutsarukana. Mitemo yezvirongwa zvokuvhota zvikuru, somuenzaniso, dzimwe nguva inoruramiswa sedziviriro yokunyengera asi inogona kuderedza chivimbo pakati pavavhoti vakakodzera vasina zivikanwo inotenderwa. Chinokosha kudzikamisa chengeteko nokuwana hwechipiri (mipimo inofanira kuonekwa seinodzivirira gadziriro, kwete kubvisa vatori rutivi vapamutemo. Kurongwa kwedzidzo yavose kunotsanangura chikonzero nei miitiro yakati iri munzvimbo (g., kusaina kururama, varoyidzi) kunogona kubetsera kuvaka kunzwisisa nokuvimba.

Kuedza Kuzivisa Vanhu

Kuona chitarisiko hakufaniri kudziya mashandisirwa. Vakuru vakuru veSangano munyika yose vakatanga nhimbe dzokubvisa matanho okuchengetedza. Somuenzaniso, "Vimba Nesuo reSangano" muGeorgia kubatanidza zviziviso zvebasa ravose, nzvimbo dzemasangano avanhu, uye dzimba dzinozaruka pamahofisi ezvisarudzo apo vagari vemo vaigona kutarira kugadzirwa kwevhoti. Nhamburiko dzakadaro dzakabatanidzwa nokuwedzera chivimbo nokuderedza chitendero murondedzero dzegadziriro isina hwaro.

A Nzvero yePew Research Center yakawana kuti vavhoti vakahwirudzura vachiona mashoko pamusoro pezviyero zvechengeteko zvesarudzo vaiva mapfundo 15 muzana anobvira zvikuru kuratidza chivimbo chakakwirira muururami hwenhamba. Ikoku kusimbisa ukoshi hwegadziriro dzekurukurirano dzinoshanda. Nhimbe dzinobudirira dzinofanira kushandisa kurukurirano dzakajeka, hurukuro dzinozivikanwa navose pamusoro penhau, uye kugovera ufakazi hwakajeka hweperero yetsika.

Basa Rezvoruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Mukuchengetedza Kusarudza

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu ibakatwa rinoiswa mativi maviri muchengeteko yasarudzo. Runogonesa kudzorwa nokukurumidza, kusvika kwakafara kupfurikidza nokunyoresa paIndaneti, uye kutungamirira vavhoti kunoshanda zvakanaka. Kunyange zvakadaro runotangawo zvikwata zvemichina yemichina yekombiyuta nokuda kwokurwisa nokuparadzana kwemakombiyuta. Dambudziko nderokushandisa mikana yemichina yemagetsi pachishandiswa nzira dzazvino uno, kuongorora, uye kutungamirira.

Michina Yemagetsi

Michina yokuvhota yakananga yave ichimutsa nharo kwamakore. Pasina pepa, inova yakaoma, uye vavhoti havagoni kusimbisa zvisarudzo zvavo vari voga. Mitemo yakawanda yakatama kubva kuDEs ichida mascan anoshandisa mapepa. Zvisinei, michina yokuvhota yamagetsi inoramba yakakurumbira, zvikurukuru nokuda kwezvinangwa zvokuwana. BMDS inogadzira chinyorwa chepepa, asi purogiramu yavo ichiri nyore kukanganisa zvipukanana kana kuti kuongorora kwounyanzvi. Rhydroe - recodeficious reconficiations, sepast proficiation windowtions, inokosha kuziva kuti asvike maanoma.

Muna 2022, nyika yeColorado yakaita muganhu we $ muganhu wemitemo yemitemo yose yehurumende, muitiro zvino unorangarirwa semupimo wendarama nenyanzvi dzechengeteko. Iyi zvinyorwa zvinopa chivimbo chemipimo yokuti muuyo unowirirana namabhoratiki chaiwo akasiiwa. Sezvinoita [[FLT:] Construction Commission inonyora, kunzvera kwakadaro kunoshanda zvikurusa apo kunobatanidzwa nomukoto wepepa wakakwana necherechedzo yavose.

