Sumo: Fandesheni Yokuzvidavirira Kune Dhemocratic

Kuzvidavirira kwehurumende ikokumira panzvimbo yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Inovimbisa kuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende vane mutoro wezviito zvavo nezvisarudzo. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuoma zvekuzvidavirira uku ndechokuwana mashoko. Pasina kuonekwa, vagari vemo havagoni kuita zvisarudzo zvava kuziva kana kuti kuita kuti vatungamiriri vavo vazvidavirire. Muzera remiitiro yakaoma uye mashoko ekombiyuta akawanda, kodzero yokuziva kuti haina kumbova inokosha zvikuru. Kuwana zvinyorwa zvehurumende, bhajeti, majekiseni emitemo, uye mashoko avose kunosimbisa vagari vemo kutora rutivi mune zvehurumende zvine revo, kushambadza, uye kurayira kuti vashandurwe. Kubva kumadare enyika inotonga nyika yose, nheyo yokuti mashoko avanhu ndeye vanhu ndeyepamutemo.

Asi, nepo fashoni yokuona ichirumbidzwa munyika yose, kuita kwayo hakuna kufanira. Hurumende dzakawanda dzichiri kushanda seri kwemasuo akavharwa, kuvanda kusakwanisa kana kuti uori kuseri kwemadziro ehurumende. Nyaya inonzvera chikonzero nei kuwana vanhu vose kunhau dzemashoko, mhinganidzo dzinopfuurira, uye zvirongwa (kubatanidza zvishandiso zvazvino uno) zvinogona kuita kuti hurumende izaruke zvirokwazvo.

Basa Rokuva Nomutsetse Mukudzora

Kujeka mumabasa ehurumende kunoita kuti vagari vemo vavimbe nevatungamiriri vavo. Kana vanhu vachigona kuwana mashoko pamusoro pemabasa ehurumende, vanogona kunzwisisa zviri nani kuti zvisarudzo zvinoitwa sei uye kuti zvinhu zvinoshandiswa nevanhu zvinoshandiswa sei. Uku kujeka kunoderedza kunyumwira uye kunovaka ukama hunovaka pakati pehurumende nenzanga.

Kuona chitarisiko kunoshandawo sechidziviso chine simba pakushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba. Apo vakuru vakuru vanoziva zviito zvavo zviri pasi penzvero yavose, sezvingabvira zvikuru vanoita mutsika nomumutemo. Nzvero nguva dzose inoratidza kuti nyika dzine mwero yakakwirira yeruzivo rwokuona nokuoneka yakaderera yemwero yeshati nekuita kwezvemari. Somuenzaniso, Corruption Perceptions Index kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji] dzinoshandura miitiro yemiitiro yemiitiro yemashoko inoita kuti ive nokuwandiswa kwakaderera kwezvioko zvakaderera uye mabasa avose ari nani.

Kubatanidzwa Nokuumbwa Nebasa

Transparency inokurudzira kuvimbisana kwevagari vemo. Vagari vanogona kuwana mari yehurumende, minutes yemisangano, uye zvikarakadzo zvemiitiro vakagadzirira zviri nani kugovera mhinduro, kupinda kunzwa, uye vhoti yakavakirwa pamaidi panzvimbo pekutaura. Iyi kurukurirano yapanhambo nenhambo inosimbisa masangano edemokrati uye inoita kuti mirau ive migumisiro inobatanidza vanhu vakawanda. Nyika dzakafanana neEstonia, iyo yakapayona kuzivisa, dzinoratidza kuti zvishandiso zvokuratidza nemagetsi zvinogona kuwedzera muvhoti uye kutora rutivi rwevoruzhinji mumasangano emitemo.

