Table of Contents

Dare rehurumende rutivi rukuru rwegadziriro yemitemo yeAmerica, kubata nhau zhinjisa dzemitemo dzinotapura vagari vemo pahwaro hwezuva nezuva. Kutaura idi, matare ehurumende ari umo 95% yenhau dzose munyika inochengetwa; anonzwa mhaka dzinopfuura mamirioni 70 gore riri rose. Kunzwisisa matare ehurumende anoita, mashandire aanoita, uye marudzi enhau dzaanobata anogona kukubetsera kudzora gadziriro yeruramisiro nenzira inobudirira zvikuru ndokuonga basa rinotambudza masangano aya anoita mukudzivirira maruramiro ako nokupedza gakavadzano.

Chii Chiri Matare Ehurumende?

Matare ehurumende masangano okutonga akatangwa nebumbiro remitemo rehurumende uye masangano ehurumende kuti ape ruramisiro munyika dzawo dzakatsaukana. Masimba okutonga enyika dzimwe nedzimwe anowanzoiswa mumatare akasiyana - siyana akaumbwa nebumbiro remitemo rehurumende kana kuti (zvisingawanzopikirwa) mutemo.

Dare rehurumende imatare e "hurumende". Anonzwa mhaka dzose dzisina kusarudzwa zvakananga nokuda kwematare ehurumende. Ikoku kunoita matare ehurumende nzvimbo huru apo vaAmerica vazhinjisa vachasangana negadziriro yokutonga, kungava kupfurikidza nokuputswa kwemitongo, gakava remhuri, pomero dzoutsotsi, kana kuti kutongwa kwavagari vemo.

Kukura Uye Vhoriyamu Yemhosva Dzehurumende

Dare rehurumende muUnited States rinobata nhau dzinenge mamiriyoni 66 gore rimwe nerimwe dzinobatanidza nhau dzakasiyana - siyana dzemitemo, kubvira pamhaka dzemhuri kusvikira kumatikiti emotokari.uku kukwira kwenhau kunoratidza kuti matare ehurumende anokosha sei chaizvo kushandiswa kwegadziriro yedu yemitemo nenzanga yose zvayo.

Nepo matare ehurumende achibata nhau dzinokosha dzebumbiro remitemo remitemo nerehurumende, mitemo mizhinjisa inotitapura inopfuudzwa nehurumende dzehurumende, uye nokudaro matare ehurumende anobata nharo zhinjisa dzinodzora upenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva.Izvozvi zvinobatanidza chinhu chiri chose kubva pakupedza nharo dzomuvakidzani kusvikira kukutonga mhaka dzakakomba, kubva pakupedza nhau dzechatanuro kusvikira kukuita kuti zvitengwe.

Marudzi Emhosva Aitongwa Nematare Ehurumende

Dare rehurumende rine simba rakafara rokunzwa mhando dzakawanda dzakasiyana- siyana dzemhosva. matare ehurumende anotonga nyaya dzakawanda, kusanganisira nyaya dzemhosva, dzehurumende, dzemhuri, uye dzevamiririri. Ngationgororei imwe neimwe yemhaka huru idzi.

Mhaka Dzeutsotsi

Dare reHurumende rinobata matare makuru emhosva muUnited States.

Nhau zhinjisa dzakadaro imhaka dzavagari vemo dzinobatanidza zvitsama zvikuru zvemari kana kuti mhaka dzoutsotsi dzinomuka kubva mumatare akakomba akadai sokubatwa chibharo nokuponda. Kazhinji kazhinji, vatongi vanotongwa mumatare makuru, nepo zvisakarurama nemimwe mhaka miduku zvichitongwa mumatare akaderera anodzora. Iri sangano rehurumende rinovimbisa kuti mhaka dzinotongwa nematare ane unyanzvi hwakafanira nezviwanikwa.

Nyaya dzematsotsi mumatare ehurumende dzinosanganisira:

  • [[FOLT:0] Tsamba:[ mhosva dzakakomba dzakadai sokuponda, kubata chibharo, umbavha, kupamba, kupamba, kudenha, uye kunyanyisa
  • Misdemers:[[FT:1] Thongo dzakakomba semhosva dzakapfava, kuba kuduku, kuparadza zvinhu, uye mufambiro usina nhevedzano
  • Kupunzika kweTraffic: matikiti okukurumidzisa, DUI/DWI inobhadharwa, kutyaira nokusangwarira, uye mamwe matsotsi emotokari
  • Mhaka dzemirimo: COM, govera, uye kugadzira zvinhu zvinodzorwa pasi pomutemo wehurumende

Kutyaira kunosanganisira kuputswa kwemhosva kwemhosva, zvakadai sematikiti anomhanya, uye mhosva dzeutsotsi, kusanganisira kutyaira nerezenisi rakaregwa.

Mhaka Dzavagari Vemo

Dare rehurumende rinonzwa nyaya dzakawanda dzevagari vemo uye dzemhosva, kubva pakukuvara uye kubvumirano kusvika kumatare makuru uye matikiti anomhanya.