Kunyoresa Pakombiyuta

Kunyoresa kwapanter paOVR kwakawedzera zvikuru. Kusvikira muna 2024, 42 nyika pamwe neRuwa rweColumbia runopa HOVR. Yakanakira hako, asi inomutsawo funganyo pamusoro pechengeteko yemajeri nerevoni. Hurumende dzakagamuchira dziviriro dzakasiana---shandukira mashoko aitsvaka mashoko anorwisana namarezeregibhurejimendi eraisenzi kana kuti kushandiswa nhamba dzechengeteko yenzanga kuva revolution. Mamwe masangano anodawo siginicha yetsika kuti ive pafashoni kuti idzivise kunyoresa kwokunyengera.

Pasinei zvapo nengozi, betsero dzeOVR ihuru: mwero yakakwirira yokunyoresa, ndyiko dzehurumende dzakaderera, uye zvikanganiso zvishomanene nemhaka yokupinda kwamaoko. Nzvero yakaitwa neUniversity yeCalifornia yakawana kuti OVR yakawedzerwa mwero yokunyoresa ne5-10% pakati pavavhoti vaduku nenzanga dzeruvara. Chinokosha ndechokuvandudza nguva dzose mitemo yechengetedzo yechengeteko nechengedzokunyora mashoko, uye kunzvera kwenguva dzose.

Kuvhiya uye Kuwedzera Kwemichina Yemagetsi

Kuvhota kwakavakirwa paBlockchain kwakakarakadzwa sechigadzikiso chekusarudza kuvimbika, zvikurukuru nokuda kwevasarudzo vemhiri kwamakungwa uye vehondo vasipo. Gadziriro dzechitima munyika dzakadai seEstonia uye mudzimwe U.S. (zvikurukuru, West Virginia muna 2018) dzakaedza pfungwa yacho. Kunyange zvakadaro, nyanzvi dzinoramba dzakangwarira: vhairasi haisati ichibvisa ngozi dzemhosho yemupiyuta, phishing, kana kuti mabhineti pamakambani okuvhota. Kusvikira izvi zvinetso zvakurukurwa, nyanzvi dzekusarudza pamutemo dzinorumbidza kubatana namapepa sechinyorwa chikuru. Kunyange zvakadaro, kunzvera kunopfuurira mumitoo yokuzivisa mashoko echokwadi kungagovera pakupedzisira chengeteko pasina kuisa dziviriro.

Kushanda Kwokuchengetedza Kunomira Pakuvhura Mazaya

Ko chengeteko yesarudzo inotapura here? Ufakazi hunokarakadza ukama hwakajeka. Kuchengeteka kwakasimba kunogona kuwedzera kupfurikidza nokuwedzera chivimbo, asi kana kukarangarirwa sechinorema (muchine muenzaniso, matanda akaoma, mitsetse mirefu nemhaka yemidziyo isati yashanda), kunogona kuodza mwoyo. Muuyo unotsamira pamatanho chaiwoiwo uye nzira iyo inoitwa nayo.

Fundo Dzezvinoitika Zvekuwedzera

Zvikamu zvinoverengeka zvinogovera mienzaniso inorairidza. Colado, iyo yakaita kuvhota kwamaposi nepepa, muganhu wemitengo yengozi, uye kusimba kweIndaneti, zvakaona chinyorwa muna 2020 (anopfuura 80% avavhoti vakakodzera). Nzvero dzakaratidza kuti vavhoti vainzwa vane chivimbo chokuti mabhorakiti avo aizoverengwa nokuchengetwa. Nenzira yakafanana, Shyton[ uye [FLT:] Ognow [[FLT]]

Mukupesana, Georgia yakawana chinjo dzinoshamisa. Pashure pekuvhota 2020, hurumende yakapfuudza mutemo weamnibus wevhoti (SB 202) uyo wakawedzera zvinodikanwa zvechivhoti cheID zvakatsiga uye mabhokisi okudonhedza akaganhurirwa, nepo zvichiwedzerawo kukura kwemari yeIndaneti nokuongorora miitiro yekombiyuta. Turnout muma 20222 pakati penguva yakakwirana zvomenemene, asi chivimbo chakaramba chiri chakaderera mumitsetse yeTriscove. Dzimwe fundo dzinokarakadza kuti kusimudzwa kwechengeteko kwakakumbira kuvhotera avo vakanga vambopanikira gadziriro yacho, nepo ganhuriro dzakawedzerwa dzingava dzakaodza vamwe vavhotera. Mutengori kutoorwa.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvokuitawo Basa