Kuderedza Uori Nokusununguka

Uori hunobudirira muchivande. Nokuita zvibvumirano, mapepa ezvemari, uye zviziviso zvepfuma zvinowanika pachena, zvinovhara mabudiro anoita kuti kubatanidzwa kugone. [FLT] .Open shat Office [, nhano yakasiyana- siyana inobatanidza marudzi anopfuura 70, yakanyora zviitiko apo kuchinja kwapamhene mashoko kwakaderera zvakananga mwero yeuori. Somuenzaniso, kubudisa mashoko avose muUkraine kwakatungamirira kukuchengetedzwa kwemari uye kuderedzwa kwemibatanidzwa pakati pavakuru vakuru vakuru navashandi.

Kuvandudza Masangano Anoitirwa Vanhu Vose

Kuona mamiriro ezvinhu ari pakati pemasangano, nzvimbo, uye nguva, zvichiita kuti zvikoro, zvipatara, zvive nyore kana vanhu vachiona zvazvinenge zvaguma zvaitika.

Betsero Dzokuwana Mashoko Kuvanhu Vose

Kuwana mashoko kune zvakawanda zvinobatsira kuhurumende inozvidavirira zvikuru; izvi hazvingoiti zvokungoda kuziva chete; zvinokosha kuti pave noutano hwakanaka hwehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu uye kuti vanhu vagarisane zvakanaka.

Kuziva Vagari Vomunyika

Apo vagari vemo vanenge vane masvingo ehurumende, vanogona kuita zvisarudzo zvakaziviswa pamusoro pemitemo nesarudzo. Kuwana mashoko kumarekodhi okuvhota eparamende, zvinyorwa zvemitemo, uye bhajeti inobvumira vavhoti kuyera mabhii nevanonzvera basa ravo chairo. Data.Gov[[FLT] nhano muUnited States, somuenzaniso, inoita zviuru zvemajeri anowanika, kuchigonesa vatori venhau, vatsvakurudzi, uye vatsigiriri kunzvera miitiro muutano, dzidzo, uye mhoteredzo inoziviswa iyi injini yehurumende inogamuchirwa.

Kutarisira Kwakawedzerwa

Kuona zviri nani kunobvumira kutarisira zviri nani zviito zvehurumende zvinoitwa nemasangano ehurumende neanoona. Vanoongorora vaongorori vehurumende, masangano anodzivisa uori, uye mapoka enzanga anovimba nezvinyorwa zvakavhurika kuti zvione kuwirirana nemitemo uye kuona kusawirirana. Kana mashoko anowanika pachena, kutarisira kunova mutoro unogoverwa pane kuva basa rakaganhurirwa. Somuenzaniso, Freedom of Information Act yeUK yakashandiswa navanyori venhau kuti vafukure pachena kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwemari yavose nezvisarudzo zvakavanzika.

Kurudziro Yokufuridzira

Kuwana mashoko kwavose kunogona kupa simba vanhu kuti vataure kusazvibata pasina kutya kutsiva. Apo muridzi anobvira anoziva kuti magwaro akavanzika akatozivikanwa kana kuti anogona kukumbirwa kupfurikidza nemitemo yapakarepo, ane nzira yakachengeteka yokufumura nayo chakaipa. Uyezve, dziviriro dzapamutemo nokuda kwevapfuri, dzakabatanidzwa nokuona, dzinoita mhoteredzo umo kusazvibata kwakaoma kuvanza. Chinoitika che FOIA kukumbira [ muUnited States zvakatungamirira kukubudisa marekodhi ayo anofumura zvinhu zvose kubva mukushatiswa kwemauto anoparira kushatiswa kwehondo kushatsa tsvina.

Betsero Dzemari Nenzanga

Kupfuura kuzvidavirira, mashoko ehurumende akazaruka anoita kuti pave nokutangwa kwezvemari. Makambani epachivande, kutanga, uye mapurofiti anoshandisa mashoko avose kugadzira maapur, kuongorora miitiro yemisika, uye kunatsiridza kufambiswa kwebasa. Somuenzaniso, mashoko chaiwo anogonesa kufamba kwemvura, uye mashoko outano anobetsera vatsvakurudzi kufambira mberi kwehosha. Kubatsira kwemari kupembedza kuiswa kwemari mumichina inooneka.

