Kubvunza Kunoita Maitiro Okuda Kudzora Utongi

Nhimbe dzezvamatongerwe enyika nguva dzose dzinotsvaka mucheto, uye chimwe chezvishandiso zvamanomano zvikurusa mumatura azvo chinosunda kunzvera. Kusafanana nenzvero yomufungo wapamutemo, iyo inovavarira kuyera murangariro wavose, inosunda kuvhota senzvero apo inopa mashoko akaitwa nokungwarira kuti apedzere mashoko echetura mirangariro yavavhoti. Uyu muitiro unobata vanyajambwa panzvimbo yakaronzeswa mukuvhota, uchishandisa chivimbo ichocho segadziriro yokupa mashoko ezvamatongerwe enyika. Kunzwisisa mano acho kunokosha mukuchengeta hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vane utano, nemhaka yokuti muvhotera anozivikanwa idziviriro hurusa mukuvhotera.

Kunzvera kwokumanikidzira hakusati kuri chinhu chitsva, asi kunzvera kwahwo kwakawedzera nemashoko azvino uno anorwisana nemitoo yekurukurirano yakarongwa. Nepo marudzi akawanda akaedza kukudzora, muitiro wacho unopfuurira nemhaka yokuti unoshanda munzvimbo yachena nemitemo (kazhinji kazhinji senzvero yapamutemo). Nyaya inonzvera vaongorori vokunzvera, mipimo yavo yendangariro, uye nhano dzinoitwa dzinogona kutora kupfurikidza nenyengedzo.

Kushatisa Kwokumanikidza Chii?

Pamavambo payo, kunzvera ndiko mutoo wekurukurirano unonyengera unoshandiswa kupesvedzera zvimiro zvendangariro zvavavhoti munyengedzo yokuita nzvero yesayenzi. Shoko racho rakaitwa navanachipangamazano vezvamatongerwe enyika muma 1990, asi muitiro wacho unovambira shure mumakumi amakore. Nzvero yechokwadi yezvamatongerwe enyika inotsvaka kuunganidza mashoko asina kujeka pamusoro pemirangariro inovhota, zviverengero zvechiverengero chavagari vemo, uye zvinodawirira. Mukupesana, kunzvera kunopesvedzera kunopa mashoko akaipa kana kuti enhema nevavariro huru yokuchinja mirangariro, kwete kuiyera.

Chiratidzo chinoratidzira kunzvera kwokumanikidzira ivavariro yako. Inobvunza mibvunzo yakatanhamara, kazhinji kazhinji ine kutaura kwakaipa pamusoro pomubhadhari kana kuti muitiro, uye inoyera kuti kutaura ikoko kunotapura sei mhinduro yomuvhoti. Mibvunzo yakagadzirirwa kuparira panikiro dzakashata, kusimbisa mirangariro yakaipa, kana kuti kuparadzira mashoko asina kururama akananga. Kusafanana nenzvero dzapamutemo, idzo kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzinobatanidza mitsara mirevo mireve mipfupi zvikuru (8-3610) mibvunzo inodzorwa nokungwarira inodzokororwa kumazana ezviuru zvavavhoti.

Nhimbe dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinoshandisa kupesvedzera mukuvhota mukati memakwikwi, hondo huru, uye mapenduru. Dzinobudirira zvikuru mumhoteredzo dzine mashoko akaderera umo vavhoti vakaganhurira kuratidzirwa kumashoko echokwadi enhau. Kupfurikidza nokusima pfungwa yenhema kana kuti yakanyanyisa mundangariro yomuvhoti, kuvhota kunomanikidzira kunogona kuumba nhau yacho pasina mutsigiri kutongofanira kukurukura nhau yacho pachena.

Kusiyana Kwakaita Kusvibisa Nokushatisa

Kunzwisisa musiyano wacho kunonyanya kunetsa kuvavhoti. Masangano okuvhota anodzorwa nemitemo, akadai seGallup, Pew Research Center, kana kuti maongororo anoitirwa basa, anotevera mipimo younyanzvi yemiitiro. Anoshandisa mipimo yemibvunzo isina kwayakarerekera, mienzaniso isina kurongwa, uye kujeka pamusoro pourefu hwemienzaniso nemheno dzemhosho. Vavariro yavo ndeyokuunganidza mashoko akavimbika anogona kuzivisa nzira kana kuti hurukuro yavose.