Mitemo yechengeteko inogona kuita mhinganidzo nenzira isiri yapamutemo. Mitsetse mirefu nemhaka yezvishandiso zvisina kukwana kana kuti miitiro yechekero yakagadzirwa zvakanaka inogona kubvisa vavhoti, zvikurukuru avo vane nguva yakaganhurirwa. Mitemo yeVoter yeID, nepo yakaitirwa kudzivisa kubiridzira, nenzira isingaenzaniswi inotapura mari yakaderera, vakwegura, uye vavhoti vashomanene vangashaiwa marezerezerezeresi okutyaira kana kuti maregisi ehurumende. Kufunda kubva kuMiT's Evolution Data naSCence Lab kwakawana kuti zvinodikanwa zvepidhia yepic inodzorwa nepfundo rimwe rezvikamu zviduku, nemiuyo mikuru pakati pevoruzhinji.

Nenzira yakafanana, kubviswa kwevhoti vharusi ruruunity .A. Philip Randolph Institute yakatsigira miitiro yokubvisa yeOhio, asi vatsoropodzi vanopesana vanobvisa zvikanganiso zvoupenyu kana kuti mapepa anonyorwa. Dzikamo pakati pedare ra2018 inoda kusanosaidzwa mitanho inofanira kutsigirwa, kudzorwa, uye kuhwirudzurwa nguva dzose nokuda kwemigumisiro yeOhio, asi vanotsoropodza vanoputsa National Voter Religiodio Act. Dzikanyo pakati pekuchengeteka nokutora rutivi dzinoda kusanosarira.

Kutarisira Zvakajeka uye Kuzvimirira

Imwe yenzira dzinobudirira zvikurusa dzokuvaka nayo chivimbo chomuvhoti ndeyokuona pachena padanho riri rose rebasa revhoti. Ikoku kunoreva kubvumira vacherekedzi vanoona kuti vaonei, kuitisa kurangarira kwavose nokuedza kwakarurama kwemidziyo, uye kubudisa migumisiro yakadzama yokuongorora. Mitumbi inoongorora, yakadai semabhodhi evhoti rehurumende kana kuti mabhipartistan commission commission, inoshanda secherekedzo pakushandisa kupi nokupi nokupi.

Conference yeNational of State Legislatures miitiro yokuongorora inodzorwa munyika. Komba yemiitiro yokuongorora iri kukuita mitoo yakaoma zvikuru, kubatanidza mabhadharo ane muganhu wengozi, ayo zvino ava anosungirwa munyika dzinoverengeka. Kuongorora uku hakungobvumidzi migumisiro chete asiwo kunogovera mutoo unojeka unogona kuonekwa navanhu vose uye vanobudisa nhau. Pakuitwa zvakanaka, vanogona kuwedzera kuvimba kunyange nemadzinza ari pedyo, sezvinoonekwa mujambwa reArizona 222.

Basa Rezvinobudisa Mashoko Nezvinhu Zvinokuvadza

Kushatiswa pamusoro pechengeteko yesarudzo kunogona kukurumidza kubvisa chivimbo. Zviteshi zvenhau namasangano anonzvera idi zvinoita basa rinokosha mukubvisa kutaura kwenhema. Somuenzaniso, mukati mesarudzo 2020, kutaura kwe "kuchinja" nemhaka yemajekiseni epurogiramu dzakaratidzwa kuva zvikanganiso mukubatanidzwa kwevashandi, kwete kunyengera kwegadziriro. Kupindura kwechisarudzo navanyori venhau kwakabetsera kudzora uku kupararira kwenhau, asi vazhinji vakapfuurira.

Nhimbe dzinoshambadza dzezvinobudisa nhau dzinotsanangura matanho okuchengetedza mumutauro wakajeka dzinogona kubvisa mashoko asina kururama e "Nzvimbo dzokusarudza" dzinobudiswa kuvhota kusati kwatanga dzakaratidzwa kuderedza kudavira rondedzero dzechimurenga. Kurongwa pakati pemadhipatimendi esarudzo uye mabudiro enhau omunzvimbomo muitiro unovimbisa uyo zviremera zvinoverengeka zvakagamuchira.