Nyaya dzehurumende nedzebhizimisi dzinobatanidza nyaya dzehurumende dzinobatanidza mari kana zvinhu.Aya matare anobatanidza nyaya dzakawanda zvikuru:

  • kutaura kuvadziko yomunhu oga: Nhau dzinobatanidza tsaona dzemotokari, tsvedza uye zvinoitika, kusashanda zvakanaka kwezvokurapa, uye njodzi yezvigadzirwa
  • [[FOLT:0] Kakavadzano: kusabvumirana pamusoro pezvibvumirano zvebhizimisi, zvibvumirano zvebasa, uye kutengeserana kwevatengi
  • [[[FURU:0] Kukakavadzana: kukakavadzana, kukakavadzana kwenzvimbo, uye kutengeserana nzvimbo
  • [ Mitemo yokuwana zvikwereti zvisingabhadharwi, zvikwereti zvekadhi rechikwereti, uye zvikwereti
  • Nharo duku: Tsvakatadzo dzinobatanidza zvitsama zviduku zvemari, dzinobatwa zvakatanhamara mukukamuranisa kuduku
  • dziviriro yekonsi: Nhau dzinobatanidza kubiridzira, miitiro yebhizimisi inonyengera, uye makakatanwa evimbiso

Mhaka Dzemitemo Yemhuri

Mitemo yemhuri ndiyo nyaya dzinonyanya kunetsa uye dzinoparirwa nematare ehurumende.

Nyaya dzemitemo yemhuri dzinotongwa nematare ehurumende dzinosanganisira:

  • Kuparadza nokuparadza: kugumisa roorano nekamuraniso yezvinhu zveroorano zviri pamutemo
  • [ Kuchengeta mwana nokushanyira: Kusarudza kodzero dzavabereki nemitoro yavana vaduku
  • [ Tsigiro yomwana: Kugadza nokusimbisa misengwa yetsigiro yemari nokuda kwavana
  • [ Tsigiro/aimonimoni: inoratidzira tsigiro yemari pakati pavaichimbova vakwanyina
  • [ Kutemwa kwemitemo kuvamba ukama hwomubereki nomwana
  • [[[IDZO]] Kubereka: kugadza kuva baba vapamutemo
  • [ Mirairo yamasimba masimba echisimba: dare kudzivirira vanyajambwa vokubatwa zvisina kufanira
  • statialship: kugadza vachengeti vapamutemo nokuda kwevaduku kana kuti vakuru vakaremara

Gadzirisa Uye Nhau Dzezvikwereti

Mumaruwa akawanda, matare ehurumende anotonga nyaya dzakadai senyaya dzinotongwa nedare rinenge richikwikwidzana, kukumbirwa kwevanotarisira, kurerwa nevamwe, zvichingodaro.

Zviitiko zvoutsotsi zvinosanganisira:

  • [[FOL:0] probate: kusimbisa uye kuita zvido zvomunhu akafa
  • utarisiri hweruwa: Kutarisira nokuparadzira zvinhu zvomunhu akafa
  • Kutevedzana kwechiIntestate: Kuparadzira nharaunda apo mumwe munhu anofa pasina chido
  • [ Tsamira urongwa: Kuona kutarisira kwechivimbo
  • [[FT:0] Zvikepe zvokuongorora: Kugadza mumwe munhu kuti atarisire nhau dzemari dzomunhu akaneta

Nhau Dzakaoma

Matare akawanda ehurumende ane matare evechiduku kana kuti mapoka anobata nyaya dzine chokuita nezviduku.

  • [[FOLT:0] Juvenile misikanzwa: Tsamba dzoutsotsi dzinoitwa navana vaduku
  • Status mhosva:[ Tsika dzisati dziri dzapamutemo bedzi nemhaka yezera romunhu, dzakadai seruzha kana kuti kutiza
  • [ Kuda uye kuregeredza: mhaka dzinobatanidza kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana kana kuti kuregeredzwa
  • Kubviswa kwamaruramiro avabereki: kugura chose chose ukama hwomubereki nomwana hwapamutemo muzvinoitika zvakakomba

Mabasa Makuru Nemabasa eDare Rehurumende

Dare rehurumende rinoita mabasa anokosha anoverengeka mugadziriro yedu yemitemo. Basa guru rebazu rinotonga nderokupedza nokusasarura nharo maererano nomutemo. Ngationgororei mitoro mikuru yematare ehurumende.

Kududzira uye Kushandisa Mitemo yeHurumende

Vatongi vanofanira kuverenga uye kunzwisisa mitemo, uye mitemo yehurumende, vobva vaishandisa panhau imwe neimwe.

Nokuti hurumende dzine mutoro wemitemo yadzo dzimene, matare ehurumende ane mutoro mumwe nomumwe wokududzira nokusarudza nhau dzebumbiro remitemo rehurumende yawo.

Kupedza Makakatanwa

Basa raJudicia nderokupa munhu ari wose mvumo yakarurama kumatare kupedza zvinetso zvapamutemo nenzira yakarurama neinobudirira. matare ehurumende anogovera nzvimbo umo vanhu vamwe navamwe, mabhizimisi, uye masangano ehurumende vanogona kuunza gakava ravo nokuda kwechisarudzo. Chingava kusawirirana pakati pavavakidzani, gakava pakati pamabhizimisi, kana kuti muroveri wemhaka, matare ehurumende anopa muitiro wakarongeka wokupedza rwisano.

Kukwanisa kukurukura nevanhu kunoitwa nematare ehurumende nenzira dzakawanda, zvakadai sokushanda mudare rinobetsera vatongi, kugadzirisa nyaya dzematare, kana kuti kugadzirisa nyaya dzematare.

Kuziva Kuva Nemhosva Kana Kuti Kukanganisirwa

Munyaya dzoutsotsi, matare ehurumende anosarudza zvakarurama kuva nemhaka kana kuti kusava nemhaka kwomunhu upi noupi anopomerwa mhaka. mutoro uyu unokosha kudzivirira zvose zviri zviviri kuchengeteka kwavanhu nekodzero dzavo.matare ehurumende anofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti vapomerwi vanopomerwa mhaka vanopiwa mhosva nenzira yakarurama, kuti ufakazi ihwohwo hunorangarirwa zvakafanira, uye kuti chisarudzo ichocho chakavakirwa paufakazi husingapanikirwi hunonzwisisika.

