Apo ngwavaira dzomusikirwo dzinorovanya(zvimene, mhepo dzinopisa, mafashamo, kana kuti kudengenyeka kwapasi) mubvunzo wapakarepo pandangariro dzakawanda ndouyu: ndiani ari kutungamirira? Mhinduro haiwanzova nyore. MuUnited States, mhinduro yengwavaira ibasa rakasimba rinobatanidza mamiriro ezvinhu omunzvimbomo, hurumende, uye hurumende, rimwe nerimwe rine mitoro yakasiana inofanira kushanda pamwe chete mudzvinyiriro yakanyanyisa. Kunzwisisa aya mabasa haasati ari bedzi dzidzo; kunogona kubetsera vagari vemo, vatungamiriri venzanga, uye varidzi vebhizimisi kudzora njodzi chaiyoiyo nenzira inobudirira zvikuru.

njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dziri kuwedzera muzvose zviri zviviri uye ukuru. Mukuwirirana ne National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States yakava nengwavaira dzezuva nemamiriro okunze akaparadzana 28 mu2023 moga, zviitiko zvakakwirira. Izvi zvinoratidza kudikanwa kwedavidzo yehurumende yakasanosanosa pamwero uri wose. Nyaya inonzvera kuti njodzi dzomunharaunda, nharaunda, uye hurumende dzemubatanidzwa dzinotarisira sei njodzi dzomusikirwo, mano uye mamiriro ezvinhu adzo anoguma sei.

Hurumende Yomunzvimbomo: Mutsetse Wokutanga Wokuzvidzivirira

Kana dutu rikavhuvhuta kana kuti mafashamo akawira munharaunda, vakuru vakuru vemaruwa ndivo vanofanira kutanga vaita chimwe chinhu.

Masangano Ekurumidziro Nechengeteko Yavose

Madhipatimendi edzinodzima moto omunharaunda, mapurisa, uye mabasa okurapa ekurumidziro (EMS) ndiwo anowanzova vapinduri vezvinenge zvichiitika. Masangano aya anoshanda pasi penhungamiro yeguta kana kuti mamaneja enjodzi, anoronga nhamburiko dzokutanga dzokutsvaka, kurapa, uye kubudisa mirayiridzo yokubuda. Kuchengeteka kwevanhu ndicho chinhu chikuru: zviremera zvomunzvimbomo zvinosarudza kuti ndepapi uye kuti ndepapi pokubudisa zviratidzo, kugadzira misasa, uye migwagwa inovhara migwagwa kana kuti mabhiriji zvinoparira ngozi.

Somuenzaniso, panguva yaipisa masango emoto 2023 Maui, vakuru vakuru veMaui County vakanga vane mutoro wokupa nyevero dzokutiza, kugadzira vashandi vanodzima moto, uye kutarisira mabasa okudzima moto nokukurumidza pashure pezvinenge zvaitika.

Kutarisira Zvirongwa Nokugadzirira Kwenzanga

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinotarisirawo gadziriro dzinochengeta nzanga dzakachengeteka: migwagwa, mabhiriji, gadziriro dzemvura, mitsetse yemagetsi, uye zvivako zvavose. Dzinofanira kunzvera nokugadzira zvinhu zvinokosha pashure pengwavaira ndokuvimbisa kuti zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvinodzorerwa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Kupfuura mhinduro, masangano omunzvimbomo anoisa mukugadzirira nzanga , kugovera mabhokisi okugovera migove yekurumidziro, uye masangano edzidzo yavose. Somuenzaniso, nzanga dzakawanda dzomumahombekombe dzinoita masuo egore negore kuti dzigadzirire masuo okudzidzisa vagari vemo kuti vachengetedze misha yavo ndokuita gadziriro dzekurumidziro dzemhuri.

Hurumende dzomunharaunda dzine mutoro wokugadzira nokuvandudza zvirongwa zvadzo zvine ngozi, izvo zvinozivisa ngozi uye mazano okuderedza kuchengeteka.