Mabasa Epamutemo Okuwana Mashoko

Kodzero yokuwana mashoko ehurumende inoiswa mumitemo kupota nyika. Nyika dzinopfuura 100 dzakagamuchira rusununguko rwemashoko (FOI) mabasa, kunyange zvazvo kushanda kwadzo kuchisiyana zvikuru. Mitemo yeFOI ine chokuita nemiitiro yakajeka nokuda kwezvikumbiro, mitsara yenguva chaiyo nokuda kwemhinduro, kuhesvurwa kutete, uye mitumbi miduku inozvimirira. Mitemo 19 yemitemo yenyika yose inogovera mipimo yemitemo yakadaro.

Matambudziko Akasiyana

Nyika dzakafanana neSweden dzakava nemitemo yokuwana yavose chifo cha 1766, nepo dzimwe, dzakadai seIndia (2005) neSouth Africa (20000), dzakaita misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvikuru. Regin to Information Act (RTI) inozivikanwa zvikuru nemhaka yokuti inobatanidza mibhadharo yakaderera nezvirango zvakasimba nokuda kwokusashanda zvakanaka, kuchiguma namamirioni ezvikumbiro pagore. Ikoku kwakapa simba vagari vomumaruwa kuti vasare vakuru vakuru vakuru vemo vomunzvimbomo vachizvidavirira, kuderedza ushambadza mupurogiramu dzegarikano, uye kuvandudza kupiwa kwebasa.

Utera Hunozivikanwa Navose Mumitemo yeFAI

Pasinei zvapo nefambiro mberi, mitemo yakawanda yeFOI ine zvirevo. Kuregeredzwa kwapamhene kwechengeteko yenyika, kurongwa kwapachivande kwakanyanyisa, uye mibhadharo yakakwirira zvinogona kuomesa kushandiswa. Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira mitero isina kuganhurirwa yokutsvaka nokukopa, dzichipinza nenzira inobudirira vagari vemo varombo mugadziriro yacho. Dzimwe dzinoisa “zvakavanzika zvechibharo” zvisaidzwa zvibvumirano. Nhambudzo dzeReformation dzinonangidzira pakuregeredza nokutanga vamiriri vemashoko vakasununguka kutsengabvumirani nekusawirirana.

Zvinetso Zvokuwana Mashoko

Pasinei zvapo nebetsero dzakajeka, kune denho huru dzokuva nechokwadi chokuwana mashoko kuvanhu vose.

Kudzivisa Kuitwa Nehurumende

Vamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende vangadzivisa kujeka nemhaka yokutya kunzverwa, kurasikirwa nokudzorwa, kana kuti kungovawo zvavo. Vamiriri vakarovedzana nokushanda semasuo akavharwa kazhinji kazhinji vanorangarira zvikumbiro zvenhau zvakazaruka sezvivhozhokerwa. Vanganonozesa mhinduro, vanotaura kuti marekodhi haapo, kana kuti nzvimbo dzezvinyorwa mumichina isingasvikiki. Chinjo yetsika inodikanwa mukati mehurumende kurangarira kuoneka sesimba, kwete tyisidziro.

Kushaikwa Kwezviwanikwa

Masangano akawanda haana zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti ape mashoko nenzira inobudirira. Zvinyorwa zvepepa zvinogadziriswa, vashandi vanorovedza nzira dzeFOI, uye kuchengetedza mahombekombe epaIndaneti zvinoda nguva nemari. Hurumende duku dzemo, zvikurukuru munyika dzichiri kubudirira, dzinorwisa kusvitsa zvinodiwa. Kuwana vanhu pasina mari yakakwana kunotungamirira kumhinduro dzinononoka uye kukumbira kwakakwana, zvichideredza zvinangwa zvadzo chaizvo zvokudzivirira.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvepamutemo

Mitemo nemirau dzimwe nguva zvinogona kudzivisa kuwanikwa kwamashoko. Vague kuhesvurwa nokuda kwe “chengeteko yenyika,” kana kuti“ fariro dzomunhu oga” zvinogona kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kudzivisa magwaro anofanira kuva avose. Mune dzimwe nyika, mitemo inoputsa kubudiswa kwezvakavanzika zvehurumende kupfuura gadziriro yehurumende yokuzivisa, inovhundutsa pepanhau. Reformation dzinofanira kudzikamisa itiro hanya dzapamutemo nechengeteko mukurwisana nekodzero dzevoruzhinji kuziva.