Muitiro weruramisiro youtsotsi mumatare ehurumende unobatanidza kururamisa, kuisa nyaya pakutanga, kukumbira, kutongwa, uye kutongerwa.

Kudzivirira Kodzero Dzebumbiro Remitemo

Dare rehurumende rinotsanangura mitemo uye rinodzivirira kodzero nerusununguko zvinovimbiswa neBumbiro Remitemo reCalifornia neUnited States.

Matare ehurumende ane simba rakaregwa paupenyu hwevaAmerica, achidzivirira kodzero uye ruramisiro iri kufambira mberi pasi pebumbiro remitemo rehurumende rinogona kuva rinopa pfungwa mberi zvikuru kupfuura Bumbiro Remitemo reUnited States. Mabumbiro emitemo akawanda anopa dziviriro dzakakura kupfuura Bumbiro remitemo rehurumende munzvimbo dzakadai sekodzero dzepachivande, kodzero dzedzidzo, uye kudzivirira mhoteredzo.

Dare guru rehurumende rinowanzova neshoko rokupedzisira panyaya dzakawanda dzinokosha — kuwana dzidzo yakakwirira, kudzivirira vatengi nevashandi, kuwana tarisiro yeutano hwokubereka, uye kunaka kwemhepo yatinofema nemvura yatinonwa.

Kutsigira Kuwirirana Nebumbiro Remitemo reHurumende

Dare rehurumende rine chiremera chokuhwirudzura mitemo yehurumende nezviito zvehurumende kuti zvive nechokwadi chokuti zvinowirirana nezvinodikanwa zvebumbiro remitemo rehurumende. matare ehurumende akasununguka kumanikidza mutemo upi noupi, mirau, kana kuti mutemo usingapesani kana kuti kuvhara zvibvumikiso zveBumbiro remitemo rehurumende (kana kuti bumbiro remitemo rehurumende).

Kuongorora uku kunoita kuti matare ehurumende apedzisire aparadza mitemo yenyika kana kuti zviito zvehurumende zvinoputsa mitemo yehurumende.

Kudzivirira Ubati Ushe Hwehurumende Hunosarudzwa Navanhu

Dare rehurumende rinoita basa rinokosha munhau dzine chokuita nesarudzo, kusanganisira zvinetso zvokugadzirisa, nyaya dzokuvhota kodzero, uye kupokana pamusoro pemasarudzo uye migumisiro.

Muna 2020, matare makuru akawanda anotaura kuti akaita basa iroro chairo, achibudisa mitemo inokosha yokudzivirira kutarisirwa kwesarudzo uye kuvimbisa kuti vanhu vakwanise kupinda musarudzo yakasununguka uye yakanaka.

Kuvakwa Kwematare Ehurumende

Mitemo yakasiana ine nzira dzakasiana-- siyana dzokukwikwidza nadzo matare avo. Zvisinei, nyika dzose dzine chimiro chedare rapasi, matare ehurumende, uye dare rapamusorosoro rehurumende. Nepo mazita akananga nesangano zvichisiana muhurumende nehurumende, miitiro yedare zhinjisa yehurumende inotevera chimiro chakafanana chezvitatu.

Dare Rokutonga (Cherty of Trought)

Iri idare rakaderera zvikuru uye kazhinji kacho ndiro rinobva nyaya kana kuti dare. matare okutonga ndiwo anotangira nyaya, ufakazi hunopiwa, zvapupu, uye zvisarudzo zvokutanga zvinoitwa.

Mudare kana kuti dare guru, mutongi, uye pane dzimwe nguva vatongi, vanonzwa chipupuriro noufakazi ndokusarudza mhaka kupfurikidza nokushandisa mutemo kumaidi enhau yacho. Iri basa reidi rinowana ndiro rinosianisa matare anotonga nematare anobetsera.

Matare Okutonga Kwomutungamiriri Wehurumende

Matare okutonga angava matare ehurumende yose zvayo, akadai sedare redunhu kana kuti rapamusoro, kana kuti angava matare ehurumende chaiyo kana kuti akaganhurirwa, akadai sedare rezvebhizimisi, revaduku, kana kuti remhuri. Dare rehurumende rinodzora rinogona kunzwa chinodokuva rudzi rupi norupi rwenhau, kubatanidza nhau dzoutsotsi dzakakomba uye mhaka dzavagari vemo dzinobatanidza zvitsama zvikuru zvemari.

Dare iri rinonyatsobata:

  • Mhaka dzoutsotsi dzinonzwika
  • Zviitiko zvevagari vemo kupfuura rimwe danho redhora
  • Kunzwisisa Kwakaoma
  • Mhosva dzisingapindiri mumatare chaiwo

Matare Okupomerwa Mhosva

Mamwe matare akagadzira matare ane simba rakaganhurirwa, izvi zvinoreva kuti anogona kungonzwa nyaya dzacho maererano nemitemo yawo.