Kuvhota kwokumanikidzira, pane rumwe rutivi, kunoratidzira mireza mitsvuku inoverengeka: haiwanzogovera ukuru hwemienzaniso kana kuti udzame hwemiitiro; inobvunza bedzi mibvunzo mishomanene, kazhinji kazhinji ine mutauro wakaipa; inoitiswa namasangano okunzvera asingazivikanwi kana kuti enhema; uye kazhinji kazhinji inodzorwa namafemu okubvunza kwezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti mapoka echikwata. Mukumbiri angaramba kuziva sangano rinotsigira, achitaura kuti ari kuita “nzvero isingabhadharwi.”

Kunzverwa kwomutemo kunoshandiswa kuzivisa, nepo kuvhota kwokumanikidzira kunoshandiswa kunyengetedza. Kunzverwa chaikoiko kungabvunza, kuti, “Ukasadzidza kuti basa rinotsigirwa ringasatongova bviro yokuvhotera here?

Michina Yepfungwa: Chinoita Kuti Vashande Nezvokushambadzira

Kunzwisisa unyengeri ihwohwu kunopa simba rokunzvera kunoshandisa mirangariro inoverengeka yakavambwa mukuita zvisarudzo zvavanhu.

Muuyo Wezvokwadi Yokunyengedzera

Chisarudzo chezvokwadi ikombamiro yokuti vanhu vadavire kutaura ndekwechokwadi nemhaka bedzi yokuti vakanzwa kwadzokororwa kare. Apo nzvero inomanikidzirwa inobvunza muvhoti, “Kudai waiziva kuti Candite B ine chinyorwa choutsotsi, ikoko kwaizotapura vhoti yako here?” Mufungo womuvhoti ungayeuka gare gare gare “chibvumirano” chechinyorwa chetsotsi, kunyange kana chisina kutongobvumikiswa. Kudzokororwa kwepfungwa yacho, kunyange muchimiro chenhau, kunoparira yeyeuko yenhema. Ikoku kunoparira zvikuru apo muvhoti asina zivo pamberi penhau.

Kufunga Kwakaipa

Vanhu vanodzorwa kuti vape ngwariro huru kumashoko asina kunaka kupfuura mashoko akanaka. Zviitiko zvakaipa, mavara, uye zviito zvinoyeukwa zvikuru uye zvine simba guru pakuita zvisarudzo. Nzvero dzokumanikidza dzinoshandisa ikoku kupfurikidza nokunangidzira ngwariro pakutaura kwakashata kwakananga pamusoro pomushori. Muvhoti angakanganwa mativi akanaka omukwikwidzani, asi kutaura kumwe kunokuvadza kunosumwa kupfurikidza nokunzvera kwokusunda kunogona kutora nguva refu muyeuko, kuchidzoresa vhoti yavo yokupedzisira.

Uchapupu Hwokunyepedzera Munzanga

Dzimwe nzvero dzinokurudzira mibvunzo inoreva mifungo yavazhinji, yakadai seyokuti, “Vavhoti vazhinji voruwa rwenyu vanoitira hanya zvisungo zvaC kumapoka anokwevera vanhu. Izvozvi zvinokarakadza kuti boka guru ravaenzani rinotova nomurangariro wakaipa, uyo unodzvinyirira mudavidzi kuti awirirane. Chibvumikiso chenzanga chinogona kuva mutsigiri ane simba, zvikurukuru nokuda kwavanovhota pasina kubatana kana kuti vakaderera.

Kuputsika Kwemazano Anowanzoshandiswa Pakushatisa

Nepo nyaya yokutanga yakaronga nzira dzinoverengeka, imwe neimwe inofanira kuongororwa zvakadzama nemhaka yokuti kuiwana kunogona kusiana zvikuru.

Mutauro Wakaremerwa Nezvinonyandura Murangariro

Mashoko ane simba guru. Mibvunzo yokuvhota inorongwa kupfurikidza namashoko okushatirwa anoitirwa kunyandura hasha, rutyo, kana kuti kusemburwa. Panzvimbo pokuti “Madaivhota A nokuda kwokuwedzera kwomutero,” nzvero yokusunda ingati,“ tsigira A kukwira mutero kukuru kuchaparadza mabhizimisi maduku.” Kuwedzerwa kwa “matsotsi” uye“ kuparadza” kunonyandura mhinduro yemirangariro inopfuura kurangarira. Mamwe mashoko akatakurwa anobatanidza “corrutt,”“ asingakodzeri,” “akaipa,” uye “Anti - TEAN.”