Nhau Dzezvoruzivo Nedzekuziva Zvinhu

Kunyange kana mashoko akawanikwa, angaoma kushandisa maPDF akagadzirwa nechekudhindwa, kana kuti mapepa akanyorwa. Kushaikwa kwemashoko anooneka mumichina kunodzivisa kuongorora nokushandisa. Uyezve, zvinetso zvemaidi zvakadai semipimo isingazivikanwi, tsananguro dzinopesana, uye mashoko akaremara zvinofanira kuderedza kuvimba.

Zvirongwa Zvokuvandudza Kuwana Mashoko

Kuti ukunde zvinetso izvi, mazano anoverengeka anogona kushandiswa kuvandudza kuwana mashoko kwevanhu vose.

Kuchinja Kwomutemo

Kuisa panzvimbo perusununguko rwakasimba rwemitemo yemashoko kunogona kubetsera kuwedzera kujeka. Kuchinja kukuru kunobatanidza kuderedza nguva dzemhinduro, kuderedza kana kuti kubvisa mitero, kuumba kunyorwa kwokuva pachena (kunovhozhokera zvinyorwa zvose kunze kwokunge zvasunungurwa zvakananga), uye kutanga marusando emitemo ezvinyorwa zvemimwe mibatanidzwa yedata (mabhiridhi, zvibvumirano, mapepa okuongorora). Mitumbi yokutarisira inotsamira pakushanda kwemari, yakadai saMakurukota emashoko, inogona kuvimbisa kubvumirana.

Kushandiswa Kwezvigadzirwa Zvemagetsi

Kushandisa zvikamu zvemakombiyuta zvekugoverana mashoko kunogona kuita kuti mashoko asvike zvikuru. Hurumende dzinofanira kutevera nheyo dzematai: kubudisa mashoko mumutauro wemabhayimendi, kwete mafomu eproprietary format (CSV, XML, JSON); shandisa zvikamu zvepurogiramu dzepurogiramu (APIS) nokuda kwokuwana nguva chaiyo; uye chengeta masuo apakati se data.gov.uk. Ruzivo rwezvigadzirwa nekombiyuta runoitawo kuti zvigone kuzivisa zviri muchadenga (*pubrifiti asati akumbirwa.Ch.C.so vagari vemo vanogona kuwana mhinduro pasina kukumbira chikumbiro.

Kuedza Kuzivisa Vanhu

Kudzidzisa vagari vemo nezvekodzero dzavo dzokuwana mashoko kunogona kuvapa simba rokuda kuona zviri pachena. Vanhu vakawanda havazivi mitemo yeFOI kana kuti vanowana muitiro wacho uchityisa. Zvikumbiro zviri nyore, zvinotungamirira, uye zvirongwa zvokurovedza vanhu zvinogona kuderedza mhinganidzo. MuIndia, vashingairi vanosimudzira mamiriro okunze enhau vanowanzova ne “zviitiko zvinoitirwa vanhu vose apo vagari vanodzidza kunyora zvikumbiro zveRTI uye vobva vagoverana migumisiro yacho munzanga.