Matare anozivikanwa navose ane simba rakaganhurirwa anobatanidza:

  • matare maduku anotaura: Anobata nharo dzavagari vemo dzinobatanidza zvitsama zvishomanene zvikuru zvemari, nemiitiro isina kuoma uye kazhinji kazhinji pasina magweta
  • matare eTraffic: Bata nokuputswa kwemotokari nemhosva dzakafanana
  • matare emhuri: Anonangidzira ngwariro zvikurukuru pamitemo yemhuri nhau dzakadai sechatanuro, kodzero yokuchengeta mwana, uye tsigiro
  • [[[FOL:0] matare eProbate:[ anobata kutarisirwa kwenzvimbo nenhau dzakafanana
  • [[[NHAU] matare eJuvenile: Anobata nenhau dzinobatanidza vaduku
  • matare eguta: Anobata mhaka duku dzoutsotsi nokuputswa kwomutemo kwomunzvimbomo
  • matare okurumbidza: Anoita kuti kusawirirana kwemuri wenzvimbo uye kuputswa kwemitemo yedzimba

Matare akawanda ehurumende anobata nhau dzemhosva anewo mapoka akasiyana - siyana kana kuti vatongi vanogoverwa kubata mamwe marudzi emhosva, anozivikanwa se "dare rinotonga pamutemo. Zvinetso zvinotonga matare anodzora zvikamu zvenhamburiko huru yokuchinja dzinozivikanwa semitemo yekurapa inoedza kugadzirisa nhau dziripo dzinotungamirira kuvanhu vamwe chete voga vanongogara vachibuda mumatare eutsotsi, kuitira kuti vaderedze kutsiva.

Dare Rokubvunzurudza

Hurumende zhinjisa dzine gadziriro yedare ine mapoka matatu umo mune matare apakati "appeleta" anohwirudzura rutongeso rwedare rinobetsera vatongi kana kuti mirangariro yedare rinotonga (pahwaro hwakaganhurirwa uye pasi pomupimo wakakomba). Aya matare anobatira somwero wokutanga wehwirudzuro nokuda kwechisarudzo chinoitwa nematare anotonga.

Samatare epamberi perefute, basa rawo guru nderokunzwa zvikumbiro zvinobva kumikumbiro yavose, matare emisionare nedare reruwa. Mhaka imwe neimwe inonzwiwa ndokutongwa nedare redare redare. Kusafanana nematare edare, matare anotungamirira haanzwi ufakazi hutsva kana kuti ufakazi. Panzvimbo pezvo, ivo vanohwirudzura chinyorwa chakanyorwa mudare rinotonga ndokurangarira zvibvumikiso zvapamutemo pamusoro pokuti mhosho dzakaitwa here.

Zvisarudzo zvedare zvinotongwa zvinohwirudzurwa:

  • Mhosho dzepamutemo mukushandisa mutemo
  • Zvikanganiso zvemasikirwo zvakakanganisa mugumisiro wacho
  • Kuputswa kweBumbiro reMitemo
  • Kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwokuchenjera nomutongi anotonga
  • Uchapupu husinganyatsotsigiri mutongo wacho

Kana Dare Rinotonga rikawana Dare Guru rikaita chikanganiso, rinogona kuchinja chisarudzo kana kuti kudzorera kuDare Rinotonga nokuda kwechimwe chiito. Kuongorora uku kunobatsira kusimbisa kusachinja uye kururamisa mukushandiswa kwomutemo.

Matare Apamusorosoro Ehurumende

Dare iri rokupedzisira rokukwirira nyaya dzose dziri muhurumende iyoyo. Dare repamusorosoro rinogara pamusoro pedare rehurumende uye rine chirevo chokupedzisira panhau dzomutemo wehurumende.

Dare repamusorosoro rine simba rokusarudza nyaya dzaro, kureva nyaya dzaro, richinyanya kutaura nezvenyaya dzinokosha dzinosanganisira mibvunzo yepamutemo kana kuti kurwisana kwepamutemo.

Dare guru rehurumende:

  • Kuongorora zvisarudzo zvaitwa nematare epanguva pfupi
  • Pedza kusawirirana pakati pezvisarudzo zvedare zvakasiyana
  • Kunzwisisa urongwa hwebumbiro remitemo rehurumende
  • Gadza mienzaniso yapamutemo inosunga matare ose maduku muhurumende
  • Rovedza simba raunowana pakutanga mune mamwe marudzi ezviitiko
  • Kutarira pamusoro kutarisirwa kwegadziriro yedare rehurumende
  • Rovedza muitiro womutemo mukati mehurumende

Mubasa iri, somuenzaniso, vane mutoro wokukumbira mari uye kuita zvisarudzo zvokutarisira matare ose zvawo.

Matare ose makuru anotaura kuti idare rinotonga zvikuru pamutemo rinotungamirira magweta ose ari munyika yawo uye rinosarudza kuti ndiani anogona kushandisa mutemo uye kana magweta achibvumirwa kutyora mitemo yetsika, iyo inowanzoiswawo semitemo yedare rehurumende.

Kusiana Kwakaita Matare Ehurumende Nematare Ehurumende

Kunzwisisa musiyano uri pakati pematare ehurumende nehurumende kunokosha kumunhu upi noupi anofamba nomugadziriro yemitemo. Sezvo mutemo mukurusa wenyika, Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. rinoparira gadziriro yehurumende yehurumende umo simba rinogoverwa pakati pehurumende yehurumende yehurumende nehurumende. zvose zviri zviviri hurumende yehurumende nehurumende imwe neimwe yehurumende ine gadziriro dzayo dzimene dzedare.

Kupomerwa: Musiyano Mukuru

Musiyano mukuru pakati pematare ehurumende nehurumende ndewokutonga. Juriscion zvinoreva marudzi enyaya anogona kutongwa nedare rakati.

Kunyange zvazvo matare ehurumende achingogona kunzwa nyaya dzinobvumirwa zvakananga neBumbiro Remitemo kana kuti nemitemo yehurumende, matare ehurumende anogona kunzwa chinodokuva rudzi rupi norupi rwemhaka isingachengeterwi matare ehurumende bedzi.