Mibvunzo Inotungamirira Yakafungidzirwa

Mubvunzo unotungamirira ndouyu une donzo rokuisa. Mubvunzo wokunzvera wakatanhamara, “Unofarira here Gadziriro yaCandidte D yokutema Medicare, iyo nyanzvi dzinoti ingakuvadza vakura?” inokarakadza kuti mutengi ane rongedzero, kuti anotema Medicare, uye kuti nyanzvi dzinotaura kuti inokuvadza vakuru. Muvhoti anomanikidzirwa kupindura mukati medara iroro, kunyange kana zvinyorwa zvose zvitatu zviri zvenhema. Iyi nzira yakaoma zvikuru kurwisana nemhaka yokuti muvhoti haana mukana wokururamisa chinyorwa chacho panzvimbo yacho.

Kuparadzira Mashoko Enhema Kana Kuti Akaipa

Nzvero dzamabhomba dzinowanzotanga kutaura kwechokwadi kwakarongwa chose chose kana kuti zvimwe kwakashata zvikuru. Muna 2000 South Carolina Republican, vavhoti vakagamuchira shanyo dzokunzverwa dzinokarakadza kuti mutsigiri John McCain akanga abereka mwana mutema asina kutenderwa. Kutaura kwacho kwakanga kuri kwenhema, asi kuvadziko yakaitwa. Nenzira yakafanana, kunzvera kwakamanikidzira kushandiswa kuparadzira runyerekupe pamusoro poutano hwomutengi, kusawirirana mune zvemari, kana kuti vatano. Kunyange kana mashoko acho gare gare akabviswa, kufumurwa kwokutanga kunogona kuva kwakakwana kukwenetsa chiyero munhangemutange.

Kutyisidzira Kusina Kudzorwa Nemibvunzo Inoparira Rutyo

Vamwe vanomanikidza kuongorora havangofungi kuti kuvhota kuchaita kuti munhu agume aita zvakaipa. Somuenzaniso, mubvunzo ungabvunza kuti, “Kana Akasarudzwa, unonetseka kuti mitero yezvinhu zvako ichakwira uye ichakumanikidza kuti uende?” Iyi inoita kuti munhu azvidye mwoyo uye itsakatise pavhoti. Mubvunzo wacho haupi uchapupu; unongodyara kunetseka kwacho chete.

Mibvunzo Yakaoma Kufunga, uye Yakapetwa Kaviri

Kuda munhu kunogona kuva chombo chine simba. Mubvunzo wakadai so “Unovimba naF Panhau dzinokosha kwauri here?” Wakajeka uye unomanikidza muvhoti kuti arangarire mirangariro yakaipa yaangave akanzwa. Mibvunzo miviri inoshuviwa ndeiyo inobatanidza nhau mbiri:“ Unotsigira chinyorwa chaG pamabasa nemhoteredzo here?” Kana muvhoti achitsigira muvhoti pamabasa asi kwete mhoteredzo, vanomanikidzirwa kupinda mumurangariro kana kuti kukanganisa. Iyi mifungo yomuvhoti uye inogona kuderedza mbavarira.

Kuchinja - chinja Kwakavanzika: “Chiratidzo Chokuyera” Kugadzira

Shanduro yakaisvonaka zvikuru inoshandisa kuisa mashoko mukuwirirana nechinoitika: “Vamwe vanoti Candidate H yakajairika, asi vamwe vanoti havachabatanidzwi. Ipfungwai yaunayo?” Kupfurikidza nokupa imwe nzira yakanaka neyakaipa, nzvero inopfavisa varavi ndokukurudzira murangari kuirangarira. Kunyange kana muvhoti akaramba chiratidzo chakashata, mbeu yadyarwa.

Mienzaniso Chaiyoiyo Yenyika: Kushatisa Zvisakiso Zvinoshanda

Mienzaniso yenhau neyemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi inoratidzira kuti kunzvera kwokusunda kwakaumba sei miuyo yokusarudza.