Hurumende yeHurumende: Kubatana uye Kusimbiswa Kwepfuma

Kana njodzi inopfuura simba rehurumende yomunharaunda. Hurumende dzinoshanda sebhiriji pakati pevatsigiri vehurumende nezviwanikwa zvehurumende, kugovera kushandira pamwe, vashandi, midziyo, uye mari.

Kutarisirwa Kwehurumende Kwekurumidziro Kurongwa Kwezvirongwa Nenzvimbo Dzinochengeterwa Zvinhu

Hurumende imwe neimwe ine sangano rokutarisira njodzi (inowanzonzi State Emergency Management Agency or Office of Emergency Services) rinotarisira kugadzirira njodzi, mhinduro, uye kunaya munyika yose. Masangano aya anochengeta mirwi yemigove, anoronga kurongwa kwemauto eNational Guard, uye anotarisira mabasa enjodzi dzehurumende munguva yenjodzi.

Apo zviwanikwa zvomunzvimbomo zvinenge zvapera, hurumende inogona kugovera vashandi vokuwedzera, zvokushandisa, uye betsero yemari. Somuenzaniso, mukati me 2018 Camp Fire muCalifornia, Hofisi yaGavhuna weFoto yeEmergency Service (Cal OES) yakabatanidza kugoverwa kwezviuru zvavadzimi vomwoto, vakuru vakuru vakuru vemitemo, uye matura edzimba kubva mhiri kwehurumende. Vakakwanisawo kuyamurana nezvikumbiro zvinobva kune dzimwe nyika, vachivimbisa kuti vadzimi vomoto vanobva Oregon, Washington, neArizona vagona kukumbanira nokukurumidza kurwa.

Kutarisira Utano Hwevanhu Vose uye Kupindirana Kwenyika

Hurumende dzinotarisirawo ngozi dzoutano munjodzi, dzinoongorora zvirwere, dzinotarisira kuchengeteka kwemvura yokunwa, uye dzinoronga mabasa outano nokuda kwevagari vomunzvimbo dzakabviswa.

Kubatana kwehurumende ndirimwe basa rinokosha. Emergency Management Alternation (EMAC) ibvumirano yokuyamura pakati penyika dzose 50, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, uye Virgin Islands yeU. apo hurumende inoda zvishandiso zvokuwedzera (zvakadai seseschemindi, zvikwata zvezvokurapa, kana kuti midziyo inorema) inogona kukumbira betsero kupfurikidza neEMAC. Iyi gadziriro yakashandiswa zvikuru mukati meHurricane Katrina uye nguva pfupi yapfuura mukati mePhurricine Ian muna 2022.

Hurumende Inotonga Nyika: Zviwanikwa Zvenyika uye Kutsigira Kwakakodzera

Basa rehurumende nderokugovera tsigiro apo ngwavaira inokurira nyika nezvishandiso zvomunzvimbomo. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) isangano rehurumende rinotungamirira nokuda kwemhinduro yengwavaira nokunaya, asi mamwe madhipatimendi ((((kubatanidza Dhipatimendi reDefense, Department of Health and Human Services, uye Army Corps of Engineers) anoitawo mabasa anokosha.

FEMA Nechinogadzirirwa Kupindura kweNyika Yose

FEMA inoronga nhamburiko dzemhinduro dzehurumende kupfurikidza ne National Response Framework , iyo inoonesa kuti masangano ehurumende anoshanda sei pamwe chete uye navakwanyina vehurumende, vomunzvimbomo, vorudzi, uye voruwa. Apo ngwavaira inoziviswa njodzi yehurumende naPresidente, FAMA inogona kugovera mari dzakadai sedzimba dzechinguvana, zvokudya nemigove yemvura, zvikwata zvezvokurapa, uye betsero yemari.