Vagadziri vemitongo vanogadza gadziriro yedare rehurumende iyo inogona bedzi kunzwa mhaka mumigariro chaiyo. Sezvo matare ehurumende achingogona bedzi kunzwa marudzi akati enhau, mizhinjisa yemhaka yezuva nezuva iyo matare anobata nezvinoitika mumatare ehurumende.

Marudzi Emhosva Mumatare Ehurumende

Matare ehurumende ane chiremera chakaganhurirwa uye anogona bedzi kunzwa marudzi akati enhau. Matare eFederal anonzwa nhau dzinomutsa mubvunzo we "nhau yemhosva" unobatanidza United States Government, Constitution yeUnited States, kana kuti mimwe mitemo yehurumende; uye mhaka dzinobatanidza "kuva mugari wemo," idzo dziri gakava pakati pamapoka maviri asiri enyika imwe kana kuti nyika, uye apo kutaura kwacho kunosangana nechikumbaridzo chemari chakati wakarongwa nokuda kwekuvadziko. Zvikurukurukuru, matare ehurumende anoteerera utsotsi, nzanga, uye kubhurokesa.

Mienzaniso yenyaya dzedare rehurumende inosanganisira:

  • Mhaka dzinobatanidza mitemo youtsotsi yomubatanidzwa (kuba mubhangi, kuba, kutengesa mirimo kwehurumende)
  • Zvinetso zvebumbiro remitemo
  • Kusawirirana pakati pehurumende
  • Nhau dzinobatanidza masangano ehurumende
  • Kupinzwa Muropa
  • Mhosva dzepaten nedzokuburitsa mashoko
  • Nhau dzokutama
  • Nhau dzemitemo dzekwaichengetedzwa

Mukupesana, matare ehurumende anobata nhau zhinjisa dzemitemo dzisingabatanidzi mibvunzo yomubatanidzwa, kubatanidza kukwikwidza mhaka kwakawanda kwoutsotsi, nhau dzemhuri, mhaka dzokuita bhizimisi, kukakavadzana kwebvumirano, kutaura kwokukuvara kwomunhu oga, uye kakavadzano dzezvinhu.

Vhoriyamu Yemhosva

Musiyano pakati pematare ehurumende nehurumende unoshamisa. matare ehurumende anonzwa inenge 98% yemhosva, achiratidzira kuti matare ehurumende ndiwo umo vagari veAmerica vazhinjisa vachabatira pamwe negadziriro yekutonga. matare eFederal, nepo achikosha nokuda kwamarudzi akati enhau, anobata chikamu chiduku zvikuru chekakavadzano dzapamutemo dzenyika.

Kusarudza Kutonga

Kusafanana negadziriro yehurumende — umo vatongi vanosarudzwa naPurezidhendi, vanosimbiswa naDare, uye vanobatira nokuda kwoupenyu — rutongeso rwokutonga pamwero wenyika runosiana zvikuru uye runogona kuva runokangaidza zvikuru.

Nepo vamwe vatongi vedare rehurumende vachigadzwa, vazhinjisa vanosarudzwa. Vatongi vanoziviswa vangaoneka kuva vanovhota munzira nhatu: (1) sarudzo dzinosarudzwa, umo vanoda kutora vavhota; (2) sarudzo dzisina kurongwa; kana kuti (3) kuderera kwebasa, umo muvhoti bedzi nevokuvhota vanosarudza kana vachida kupa rimwe zita.

Dzimwe nyika dzinoshandisa gadziriro dzakakodzera kusarudzwa (dzinonziwo "Missouri Plan") uko vatongi vanogadzwa pakuvamba pahwaro uye ipapo kutarisana nesarudzo. Dzimwe nyika dzinoita kuti vatongi vadzo kana kuti vagadzi vemitemo vagadzire vatongi nokuda kwemashoko akagadzwa kana kuti kutozosvikira pakurega basa.

Muitiro Wokukwirira Mumatare Ehurumende

Kana mumwe wevamiririri vacho asingagutsikani nechisarudzo chedare rakaderera, nhau yacho ingatorwa pakukwirira.

Kurevererwa mukutonga kwemhosva hakugoni kukwidzwa nehurumende nemhaka yeFindromendment yeChishanu inodzivirira panjodzi dzakapetwa kaviri.

Kana munhu ane chikonzero chokudavira kuti chisarudzo chakapiwa nedare rinobetsera vatongi kana kuti mutongi chakanga chisina kururama, anogona kukwidza chisarudzo ichi kudare rinoona nezvedare rinenge richitonga.

Hurumende 47 nehurumende yehurumende inobvumira chinenge chikumbiro chimwe chechisarudzo chokupedzisira pamipimo yacho, kureva kuti dare rinogamuchira bhengi racho rinofanira kusarudza kukwirira pashure pokunge rapfupikiswa ndokukakavadzana zvakarurama.Izvi zvinosimbisa kuti vakwidzi vane rinenge banza rimwe rokuva nehwirudzuro yedare rakakwirira nokuda kwezvikanganiso zvedare.

Icho Matare Anohwirudzura

Kunokosha kunzwisisa kuti matare anotonga haasati achinzvera nhau kana kuti kunzwa ufakazi hutsva. Panzvimbo pezvo, anohwirudzura chinyorwa chapamutemo chakabva kudare rokutonga kuti aone kana zvikanganiso zvakaitwa izvo zvakatapura muuyo. Dare rinopa ngwariro pamibvunzo yomutemo panzvimbo pemibvunzo yeidi.