Ruhare rweNew York : Muongorori Alfone D’Amato akashandisa kukwidziridza kudenha kudenha muvengi wake, Charles Schumer. Voters vakabvunzwa, “Kudai waiziva kuti Charles Schumer akanga ashandisa mari yenhimbe nokuda kwendyiko yomunhu oga, waizova nomukana muduku zvikuru wokuvhotera?” Pomero yacho yakanga isina kusitongosaidzwa, asi daniro yakasvika mamirioni evombi, kumanikidzira Schumer kushandisa nguva nokuzvidzivirira amene mari.

Vaparidzi veRepublican: George W. Bush, uye sezvinofungidzirwa vamwe vavatsigiri vake, vakashandisa kuvhotera John McCaine muSouth Carolina. Voters vakabvunzwa mibvunzo yakadai, “Kungava here kana kuti kashoma zvikuru kuvhota John McCain kana waiziva kuti aiva nemwana mutema?” Runyerekupe rwenhema rwokuti McCain aiva nomwana akagamuchirwa muAfrica neAmerica rwakaparadzirwa, kuchiparira kurasikirwa kwake nechinhu chikuru.

2016 Sarudzo yaPurezidhendi: Mukati menhimbe ya2016, vavhoti munyika dzinoverengeka vakashuma kugamuchira nzvero dzokumanikidza dzakabvunza, kuti, “Kudai maiziva kuti Hillary Clinton akanga ane batano nehurumende dzokumwe idzo dzingava dzisiri dzapamutemo, idzo dzingatapura vhoti yako here?” Mubvunzo wacho wakabatanidza pomero dzakawanda pasina ufakazi, unosimbisa kusava nokuvimbika kuripo.

Mienzaniso yakawanda yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi: Kuvhota kwokuvhota kwave kuchinyorwa muhurumende nemumarudzi omunzvimbomo muUS, Canada, uye UK. Mujaratisi reUK ra2024, vamwe vavhoti vakashuma vanosunda kubvunzirwa pamusoro pemiitiro yezvoutano yeLabour public anoshandisa zvitsama zvakadai se “kutyisidzira . MuAustralia, kunzvera kwakashandiswa kunongedzera kuenzana pakuenzana kweroorano nokuzivikanwa.

Misiyano Yepamutemo Neyouori

Kunyoreswa kwapamutemo kwokunzverwa kunosiana zvikuru. MuUnited States, yakadzivirirwa zvikuru muFirst Amendment sehurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika, kana ikasaipfuura mutsetse kupinda muruzvidzo chairwo. Zvisinei, hurumende dzinoverengeka dzakapa mitemo inoda kuziviswa kweari kubhadhara nokuda kwebvunzo. Somuenzaniso, National Conference of State Legislatures inoita iyi mirau iyi mirauro [. Dzimwe nyika dzinoda kuti runhare ruzivise sangano rinobhadhara kana rabvunzwa, nepo dzimwe dzinoda kunyorwa kwediscradio stary starmer pakutanga.

Canada’s Act yeCanada Evolutions inorambidza kubudiswa kwemashoko enhema pamusoro pomubhadhari, asi inoramba kubvunzirwa kunobvunza mibvunzo yakakwidzwa pane dzimwe nguva inogona kudzivisa ichi ganhuriro nemhaka yokuti inodudzwa semibvunzo panzvimbo pemashoko eidi. UK haina mutemo wakananga unodzivisa kunzvera, asi Chirevo cheMitemo inoyera naElectoral Commission chinogona kupindira kana kutaura kwokunyengera kukaitwa.

Nenzira yetsika, kunzvera kunoshurikidzwa navanzveri venyanzvi. American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) yabudisa [ nhungamiro dzeruwa [ kutsaura nzvero yapamutemo nenhimbe. Mitezo yeAPAR inorambidzwa kuitisa kunzvera mukurumbira wekunzvera. Pasinei zvapo neizvi, masangano mazhinji ezvamatongerwe enyika haasati ari mitezo yeAPOR, uye kuchengetwa kwakaderera.