FEMA inotungamirirawo purogiramu yeKubetsera Imwe Chete, iyo inogovera kuna varidzi vemisha navarendi nokuda kwerasikidzo dzisina kutsarukana, uye purogiramu yeRuyamuro rwaPuricrate, iyo inobetsera hurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo kuvakazve gadziriro dzakakuvadzwa. Mugore ra2023, FEMA yakagovera anopfuura mabhiriyoni $5 (Z $56 000 000) mukutsigira njodzi.

Kubatsira Nezvirongwa Zvokurovedza Mune Zvemari

Kupfuura mhinduro yengwavaira yakananga, hurumende yehurumende inopa zvikwereti nezvikwereti zvokubetsera nzanga kugadzirira nokunaya mungwavaira. Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) gadziriro dzemari dzinoderedza ngozi dzengwavaira yomunguva yemberi, dzakadai sokukwidziridza zvivako munzvimbo dzamafashamo kana kuti kusimbisa gadziriro dzinotambudza. Small Business Administration (SBA) inogovera zvikwereteso zvengwavaira yakaderera zvikurusa kumabhizimisi, muridzi wemisha, uye varendi.

FEMA inoshandisawo Emergency Management Institute (EMI), iyo inopa zvirongwa zvokurovedza nyanzvi dzezvokutarisira zvinhu zvinokurumidzira dziri pamwero yose yehurumende.

Kubatana Pakati Pezvinzvimbo zveHurumende

Kana kushandira pamwe uku kuchibudirira, mari yacho inokurumidza kuenda kwainodiwa zvikuru.

Kurovedza Mutambo Wokurovedza Majoini uye Murayiro Wakabatana

Rimwe ramatanho anokosha zvikurusa nokuda kwokubatira pamwe kurovedzana. Zvirongwa pamwero yose zvinotora rutivi mukurovedza kunotevedzera zvinoitika zvengwavaira chaidzoidzo, kubvira pakudengenyeka kwapasi kusvikira kuzvirwere. aya mafambiro okusimbisa rovedzo anovaka ukama, masangano ekurukurirano, uye kuziva mikaha mugadziriro ngwavaira chaiyoiyo isati yaitika.

Muchinoitika chaichoicho, chivako chemirairo chakabatana chinowanzoshandiswa kuita nhevedzano yechisarudzo. Pasi peNational Incident Management Management System (NIMS), vamiriri vanobva mumativi ose atapura uye masangano vanoshanda pamwe chete muchiratidzo chimwe. Ichi chivako chinovimbisa kuti munhu ari wose ashande nezvinoiswa pakutanga zvakafanana namashoko, kuderedza kuvhiringidzika nokufanana kwenhamburiko.

Kugoverana Mashoko Nokusarudza Kunoita Midziyo

Kugoverana mashoko chimwe chinhu chinokosha. Masangano omunzvimbomo anounganidza mashoko pamusoro pekuvadziko nezvinodikanwa, izvo zvinorambidzwa pamwero yehurumende nehurumende kuti azivise zvitsama zvamashoko. Maturusi azvino uno akadai semapuresatellite, majekiseni, uye kuongorora chaiwo nguva ino yenzanga zvinobatsira kugadzira mufananidzo unowirirana.

Somuenzaniso, mukati memafashamo 2022 muKentucky, vanamaneja vekurumidziro vomunzvimbomo vakashandisa mugwagwa wenjodzi uye mishumo yevhu kuti vame mepu nharaunda dzakafashamirwa, nepo masangano ehurumende nehurumende akashandisa mashoko iwayo kuronga mabasa okununura uye kugadzira dzimba dzechinguvana. Rudzi urwu rwekusvika kwematanho emashoko kumhanya zvikuru uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti yamuro inosvika kunzanga dzinoida zvikuru.

Kubatanidzwa Munzanga Nokururamisira

Mwero yose yehurumende inofanirawo kupinda nenzanga dzakatapurwa kuti dzinzwisise zvinodikanwa zvavo chaizvo nenhau yavanhu vangatarisana nemipinyi yokuwedzera mukati mengwavaira. Kupinda mumutauro, pokugara vakaremara, uye kurukurirano yakakodzera yetsika zvinhu zvinokosha zvemhinduro inowirirana. Gadziriro itsva yegadziriro yetsika inosimbisa kuenzana senheyo huru, uye masangano akawanda ehurumende namasangano omunzvimbomo ari kuvaka nzanga kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti manzwi akasiana - siana anonzwiwa.