Zvimwe zvikonzero zvinozivikanwa zvinobatanidza:

  • Mirayiridzo yedare rinobetsera vatongi isina kururama
  • Kubvuma kana kuti kurasa uchapupu kusina kukodzera
  • Uchapupu husinganyatsotsigiri mutongo wacho
  • Zvikanganiso mukushandisa mutemo
  • Kuputswa kweBumbiro reMitemo
  • Kusazvibata Kwokutonga Kana Kuti Rusaruro
  • Mibayiro yakanyanyisa kana kuti isina kukwana

Kukwezva Kunobvira

Apo dare rinoongorora nyaya yacho, rinogona kuongorora:

  • Sviding: Anotsigira chisarudzo chedare rinotonga
  • [[FT:0] Tsvene: Dzora chisarudzo chedare rokutonga
  • [[FOLT:0] Remand: Tsimira nyaya yacho kudare rinotonga nokuda kwezvimwe zvinoitika
  • [ Ronga: Chinjo rutivi rwechisarudzo chedare rokutonga apo unotsigira mamwe mativi

Kupomerwa: Kunzwisisa Chiremera cheDare

Chiremera chedare chikuru chokunzwa uye kana kuti kutonga nyaya yedare inonzi imhosva yayo. MuUnited States, chiremera chinopiwa dare kana kuti dare nomutemo kana kuti nebumbiro remitemo. dare rinokwanisa kunzwa nokusarudza mhosva bedzi idzo dzine nhau dzinowirirana nedare.

Chisarudzo chapamutemo chinoitwa nedare risina chiremera chakafanira chinorangarirwa kuva chisina chinhu uye chisingasungiri pavatsigiri.Icho chinoparira chiremera munhau iri yose (pamberi pedare ringagona kusarudza zvakafanirwa negakava, chinofanira kutanga kusimbisa kuti rine chiremera chokunzwa nhau yacho.

Marudzi Okutsiva

Matare anogona kuva nemarudzi akasiyana - siyana okutonga:

  • Chiremera chenhau dzinodzorwa: kunzwa marudzi akati enhau (mutongo, mugari wehurumende, mhuri, zvichingodaro).
  • Chiremera pamativi anobatanidzwa muchinoitika chacho
  • Hurumende yeGeographic: Chiremera mukati menharaunda yakati yenzvimbo
  • Chiremera chokunzwa nhau kwenguva yokutanga:
  • Control: Chiremera chokuhwirudzura zvisarudzo zvematare echiduku
  • muganhu wakapararira: dare rimwe bedzi ndiro rinogona kunzwa nhau yacho
  • Kudzora panguvayo: dare rinopfuura ringanzwa nhau yacho

Kupa mhosva inzvimbo iyo dare rine simba rokusarudza nyaya.

Kusiyana Kwemagariro Ematare Ehurumende

Kupesana kukuru, kubva kuhurumende kuenda kuhurumende, kwezvose zviri zviviri gadziriro nomuitiro mukati megadziriro dzedare chaizvoizvo kuri nemhaka yokuchengetwa kwamasimba iwayo akazvimirira kuhurumende kupfurikidza neBumbiro reMitemo reU.S.

Nyika imwe neimwe yakagadza gadziriro yayo imene yedare, iyo yakatungamirira kusiana pakati pemiitiro yedare rehurumende. Nepo nyika dzose dzichitevera chimiro chikuru chine mativi matatu, mazita chaiwo, sangano, uye miitiro zvinogona kusiana zvikuru.

Misiyano Mumazita eDare Nesangano

Mazita ematare anosiyana zvikuru panhau nehurumende. Icho imwe hurumende inodana kuti Dare reGuva reGuva reGuva" chinganzi Dare reNhenhare kana kuti "Dare rePriciality" mune imwe nyika. Dzimwe nyika dzine matare akaparadzana nokuda kwemhaka dzakasiyana - siyana dzemhosva, nepo dzimwe dzichibatanidza mhosva dzakasiyana - siyana mumatare akabatana.

Somuenzaniso, dzimwe nyika dzine matare emhosva neokutonga kwevagari vemo akaparadzana, nepo dzimwe dzine matare anodzora anobata zvose zviri zviviri.dzimwe nyika dzine matare enzvimbo, nepo dzimwe dzichironga matare adzo okutonga nemaruwa angabatanidza kuverengwa kunoverengeka.

Kusiyana Muzvinhu

Kunyange zvazvo nyika dzakawanda dzakashandisa mitemo yakafanana neFederal Rules of Civil Procedure, kazhinji kacho pane misiyano mikuru muudzame hwakadai seyiyi:

  • Mitemo yokumhanya uye mitemo yeganhuriro
  • Mitemo yakawanwa uye ganhuriro
  • Kudzidzira kufamba
  • Miitiro Yokutonga
  • Miitiro yokusarudza Jury
  • Kupa nhungamiro uye zvisarudzo zvokutambidza

Misiyano Mukushandisa Mari Nokutarisira

Mumwe musiyano ndewokuti matare ehurumende, kunyanya ehurumende ane simba rakaganhurirwa, anoitwa uye anotsigirwa senhengo dzehurumende kana kuti hurumende dzomunharaunda.

Dare rehurumende rinoshanda serutivi rwehurumende yehurumende ringangova nedare rinodzora, rinosimudzira unyanzvi uye kubatana kwemitemo. matare omunharaunda anoshanda semativi ehurumende dzomunzvimbomo anowanzozviona senhengo dzenzanga dzomunzvimbomo, panzvimbo pokuva vamiriri vehurumende yehurumende yacho pasina kusarura vanoshandisa mutemo wenyika.