Kuvaka Tsika Yokusununguka Mukati meHurumende

Kurovedza vashandi vehurumende pamusoro poukoshi hwokuona zvakanaka, panzvimbo pokukuona somutoro, kunokosha. Mitemo yeMashandiro ingabatanidza mhinduro dzakakodzera kumikumbiro yeFOI. Musengwa wenhungamiro kubva kuschemistry(paderenti, makurukota, vafundisi) chiratidzo chokuti kuva pachena chinhu chinokosha. Mienzaniso yakafanana ne “Transparate Agenda yeUK inoratidzira kuti vezvamatongerwe enyika vachachinja sei tsika dzechituve.

Kuongorora Zvirwere Zvokutanga Kuona Mavanga Akanaka

Kuongorora nzira dzinobudirira dzokuona nadzo kunobatsira chaizvo pakuongorora miitiro yakanaka.

Kushandira Pamwe Nehurumende (OGP)

Kutanga kwepasi pose kunokurudzira kuonana uye kuzvidavirira muhurumende. Nyika dziri nhengo dzinobvumira kuvandudza zvirongwa zvenyika nokuchinja zvinhu, zvakadai sokutora, kubhadharisa bhajeti, uye kuvimbika kwezvikamu zvehurumende. Kuongorora kweOGP kwakasununguka kunobatsira kufambira mberi uye kugoverana zvidzidzo munyika dzose 70+. Somuenzaniso, Georgia akashandisa zvibvumirano zvokuvandudza gadziriro yayo yokuwana zvinhu, ichiponesa mamiriyoni kupfurikidza namakwikwi akawedzerwa.

Midziyo.gov uye Mativi Anowanika

Website yehurumende yeU.S. .DHAV inogovera kusvika kupfuma yemashoko avose, kubvira kumiitiro yemamiriro okunze kusvikira kunhamba dzoutano. Yakafuridzira masuo akafanana munyika yose, zvakadai se open.canada. neEU] masuo anobvumira vafambi, vatsvakurudzi, uye vatori venhau kugadzira zvishandiso uye kubudisa nzwisiso izvo zvingadai zvisingabviri. Chinonyanya kuva kushandiswa kwemashoko apachena kukurudzira mari inotengwa, inoderedza kubiridzira.

Rusununguko Rwezvikumbiro Zvemashoko Runoshanda

Zviitiko zvinobudirira umo vagari vemo vakashandisa FOIA zvikumbiro zvokuwana mashoko akakomba. MuUK, vatori venhau vakashandisa FOI kuzivisa ndyiko yechokwadi yeHondo yeIraq uye ukuru hwe “mhosho inoparidzwa”. MuIndia, vashingairi vanorwira vanobudisa uori mukuparadzirwa kwezvokudya zviduku uye kugombedzera hurumende kuronga gadziriro. Mienzaniso iyi inoratidzira kuti apo kodzero yemashoko inotsigirwa navashandisi vakatsunga, inogona kuparira kuzvidavirira.

Muenzaniso Wehurumende YekuEstonia Unoratidza Kuti Iri Kushandisa Mari

Estonia inomira semutungamiriri wenyika yose mumitemo yemari inofambiswa nokujeka. Anenge mabasa ose ehurumende ari paIndaneti, uye vagari vemo vanogona kuwana zvinyorwa zvavo zvezvokurapa, mitero yemafaira, uye vhoti kupfurikidza neredhiyo yakachengeteka. Zvinokosha, X-Road yakabvumira kutsinhana kwakachengeteka kwemashoko pakati pemasangano nepo kuvimbisa vagari vemo kuona kuti ndiani anogona kuwana mashoko avo.

Basa Reruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Mukuedza Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka

Unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu hwamazuva ano hunopa mikana isina kumboitika yokuita kuti mashoko ehurumende awanike, ashandiswe, uye anzwisiswe.

Mipimo Yemashoko Yakazarurwa NeaP

Mafomati anoshandiswa anobvumira mashoko anobva mumanyuko akasiyana- siyana kubatanidzwa nokuongororwa. Zvirongwa zvepurogiramu zvinogonesa kusvika kwenguva chaiyo kumashoko akadai semamiriro okunze, motokari, kana kuti kuparadzwa kwemari. Somuenzaniso, International Aid Transparection Initive (IATATI) inoyera kuti mashoko okuyamura kufambira mberi anobudiswa sei, zvichiita kuti vapi nevagamuchiri vawane vawane vawane vawane vawane vazive mari nenzira inobudirira zvikuru.