Nei Kukweva Vanhu Kune Ngozi Zvikuru Munguva Ino Yemazuva Ano

Nzvimbo yokunzverwa kwenzira yachinja noruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Nhasi, zvirongwa zvokuongorora mashoko zvinofambiswa nemotokari zvinobvumira nhimbe kusvika mamiriyoni evavhoti pachikamu chiduku chemutengo werunhare rupenyu. Idzi “dzinofambiswa” dzinogona kubatanidza mibvunzo yakanyorwa, uye mugamuchiri haagoni kukumbira kujekeswa kana kuti kusundidzira shure. Kupfuurirazve, zvikuva zvenzanga zvakagonesa rudzi rutsva rwokuvhota: mapakiti anotsigirwa anoshanda sebvunzi apo anenge ane mashoko akaipa.

Kutapurwa kwemitsetse miduku kunoreva kuti kunzvera kwokumanikidzira kunogona kuitwa kuti kukwezvere rutyo chairwo rwomugari wemo. Muvhoti anoziviswa seane pfuti angagamuchira nzvero yokumanikidza pamusoro pechinyorwa chokudzora pfuti yomushori, nepo muvhoti anoshushikana pamusoro pedzidzo angabvunzwa pamusoro pokuderera kwemari inotsigirwa kuchikoro. Uku kubatanidzwa kwomunhu oga kunowedzera simba rokushandisa chisimba.

Mukuwedzera, kusazivikanwa kwenzvero dzemichina kunoita kuti kuve kwakaoma zvikuru kuronda manyuko. Mikairo inogona kuhaya mafemu echitatu nemari isinganyanyi kuzivikanwa, zvichiita kuti kuzvidavirira kuve kusingabviri. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kuraira murairo wakasimba wezvombo zvezvamatongerwe enyika nechinodikanwa icho kushambadzira kwose kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kubatanidza “shanyo dzezvamatongerwe enyika, kubatanidza kuziviswa zvakajeka kwomutsigiri.

Nzira Iyo Marodhiyo Anogona Kuziva Nayo Kudzivisa Kushatisa

Kuzvidzivirira kunoda mubatanidzwa wepanikiro nokunzvera maidi. Mazano anotevera, akakudzwa kubva pandaza yapakuvamba, anogovera dziviriro yakasimba.

Ziva Mafurafu Matsvuku

  • foni yedavidzo: Kuvhota kwamapereti kunowanzopfuura maminiti 5-15. Kurira kunobvunza mubvunzo mumwe kana kuti miviri bedzi uye kuturika kungangova nzvero yokusunda.
  • Mutauro wakapfeka kana kuti unotungamirira: Kana mubvunzo une zvidudziro zvinorwadza (kushatisa, kusatendeseka, kunyanyisa) kana kuti kurangarira maidi asina kunaka, ibvunzo inomanikidzira.
  • Haazati achizivisa: Mushanyi haagoni kana kuti haasati achizoziva sangano rinotsigira. Mumativi akawanda, kuvhota kwapamutemo kunoda kuziviswa.
  • Hapana kudzokororwazve nokuda kwouchokwadi: Mavhotarogita anowanzogovera nhamba yebatano nokuda kwouchokwadi. Nhamba dzokuvhota dzinodzorwa dzinowanzoita.
  • “Mibvunzo yokuti kana waiziva” inovamba ne“ Ko iwe ungada kuvhota X kana uchiziva kuti Y?] inzira dzokuongorora dzakakurumbira.

Ita Chiito Apo Unongwarira Chisakiso Chinoshatiswa

Kana ukafurirwa kuti unovhiyiwa, unogona kuita zvinhu zvinoverengeka:

  • Kumbira sangano rinotsigira. Kana mushanyi akaramba kupindura, cherechedza musi, nguva, uye nhamba yorunhare.
  • Usapindura mibvunzo. Unoramba nenzira yokuzvibata kutora rutivi kana kuti kuturika. Kana mhinduro dzakawanda kuvhota kunomanikidzira, ingagona kutaura kuti “kutaurirana kwemiuyo.
  • Kuzvizivisa. Kunyunyuta nechiremera chehurumende yako chesarudzo kana kuti Federal Communies Commission (FCC) nokuda kwamarobhosi. Unogonawo kuonana nomuroyi ari kurwiswa.
  • . Tsvaka zvikumbiro zvakaitwa mudanidziro. Shandisa nzvimbo dzeidi dzedivi se FactC.org kana PURAct