Kusvika Kumatare Ehurumende Nekodzero Dzako

Kunyange zvazvo matare ehurumende achifanira kuwanikwa nevanhu vose pasinei nemari yaainayo kana kuti ruzivo rwepamutemo, kufambisa matare kunogona kuva kwakaoma, uye kunzwisisa kodzero dzako kunokosha.

Kodzero Yokumirira Mutemo

Munyaya dzoutsotsi, Bumbiro reMitemo rinovimbisa maruramiro kugweta. Une maruramiro okuva negweta rinokumirira pandyiko yavose kana ukapomerwa mhaka yemhosva kana kuti kukanganisa uye usingagoni kupinza gweta.Ichi maruramiro chinovimbisa kuti kunyange vakwirirwi vanowana ratidziro yapamutemo mukutonga kwoutsotsi.

Zvisinei, munhau dzehurumende, kazhinji kazhinji hakuna maruramiro ebumbiro remitemo kugweta rakagadzwa nedare. Kana ukasarudza kusapinza basa gweta, unofanira kuita nzvero yose yapamutemo, kugadzirira magwaro ako, mafaira, uye kubatira ufakazi hwako. Ikoku kunogona kuva kunodenha kuvanhu pasina rovedzo yapamutemo, uko kuri chikonzero nei matare mazhinji achipa zviwiro zvouzvibetsera amene nebetsero.

Zviwanikwa Zvinozvibatsira

Dare rehurumende rakawanda rakakudziridza zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvokuzviyamura nazvo kubatsira vanhu vari kuzvimirira (vanonzi "pro se" kana kuti "zvimene" zvigamuchidzwa). Izvi zviwanikwa zvingabatanidza:

  • Mawebsite edare ane mashoko epamutemo uye mafomu
  • Nzvimbo dzokuzviyamura pamatare
  • Masangano eyamuro yapamutemo
  • Zvirongwa zvepro bono zvegweta
  • Miitiro iri nyore yemarudzi akati ezvinoitika
  • Vatengesi vematare vanogona kupa nhungamiro yezvemagariro

Kubhururuka Kwemafiya Nemafiya Echifefeya

Zvisinei, matare anowanzova nemiitiro yokubhadharisa kana kuti kuderedza mibhadharo yevanhu vasingagoni kubhadhara.Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti kusvika kururamisiro hakurambirwi nemhaka yokusakwanisa kubhadhara mari yedare.

Kukosha Kwematare Ehurumende Muupenyu Hwezuva Nezuva

Dare rehurumende rinotapura anenge mativi ose oupenyu hweAmerica. Kubvira panguva yaunowana raisenzi yomuchairi (iyo inogona kuiswa kumatare edare) kukuchengetwa kwezvibvumirano, chisarudzo chegakava navavakidzani, dziviriro yavana, uye kutarisirwa kwenzvimbo pashure porufu, matare ehurumende anoita basa rinokosha.

Rangarira aya mamiriro ezvinhu ezuva riri rose umo matare ehurumende angabatanidzwa:

  • Kuputswa kweTraffic: Kana ukagamuchira tikiti rinomhanya, ungaikwikwidza mudare rehurumende
  • [[FORN:0] Gakava dzechipiri: Kusawirirana pakati pemabhizimisi kunopedzwa zvikurukuru mudare rehurumende
  • [ Nhau dzomunyika dzinoda kudzorwa: Kubatanidzwa nokuchengeteka zvinopinda mumatare ehurumende
  • Kuchinja kwemhuri: kurambana, gadziriro dzokuchengeta mwana, uye kurera vana vose zvinoda kubatanidzwa mudare rehurumende
  • dziviriro yemakonisi: Mikaha namabhizimisi pamusoro pezvinhu kana kuti mabasa akashata
  • [[[FT:0] Izvo zvinokuvara: kana wakakuvadzwa mutsaona, ungatsvaka muripo kudare rehurumende
  • Kuronga nyika: Zvido nechivimbo zvinopiwa kupfurikidza nematare ehurumende ezvemari
  • [ Ruramisiro: Kutonga kwakawanda zvikurusa kwoutsotsi kunoitika mumatare ehurumende

Zvinetso Zvinotarisana Nematare Ehurumende

Kunzwisisa zvinetso izvi kunogona kubatsira vagari vemo kunzwisisa kuoma kwegadziriro yokutonga uye kudiwa kwetsigiro yakakwana nezvinhu.

Kuwanda Kwezvinhu Nezvipingamupinyi

Vatongi vedare rehurumende vanowanzobhadharwa mari shoma, vane vashandi vaduku, uye vanotakura nyaya dzakakura kupfuura vamwe vavo mudare rehurumende. Izvi zvinogona kunonotsa kutongwa kwemhosva kana paine njodzi uye kutongwa panguva yakakodzera.

Nhamba Inowedzera Yevanozvimiririra

Kunyange zvazvo matare akagadzira zvinhu zvokubatsira vanozvimiririra, vanhu ava vanowanzotarisana nezvinetso zvikuru mukufamba mumitemo yakaoma uye kunzwisisa kodzero dzavo nemisengwa.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nemashandiro Acho Emazuva Ano

Matare ehurumende ari kushanda kuti agadzirise mashandiro aanoita achishandisa ruzivo rwekugadzira zvinhu, kusanganisira makombiyuta, mavhidhiyo okupa nyaya, uye makombiyuta kuti asvike pamarekodhi ematare.