Uchenjeri Hunogadzirwa uye Mashoko Makuru

A inogona kubetsera purogiramu ndokunzvera mavhoriyamu makuru ezvinyorwa zvehurumende, kuziva maatomalie, uye kupfupikisa magwaro akaoma. Maturusi eautomat reredaction anogona kudzivirira kuva oga achibudisa rugwaro rwasara. Zvisinei, maarufabheti anofanira kuva anojeka kuti adzivise kusimbisa fungidziro.

Kubatanidzwa Kwomugari Wemo

Maturusi anogadzirwa nemagetsi akadai semapuratifomu okuronga mari, maamburera anokarakadza, uye mapurogiramu anoiswa zvinhu zvakawanda anogonesa vagari vemo kupesvedzera zvakananga zvisarudzo zvehurumende. Mienzaniso inosanganisira Decidimim muSpain nevTaiwan muTaiwan, izvo zvakavandudza migumisiro yemitemo uye kugutsikana kwevanhu.

Mirayiro Yeramangwana Yehurumende Yakazaruka

Kuedza kubudisa pachena kunobva pakubudisa mashoko. Kuedza kwomunguva yemberi kuchanangidzira ngwariro pakuzivisa zvinhu zvinovhura nepokungomirira. Hurumende dziri kuramba dzichida “kuzarurwa nemitemo isingazivikanwi”, umo mapepa emashoko anowanzobudiswa kunze kwokunge pane chikonzero chinomanikidza chokuanyima.

Chimwe chinhu chinowanzoitwa kuvhengana kwokuona nokugadzirwa kwemabasa avose, anozivikanwa se “mashoko akavhurika kupfurikidza nemagadzirirwo.” Ikoku kunoreva kuvaka mano anobatanidza mashoko kupinda mugadziriro itsva kubva pakutanga, panzvimbo pokumutsidzira gare gare. Kuwedzera, kukura kworuzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu kunopa bhiringidzo yemitengo yehurumende inobvira kunyora zvinyorwa zvinodzivirira kutengeserana kwehurumende, kunyange zvazvo kugadzirika kwayo nesimba zvichiramba zviri zvinetso.

Nyika dzakawanda zvadzinowana misengwa yehurumende yapachena, kuda kufanana nevezera ravo uye kudzidzawo kuchaita kuti pave nefambiro mberi.

Kupedzisa: Nzira Iri Mberi

Kuzvidavirira kwehurumende kunokosha nokuda kwehurumende inotonga, uye kuwana mashoko kunokosha kuti uwane uku kuzvidavirira. Kupfurikidza nokusimudzira kuonana, kukurira zvinetso, uye kudzidza kubva kuzviito zvinobudirira, tinogona kutanga ruzivo rwakawanda uye kuvimbisana kwevagari vemo. Rwendo rwokubva pahurumende yakavharwa kuti ivhure hurumende harusi nyore, kunoda kuti vanhu varambe vachiwana mari, vachiisa mari mumabasa, uye kuti tsika dzienderere mberi mumasangano. Asi mibayiro yacho yakakura: uori, mabasa anobatsira vanhu vose, uye nzanga umo vagari vemo vari vakabatana muhurumende pane kuti vadzore.

Mugari wemo ari wose ane basa rokuita. Indai rusununguko rwechikumbiro chamashoko, tsigira zvirongwa zvematai enhau zvakazaruka, kana kuti kumbanira boka romunzvimbomo rokuona pachena. Apo mashoko anofambiswa norusununguko, simba rinonzverwa, uye democracy inobudirira. Pakupedzisira, hurumende yakazaruka uye inozvidavirira ndeimwe inobatira vanhu vayo zvinobudirira.