Vaka Kudzikamiswa Pakurukurirano Inonyandura

Kudzivirira kwenguva refu kunobatanidza kusakurira kurava nokunyora. Voter vanofanira kunzwisisa kuti kunzvera kwose kusati kuchiumbwa kwakaenzana, uye kuti nhimbe dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinoshandisa unyanzvi hunonyengera. Kupfurikidza nokugara vaziviwa pamusoro pavadaviri kupfurikidza namanyuko akawanda akasununguka, vavhoti vanogona kuyera kutaura kunopesana ndokudzivisa kupesvedzerwa nerunhare rumwe rusingazivikanwi. Kukurukura runhare rwokunyumwira neshamwari nemhuri kunogonawo kubetsera kuparadzira kuziva, kuchideredza kusvika kwemanomano aya.

Tapuro Yakapararira Pazvisarudzo Zvehurumende Yoga

Kunzverwa kwenzvero hakungochinjiri bedzi munhu mumwe nomumwe; kunoderedza kunaka kwekurukurirano yavose. Kunopinza mashoko enhema kana kuti anotsausa mumhoteredzo yemashoko pasina kupa murongi mukana wakarurama wokupindura.Mibato inoshandisa kuvhota kazhinji kazhinji inotsamira pairi nemhaka yokuti inoshaiwa nharo duku kana kuti inoda kudzivisa kufurirwa navatsigiri vanozvidza vomuvengi.

Muvhota vasarudzo vapedyo, kumanikidza kugona kuva kukuru. Kunzverwa kwenguva yakasanotsirwa kunosvika kuvavhoti 50 000 vasina kusanorongwa muruwa rukuru kunogona kubvisa mavhoti ane mazana mashomanene (8nodoka kuchinja muuyo. Muitiro wacho unobetserawo kuvavhoti vatsoropodzi. Apo vavhoti vanoziva kuti vakashandiswa, vangasava vatsigiri, vachidavira kuti kurukurirano yose yezvamatongerwe enyika haitenderwi. Uku kuderera kworuvimbiko kunoparadza kumasangano edemocracy.

Uyezve, kumanikidza kuvhota kunotapura nomutoo usingaenzaniswi vavhoti vemashoko vasitongorina nguva kana kuti pfuma yokunzvera kutaura kuri kwose. Vavhoti vanowanzobva munzanga dzine miganhu, uko kunoreva kumanikidza kuvhota kunogona kuparira kusaenzana kuripo mumireza yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Mugumo: Ramba Wakamuka, Ramba Uine Simba

Kunzvera kwokumanikidza kunoramba kuri tyisidziro inopfuurira kukusarudza kwakanaka nemhaka yokuti kunoshandisa musiyano pakati penzvero nokunyengera. Kupfurikidza nokuziva nzira dzinozivikanwa navose(wnzvero, mibvunzo inopa ngwariro, mashoko asina kunaka, tyisidziro dzinorehwa, uye kushatisa_kakwa(vatengi) kunogona kuderedza unyanzvi hwokupesvedzera uhwu. Chinokosha ndechokusvika nzvero iri yose yezvamatongerwe enyika neziso rinopanikirika uye kusimbisa kutaura kupi nokupi nokupi nokupi kunobva mumanyuko akavimbika.

Democracy inotsamira pamano avagari vemo okuita zvisarudzo zvakasununguka uye zvokuziva. Apo nzvero dzinosundwa dzinotsiva kurukurirano yokutendeseka nepanikiro dzakasimwa, dzinosekesa fandesheni iyoyo. Asi kuziva inhano ine simba inopesana nayo. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa nzira inosunda nayo mabasa okunzvera, vavhoti vanogona kuona nayo ndokuita zvisarudzo zvakavakirwa pamaidi, mipimo, uye kurangarira kwechokwadi (hwusingarevi kutya kunotangwa kwechishandiso chezvamatongerwe enyika chakavanzika.)

Nokuda kwokuraviwazve pamusoro penzira yokuziva nayo miitiro yokuvhota kwokusatendeseka, Pew Research Center inopa [[FLT: 0] nhungamiro inobetsera kumiitiro yokunzvera [[FLT: 1], uye American Association for Public Opinion Research inogovera peji yedzidzo yavose [ pane inoumba nzvero yapamutemo.