Kuchengeta Rusununguko Rwokutonga

Muna 2021, vaiti vemitemo vehurumende vanoramba vachiitira matare ehurumende kuvavarira kuderedza kuzvimirira kwavo uye kukanganisa migumisiro yesarudzo yomunguva yemberi. Kudzivirira kuzvitonga kwedare asi vachichengeta chivimbo chavose mumatare kunoramba kuri chinetso.

Nzira Yokuita Navigate Courts

Kana uchifanira kukurukurirana nematare ehurumende, angave mutongi, mukwirirwi, chapupu, kana kuti mutongi, heano mamwe mazano anoshanda:

Nzwisisa Kuti Idare Ripi Rakapomerwa

Sarudza kuti idare ripi rine simba pamusoro penhau yako rakavakirwa parudzi rwemhaka, chitsama chiri mugariro, uye nzvimbo. Kukwira mudare risina kururama kunogona kuguma nokudzingwa kana kuti kuchinjwa kwenhau yako, kuchiparira kunonoka nendyiko dzokuwedzera.

Ziva Vakafa

Kurega kunyora nguva yaunofanira kunyora kungaita kuti upedze kodzero yako yokutaura kana kuti yokudzivirira.

Shandisa Zviwanikwa Zviripo

Shandisa mawebsite edare, masangano ezviyamuro zvepamutemo. Matare akawanda anopa zvimiro, mirayiridzo, uye zvinhu zvinobatsira vanhu kuti vashandise nzira. Usazeza kukumbira vashandi vedare kuti vakuudze mashoko ezviri kufungwa, kunyange zvazvo vasingagoni kuyeuka kutipa mazano epamutemo.

Funga Nezvokumiririra Kwepamutemo

Nepo une maruramiro okuzvimiririra umene, kuva negweta kunogona kuvandudza zvikuru bviro dzako dzebudiriro, zvikurukuru munhau dzakaoma.

Gadzirira Zvakanaka

Ronga magwaro ako, nzwisisa mitemo nemiitiro, gadzirira zvapupu zvako, uye fanoziva kuti pane zvimwe zvibvumikiso zvingaitwa nerimwe divi.

Kuremekedza Dare Zvinotaurwa Nemabhakitiriya

Kusvika panguva yakakodzera, kupfeka zvakakodzera, kudzima makombiyuta, kumisa mutongi, uye kutevedzera mitemo yose yedare.

Nguva Yemberi Yematare Ehurumende

Mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana - siyana ari kuumba remangwana rematare ehurumende:

Matare Anogadzirisa Zvinetso

Masangano akawanda ari kuwedzera matare anogadzikisa chinetso chaicho ayo anobata nhau huru dzinoparira zvinetso zvemitemo. matare emirimo, matare outano hwendangariro, matare akaremara, uye matare asina pokugara anoshandisa nzira yokurapa, achibatanidza vatori rutivi nokurapa nebetsero panzvimbo pokungoraira chirango.

Kugadzirisa Kumwe Kusawirirana

Miitiro iyi inogona kupedza kupesana nokukurumidza uye zvisingadhuri zvikuru kupfuura kuisa pfungwa panzvimbo yezvimwe zvinhu zvinokakavadzana, asi ichipa vanhu simba rokudzora mugumisiro wacho.

Kuchinja Kweruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu

Matare epanyika ari kuwedzera kuzivikanwa nenyaya dzematare anobatsira kuti zvinhu zvinyatsowanika uye zvive nyore.

Ngwarira Kusvika Kururamisiro

Kune kuzivikanwa kuri kuwedzera kwe "ruramisiro mukaha" .Musiyano pakati pezvinodikanwa zvapamutemo zvavanhu vakaderera navanowana zvine mwero nezviwanikwa zvinogovera zvinodikanwa izvozvo. matare ehurumende namasangano ebhawa zviri kutanga mitoo mitsva yokuwedzera kusvika kururamisiro, kubatanidza miitiro yakapfaviswa, vafambi vedare, uye mienzaniso yebasa itsva.

mhedziso

Kubva pakupedza matikiti emotokari kusvika pakusarudza mibvunzo yakaoma yebumbiro remitemo, kubva pakudzivirira vana kusvika pakutarisira zvivako, matare ehurumende anoita basa rinokosha mukuchengetedza mutemo uye kuvimbisa kusvika kururamisiro.

Kunzwisisa icho matare ehurumende anoita(_kudzora kwawo, gadziriro, miitiro, uye ukoshi) vagari vemo kuti vatungamirire gadziriro yapamutemo nenzira inobudirira zvikuru uye kutora rutivi zvizere zvikuru muupenyu hwomugari wemo. Kana muri kushanda mudare rinobetsera vatongi, kukwidza mhaka, kudzivirira mhaka, kana kuti kungoedza bedzi kunzwisisa kuti gadziriro yedu yapamutemo inoshanda sei, zivo yematare ehurumende inokosha.

Sezvo matare ehurumende anopfuurira kuchinja kuti agonane nedenho itsva nemikana, basa rawo guru rinoramba risina kuchinja: kugovera ruramisiro yakanaka, inowanika, uye inobudirira nokuda kwavose. kupfurikidza nokutsigira nokunzwisisa aya masangano anokosha, tinobetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti chipikirwa cheruramisiro yakaenzana pasi pomutemo chinoramba chiri chinhu chaicho nokuda kwomunhu ari wose.

Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro pegadziriro yedare rehurumende yako, shanyira nzvimbo yedare rehurumende yako yehurumende kana kuti bvunza National Center for State Courts, iyo inogovera zvitsama namashoko pamusoro pematare ehurumende munyika yose. Unogonawo kuwana mashoko anobetsera pamusoro pemisiyano pakati pematare ehurumende nehurumende pawebsite ye United States Dare [.