Fundo Dzemhosva: Kugamuchira kweHurumende Kunoshanda

Njodzi chaidzoidzo dzenyika dzinogovera zvidzidzo zvakasimba pamusoro pezvinoshanda nezvinoda kuvandudzika mukugamuchira hurumende.

Hurricane Katrina (2005): Kukundikana Kubatana

Vakuru vakuru vehurumende nevehurumende vomuLouisiana vakavhiringidzwa nedutu racho, uye hurumende haina kufambira mberi uye haina kupindira zvakanaka.

Nzvero dzakaitika dzakaratidza kundikano dzakakomba pamwero uri wose: kuronga kubviswa kwakakwana kwevakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo, kusagadzirira kwehurumende, uye kunonoka kuiswa kwepfuma yehurumende. Njodzi yacho yakaparira chinjo huru, kubatanidza kupfuudzwa kwePst-Katrina Emergency Management Reformation Act ye 2006, iyo yakasimbisa chiremera chaFEMA uye miitiro yokushanda zvakanaka.

California Wildres (2018): Kubatira pamwe kweHurumende

2018 Kampu Fire, iyo yakaparadza taundi reParadhiso ndokuuraya vanhu 85, yakaratidzira zvose zviri zviviri simba neganhuriro dzebatira pamwe yehurumende nehurumende. Cal OES akakurumidza kuunganidza zviuru zvavadzimi vomwoto navakuru vakuru vemitemo, nepo FEMA yakagovera betsero yemari nedzimba dzechinguvana nokuda kwavapukunyuki. Mhinduro yakarumbidzwa zvikuru nokuda kwekumhanya kwayo, asi ngwavaira yakasimbisawo nhau dzakagara kwenguva refu nokudzivirira kwemoto uye kutarisirwa kwenyika izvo zvinoda hurumende, hurumende, uye batira pamwe chete nomunzvimbomo kuti zvitaure.

COVID-19 Pandemic (2020-2021): Kupindura Utano Hwevanhu Vose Hwemakuna Mitaro Mizhinji

MUVENGI weCHOVID-19 wakanga usati uri ngwavaira yomusikirwo mupfungwa yegamuchidzanwa, asi wakaedza mhinduro yehurumende pamwero uri wose munzira dzisina kumboitika. Madhipatimendi outano omunzvimbomo akanga ane mutoro wokuedza, kunzvera, uye kuparadzira nhomba. Hurumende dzakashandisa rockdown, kutarisirwa kwezvipatara, uye kushandira pamutemo kuwanikwa kwezvishandiso zvinodzivirira zvomunhu oga. Hurumende yehurumende, kupfurikidza neCDC ne NIH, yakagovera nhungamiro, mari, uye tsigiro yokugadzirwa kwemajekiseni.

Murakatira wacho wakafumura mikana inokosha mugadziriro dzoutano uye kubatana kwehurumende, asi wakakurumidzisawo zvinhu zvakadai sematelemeticine uye mabhirikiti anochengetedza mashoko achabatsira kuti njodzi dzizoitika mune ramangwana.

Kugadzirira Ngwavaira Dzomunguva Yemberi

Sezvo kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kuchiita njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga nguva dzose, hurumende dzose dzinofanira kuchinja kugadzirira kwadzo uye nzira dzokupindura nadzo.