Kuenzanisa Kwakaitwa Munyika Dzakawanda

Akatarira kunze kweUnited States, dzimwe hurumende dzinotonga dzinopa zvidzidzo pamusoro pokudzikamisa chengeteko nokutora rutivi. Canada inoshandisa gadziriro yepepa yakafanana munyika yose, ine ganhuriro dzakatsiga pakuzivisa muvhoti nemuvhoti. Kudzivirira kwayo hakune mhatsa nemhaka yekuvimba zvikuru mumasangano ehurumende. [[FLT:] Estonia[ yakapayona paIndaneti (inoita kuti iodha) nokupedzisa, asi ukuru huduku netsika dzakakwirira dzinoita kuti ive dziviriro. Australia]

Kukosha kunoita vanhu kuvimba nemagetsi, uye matongerwe enyika, kukwanisa kuchengetedza zvinhu zvinoonekwa kuti zvinoda kuchengeteka.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi Dzokuchengeteka Kwezvirongwa

Nzvimbo yechengeteko yesarudzo inoramba ichichinja. Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu ruchifambira mberi, saizvozvowo matanho ari munzvimbo kudzivirira muitiro wevhota. Kutyisidzira kunobatanidza kudzika kwenzwi kana kuti vhidhiyo inodenha vakuru vesarudzo, kudenha kwerudzikinuro pamapepa okunyoresa anovhota, uye nhimbe dzezvikamu zvenguva yemberi dzingabatanidza:

  • Kuwedzera mitemo yemakombiyuta, kusanganisira mapurani ezvivako asina kuvimbwa nawo uye kuongorora kutyisidzira chaikoiko kwenguva
  • Kuongorora midziyo yokuvhota yakazvimirira nguva dzose nemarabhora akanyorwa kuti anoshanda
  • Kuwedzera mari yokutarisira sarudzo, zvikurukuru nokuda kwemasangano maduku ane zvinhu zvishoma
  • Kubatana kwemasangano ehurumende, vatsvakurudzi vezvidzidzo, uye vatengesi vezvikamu zvehurumende kuti vagoverane kungwara kwengozi
  • Kugamuchirwa kwemashoko eecopyright pashure pechikamu checompletography nokuda kwemashoko okusarudza anotapurwa semacomput akura
  • Kugadzirwa kwemaapp emotokari akachengeteka kuti awane mashoko oumbozha omirira nguva, pasina kuchengeta mashoko okuvhota

Komiti yeRusarudzo yakakarakadza nhungamiro dzokuzvidira nokuda kwechizvarwa chinotevera chegadziriro dzokuvhota, kusimbisa kushandira pamwe, mipimo yakazaruka, uye nzira dzokuongorora nadzo. Dzidzo yavose icharamba iri chinhu chinotambudza; vavhoti vanofanira kunzwisisa kwete bedzi kuti chengeteko iripo asi chikonzero nei ichishanda. Pakupedzisira, chengeteko yasarudzo haisi nharidzano iripo asi muitiro unopfuurira wekuchinjika, batira pamwe, uye kurukurirano.

mhedziso

Mipimo yechengeteko yechisarudzo inokosha mukusimudzira chivimbo chomuvhoti nokutora rutivi. Pavanosanorongwa uye kuratidzirwa, vanovimbisa vagari vemo kuti mavhoti avo uye kuti mutoo wedemokrase wakasimba. Zvisinei, chengeteko haigoni kuuya nokusashandiswa kwokuwana. Zvigadziko zvinobudirira zvikurusa ndezviya zvinobata chengeteko nerokutora rutivi sevavariro dzinowirirana, kwete kubatanidzwa. Nokushandisa masangano anorema ane simba anoramba kubuda muvhoti, kusimbisa kwakasimba, uye kuisa pachena kugona kuvaka wirirano inowana chivimbo nokukurudzira bvumirano yakafara. Sezvinoita tyisidziro kukuita kuti utongi hunotonga hwehurumende huve hushanduke, naizvozvo kunofanira kutungamirirwa nenheyo inodzorwa pakupedzisira nemitemo yokuti mavhotera anosarudzwa anodzorwa pakupedzisira anodzorwa.