Kushandisa Mari Muzvinhu Zvakachinja

Kusimbisa gadziriro dzinodzivisa ngwavaira kunoderedza kuvadziko nokunaya kwokukurumidza. Ikoku kunobatanidza kukwidziridza migwagwa nezvivako munzvimbo dzamafashamo, kusimbisa mitsetse yesimba mukurwisana nemoto unopisa, uye kuisa zvikoro nezvipatara kuti zvitsungirire kudengenyeka kwapasi. FMA Building Refrastture and Relistriture and Community [BRIC] purogiramu yemari yehurumende inogovera mari yezvirongwa zvakadaro, uye mipimo inofanira kuisa kukumbira kuisa kubetsera kunenge kurangarira ngozi hurusa.

Dzidzo Yenzanga Negadziriro Dzokugadzirira

Hurumende dzinofanira kuisa mari munhimbe dzedzidzo yavose dzinopfuurira dzinodzidzisa vagari vemo kuvaka mabhokisi ekurumidziro, kuita gadziriro dzekurukurirano yemhuri, uye kunzwisisa nzira dzokubuda nadzo. Mirongwa yakadai seCommunity Emergency Response Teach (CERT) inorovedza vazvipiri kuti vabatsire vapinduri vezvidzidzo mukati mengwavaira, kuwedzera kwebasa romunzvimbomo uye kusimudzira tsika yokuda kukurumidza kubuda.

Kuziva Nezvoruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu

Mitauro yakakwirira yokunzvera, ungwaru hwokugadzirwa, uye zvishandiso chaizvoizvo zvokunzvera zvinogona kuvandudza rutivi rwuri rwose rwokutarisira ngwavaira. Kufanodeya kutaura kunogona kufanotaura nzira dzedutu nenharaunda dzemafashamo, kuchibvumira kubuda kwapamberi pezvisaririra. Kunzvera kwenzanga kunogona kubetsera vakuru vakuru vakuru kuziva zvinodikanwa zviri kubuda uye mashoko asina kururama. Kupinza mari muidzi mwero yose yezvokugadzirwa kwehurumende kuchabhadhara mukuita kunokurumidza, kunobudirira zvikuru.

Simbisa Vakwanyina Vakabatana

Kubatana hakugoni kuitwa munguva yenjodzi. Hurumende dzinofanira kuronga kubatana kupfurikidza nezvibvumirano zvokuyamura, rudungwe rwokurovedzana, uye zvikuva zvinogoverana. Rovedzo dzenguva dzose dzekurukurirano dzinobatanidza nzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo, hurumende, uye hurumende nzanga dzehurumende ((kunyange vakwanyina voga veboka uye masangano asina mhindu) zvinobetsera kuvaka ukama nokuvimbana zvinodikanwa nokuda kwetsinhirano inopfaviswa mudzvinyiriro.

mhedziso

Njodzi dzomusikirwo hadzisi kupera, asi nzira iyo hurumende dzinoita nayo chimwe nzanga icho chinonaya nokukurumidza neinotamburira kwamakore. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinogovera mhinduro yapakarepo, panzvimbo yapasi inoponesa upenyu. Hurumende dzinowedzera zvishandiso ndokubatira pamwe. Hurumende inopa tsigiro huru nemari apo nzvimbo dzomunharaunda nehurumende dzinokurirwa. Apo iyi mwero mitatu inoshanda pamwe chete nenzira inobudirira, kupfurikidza nomurairo wakabatana, mashoko kugoverana, uye kuvimbisa kwenzanga.

Kuvanhu vagari vemo, kunzwisisa mabasa aya idanho rokutanga kuti vave vakadzidza uye vakagadzirira kuita njodzi. Kuziva kuti isangano ripi rokutaura navo, kuti vangawana sei zvinhu, uye kuti vangatarisira chii panhambo imwe neimwe yenjodzi kunogona kuderedza kuzvidya mwoyo uye kuvandudza migumisiro. Nokutsigira kuti pave nokuwedzera kwemari yavanoisa mukugadzirira uye kushandira pamwe, nzanga dzinogona kubatsira kuti hurumende dzavo dzive dzakagadzirira chero chii zvacho chinotevera.

Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro penzira yokugadzirira nayo ngwavaira dzomusikirwo, shanyira Ready.gov uye FMA.gov.